
    Potter v. Ogden et al.
    
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department.
    
    June 29, 1892.)
    1. Bond of Administrator—Enforcement.
    Under Code Civil Proc. § 3610, providing that chapter 18, tit. 3, art. 5, relating generally to executors or administrators, shall apply to an administrator appointed before that chapter took effect, but that it shall not affect the liability of sureties in a bond previously executed, as a change in the mode of enforcing a liability does not affect the liability itself, the procedure pointed out in that chapter for enforcing an administrator’s bond is properly applicable to a bond previously executed.
    3. Same—Degree on Accounting.
    In an action on the bond of M., as administrator of H., it appeared that M. died insolvent, without having paid plaintiff’s distributive share in H.’s estate, and that a decree was entered in the surrogate’s court, which recited that M. died without assets, and that plaintiff’s claim was due and unpaid, add ordered the administrator of M. to pay plaintiff out of the assets of the estate of H. Held, that under Code Civil Proc. I 3606, providing for an accounting by the administrator of a deceased administrator, and that, “for the purpose of maintaining an action upon decedent’s official bond, a decree against his * * * administrator, rendered upon such an accounting, has the same effect as if an execution issued upon a surrogate’s decree against the property of decedent had been returned unsatisfied during decedent’s lifetime,” such a decree was sufficient to sustain plaintiff’s action.
    Exceptions from circuit court, New York county.
    Action by Mary A.'Potter against Thomas L. Ogden and others, executors, etc., of Samuel E. Lyon, deceased, on the bond of John W. Mills, as administrator. Complaint was dismissed, and plaintiff moved for a new trial, which was ordered to be heard on exceptions at general term in the first instance.
    Objections sustained, and new trial ordered.
    Argued before Van Brunt, P. J., and O’Brien and Patterson, JJ.
    
      G. Garskaddan, (John D. Kernan and William, P. Quin, of counsel,) for the motion. Henry R. Beekman, (David B. Ogden, of counsel,) opposed.
   Van Brunt, P. J.

This action was brought against the defendants as executors of the last will, etc., of Samuel E. Lyon, deceased, upon the bond of one John W. Mills, as administrator of, etc., of Abigail Hall, deceased, on which bond the said Samuel E. Lyon was one of the sureties. It appeared that on the 10th of June, 1872, John W. Mills and Jane E. Kolemen were appointed by the surrogate of Westchester county administrators of the estate of Abigail Hall, deceased, and on the 22d of May, 1872, Lyon signed the bond in suit, conditional for the faithful execution of the trust of said administrators, and their obedience to all orders of the surrogate. On the 13th of October, 1873, Mills began accounting proceedings, which proceedings terminated in a decree on the 27th May, 1877, directing Mills to pay and distribute to John W. Mills, as general guardian of Agnes Hall, $11,183.23; also that he retain in his hands as such general guardian the said amount adjudged to be due and payable to her. The defendants contend that thereafter Mills continued to retain and hold the same as such general guardian, and in no other capacity. There is no evidence that Mills in fact transferred or paid over the fund to himself as general guardian, and the plaintiff has never received anything. In October, 1882, Mills died, and in a proceeding brought by one Charles A. Hall, a creditor of said Mills, Hall was appointed his administrator. On the 25th of September, 1889, the plaintiff petitioned that said Hall, as such administrator, be called upon to account, in accordance with which petition a citation was issued to said Hall as administrator, and in accordance therewith he rendered an account, in which he states that, as he Is informed and believes, said Mills, as administrator, etc., of Abigail Hall, deceased, had in his hands on the 2d of May, 1877, the distributive share of said estate due to the petitioner; that such distributive share was never paid to the petitioner, but was due and unpaid to her; and that, as administrator of such estate of John W. Mills, he had not been able to find any assets or property of the estate of said Abigail Hall; deceased, remaining in the hands of said Mills as administrator of her estate at the time of his decease, except some articles of furniture, not exceeding $50 in value. A decree was entered upon said accounting in the surrogate’s court on the 17th of November, 1890, adjudging that said Hall, as administrator of said John W. Mills, pay to the plaintiff the sum of $11,-183.23, with interest thereon from the 2d of May, 1877, out of the assets of Abigail Hall, deceased. Various other questions were raised during the progress of the trial which it is not necessary to mention here, and the court was moved to dismiss the complaint upon the ground that, as the bond upon which the suit was brought was given in 1872, and that, as the provisions of law then in force regulating the method of fixing the liability of sureties had not been observed prior to bringing this action, the complaint should be dismissed. This motion was granted, and an exception taken.

