
    Phœbe C. Fletcher, Pl’ff v. John Severs, Def't.
    
      (City Court of New York, Trial Term,
    
    
      Filed April 23, 1890.)
    
    Distribution—Between next of kin of equal degree.
    One C. died, leaving as her only next of kin the five children of a deceased sister and the son of another deceased sister. She left a will in favor of defendant, the probate of which was contested, but such contest was abandoned on payment by defendant of a certain sum. Held, that as the nephews and nieces were in equal degree to the deceased they were entitled to share equally in the fund so created and not by representation.
    Trial by the court without a jury.
    
      H. B. B. Stapler, for pl’ff; B. Metzger, for def’t.
   McAdam, Ch. J.

The action, in form on contract, is to determine and enforce the rights of the plaintiff and her sister and brother on the one hand, and those of their cousin Gurnee on the other, to a fund arising under an agreement for the settlement of a controversy with the defendant Severs as to the validity of the will of Anna Olausman, deceased, an aunt of the parties, of which will Severs was executor and beneficiary.

Anna Clansman left her surviving as' her only next of kin .Phcebe 0. Fletcher, Sally 0. Stewart, Mary Ann Townsend, John Cox, Samuel Cox, children of Effie Cox, a deceased sister of the testatrix, and Jesse Gurnee, a son of Margaret Gurnee, another deceased sister of said testatrix. The will was drawn in favor of the defendant Severs; its validity was contested by the said next of kin. They were successful in the surrogate’s court, but unsuccessful on appeal. A compromise was finally effected between the attorneys for the respective parties, by the terms of which the defendant agreed to pay to the contestants $2,000, in consideration of their withdrawing further opposition to the probate of said will, and the execution by them of general releases to the said Severs, which compromise was authorized by the contestants.

The question has arisen between the plaintiff and her brothers .and sisters as the children of one deceased sister of the testatrix on the one hand, and Jesse Gurnee, a child of another deceased sister, on the other, as to the proportion of said fund which the said Jesse Gurnee is entitled to receive, and he has refused to execute .the release called for by the agreement of settlement, on the ground that he is entitled to receive, by representation, the proportion of said fund which his mother, Margaret Gurnee, would have taken had she survived the testatrix, while the children of Effie Cox claim that Jesse Gurnee is only entitled to share equally with, them in said fund, as they are all nieces and nephews of said deceased.

' This is the question presented for determination.

It is submitted on behalf of the plaintiff that as the fund to be distributed arises from a contract, the object of which was to secure an adjudication that the will was invalid, and that, as a consequence, the maker of said will died intestate, the fund in question must be treated, so far as its distribution is concerned, as the proceeds of an intestate estate. If the contest had been successful the whole fund would have been clothed with that character. As only a part of the fund has been released from the operation of the will, the character of intestacy adheres to the portion released.

If this view be correct, it follows that the inquiry must be, what are the rights of the parties in question to the fund regarded as an intestate estate?

This question must be governed by the interpretation of those provisions of the statute of distributions relating to the rights of next of kin in an intestate estate.

By subdivision 5 of § 90 of said statute, it is provided that, “In case there be no widow, and no children, and no representative of a child, then the whole surplus shall be distributed to the next of kin in equal degree to the deceased and their legal representatives.” 5 R. S., 6th ed., p. 105.

By subdivision 9 of the same section of the' statute, it is provided as follows: “ Where the descendants or next of kin of the ■deceased entitled to share in his estate shall be all in equal degree to the deceased, their shares shall he equal."

The children of the two deceased sisters of the said deceased are all in equal degree to the deceased, that is, they are all her nieces and nephews. Says Bedfield on Surrogates: “ There is little difficulty in determining questions of distribution, except where there are no descendants and no widow. In such cases, the whole surplus is to be distributed to the next of kin in equal degree to the deceased and the legal representatives; and it frequently becomes necessary to determine who are of equal degree of consanguinity to the deceased, and how far the distribution may be made among those who are of unequal degrees of relationship to the decedent. In determining the persons who are next of kin of a decedent in equal degree, the rule of the civil and common law is to count up from either of the persons related to the common ancestor, and then down to the other person related, reckoning a degree to each person ascending and descending.” Bedfield on Surrogates, 3d ed., p. 607. Following this rule we find that nieces and nephews of a testator or intestate are all in the third degree of kindred to the deceased. Id., p. 608.

From these considerations it would seem that the defendant Grurnee is only entitled to an equal share with the other next of kin of the deceased in the fund in question.

The position that, under subdivision 11, the defendant Grurnee is by inference entitled to take the share by representation which bis mother would have taken, is untenable. The section last referred to is as follows: “No representation shall be admitted among collaterals, after brothers’ and sisters’ children.” 3 B. S., 6th ed., p. 105. The right of brothers’ and sisters’ children to succeed by representation is preserved, but subject to whatever modification may be necessary to make effective all the provisions of the statute, interpreting one so as to advance the purpose and intent of all.

If Margaret Grurnee, one of the sisters, had lived, she would, no doubt, have taken half of the whole estate, and the children of .Efiie Oox would have taken by representation the other half, and in that event the literal provisions of the statute would have read in harmony, without the aid of interpretation; but both sisters died before the decedent, and those entitled to take are all in the third degree of kindred to the deceased, and must, under the statute, share in the estate per capita and take an equal part of the fund. Hurtin v. Proal, 3 Bradf., 414, If the decedent had also left an uncle and aunt, they would have been in equal degree of relationship to her, and the estate would have been divided per capita among the uncle, aunt, nieces and nephew, and claim of title by representation would not have defeated the result. Durant v. Prestwood, 1 Atk., 454. If the next of kin had been of unequal degree, the rule as to taking by representation would have been applicable. Under the circumstances the plaintiff and the defendant Gurnee are entitled to share equally in the fund in controversy, and, therefore, the plaintiff is entitled to one-sixth part thereof, to wit, the sum of $330, of which there still remains to be paid to her the sum of $130, and for this amount she is entitled to judgment.  