
    Thomas J. Healy, Plaintiff, v. The City of New York et al., Defendants.
    (Supreme Court, New York Special Term,
    June, 1903.)
    Municipal corporation — Action to restrain a city from cutting oS a metered water supply for nonpayment of a bill for water used.
    Where a lessee of real estate sued a city to restrain it from cutting off his water supply, registered by a sealed city water ■meter in perfect condition when delivered to the city-by the manufacturer, for nonpayment of a bill for water alleged to have been used on the premises, and it appeared on the trial that the meter had been installed for forty months, and inspected nine times before a city inspector discovered a defect in it, causing it to register much less water than had been actually used, that its seal was then and previously intact, and that there was nothing to show that the plaintiff had ever tampered with the meter, the court, although the plaintiff had increased his holdings since the meter, leading to all of them, was installed, granted him the relief he asked, and rejected the city’s counterclaim for its bill, upon the ground that upon its evidence it had made no legal proof cf the true amount of water used during the period covered"hy the bill.
    Action to enjoin the defendants from cutting off the supply of Croton Avater from premises occupied hy plaintiff.
    M. Edward Kelley and John E. Connelly, for plaintiff.
    George L. Rives, Corporation Counsel (Chase Mellen, of counsel), for defendants.
   Davis, J.

This action is brought to restrain the defendants from cutting off the water supply from the plaintiff’s premises on Columbus avenue, in the city of Yew York, upon which premises he is conducting a café and restaurant. The defendants claim that the water meter on these premises failed for a long time to register correctly the amount oí water actually used by the plaintiff, because of the wrongful and illegal interference with the meter by the plaintiff or his agents; that the plaintiff wrongfully used this unregistered water, and that the value of the water so used was $1,744.96. Demand of payment was made upon the plaintiff, and upon'his refusing to pay, the defendants threatened to cut off his supply of water unless payment was made within ten days. Payment not having been made, as demanded, defendant took steps to cut off the water, but was restrained by a temporary injunction in this action, in which the defendants now demand judgment dismissing the complaint and vacating the temporary injunction, and upon a counterclaim for $1,670.36, with interest from February 18, 1903, the value of the water claimed to have been misappropriated. The premises in question are used by the plaintiff as a café and restaurant, and comprise portions of Nos. 141, 143, 145 and 147 Columbus avenue. No. 141 was taken by him October 37, 1898. He took the floor and basement of 143 in ETovember, 1899. In October, 1901, he added the basement and one floor of ETo. 145, and in January, 1902, he became lessee of one floor and basement of Ho. 147. Such were his premises at the time of the beginning of this action. The meter in question was placed upon these premises October 15, 1898, and before the plaintiff took possession. At the time the meter was set it Avas sealed Avit-h the department seal, and could not be tampered with without breaking this seal. From the time of its installation to January 1, 1902, there were about nine different inspections of the meter by department inspectors, and on each occasion the seal was found to be intact and there appeared to be nothing in the working of the meter to indicate any imperfection, although no minute examination of its internal mechanism was made. In February, 1902, a department inspector broke the seal and made an examination of this internal mechanism. He found that 8 of the 10 teeth on the pinion between the 100 and 1,000 dials had been cut aAvay. The effect of this Avas to causé a failure to register a very large part of the water passing through the meter, the defendants claiming that in this particular instance and because of this defect the meter registered only one-fifth of the water used. The meter was manufactured by the Thompson Meter Company. Before it was delivered to the city it was inspected by the inspector of the manufacturer. He testifies that it was in perfect condition. The meter was then sent to the keeper of the city pipe yard, whence.in August, 1898, it was delivered to the plumber named in the application and permit. Before delivering it to the plumber a test was made by the keeper of the pipe yard. He says that, after running 25 cubic feet of water through it, he concluded that it was in perfect order. A careful examination of this witness’ testimony discloses, however, that his test was not a reliable one. The serious defects found in this meter could not have been discovered by simply running 25 cubic feet of water through it. The part tampered with was the pinion between 100 and 1,000 dials, and the failure to register water would take place on the 1,000 dial. Assuming the mechanism to be in perfect order, the passage of only 25 cubic feet of water through the meter would scarcely move the hand on the 1,000 dial. This fa'ct makes the test applied in this case useless. Again, after leaving the pipe yard, the meter was in the possession of the plumber from August, 1898, until it was set on October 15, 1898, and it did not come into the possession of the plaintiff until October 27, 1898, when he took possession of the premises. On March 11, 1902, the defendants, upon the assumption that the plaintiff had tampered with the meter, sent him a bill for $593.80 for water claimed to have been used but not measured between October 15, 1898, and January 21, 1902, and threatened to cut off the water supply if the bill remained unpaid for ten days. The amount named in this bill was arrived at by multiplying by five the amount of water actually registered between these dates. In the absence of fraud on the part of the plaintiff this was manifestly an unsatisfactory and indeed an unwarrantable method; there is absolutely no evidence to show even approximately the date between October 15, 1898, and January 21, 1902, when the meter became disabled. The defendants afterwards abandoned the bill, however, and rendered another for $1,670.36, adopting a different method of computation, under which the amount of water charged for between these dates was fixed by reference to the average daily consumption between April 9, 1902, and Hay 9, 1902, with a new meter in use. But this method is equally useless, not only for lack of proof as to when the meter was tampered with, but also because the amount used between April 9, 1902, and t Hay 9, 1902, when plaintiff was occupying all of the premises referred to is no criterion of the amount used while his business was expanding from one store to four. It might be that the plaintiff could be required to pay one or the other of the bills rendered, and in default thereof lose his water supply, if the measurement of the water actually used had been made impossible by his own wrongful act. But there is no sufficient proof here that there was any interference with the meter by the plaintiff or by any one with his knowledge. On the contrary, plaintiff’s innocence of wrong-doing in this regard is quite obvious. Although the meter was on his premises, it was under constant and frequent inspection of the department whose officers presumably had the seal, and the seal appeared to have remained intact until removed by one of these inspectors. In view of the foregoing the bill rendered by the defendants was not such as it had a legal right to render to plaintiff, and a failure or refusal to pay it was not a violation of law or regulation which would give it a right to cut off plaintiff’s water supply. It follows, therefore, that defendants’ counterclaim must be dismissed and judgment rendered for plaintiff as demanded, with costs.

Judgment for plaintiff, with costs.  