
    Commonwealth v. Pinckney, Appellant.
    Argued December 12, 1960.
    Before Gunther, Wright, Woodside, Ervin, Watkins, and Montgomery, JJ. (Rhodes, P. J., absent).
    
      
      A. Benjamin Johnson, Jr., for appellant.
    
      William PL. Wolf, Jr., Assistant District Attorney, with him Thomas M. Reed and Arlen Specter, Assistant' District Attorneys, Paul M. Ghalfin, First Assistant District Attorney, and Victor PL. Blanc, District Attorney, for Commonwealth, appellee.
    March 22, 1961:
   Opinion by

Ervin,- J.,

Appellant, Irin Pinckney, also known as Irvin Pinckney, was indicted, together with one Andrew Grantz, and charged with unlawful possession of drugs, in violation of §4 of the Act of July 11, 1917, P. L. 768,, as amended, 35 PS §854, which provides: “No person shall have in his possession or under his control, or deal in, dispense, sell, deliver, distribute, prescribe, traffic in, or give away, any of said drugs [opium or derivative of opium].” Grantz’ case, which is not involved in this appeal, was disposed of separately immediately prior to appellant Pinckney’s trial. Grantz pleaded guilty. Appellant Pinckney, having waived trial' by jury, then went to trial before President Judge Joseph Sloane of the court below.

The facts are as follows: In the morning of October 8, 1959, about 9:05 a.m., a detective entered Grantz’ residence at 1218 South 16th Street, Philadelphia; Grantz and appellant were found in a room in the rear of the second floor; the detective found on the ground in Grantz’ yard outside the window of this room 15 paper packages, each containing 0.6 grains of a mixture of heroin hydrochloride, quinine hydrochloride and reducing sugar; chemical analysis subsequently showed the concentration of heroin hydrochloride to be greater than one-quarter grain per ounce; also found and confiscated at the scene were a hypodermic needle containing a residue of heroin and quinine, an eye dropper, a metal bottle cap with a piece of absorbent cotton, and a bottle labeled “Eavitol,” which contained 37 Eavitol jelly caps. Both suspects were taken to the Narcotic Unit headquarters for questioning; Grantz was the first to speak; he accused Pinckney of bringing “a package” and the hypodermic needle and the eye dropper to his house and offering him a “taste” of the narcotic drugs; Grantz stated that when he refused the offer Pinckney then said he was going “to have a fix.” It was at that point, Grantz recalled, the detectives came into the room. Grantz signed a transcript of his oral statement and, when instructed by the detectives, read it aloud to Pinckney, who remained silent. Officer William Kelly testified that he entered the headquarters as Pinckney came out of the room where Grantz had just read the accusation. Pin'ckney told Kelly that Grantz had signed a statement accusing him, that he, Pinckney, was going to make a statement too. He then said, “We are both in this thing together. Why is he trying to dump all the blame on me?” About an hour after Grantz gave his statement, Pinckney made and signed a statement. He said that on the day before, Grantz bad promised bim some drugs; early that morning be went to Grantz’ borne and then went to a room on tbe second floor to get part of tbe drugs promised bim tbe day before; when Grantz bad just finished “bagging” tbe drugs, tbe officers were seen entering tbe bouse so Grantz threw tbe then packaged drugs out of tbe window.

At tbe trial Pinckney contradicted bis earlier account given to tbe police. He told Judge Sloane that be bad gone to Grantz’ borne to inquire about a job; be stated that be did not know that tbe narcotics were at tbe bouse prior to bis arrival, nor did be 'bring any narcotics or narcotic-user implements to tbe bouse; be further swore that be never made a statement to Officer Kelly in which be admitted being in any way involved with Grantz in regard to tbe drugs. Tbe trial judge found Pinckney guilty not only on the bill charging unlawful possession of drugs but also on a conspiracy charge. After dismissing motions for new trial and in arrest of judgment, tbe court .below sentenced Pinckney on tbe unlawful possession charge and suspended sentence on tbe conspiracy charge. Pinckney then appealed.

