
    Clara Morgan Campbell, Respondent, v. Leontine Klein, Appellant.
    (Supreme Court, Appellate Term,
    December, 1906.)
    Bailment — Actions — Sufficiency of evidence of negligence.
    Where plaintiff’s gown and waist, which defendant had received for the purpose of dyeing them, are taken from defendant’s premises, which were closed and looked, by burglars who gained access by means of a key, the mere fact that the preceding owner of the dyeing establishment, who had herself originally received the goods from plaintiif and who had sold out to defendant the day before the burglary, had retained a key to the premises with defendant’s knowledge, without evidence connecting the key she retained with the loss of the goods, is insufficient to charge defendant with negligence and a judgment against her should be reversed.
    Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Municipal Court of the city of Few York, tenth district, borough of Manhattan, rendered in favor of the plaintiff.
    Edward Fillmore, for appellant.
    Brown & Boland (Francis H. Boland, of counsel), for respondent
   Fitzgerald, J.

Mrs. Meyers, defendant’s predecessor in the dyeing business, received from plaintiff for cleaning a gown and waist of the alleged value of $300, which Mrs. Meyers sent to have some work done on to the establishment of a Mr. Serviss, who was to return them to Mrs. Meyers’ place; hut, before the return of the goods, defendant, by purchase from Mrs. Meyers, succeeded to her business and had control of the store at 829 Sixth avenue in which place plaintiff’s goods were on the night of March twenty-ninth. On that night the store was burglarized, since which time plaintiff’s goods have not been seen. There is ample proof to warrant the finding that defendant voluntarily assumed the bailment and custody of plaintiff’s gown and waist, and that they were in her control as bailee on the night of tho burglary, and that they were stolen. Under these circumstances, if defendant were an insurer, she would have to answer; but it is well settled that bailees are not insurers. Story Bailm., §§ 25,32; Milton v. Johnsbury, 13 Johns. 211. Bailees are answerable only when by negligence the bailed articles'are lost. In Claflin v. Meyer, 75 N. Y. 260, the rule is well stated: “ The plaintiff must in all cases, suing him for the loss of goods, allege negligence and prove negligence. This burden is never shifted from him. If he proves the demand upon the warehouseman and his refusal to deliver, these facts unexplained are treated by the courts as 'prima facie evidence of negligence; but if,either in the course of his proof or that of the defendant, it appears that the goods have been lost by theft, the evidence must show that the loss arose from the negligence of the warehouseman.” This rule was followed in Kaiser v. Latimer, 9 App. Div. 36; Stewart v. Stone, 127 N. Y. 500; King v. New Brunswick, A. & N. Y. S. Co., 36 Misc. Rep. 555. The obligation placed by the law upon a bailee only requires the exercise of ordinary diligence. Ouderkirk v. Central Nat. Bank, 119 N. Y. 263; Hoffman v. Coughlin, 26 Misc. Rep. 24. Defendant’s employee closed and locked the place on the night of the burglary and the outer doors and windows appeared not to have been disturbed on the morning after. That some one had entered during the night was manifest from the removal of a quantity of goods. The access of the thief must have been by means of a key; and the only element of negligence in the case arises from the fact that Mrs. Meyers, who was the owner of the store up to the preceding day, retained a key to the premises with defendant’s knowledge. Conceding that the defendant was negligent in this respect, there is no evidence connecting the key Mrs. Meyers had with the key.used by the thieves. There was no proof that Mrs. Meyers lost or mislaid it or from which an inference might reasonably be drawn that in any way opportunity was afforded for its falling into improper hands. Duplicate keys are often easily obtainable by criminals. To hold that the particular key held by Mrs. Meyers was necessarily connected with the crime which produced plaintiff’s loss would be to hold, upon theory, something there is no evidence to support; and, without such holding, defendant’s act, even if a negligent one in a general sense, was not material.

Gildeesleeve and Davis, JJ., concur. .

Judgment reversed and new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event.  