
    Supreme Court—General Term—First Department.
    December 18, 1895.
    PEOPLE v. JAMES HUGHES.
    (71 S. R. 523.)
    1'. Larceny—False pretenses.
    If the owner of property, by trick or device, has been induced to part with the possession thereof; intending- to transfer an interest therein or the title thereto, a criminal appropriation of such property will not he a common law larceny, but the crime of obtaining goods by false pretenses.
    
      2. Same.
    To constitute a common law larceny, it is not necessary that the property stolen should be taken from the possession of the owner by trespass; if a person obtains possession of the property from the owner for a special purpose, by some trick, device, artifice, fraud or false pretenses, intending to aijpropriate it to his ■ own use and not to the special purpose for which he received it, he is guilty of larceny.
    S. Same—Evidence—Similar frauds.
    Upon the trial of an indictment for larceny, evidence in regard to similar frauds which had been perpetrated upon other persons whom the defendant had succeeded in making his victims, is compe- . tent upon the question of intent.
    
      
      4. Appeal—Exceptions.
    The court, in the interests of justice, even where no exception is taken, has the right to reverse for errors in the conduct of the trial. i
    5. Same.
    But the court will not reverse, even though such errors appear, where it is satisfied of the guilt of the defendant.
    ‘S Same—Charge.
    A refusal to charge the request that, if the court find that the plaintiff and the defendant were legal partners in business, it would not be a crime even though there was an intention to steal upon the part of the defendant, is not error.
    Appeal from a judgment convicting defendant of grand larceny in the second degree. 1
    Hugh O. Pentecost, for appellants.
    John D. Lindsay, for respondent.
   VAN BRUNT, P. J.