Tbe appellant’s principal contention is that tbe Commonwealth’s evidence is insufficient to find bim guilty on a possession charge since tbe arrests were made in Grantz’ bouse and tbe drugs were found in tbe yard below a window of tbe bouse and not in tbe physical possession of tbe appellant. We repeat what was said recently by Judge Wright in Com. v. Hooe, 187 Pa. Superior Ct. 330, 333, 144 A. 2d 580: “As re-stated by Mr. Chief Justice Stern in Commonwealth v. Nasuti, 385 Pa. 436, 123 A. 2d 435, tbe rule is that, in order to warrant a conviction, ‘the circumstances, proved should be such as reasonably and naturally to justify an inference of tbe guilt of tbe accused, and of such volume and quality as to overcome tbe presumption of innocence and satisfy the jury of the accused’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt’. See also Commonwealth v. Olitsky, 184 Pa. Superior Ct. 144, 133 A. 2d 238. Possession may be joint as well as several: Commonwealth v. Thurman, 167 Pa. Superior Ct. 642, 76 A. 2d 483. It involves power of control and intent to control: United States v. Curzio, 170 F. 2d 354.” Accordingly, two persons may be found to be in possession of narcotics where the circumstances, as in this case, indicate the power of control and the intent to exercise joint control over the narcotics. The offense, as defined in the act, does not require that the narcotics be found on the defendant’s person, as in the case of carrying concealed weapons. The language of the narcotics act with which we are here concerned, provides that “No person shall have in his possession or under his control . . . any of said drugs.”

The facts in the Hooe case are analogous to those in the present case. In the Hooe case, Hooe and a companion were taking flight from the police who were giving chase in another car. When the officers saw an envelope fly out of the window on the driver’s side of the escaping auto, they stopped to investigate. The envelope contained 10 packages of heroin. In spite of the fact that the evidence showed that Hooe was on the guest side of the auto, sitting next to the driver, at the time when the drugs were thrown out of the window, we held that the Commonwealth had shown sufficient circumstantial evidence from which it could be inferred that possession of the drugs had been joint. There is additional circumstantial evidence of joint possession in the instant case which was not present in the Eooe case. A hypodermic needle containing a residue of heroin, an eye dropper, a metal bottle cap and absorbent cotton were found at the scene of the arrest. These implements, which are commonly used to cook and dissolve the powdered heroin in drops of water before the solution is strained and placed in a hypodermic needle, clearly evidenced a joint intention to immediately share the drugs. Pinckney would have ■been able to use immediately a part of the drugs had not the police intervened.

In addition, Pinckney was accused by Grantz of being the one who intended to use the drugs and the one responsible' for the presence of the narcotics and the instruments in Grantz’ home. ' We also have in addition the statement by Pinckney that he and his friend were “both in this thing together.” This was an admission that .he was engaged in a joint affair relating to the drugs.

Pinckney also gave conflicting stories for his presence at Grantz’ home. His first account was made to Officer Kelly that he and Grantz were involved together with regard to the drugs. He then made a written explanation to the authorities in which he said that he came to Grantz’ home pursuant to an understanding with Grantz that they were to share the narcotics. He stated that when he arrived at Grantz’ home he went to a room on the second floor and was watching Grantz package the powdered drugs for the purpose of dividing the powder and that just as Grantz had finished this act the police arrived and Grantz threw the drugs out the window. At the trial Pinckney testified that he had gone to Grantz’ home to inquire about a job and that he did not know the narcotics were at the house prior to his arrival nor did he bring any narcotics or narcotic-user implements to the house. He also testified that he never made a statement to Officer Kelly. The fabrication of false and contradictory accounts by an accused criminal, for the sake of diverting inquiry or casting off suspicion, is a circumstance always indicatory of guilt: Com. v. Homeyer, 373 Pa. 150, 158, 94 A. 2d 743. See also Com. v. Cerzullo, 175 Pa. Superior Ct. 380, 104 A. 2d 179; Com. v. Lewis, 193 Pa. Superior Ct. 508, 165 A. 2d 98.

In our opinion the evidence produced in this case was sufficient to support the verdict.

Judgment of sentence affirmed.  