
    Matter of the Judicial Accounting of Henry T. Carey, Frederick Gore King and John C. O’Conor, as Trustees Under the Last Will and Testament of George Winthrop Thorne, Deceased.
    
      (Surrogates Court, Suffolk County,
    
    
      May, 1909.)
    Executors and administrators—Distribution and- disposal of personal estate—Computation and adjustment of interests and discharge thereof: Computation and apportionment of income: Funds, assets and securities for distribution and to pay legacies—Whaf IS INCOME.
    Trusts—The beneficiary, his estate, rights and interest—Eights of BENEFICIARY OF INCOME—WHAT IS INCOME.
    Where by the will of a testator, who at the time of his decease was the owner of one hundred shares of the common stock of a corporation, his testamentary trustees were directed to pay to a certain person an annuity from the income of his estate and make immediate-payment of the entire surplus of the income to another person, and several years after the death of the testator, under a plan to increase the capital stock of the corporation, the holders of the outstanding common stock had the right to subscribe at par, for cash, an amount of the new increased common stock equal to forty per cent, of the outstanding stock held by them, respectively; and, under an agreement by which every stockholder signing the same covenanted and agreed, but only on payment of the extra cash dividend, to so subscribe and pay for the new stock, the cash dividend so paid to be applied in payment of such subscription; and where the testamentary trustee received, under such agreement, a certificate for forty shares of the new common stock, said shares are no part of the capital of the trust fund but profits in excess of the annuity and belong to the legatee of the balance of the income, as, no matter how said stock was designated on the books of the corporation, it represented actual profits and income from its business and it was from such fund that said dividend was paid; and the mere fact that the stockholders used the dividends so received, under an agreement with the corporation, in purchase of new stock in it, did not destroy its character as an actual bona fide dividend, payable from the profits and income of the corporation’s business.
    Proceeding upon the judicial accounting of testamentary trustees.
    Gilbert M. Speir, for trustees; Evarts, Choate & Sherman, for Helene, Lady Leigh.
   Belford, S.

Under the will of the deceased, certain property is devised and bequeathed to the above-named trustees; and the income is to be disposed of as follows: “ To pay to Marie Valadier of the city of Paris, in France, the sum of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) in each and every year for and during the term of her natural life in equal quarter yearly payments, commencing from the date of my death, such payments to be made to the said Marie Valadier upon her own individual receipt without power on her part of assigning, anticipating or otherwise alienating such annuity, and upon the further trust to pay over the balance of the income of my said residuary estate to Helene Leigh, wife of the Hon. Dudley Leigh, to her own use absolutely.”

The testator had at his death, on February 1, 1904, 100 shares of the common stock of the Uiles-B'ement-Pond Company of the par value of $100 each. These shares of stock were re? ceived by the trustees and have ever since been held by them as a part of the capital of the trust estate. On or about October 1, 1906, the Uiles-Bement-Pond Company issued a state-meat to the common-stock holders of the company, which statement embodied a plan to increase the capital stock of the said company by an amount of $3,500,000, and the terms under which the then holders of the common stock could participate in this, increase. 'This statement contains the following: “ 2. That a dividend, to be known as as extra dividend, and to amount to forty ($40) dollars in cash upon each share of the common stock now outstanding, shall, upon declaration thereof by the Board of Directors, be paid and distributed, from and out of the accumulated surplus of the company, to and among the holders thereof. 3. That holders of the outstanding common stock shall have the right to subscribe, take and pay for, at par, for cash, an amount of the new and increased common stock equal to forty (40) per cent, of the outstanding common stock held by them respectively, as stated opposite their signatures hereto. Every stockholder signing this agreement covenants and agrees, but only on payment of said extra cash dividend of forty ($40) dollars per share, to so subscribe and pay for the above mentioned amount of said new common stock; and that, upon payment of the extra cash dividend above referred to, the money so paid shall be applied in payment of such, subscription.” Under, this agreement a check for $4,000, being forty per cent, on the 100 shares of the stock of this corporation held by the trustees above named, was received by the attorneys named in their proxy, who indorsed and delivered it to the corporation; and, on or about January 2-, 1907, the trustees received a certificate for forty shares of new common stock of said company of the par value of $100 each. And the question presented to the court for determination at this time is whether this is properly added to the trust estate as a part of the capital of the trust, or whether it is income and, as such, should be paid to Lady Leigh as a part of the surplus of income over and above the $10,000 provided for the annuitant, Marie Valadier.