The defendant was charged with stealing $275 from one Frederick Challacomb. It appeared upon the trial that the complainant answered an advertisement which appeared in the New York World, stating the he was looking for a place of business to go in of the kind referred to In the advertisement, and that he had $300 which he was willing to put up with an honest man. On the 20th of February the defendant called upon the complainant at his house in Elizabethport, N. J., introducing himself as the writer of the advertisement, and explaining that he had called in answer to the complainant’s letter. The defendant told the complainant that he was in the produce business, and that he was making from $25 to $50 a week, and that he wanted an honest man for a partner, who would put up $300; that he wanted a working man, who was not afraid of work. After talking the matter over, and learning that "the complainant had the necessary amount in the bank, it was arranged that the complainant should meet the defendant at the foot of Liberty street the following morning at half past nine o’clock, and the defendant told complainant to have his bank book with him, in ease they should find a place suited to them, so that they would have the necessary funds to go on with the business. They met as-agreed, and at the defendant’s suggestion they went to look at stores. After looking at places in the neighborhood of Gansevoort Market, which the defendant said did not suit him, they went down to a man on the dock, and bargained about some potatoes, but the defendant pretended to find the price too dear. The defendant then told the complainant that he must have some references, and took him to his home at No. 365 West Thirty-fifth street, where he introduced him to his mother, who told the complainant that her son was an industrious boy, and had formerly been in business with his father, that she would like to see him go into business with an honest man, and that she liked the complainant’s appearance well. At the defendant’s suggestion, the complainant then went over to Williams-burgh, drew out his $300 in cash from the bank, and, returning to the city, met the defendant in the World building at two o’clock. He found him there in company with a man named, Anhalt. The three went together to the office of a lawyer, where a copartnership agreement in the usual form was drawn up,, by which the defendant and the complainant agreed to become copartners in business as produce commission merchants under the firm name of Hughes & Cballaeomb, and that each should contribute the sum of $300 to the business. The defendant told the complainant then that he had been buying and selling potatoes, and that he had lots of customers, and said that he must have two hundred barrels of potatoes that night, to-be delivered the next morning. He said, “Let us go down to the docks, and see how we can buy some potatoes, because I must have them t-o-nigh't.” This was about three o’clock in the afternoon. They went down to the dock, and found the market closed. The defendant then said: “I must -have those potatoes to-night. Come along Washington street.” They went along Washington street, and into Kelly & Powers’ store, and asked for potatoes. After bargaining there for some time,- they left the store, the defendant saying he would go along further, and see if he could not do better. From there the parties went to a saloon, where the defendant said he wanted to buy oranges and apples, as well as potatoes, and figured up the cost at about $475. The defendant said he had no ready money, but he produced a check on the West Bide Bank for $325, which he placed on the desk, and said to the complainant, “You have three hundred dollars, haven’t you?” The complainant said he had. The defendant said he thought they could not do better than buy the potatoes at Kelly’s, and that they would go right back and buy them. Thereupon, at defendant’s request, the complainant gave him his $300 in bills, and the defendant gave the complainant $25 in small bills for “necessaries,” and they went back to Kelly & Powers’ place together. They saw the salesman, and endeavored to induce him to take a lower price, but, not succeeding, agreed to purchase twenty-five barrels at $2 a barrel. The defendant tendered in payment one of the complainant’s $100 bills, but no change could be obtained, so it was agreed that the purchase should stand over until the morning, and the complainant deposited a $5 bill to bind the bargain. Upon leaving the • place, the defendant said to complainant, “We will go down, and see if we can get some oranges.” The complainant agreed to this, whereupon the defendant said, “I guess it is too late to do any business now to-night.” The complainant then said to the defendant: “You have got two hundred and seventy-five dollars in your pocket, and ain’t going to do any business? You haven’t paid anything. I shall not trust you. You haven’t put up any money.” The defendant replied, “Why, here is my check on the West Side Bank. You must trust me, because I am trusting you. I am trusting my name to you.” The complainant answered that his name didn’t amount to that, and that he wanted his money back. The defendant told him he couldn’t get it back. The complainant said: “I don’t want to trust you at all. I don’t intend to trust you.” The defendant said he would have to trust him until the next morning, when he would meet 'him at Kelly & Powers’ to complete the bargain, and that meanwhile he would keep the money. Naturally, the defendant failed to appear the next morning, and, after waiting for three hours, the complainant went home, where he found a telegram from the defendant, saying that he would be at the appointed place at two > o’clock on the 23d. He did not appear on the 23d; and on the 24th, when the complainant was at the same place, he saw the defendant passing by. He stopped him, and said: “Now, look here, where is my money? You are a swindler. I found out you swindled a man eight days before this out of two hundred and fifty dollars. Give me my money back, or go in there and buy that stuff.” Tfli-e defendant said: “I will do neither. I am going home.” The complainant followed him to the corner of Thirty-fifth street and Ninth. avenue, where he saw a police officer, to whom he said in the defendant’s presence: “Officer, I want this man arrested. He swindled me out of two-hundred and seventy-five dollars.” The defendant started away, and wa-s going up the stoop of his house, when the complainant overtook him, and seized him by the coat tails. Thereupon the defendant’s father and two- other men set upon-, the complainant, and the defendant escaped. When the officer arrived, there was no trace of him, and the complainant never saw him again till after his arrest upon a charge of swindling another man in a similar transaction. Upon this state of the evidence the jury very 'properly convicted -the defendant of larceny as charged in the indictment. From the judgment thereupon entered this appeal is taken.

