
    Anthony Lamb, as Administrator, etc., of William C. Easley, Deceased, Respondent, v. The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company, Appellant.
    
      Freedom from contributory negligence—what evidence does not establish it—erroneous charge as to gates and a flagman at a railroad crossing.
    
    Evidence that a person who drove at nine o’clock at night over a four-track railroad crossing, at which the-gates were raised and no flagman was present, upon his return to the crossing near midnight was detained there more than thirty-minutes by a freight train standing upon the track nearest to him, and when this train had gone drove on, and upon the farthest track was killed by an express train which approached from a direction in which there was an unobstructed view for several hundred feet of the engine which had its headlight burning and of which there was affirmative proof that both the whistle and bell were sounded, is insufficient to establish the fact that the decedent was free from contributory negligence.
    In view of the fact that the gates were never operated nor a flagman on duty at night, and that the decedent had had ample opportunity to know that fact upon the night of the accident, it was erroneous for the court to instruct the jury ■ that they might take into consideration the effect, upon the conduct of the deceased, of the fact that the gates were operated and a flagman stationed at the crossing during the day.
    Appeal by the defendant, The New York Central and. Hudson River Railroad Company, from a judgment of the Supreme Court ip favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Onondaga on the 29th day of April, 1896, upon the verdict of a jury, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 23d day .of April, 1896, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      Fra/nk Iliscoek, for the appellant.
    
      John W. Hogam, for the respondent.
   Follett, J.:

This action was begun January 25, 1895, to recover damages under section 1902 of the Code of Civil Procedure for the alleged negligent killing of the plaintiff’s intestate.

The decedent was twenty-six years old and a resident of the State of Texas, having a wife and one child. He left his family October 9, 1892, and was not heard of afterwards by them Until after he was killed. It appears that he went almost immediately to the Ea Concha,. an apartment and Turkish bath house in the city óf Syracuse, where he stayed under the assumed name of Louis W. Lee. After nine o’clock of the night, of the accident, February. 3, 1895, he left this house, in an open cutter drawn by one horse," with two young women,, who were employees or inmates of the establishment. He drove westerly on the Baldwinsville highway, crossing the railroad at a place where the accident- subsequently, occurred, and stopped at a road house, where he drank with his companions two or three times, and one of them becoming ill was left at the house, and the- decedent, with the other, started after eleven o’clock to return to the city of Syracuse by the same road by which they left the city.

The accident occurred at the crossing, which will now be described. The four tracks of the defendant cross this highway, and are numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4, No. 1 being the south track and No. 4 the north, track. The distance from the north rail of track 4 to the south rail of track 1 is about eighty-five feet. North of the four main tracks and west of the highway is a side track branching from track 4, but it does not cross nor extend eastward' of the highway. North of the defendant’s tracks are the two tracks of the West Shore railway, which also cross this highway, the south rail of the south track of the West Shore railway being about seventydive feet north of the north rail of defendant’s north track — No. 4. The tracks of these railroads are on embankments raised from eight to twelve feet abové the natural surface of the ground; and travelers on the. highway approaching the crossing have an uninterrupted view of the tracks of both roads for several hundred feet east and west, except as interrupted by trains or cars standing or passing on the tracks. At the crossing over defendant’s tracks are gates which, during the daytime, are lowered and closed by a watchman on the approach of trains; but during the night they are raised and fastened open, and they were open when the decedent and his companions crossed the tracks shortly after nine o’clock of the night of the collision. At the time of the accident eight or ten cars stood on the side track west of the highway.

Near midnight, the witnesses do not quite agree as. to the hour, the decedent, accompanied by one of the women and riding in a. cutter, approached this crossing from the north. They crossed the tracks of the West Shore railway, and as they reached the north track, No. 4, of defendant’s road, they found the crossing obstructed by an east-bound freight train standing on track 4, which had- stopped to cool a heated journal. The decedent and his companion were delayed by this freight train from thirty to forty-five minutes. How far north of the train the horse and cutter stopped does not exactly appear, but near enough to it so that the . employees thereon and the decedent engaged in conversation. When the heated journal had been cooled and the damages repaired the freight train started eastward, and as it passed over the highway the decedent drove onwards, south, and collided with the Cincinnati express, No. 12, running east at the rate of forty to forty-five miles per hour on defendant’s south, No. 1, track and was killed.

