
    James Kern, Respondent, v. The Burden Iron Company, Appellant.
    
      Negligence—maintaining a trestle with a plank at one side supported by brackets— injury to a workman walking on the plank — res ipso loquitur inapplicable— some specific defect in the plank or bracket must be shown.
    
    A corporation maintaining a trestle, at the side of which is a plank supported by-brackets upon which its workmen walk while pushing cars along the trestle, is bound not only to repair defects in the plank when discovered, but is also bound to use reasonable care to discover such defects as may occur, and it cannot delegate this duty of inspection to an employee, so as to free itself from liability for its negligent performance.
    The rule of res ipso loquitur does not apply to the case of the breaking of such a plank and of a bracket supporting it, while a workman was walking along the plank, pushing a car upon the trestle, occurring after the plank had safely answered its purpose for a period of three years.
    In an action by the workman against the corporation to recover damages for injuries thus sustained, the workman is bound to point out some specific defect in the plank or bracket, and the jury cannot be left to surmise or conjecture in this respect.
    Landon, J., dissented.
    Appeal by the defendant, The Burden Iron Company, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Rensselaer on the 20th day of October, 1898, upon the verdict of a jury for $5,000, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 25th day of October, 1898, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      On the 4th of February, 1887, the plaintiff was in the employ of the defendant, engaged in pushing a coal car along a trestle. The ■track upon such trestle was some fourteen feet above the ground. On either side of it was a plank or platform upon which the men could walk that were pushing the car. The plaintiff claims that while thus engaged the plank upon which he was walking gave way, and that by reason thereof he received personal injuries, to recover damages for which this action is brought. The jury rendered a verdict in favor of the plaintiff, and from the judgment entered .thereon, and from an order denying a new trial upon the minutes, the defendant brings this appeal.
    
      Esek, Cowen, for the appellant.
    
      Charles E. Patterson, for the respondent.
   Per Curiam:

As this case comes oefore us on this appeal the first question presented is whether, upon the plaintiff’s own statement, any negligence has been shown on the part of the defendant.

It appears that the plank upon which the plaintiff was walking was supported at each end and in the middle by a bracket, so-called, which projected about twenty inches from the trestlework and consisted of a strip of wood two inches by four inches in size, spiked to the timbers which supported the rail on which the cars were run. The plank, which was about thirteen feet long, had a hearing of about one inch on the bracket at either end, and the full strength of the bracket which supported it in the middle. The plaintiff claims that he was walking in the middle of such plank, pushing with his shoulder against the car; that at such point the bracket and plank both broke from under him and fell to the ground below, pulling loose from either end as it did so; that he saved himself from going down with it by catching on to the rail with one hand and falling with his left knee upon the plank that ran alongside of the one on which he walked; that while his hand was so grasping the rail the car ran upon it and crushed it.

The defect in the structure here complained of is evidently in the plank and the middle bracket, and primarily in the bracket. If the bracket had not broken, it is clear that the plank would have been so supported that it could not have first broken in the middle and pulled off the brackets at either end.

There is no evidence in this case that either the brackets or planks when first put up were not strong enough to do the work required from them, or that the mode of their construction was faulty or unsafe. There is no evidence to warrant the conclusion that the defendant had failed in its duty to construct, in the first instance, a walk upon which its employees were to work, that was sufficiently strong and reasonably safe. On the contrary, it affirmatively appears that for three years it had well and safely answered the purpose.

The negligence, therefore, if any, was in not keeping such walk in proper repair.

In examining this question, it may be conceded that it was defendant’s duty, not only to repair defects when discovered, but also to use reasonable care to discover such as might occur ; and that such duty of inspection could not be delegated to any of its employees so as to relieve it from liability for their negligent omission to properly do such work.

But there is another rule which must be borne in mind in considering this question, and that is, that such negligence “ must be proved either by direct evidence, or the proof of facts from which the inference of negligence can be legitimately drawn by the jury. It cannot be supported by mere conjecture or surmise, but musí be made referable by the proof to some specific cause or defect ” (Dobbins v. Brown, 119 N. Y. 188, 193.)