The principal ground of the appeal seems to- be -that the evidence did not justify the conviction of the defendant of larceny at common law, although he might have -been convicted of obtaining money by false pretenses, which, under our statute, has been made larceny, but which requires a special count in order to sustain a conviction. It has been held, and the rule undoubtedly obtains, that if the owner of property, by trick or device, has- been induced to part with the possession thereof, intending to transfer an interest therein or the title thereto, then a criminal appropriation of such property will not be a common-law larceny, but the crime of obtaining goods by false pretenses. People v. Dumar, 106 N. Y. 502; 11 St. Rep. 19. It is also equally well settled that to constitute a common-law larceny it is not necessary that the property stolen should be taken from the possession of the owner by a trespass; but, if a person obtains possession of the property from the owner for a special purpose, by some trick, device, artifice, fraud, or false-pretense, intending to appropriate it to his own use, and not to the special purpose for which he received it, he is guilty of larceny, and so it has been repeatedly held, People v. Laurence, 137 N. Y. 517, 522; 51 St. Rep. 286; the distinction between tihe two cases being that the owner of the property stolen in the case last cited did not part with the possession of it with, the intent of conferring a title to the property upon the party charged with the larceny. In the first case the intent of the owner was to clothe the parity with the title; in the second, the owner only gave him possession, noit intending to clothe him with the title, but to use for a specific purpose. It is urged upon the part of the defendant that the evidence established as matter of law the fact that the complainant intended to contribute the money in question as his share of the copartnership fund, and to clothe the defendant with -the title thereto as his copartner. It seems to us, upon a consideration of this evidence that the jury had a right to find, and did properly find, that there was no intention upon the part of the -complainant to clothe the defendant with the title to this property, but that it was given to him for the purpose of purchasing merchandise, and that it was obtained from the complainant for that purpose, and that there was no intention whatever to contribute this money as part of the copartnership capital until the defendant -had paid in his promised contribution. It is clear that his check was not accepted a® such, and that after the refusal of the defendant to purchase the merchandise which he had been talking about, he was viewed with suspicion, and there was no-intention whatever upon the part of the complainant to make an absolute contribution of this money as -copartnership capital, until the defendant complied with his part of the agreement. The money was handed over to the defendant for him to invest in merchandise. Instead of that, he ran away with it; and it would appear, under all the rules applicable to cases of this description, that his conviction was entirely proper.

It is further urged that error was committed in admitting evidence in regard to similar frauds which had been perpetrated upon other persons whom tie had succeeded in making his victims. This evidence seems to have been entirely competent upon the question of intent, which was a necessary ingredient of the crime with which be had been charged.

.Various criticisms are also passed upon the charge of the learned judge who presided art; the trial, most of which were not brought to the attention of the court in any respect at the trial. It is undoubtedly true that the court, in the interests of justice, even where no exception is taken, has the right to reverse for errors in the conduct of the trial. But the court will not encourage the practice of counsel not calling the attention of the trial court to alleged errors committed during the progress of the trial when they could he corrected; and will not reverse, even if such errors appear, where they are satisfied of the guilt of the defendant. There seems to be no reason, toi doubt that the verdict of the jury in the case at bar was entirely in harmony with the interests of justice. The court was requested to charge that, if the jury found that Challacomb and the defendant were legal partners in business, even, if there was an intention to steal upon the part of the defendant, it would mot he a crime. The court refused to charge this proposition, and an exception was taken. It seems to be a novel proposition -that, because two men are partners, neither of them, has any rights of property in his individual possessions,—'which is the logical application of the proposition requested to be charged. This illustration shows the fallacy of the request.

The judgment should be affirmed.

i

NOTE ON “FALSE PRETENSES.”

In the Code, there is no such crime as obtaining goods under false pretenses. People v. Jeffery, 38 S. R. 313; 14 Supp. 839.

Where complainant does not intend to part with title, but only with possession, indictment and conviction, under first clause of subd. 1, section 528 of Penal" Code, are proper. People v. Evans, 69 Hun, 226; 53 S. R. 591, 594; 23 Supp. 717; People v. Laurence, 70 Hun, 80; 53 S. R. 536; 23 Supp. 1095. People v. Hughes, 71 S. R. 523; People v. Laurence, 137 N. Y. 515; People v. Dumar, 106 id. 507; 11 S. R. 19.

Where he intends to part with both title and possession, the indictment must he drawn, and conviction had, under balance of subd. 1 of

said section. People v. Evans, 69 Hun, 226; 53 S. R. 591, 594; 23 Supp. 717; People v. Hughes, 71 S. R. 523; People v. Gottschalk, 49 id. 728; People v. Dumar, 106 N. Y. 507; 11 S. R. 19.  