
    Thomas McKeon, Appellant, v. The Steinway Railway Company, Respondent.
    
      Negligence—contributory negligence is not a defense where it is a remote and subsequent, and not the proximate and concurrent cause of an accident. Contributory negligence, to be made available as a-defense to an action brought to recover damages for personal injuries, must have been the proximate and concurrent, cause of the accident.
    A street railway corporation is not relieved from liability for the negligent failure of one of its servants to stop a car in time to avoid striking a man, who has been thrown from a wagon drawn by a runaway horse, and is lying uncon- • scious upon the track, by the fact that the runaway was the result of a collision which occurred, because of the injured man’s negligence, between the wagon and another of the defendant’s cars which passed upon the same track a few moments previously.
    Appeal by the plaintiff, Thomas McKeon, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Queens on the 23d day of January, 1897, upon the verdict of a jury, and also from an order, bearing date the 29th day of October, 1896, and entered in .said clerk’s office, denying- the plaintiff’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      Thomas F. Magner, for the appellant.
    
      Eugene L. Bushe, for the respondent.
   Bradley, J.:

The alleged cause of action is for a personal injury suffered by the plaintiff through the negligence of the defendant. The trial resulted in a verdict for the defendant. The questions for consideration arise upon exceptions taken by the plaintiff’s counsel-to rulings at the trial, and moré especially to the charge made by the court to the jury. The facts which the evidence on the part of plaintiff tended to prove were that in the evening of December 16, 189.5, he drove his horse and truck up to the gateway of his employers’ premises on Locust street, in the village of Corona, county of Queens, and that ■finding the gate locked he, with a view of departing, so backed up his horse into the street that the hind end of his truck-wagon projected over the eastern-bound track of the defendant’s trolley railroad in that street; that he then saw an approaching car on that track and he proceeded to get upon the wagon to drive away; that before he was able to d'ó so the car collided with the rear end of the wagon; that this caused the horse to run away, and that the plaintiff was thrown from the wagon,- when upwards of 200 feet. from the place of collision, and fell upon the same track; that he was then unconscious, and was injured by another car of the defendant going in the same direction a few minutes later; that two young daughters of the plaintiff, seeing the condition of the horse and wagon, looked for and discovered the plaintiff on the track; that one of them, while making an ineffectual effort to pull him from the track, saw the approaching car; that both of them screamed; that their screams were heard by the motorman and some others on the car, which did not stop until after it had struck the plaintiff and had passed the place where he was lying. The headlight of the car enabled the motorman to see twenty-five feet ahead of it, and his evidence was that he saw the plaintiff as, the car approached, and that no part of his body was on the track, but that he lay wholly outside of and between the tracks, and that consequently the car could not, and did not, hit him at all. : '

The question whether the collision with the wagon was chargeable solely to the negligence of the defendant or attributable to any . contributory negligence of the plaintiff was submitted to the jury, and the court charged them to the effect that, if any negligence of the plaintiff contributed to that collision, what followed was in like manner affected by such negligence, and he could not recover for his injury suffered by the car running upon him when he was lying upon the track, if he received injury in that manner.

In other words, the view of the court was that if the contact of the car with the wagon, which caused the horse to run away, was imputable to any contributory negligence of the plaintiff, the defendant was entitled to a verdict, although the latter accident otherwise might be attributable solely to the negligence of the defendant. It may, in view of the finding of the jury, be assumed that the negligence of the plaintiff placed him in the. position where he is said to have been struck by the other car, and that, therefore, the injury there received by him was in some sense the consequence of his negligence. But it does not follow that this gave legal immunity to the defendant to run its car on to him. The negligence of a plaintiff which is effectual to relieve a defendant from liability for the consequences of his negligence, must be proximate in such sense as to contribute concurrently to the result complained of. Although the injury may not have occurred hut for the negligence of the former, his antecedent negligence may not be concurrent or simultaneous in such sense as to relieve the latter from the consequences of his negligence. ' In other words, when a plaintiff, by his negligence, has placed himself in a dangerous position, the defendant, advised of his situation, is not for that reason legally justified in failing to use reasonable care to not injure him. (Davies v. Mann, 10 M. & W. 546 ; Austin v. New Jersey Steamboat Co., 43 N. Y. 75 ; Silliman v. Lewis, 49 id. 379; Richmond & D. R. R. Co. v. Anderson’s Admr., 31 Gratt. 812; 31 Am. Rep. 750; Isbell v. N. Y. & N. H. R. R. Co., 27 Conn. 393; 71 Am. Dec. 78.)

While there is some apparent conflict in the cases of the different States on the subject of the effect of contributory negligence upon the remedy, the rule about which there is no occasion for serious controversy, is that to deny to a party relief for an injury suffered by him by the' culpable negligence of another, his negligence must not only contribute to the happening of the injury, but must contribute to it as a proximate cause. His negligence as a remote cause, and creating a condition of peril from which he is unable to relieve himself, does not excuse the want of care in another to avoid injuring him.

Eor the purposes of the question in the present case, it may he assumed that the plaintiff, by his negligence resulting in the collision of the car witli his wagon, was rendered helpless at another place on the defendant’s railroad, where he was in a condition of danger from a passing" car from which he was unable to extricate himself. He was, therefore;, not chargeable with contributory negligence for not getting out of the way there of an approaching car. JHe did not voluntarily put himself in that position. His negligence that caused him to be there was antecedent, and not concurrent or simultaneously contributory to his injury there received. There was some ■evidence tending to prove that, by the exercise of ordinary care on the part of the defendant’s servant having charge of the motive power of the car, the accident, such as it was at that place, may have been" obviated.

These views lead to the conclusion that the consideration by the jury of the questions of fact arising upon the evidence relating to the occurrence last referred to should not have been made dependent upon the fact that the plaintiff’s negligence did not contribute to the previous collision of the car with his .wagon.

The plaintiff, by his' complaint, alleges ■ both the collision of the car with his wagon and the running of another car into or over him, and that this was" occasioned by the negligence" of the defendant. And, although those matters were alleged in a single count only of the complaint, it is not seen that upon the trial the liability for one of the alleged causes .of the plaintiff’s injuries could properly be made dependent upon that for the other of them.

The judgment and order should be reversed and a new trial •granted, costs to abide the event.

All concurred.

Judgment and order reversed and new trial granted, costs to abide the event.  