There is no evidence whatever that any particular defect existed either in this bracket or plank. Upon this trial the plaintiff did not testify that either had become decayed; that the nails which held the bracket were rusted, or that either bracket or plank was split or in' any manner weakened. There is some slight evidence that throwing coal upon the walk, which was sometimes done when they unloaded the cars, had a tendency to curl up the ends, loosen the nails therein and weaken the plank; but there is no evidence whatever that this plank had been so weakened, and much Ie^s that this bracket had been at all affected by any such action.

Not a single fact was shown indicating why this bracket gave way on this occasion. No change in its condition was shown from that in which it was when first put up. No defect whatever ivas pointed out, in the bracket or plank, which should or could have been observed by the most diligent inspection. In what respect, then, was the defendant negligent in not keeping this plank and bracket in a safe condition ? What defect ought it to have seen t What weakness did it omit to repair ? Clearly, under such circumstances, a jury must go into the realm of conjecture and surmise, in order to fix upon defendant any particular omission or neglect. It is manifest that the mere happening of this accident is not of itself sufficient to authorize the inference that it occurred because of the defendant’s negligence. The circumstances of the case are not such as will warrant the application of the rule “ res ipso loguitmr.” (See Schorning v. Knickerbocker Ice Co., 13 N. Y. Supp. 434, which is a case exactly in point. See, also, Cosulich v. Standard Oil Co., 122 N. Y. 118, 128.) As between master and servant, reasonable care only is required from the master. The strict rule which is enforced in favor of passengers against common carriers, is not applicable. (Carlson v. Phœnix Bridge Co., 132 N. Y. 273, 277; Reiss v. N. Y. Steam Co., 128 id. 103, 107.)

It is suggested that, because we did not place the reversal upon this ground when the case was before us on the former appeal (17 App. Div. 135), this question is practically not in the case. But upon that appeal the record showed that the plaintiff testified that the plank broke under him as he stepped on the end, and that the effect of the breaking was to break loose the middle bracket, and thus his hand was thrown on to the track and injured. And he gave as the reason for such breaking that the plank was rotted off all about the nails that held it to the end bracket. The bearing which the plank had on that bracket was about an inch, and if that part of it was so much decayed as to break when the plaintiff stepped on to it, clearly a very different case was presented from the one we are now considering. On that trial he complained of a specific defect, which caused his injury, and which defendant might, by reasonable inspection, have discovered and remedied.

In this case no defect whatever is pointed out, and the facts, as he states them, do not warrant an inference of negligence on the part of the defendant.

Moreover, the uncontradicted evidence is- that the defendant employed a man, McCabe, to inspect this trestlework, and that it was his duty to examine it three or four times a week. He testified that he had done so ever since it was put up.- There is no substantial contradiction of that statement, nor any proof that he was not a competent man for such work. In the absence of any proof whatever of any decay, break or particular weakness in the bracket, or defect in the plank, unless possibly a loosening of the nails, which in itself would not have contributed to this accident, there seems to be no proof whatever of any neglect, either on the part of defendant or its agents, that contributed to this injury.

As to the clear weight of evidence, it is as strong against the plaintiff’s claim as it was when the case was here before. His statement, whether we take the one given on the first trial or the one given on this, is not corroborated by any one or by any proof whatever. His claim rests solely upon his own story. He takes the position that the plank and bracket broke from under him and fell to the ground, a distance of fourteen feet. Unless that statement is correct, his claim is a false one. If we discard entirely the evidence of Foran, who saw the accident and tells how it occurred, and who swears that nothing whatever broke or gave way, we have opposed to him the evidence of three witnesses, one of whom, McNab, saw the place within a few moments after the accident occurred, and went up and examined it carefully within an hour after; and two others, Manning and McCabe, examined it the next morning, and each of them testifies that nothing was broken or out of order. With the broken; plank and bracket lying bn the ground, no one who looked at it could-fail to see it. It was not necessary to go upon the walk and make careful inspection to discover the trouble; and the plaintiff’s claim cannot possibly be correct unless each of those three witnesses has perjured himself. There is no merit in the suggestion that it may have been repaired before they saw it; even if repaired, it would be apparent, if such a break as plaintiff claims had recently occurred; but no one testified to any repairs nor to any appearance of them except the plaintiff himself, who did not see it until- the next Monday.

For the reasons above stated the judgment must he reversed.

All concurred, except Landon, J., dissenting.

Judgment and order reversed on the facts and a new trial granted, costs to abide the event.  