The attorneys for the respective parties herein have presented very able and exhaustive briefs upon the question presented. As to whether or not the forty shares of stock so received by the trustees shall be considered principal or income, is dependent upon two considerations, in the main: first, what provision, if any, the testator has made for any such contingency as this; what, if anything, he has said with reference to any extra dividends upon any portion of his estate; and secondly, what is the origin of the dividend itself ? Whence does it come ? How was it regarded by those who issued it ?

As to the first of these questions it must be remarked that a careful reading of the will of Mr. Thome fails to reveal any expressed provision that might apply to anything in the nature of extra dividends upon any portion of his estate. This will simply directs that the trustees shall pay an annuity of $10,000 to Marie Valadier and that the entire surplus, whatever it may be, shall be immediately paid to Lady Leigh. That these forty shares were considered by the corporation itself to be an extra dividend, I feel constrained to hold, unless the language of paragraphs two and three of the statement issued by the company are to be taken as meaning exactly the opposite of what they say. Of course, I am aware of the rule that this court must determine for itself from all the attending circumstances whéther or not the forty shares is in the nature of an extra dividend, and that the mere dictum of the corporation itself would not of necessity be conclusive upon this court. But, where the language is so plain and so free from ambiguity as it is in this case and where the manifest purpose of the dividend was simply to furnish the holders of the common stock, at least to the extent of $2,000,000, with a fund with which they could pay for the extra issue, it seems to me that the question, under all the decisions in this Slate, admits of but one solution.

In the case of Lowry v. Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company, 172 N. Y. 137, the court lays down the rule: The transaetion, through which the property of the corporation is being distributed in the extraordinary form of a stock dividend, is to be looked into; in order that its true nature may appear and-that a determination may be reached, whether capital, or an' accumulation of profits on the capital, is being divided among the stockholders. While the corporate action may not be necessarily conclusive upon the court, with reference to the question, if it is based upon facts, and is not purely arbitrary, it will, and should, be controlling.” Row, was the action of this company arbitrary in declaring this dividend ? It would hardly seem so from the statement which they issued. It had a surplus ; it had a very large surplus. It stated that it believed that the common-stock holders were equitably entitled to a portion of this surplus, and it actually paid it in cash.

•To my mind this leaves little, if any, question as to the character of the fund in question. It is contended by the trustees that there has been no distribution and no change in substance, but only a change in form, resulting in a capitalization of surplus and a dilution of the common stock of the company, so that the 140 shares which the trustees held after the issue of the new stock was of no extra value and represented the same proportionate interest in the property of the company as the hundred shares held by the company prior to such increase. But I am not impressed by this reasoning. To me it seems quite immaterial that there may have resulted this increase in the stock by a capitalization of the income or the profits. The capital test is, has there been a distribution of income and profits, or has there been a division of capital ? Of course, the latter would not be permitted; and, if the distribution in this case was not made from the income and profits of the business, then I am at a loss, how to characterize the transaction.. It is true that this dividend was manifestly paid from that portion of the surplus income which had been reserved as working capital. But, no matter how it was designated on the books of the company, it represented actual profits and income from the business of this corporation, and it was from this fund that this dividend was paid; and the mere fact that the common-stock holders used the dividend so received, under an agreement with this company, in the purchase of new stock in the company, did not destroy its character as an actual hona fide dividend, payable from the profits and income of the business.

I, therefore, decide that the forty shares of stock received by the trustees from the Eiles-B'ement-Pond Company are not a part of the capital of the trust fund, and that they were profits in excess of the $10,000 annuity payable to Marie Valadier, and that they belong to Lady Leigh.

Decreed accordingly.  