
    WORLEY v. STATE.
    (No. 6290.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    May 25, 1921.)
    1. Assault and battery <®=54 — Homicide <©=8 —Automobile law held not to change law of homicide, but to add to law of aggravated assault.
    The purpose of' Vernon’s Ann. Pen. Code Supp. 1918, art. 1022a, being the Automobile Law of 1917, held not to be to change the law of homicide, but to add a new clause to the law of aggravated assault.
    2. Homicide «5=134— Indictment for negligent homicide by use of automobile must charge all essential elements of offense.
    In charging negligent homicide, through the driving of an automobile, the particular act relied upon should be set up, and it should appear from the indictment that all the elements of the offense charged exist, among which is that declared in Pen. Code 1911, art. 1116, relating to apparent danger, and also that declared in article 1119, relating to apparent intention to kill.
    2. Homicide <©= 134 — Indictment for negligent homicide by use of automobile held insufficient.
    In a prosecution for negligent homicide by use of an automobile, an indictment omitting the element of apparent danger required by Pen. Code 1911, art. 1116, and being deficient in describing the act relied on, held insufficient.
    Appeal from Young County Court; W. H. Beeves, Judge.
    J. A. Worley was convicted of negligent homicide, and he appeals.
    Beversed, and cause dismissed.
    Marshall & King, of Graham, and Kay, Akin. & Kenley, of Wichita Falls, for appellant.
    B. H. Hamilton, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
   MOBBOW, P. J.

Appellant was convicted for the offense of negligent homicide.

We quote the indictment, .omitting the formal part:

“One J. D. Worley did then and there unlawfully operate a motor vehicle, to wit, an automobile upon a public highway of the state of Texas, to wit, a public street of the city of Graham, Young county, Tex., and did then and there while so operating said motor vehicle, willfully, and with gross negligence, collide with and injure another person, to wit, Baxter Harley, the said Baxter Harley being then and there a pedestrian upon such highway, which said injuries did then and there result in the death of the said Baxter Harley, against the peace and dignity of the state,” etc.

In Automobile Law of 1917, § 35 (article 1022a of Vernon’s Ann. Penal Code Supp. 1918), we find the following:

“If any driver or operator of a motor vehi-Qle or motorcycle upon the public highways of this state shall willfully or with gross negligence, collide with, or cause injury to any other person upon such highway, he shall be held guilty of aggravated assault, and shall be punished accordingly, unless such injuries result in death, in which event said party so offending shall be dealt with under the general law of homicide.”

It was not the purpose or effect of this statute to change the law of homicide, but the object was to add a new clause to the law of aggravated assault. The various elements of the law of homicide are contained in the Code:

Negligent homicide is “such as happens in the performance of a lawful act,” and such as “occurs in the performance of an unlawful act.” Penal Code, art. 1113.
One who, “in the performance of a lawful act, shall, by negligence and carelessness, cause the death of another, * * * is guilty of negligent homicide of the first degree.” Penal Code, art. 1114.
“To constitute this offense, there must be an apparent danger of causing" the death of the person killed, or some other.” Penal Code, art 1116.
“To bring the offense within the definition of homicide by negligence, either of the first or second degree, there must be no apparent intention to kill.” Penal Code, art 1119.

JDoubtless one, by the use of an automobile, might commit homicide of any degree, depending upon the facts in each particular case. In charging negligent homicide the particular act relied upon by the state should be set out, and it should appear from the indictment that all the elements of the offense charged exist. Among these is that declared in article 1116 that—

“To constitute this offense, there must be an apparent danger of causing the death of the person killed, or some other”; and “to bring the offense within the definition of homicide by negligence, either of the first or second degree, there must be no apparent intention to kill.” Article 1119.

From these we understand that it is necessary that the state allege and prove that the danger was apparent to the accused (Talbot v. State, 58 Tex. Cr. R. 324, 125 S. W. 906), and that he, either in the commission, of the unlawful act such as is described in the statute or through negligence, caused the injury. Forms coinciding with these views have been long in use. See Willson’s Crim. Forms, edition of 1896, forms 385 and 386.

Tire indictment before us omits entirely tbe statutory element of apparent danger and is deficient in describing the act relied upon. Prima facie it is not unlawful to operate a motor vehicle upon a public highway. If in this instance an unlawful operation was intended, the facts making the operation unlawful should have been alleged. If it should be intended to charge that the act of operating the automobile was lawful, but performed in a negligent manner, corresponding averments should be embraced in the indictment.

For the reasons stated, the judgment of the trial court is reversed, and the cause dismissed. 
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