
    GMAC REAL ESTATE, LLC, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Julius R. FIALKIEWICZ, Jr., Reality Works, LLC, d/b/a Realty Works GMAC Real Estate, Defendants-Appellees, L. Gardner Graves, Jr., Defendant.
    No. 12-60-cv.
    United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
    Dec. 27, 2012.
    
      Paul J. Halasz (Jesse C. Ehnert, on the brief), Day Pitney LLP, Parsippany, NJ, for appellant.
    Joshua A. Hawks-Ladds (Megan Y. Carannante, on the brief), Pullman & Comley LLC, Hartford, CT, for appellees.
    PRESENT: GUIDO CALABRESI, GERARD E. LYNCH, DENNY CHIN, Circuit Judges.
   SUMMARY ORDER

Appellant GMAC Real Estate, LLC (“GMAC”) appeals an order of the district court denying its petition to vacate an arbitration award and granting the cross-motion of appellees Julius R. Fialkiewiez, Jr. and Realty Works, LLC (“Realty Works”) to have the award confirmed. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history.

Appellant argues that the arbitration award should be vacated because the arbitrator manifestly disregarded the law when he found that GMAC had violated the Connecticut Business Opportunity Investment Act (“CBOIA”), Conn. Gen.Stat. § 36b-60 et seq. “When a party challenges the district court’s review of an arbitral award under the manifest disregard standard, we review the district court’s application of the standard de novo.” GMS Grp., LLC v. Benderson, 326 F.3d 75, 77 (2d Cir.2003). In turn, the manifest disregard standard is “highly deferential to the arbitrator!], and relief on such a claim is therefore rare.” STMicroelectronics, N.V. v. Credit Suisse Sec. (USA) LLC, 648 F.3d 68, 78 (2d Cir.2011) (internal quotation marks omitted). To obtain relief, the petitioner must establish an “egregious impropriety on the part of the arbitrator! ].” Duferco Int'l Steel Trading v. T. Klaveness Shipping A/S, 333 F.3d 383, 389 (2d Cir.2003). This Court “will not vacate an award because of a simple error in law or a failure by the arbitrators to understand or apply it but only when a party clearly demonstrates that the [arbitrator] intentionally defied the law.” STMicroelectronics, 648 F.3d at 78 (internal quotation marks omitted); see Duferco, 333 F.3d at 389 (petitioner must establish that arbitrator “refused to apply [the law], in effect, ignoring it”). This stringent standard applies even where, as here, the arbitrator failed to explain the award. Duferco, 333 F.3d at 390. In such circumstances, the award will be enforced “if there is a barely colorable justification for the outcome reached.” Wallace v. Buttar, 378 F.3d 182, 190 (2d Cir.2004); see STMicroelectronics, 648 F.3d at 78 (“Where, as here, the arbitrators do not explain the reason for their decision, we will uphold it if we can discern any valid ground for it.”); Duferco, 333 F.3d at 390 (“Even where explanation for an award is deficient or non-existent, we will confirm it if a justifiable ground for the decision can be inferred from the facts of the case.”).

According to GMAC, the arbitrator manifestly disregarded the law in two respects. First, GMAC argues that the franchise agreement includes a term licensing two trademarks to Realty Works, “GMAC Real Estate” and “Premier Service,” and that it therefore falls within an exception to the CBOIA for “the sale of a marketing program made in conjunction with the licensing of a registered trademark.” Conn. Gen.Stat. § 36b-61(2)(D). Arguably, however, “GMAC Real Estate” is not a federally registered mark as required by the CBOIA, and “Premier Service” was not licensed in conjunction with the franchise agreement. GMAC has identified no authority clearly on point that expressly rejects either of these possible rationales. It has therefore failed to establish that the arbitrator “intentionally defied the law,” STMicroelectronics, 648 F.3d at 78 (internal quotation marks omitted).

Second, GMAC argues that the CBOIA does not apply because the franchise agreement was not a “‘[b]usiness opportunity’ ... sold or offered ... for the purpose of enabling the purchaser-investor to start a business,” Conn. Gen.Stat. § 36b-61(2). GMAC points out that Realty Works operated as a real estate broker both before and after it executed the franchise agreement. Precedent suggests, however, that a business may be “start[ed]” within the meaning of the CBOIA where a business-opportunity purchaser’s existing business undergoes “substantial changes, modifications or additions” in connection with the purchase of the business opportunity. Eye Assocs., P.C. v. IncomRx Sys. Ltd. P’ship, 912 F.2d 23, 27 (2d Cir.1990) (internal quotation marks omitted). The arbitrator heard testimony that Realty Works revised its accounting and marketing procedures in connection with the franchise agreement. Whether these changes are sufficiently substantial to overcome the existing-businesses exclusion is an inherently fact bound question. Where an issue is “inherently fact bound,” a party can identify relevant precedent and “extrapolate broader principles from [it, but] it does not follow that all cases dealing with similar issues must reach the same result.” STMicroelectronics, 648 F.3d at 79. Distinctions that are “at least barely color-able,” id. (internal quotation marks omitted), can be drawn between this case and those cited by GMAC in which the existing-business exception was found to apply. Accordingly, it cannot be said that the arbitrator’s application of the statute to the facts of this case — -whether or not we would reach the same conclusion on de novo review — constitutes manifest disregard of the law.

For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED, 
      
      . There is some doubt as to whether "manifest disregard” is an independent basis for vacatur of an arbitration award. See T. Co. Metals, LLC v. Dempsey Pipe & Supply, Inc., 592 F.3d 329, 338, 339-40 (2d Cir.2010), citing Hall St. Assocs., LLC v. Mattel, Inc., 552 U.S. 576, 128 S.Ct. 1396, 170 L.Ed.2d 254 (2008). However, as discussed infra, appellant cannot satisfy the manifest disregard standard, and we therefore need not address its continued validity. See STMicroelectronics, N.V. v. Credit Suisse Sec. (USA) LLC, 648 F.3d 68, 78 (2d Cir.2011) ("Even if we assume the survival of the standard, Credit Suisse has failed to meet it by a long shot.”).
     
      
      . Appellees argue, and the district court held, that GMAC waived this argument by failing to present it to the magistrate judge. Because GMAC’s argument clearly fails on the merits, we decline to address whether the district court abused its discretion in deeming the argument waived. See Beth Israel Med. Ctr. v. Horizon Blue Cross & Blue Shield of N.J., Inc., 448 F.3d 573, 580 (2d Cir.2006) ("This Court may affirm an appealed decision on any ground which finds support in the record, regardless of the ground upon which the trial court relied.” (internal quotation marks omitted)).
     