It is urged upon the part of the defendants that the liability of the sureties on Mills’ bond could be determined only in the manner provided by law in 1872, when the bond was executed. If this is a correct proposition of law, then it would seem that the sureties upon the bond were absolutely absolved, because the provisions of the Revised Statutes and of the Laws of 1837 relating to this subject were repealed by the repealing act of 1880, and no longer exist. It was undoubtedly supposed that the sections of the Code relating to this matter were applicable to bonds which had been given prior to their enactment, as well as to those which should come into existence subsequently. This view we think to be entirely well founded. In the execution of the bond the sureties had obtained no vested right in the method of procedure by which their liability was to be determined. There was no power in the legislature to increase that liability in any way, but they had a right to alter the remedies by which the liability upon the bond should be enforced, and the procedure which should be observed by those seeking relief because of a breach in the condition of the bond. And this was all that was done by the repealing of the provisions of the Revised Statutes and the Laws of 1837 at the time when the sections of the Code above referred to went into operation. Upon an examination of those sections, it is clear that this is a correct interpretation of the legislation. Section 2610 expressly provides that “the provisions of this article apply to an executor, administrator, or guardian to whom letters have been issued, and to a testamentary trustee, whose trust has been created before this chapter takes effect.” It is true that the section terminates with this clause, “except that it does not affect in any manner the liability of the sureties upon a bond executed before this chapter takes effect.” But it is evident that this saving clause was intended to relate to the provB sions contained in the chapter relating to the extension of the liabilities of sureties upon the official bonds of either a guardian, administrator, or executor; It had no reference to the methods by which the liabilities arising from the breach of the conditions of a bond should be enforced. A change in the method of enforcing liability upon a bond in no way increased or diminished such liability, and therefore has no effect upon the same. It would have been idle, if the contention of the respondent is correct, for the legislature to have enacted section 2610 at all, as the last clause would repeal the first. This view seems to have been recognized in the case of Hood v. Hayward, (Sup.) 1 N. Y. Supp. 566, which was affirmed by the court of appeals, (124 N. Y. 1, 26 N. E. Rep. 331;) the point in question, however, not being noticed in the later courts.

But it is urged that, even if it be held that the provisions of the Code'are applicable to the case, there is ho such determination of Mills’ default as is there provided for, because the decree rendered directs,the administrator of Mills to pay to the plaintiff the amount of her claim out of the assets of the estate of Abigail Hall, deceased, instead of out of the estate of John W. Mills, deceased. We cannot see the force of this objection. 'The decree was a determination that Mills, as administrator, had not paid the- money as directed by the decree of May 2, 1877; and that, when he died, he owed it to the plaintiff as such administrator, and had not paid it over to her or to himself as guardian; and that at the time of his death he still held and owned the money as administrator. It is clear that the direction that Hall, as administrator of Mills, pay to the plaintiff out of the assets of the estate of Abigail Hall, is proper in form, because such is the procedure contemplated by section 2606 of the Code. The administrator or executor of the deceased administrator is to account precisely the same as the deceased would have accounted had his letters been revoked by the surrogate’s decree; and it is expressly provided that a decree against a decedent’s executor or administrator, rendered upon such an accounting, has the same effect as if an execution issued upon the surrogate’s decree against the property of the decedent had been returned unsatisfied during the decedent’s lifetime. It further appears from this decree that Mills died without assets of any kind or in any capacity. Hence it would appear that there had been a complete devastavit by the deceased administrator; and this view is recognized in the case of Perkins v. Stimmel, 114 N. Y. 359, 21 N. E. Rep. 729. The claim that there might be assets of the estate of Mills out. of which the plaintiff’s claim might be satisfied, and the decree in its present form would be ineffectual to reach them, cannot prevail, because the decree expressly finds that Mills died without assets of any kind.

It is further claimed that there was no default shown upon the part of Mills, as administrator, in complying with the decree of May 2, 1877. It appears that he was directed to pay to himself as guardian, but there is not the slightest evidence that any such payment was ever made. .The suggestion that the decree shows that at this time Mills had the funds in his hands,,to make this payment is certainly not well founded. AIL that the decree determines is that he was chargeable with this amount; but that he had the funds actually in his hands was not adjudicated. The decree determines what the administrator is chargeable with, and what he should pay, and directs him to pay it, and, if he does not pay it, then the beneficiary has his remedies, and the wording of a surrogate’s decree upon an accounting cannot be tortured into a judicial determination that an administrator or executor has in his hands all the assets for which he is chargeable. Without considering the other points raised, we are of opinion that there was a sufficient compliance with the provisions of the Code fixing the liability of the sureties upon the bond of the administrator, and that the only remedy which remained, and the only method of procedure, was that which was contained in the Code. We think, therefore, that the objections should be sustained, and a new trial ordered, with costs to the plaintiff to abide the event. All concur.  