It is alleged in the complaint that the defendant was guilty of negligence in the following respects: (1) That the train was running “ over forty miles per hour ; ” (2) that decedent’s view of defendant’s tracks west of the highway was interrupted by cars; (3) that the gates erected at the crossing were not closed ; (4) that the flagman was not on duty at the crossing at the time of the accident; (5) that no signal by bell or by whistle was given of the approach of the Cincinnati express.

The rate of speed of this express passenger train was not unusual or excessive, and it was not negligent to run at that rate of speed in the open country.

Before decedent started his horse the freight train started east and it could not have obstructed his view to the west; and the evidence shows that decedent’s view of defendant’s tracks west of the highway was not interrupted by the eight or ten cars standing on the side track, for they must have been northwest of the place where he stopped his horse and stood from half to three-quarters of an hour.

The decedent knew from his observation during his enforced stay at this crossing, and also from having previously crossed at this place a few hours before, that the gates were not operated, or a flagman on duty during the night time.

Whether the bell was rung and the whistle sounded was hardly an issue of fact upon the testimony. The only witness who testified in behalf of the plaintiff on this question was the companion of the decedent, who said on her direct examination that she heard ho signal by bell or whistle, and that all she heard was the sound of the freight train passing eastward. This witness before the trial had made a written statement of the occurrences at the time of the accident, in which she said : “ The headlight was lighted. I can’t say whether the bell was rung or not, or whether or not the whistle was blown. All I can say is I did not hear them; did not hear either; that is all I can say with reference to them. I donlt remember looking to the westward or to the right before we were struck. I did not see Easley look that .way while we stood there, or before we -were struck. I-was so anxious to get home that I did not think of anything except getting across.” ■

The examination and cross-examination of this witness, read in connection with this statement, is to the effect that she could not tell whether the bell was rung or the whistle sounded. The engineer and fireman on the Cincinnati express testified that the whistle was sounded about 2,000 feet west of the crossing, and that the bell was rung when the train approached and crossed the highway. A brakeman employed on the freight train testified that he heard the whistle and bell on the Cincinnati express, and that he notified the decedent and his companion that the exjness was coming. The. woman denied that they were notified of the approach of that-train. The woman testified that the headlight on the locomotive was burning.

It seems to me that the plaintiff failed to show that the decedent was free from negligence which contributed to the accident ;■ and more, that the evidence shows that he did not exercise ordinary care in attempting to' cross the track.

Again, the learned trial judge in submitting the case to the jury instructed them, as bearing upon the contributory negligence of the decedent, that they might' take into consideration the fact that during the daytime this crossing was protected by a watchman whose duty it was to operate the gates, but -during the night time it was not so protected. In this connection it was charged: “ In this regard, gentlemen, as to whether the decedent exercised reasonable care and prudence for his own safety while approaching and passing over this crossing, you. have a right- to consider the fact that gates were operated there during the day, and a flagman stationed there during the day, and at night both of .'these methods of warning were taken away; and you are to consider what effect, if any, those facts, the fact of the stationing of a flagman there' during the day,. and the fact of gates being operated during the day, had upon the mind of this decedent in inducing him to rely upon the idea that they were there upon the night in question. Was he thereby, by the act of the defendant, deceived into reliance upon their being present on the night in question ? And was he thereby induced to lessen the vigilance which he otherwise would have exercised in looking up and down the track for the purpose of discovering any approaching train? Was he, under the circumstances, induced by the non-appearance of the flagman, and by the gates being raised, to believe that there was no danger to be apprehended and that the track was clear ? ”

To this instruction the defendant excepted. The evidence did not justify the submission of this question to the jury. It was shown and not disputed that it had been the custom for some time to keep a flagman at this crossing and operate the gates during the daytime, but never during the night, time. It is also an undisputed fact that the decedent and his companions drove over this crossing on the night in question during their outward trip from the city, and that when they crossed the gates were not operated and that no flagman was there. The evidence given in behalf of the plaintiff is that for at least a half hour preceding the accident the decedent and one of his companions had been detained at this crossing, and he had ample opportunity for knowing that a flagman was not there and that the gates were not operated. He could not have been lulled into security by the fact that gates were there, which were then fastened in an upright position.

It was error to submit this question to the jury as bearing upon the issue of the contributory negligence of the decedent.

The judgment and order should be reversed and a new trial granted, with costs to abide the event.

All concurred.

Ward, J.:

I concur upon the question that it was error in the trial court to allow the jury to consider the omission of the defendant to maintain the gates with-a watchman at night the same as in the daytime, upon the question of contributory negligence.

Judgment and order reversed and new trial ordered, with costs to abide the event.  