
    Antjnia Rybicki and Valentina Rybicki, Landlords-Respondents, v. Abraham Kalish, Tenant-Appellant.
    (Supreme Court, Appellate Term,
    March, 1908.)
    Landlord and tenant: Nature of tenancy — Tenancies at will and at sufferance — Creation' of tenancy at will: Termination of relation — Notice — Necessity and sufficiency.
    Where, before the expiration of his lease, the tenant is told he may remain in possession, as a monthly tenant, until the tenement house department should give notice to the landlords requiring the tenant’s removal, there is an agreement for an indefinite hiring under which, the tenant is entitled to one month’s notice to quit.
    Appeal by the tenant from a final order in summary proceedings, rendered in favor of the landlords in the Municipal Court of the city of ¡New York, fourth district, boroug'h of Manhattan.
    Joseph Wilkenfeld, for appellant.
    Louis Levene, for respondents.
   Gildersleeve, J.

This is an appeal from a final order made in a summary proceeding, entered upon a verdict of a jury in favor of the landlords. The landlords based their right to dispossess the tenant upon the ground that the tenant was holding over after the expiration of the term. The notice of election to terminate the tenancy was dated and served ¡November 22, 1907, and required the tenant to move on December 1, 1907, nine days thereafter. Edward C. Rybicki, the agent of the landlords, and the person who ai*ranged the terms of the lease with the tenant, testified that the tenant had occupied the premises (basement floor) for about three years; that, on April 24, 1907, he said to the tenant: “I am informed by the Tenement House Department * * * that it is serving notices on all landlords who have basements in the houses and in the rear in which people occupy rooms * * * that owing to the largeness of his family * * * and the lack of ventilation in the store, the agent warned me that I would in time be served with a notice compelling said tenant to vacate those rooms. * * * hereafter, from the first of May, you will be recognized as you always have been, as a monthly tenant, -and you can live here as long as the Tenement House Department does not bother us.” Again, on cross-examination, the same witness said: “ I told the tenant that he could remain in those premises until I received notice from the Tenement House Department.” At the close of the landlords’ case, and also at the close of the entire case, the counsel for the tenant moved to dismiss the petition upon several grounds, among which was the following: — “ that it appears from the evidence of the landlord’s agent that the hiring, or alleged agreement which was made on April 24th, was not an agreement for the term of one month, as set‘forth in the petition, but was an agreement for an indefinite hiring.” The motions were denied .and exceptions duly taken. Tenant’s counsel requested the court to charge the jury as follows: “ If the jury believe that, on April 24th, the landlords’ agent said, you can remain in those premises for one month or until such time that I receive a notice from the Tenement House Department, and that you are then to vacate,’ that this is an agreement for an indefinite term, and that the'jury should render a verdict in favor of the tenant.” And again: “ That under the law of this State, if the agreement was made for any indefinite term or until the occurrence of a certain event, that there must be a verdict for the tenant.” Each of these requests was refused and exception taken. The foregoing propositions, urged upon the learned- court by the tenant’s counsel, correctly stated the law applicable to the case; and the rulings constitute error requiring reversal. The testimony offered by the landlords in support of the petition showed a letting for an indefinite term; and, therefore, a question of law was presented for the determination of the court; and, under the well settled law of this State, the court should have dismissed the petition. Hpon the facts established, the notice to terminate the tenancy was not a sufficient notice. The tenant was entitled to a month’s notice. Hoffman v. Van Allen, 3 Misc. Rep. 99; Hungerford v. Wagoner, 5 App. Div. 590; Klingenstein v. Goldwasser, 27 Misc. Rep. 536; McAdam Landl. & Ten. (3d ed.) 96. In the Klingenstein case, Mr. Justice Freedman, writing for this court, said: “ He testifies that his mother would rent the premises in no other way than from month to month, and that she said the tenant could have the premises ‘ as long as he paid the rent or until we sell out.’ * * * All the

testimony, therefore, substantially agrees that the tenancy in the case at bar was for an indefinite term. That being the case, the tenant was entitled to retain possession so long as he paid his rent, or until he received one month’s notice to quit.”

The final order should he reversed, with costs to the appellant.

Bischoff and MacLeaet, JJ., concur.

Final order reversed, with costs to appellants.  