
    Mitchell A. C. Levy, Plaintiff, v. George H. B. Hill, Defendant.
    
      Marketable title — the projection <?/ a stoop beyond the building line in a street.
    
    The- fact that the stoop of a house projects beyond the building line into the . street, does not constitute a defect in the title to the premises upon which the house stands, where it appears that the stoop has occupied such position for upwards of thirty years without objection on the part of the municipality or of adjoining property owners or any other person.
    In such a case, the contingency that the removal of the stoop will ever be compelled by the municipality or by any person having authority in the premises, is so remote as not to be within reasonable contemplation.
    Van Brunt, P. J., dissented.
    Motion by the defendant, George H. B. Hill, for a new trial upon a case containing exceptions to the direction of a verdict in favor of the plaintiff, after a trial at the Hew York Trial. Term, ordered to he heard at the Appellate Division in the first instance.
    
      J. Langdon Ward, for the motion.
    
      John Frankenheimer, opposed.
   Hatch, J.:

This is the second appearance of the matters in controversy between these parties in this court. The questions in difference arise out of a contract for the sale of real property situate on the northerly side of Thirty-fourth street, between Fifth and Sixth avenues, in the city of Hew York. After the making and execution of the contract the defendant tendered, pursuant to its terms, a deed of the premises and demanded payment of the purchase price. The plaintiff refused to accept such deed, claiming that the title tendered was defective in that said premises were incumbered by a certain party-wall agreement, and that the stoop of said house extended beyond the street or building line for a distance of fifteen feet and eight inches; that such projection was unlawful and constituted the same an obstruction in the public street. At the time of the execution and delivery of the contract of sale the plaintiff paid as part of the purchase price the sum of $1,500. This action is brought to recover back such sum, together with the sum of $210, costs and expenses of searching the title.

The first action was brought by the plaintiff for the specific performance of the contract, and judgment was asked that a just deduction be made from the purchase money on account of the defects in the title and on account of the incumbrance and encroachments hereinabove mentioned and, after, making such deduction and upon payment of the residue of the purchase money according .to the terms of the agreement, that the defendant specifically perform the same. The court held .that such action could not be maintained ; that it was not in fact an action for specific performance of the contract in accordance with its terms, but was an equitable action by which it was sought to have the depreciation in the value of the property fixed by reason of the claimed defects in the title, and when such sum was arrived at to deduct it from the purchase price and compel a conveyance upon payment of the residue; that such action could not be maintained, as the court was powerless to grant any such relief; and upon that ground alone a judgment was affirmed which dismissed the complaint. (Levy v. Hill, 50 App. Div. 294.) The court was unanimous in holding that the claimed defect in the title arising out of the party-wall agreement was frivolous and was not a defect or incumbrance upon the title. A majority of the court further held that the plaintiff obtained by virtue of his contract all of the land, properties- and rights which he contracted to purchase, and that the projection of the stoop beyond the building line did not create a defect in the title. It is undoubtedly true that the ground upon which the complaint in that action ' was dismissed did not involve a determination of the specific questions which the plaintiff claimed constituted defects in the title. The discussion, however, assumed to settle all of. the questions involved, and expressed the views of a majority of the judges participating in the decision.

Hpon a dismissal of the complaint in that action the plaintiff brought this action. It is clear that if the views of the court in the former decision are to be regarded as controlling, it is conclusive upon the right of the plaintiff to recover in this action: Conceding that the views therein expressed were obiter, and not necessarily controlling, yet the law of the case seems to be settled in accordance with such views by authoritative decision. (Broadbelt v. Loew, 15 App. Div. 343; affd. on opinion below, 162 Iff. Y. 642.) Therein Mr. Justice Patterson, writing for the court, held that the projection of a stoop beyond the line of a city street is not necessarily unlawful, and that the question as to whether it is can only arise between the municipal authorities and the owner of the building, and that such encroachment does not constitute a defect in the. title. The stoop in the present case has occupied its present position for thirty years and upwards without objection on the part of the municipality or of adjoining property owners or any other persons. The contingency that its removal will ever be compelled by the municipality or any person having authority in the premises is so remote as not to be within reasonable contemplation. These decisions are authoritative of the questions presented and result in the conclusion that plaintiff is not entitled to recover the sums sought to be recovered in this action.

It follows that the exceptions should be sustained and the motion for a new trial granted, with costs to the defendant to abide the event.

O’Brien, McLaughlin and Laughlin, JJ., concurred; Van Brunt, P. J., dissented.

Exceptions sustained and new trial granted, with costs to defendant to abide event.  