
    The People of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Peter Garrahan, Appellant.
    
      Gh'and larceny—obtaining money by false representations—proof of dmilwr fraud-. ulent acts of the prisoner—exclusion of the prospectus of a corpomtion claimed to contradict the representations.
    
    Where an indictment charges the prisoner with the crime of grand larceny in having obtained money from the complainant, an Italian, hy means of false representations in alleging that a large and solvent foreign corporation had been created, and that, if the complainant took a certain amount of stock in it, he would he guaranteed work for a long period, the People may show that, pursuant to the instructions of the prisoner, who after the purchase employed the complainant as' his agent, the latter shortly afterwards made to other Italians substantially the same statements as to the financial condition of the alleged corporation and thereby induced them to buy other shares of the stock. Such evidence is competent within the rule that transactions of a similar nature, when sufficiently connected in point of time and character, are admissible as bearing upon the question of the fraudulent intent of the prisoner.
    Where the court refuses to admit in evidence a prospectus of the foreign corporation issued by the prisoner and delivered to the complainant before he purchased the stock, but which, being in English, a.language not understood by the complainant, was not read by him, and of whose contents he was not shown to have had knowledge, as evidence that the complainant must have known that the statements alleged to have been made to him by the prisoner were false, such prospectus not being in the record on appeal and, with the exception of some statements made in respect to its contents, being unknown to the appellate court, that court cannot say that any substantial rights of the prisoner were affected by its exclusion.
    Appeal by the defendant, Peter Garrahan, from a judgment of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace in and for the city of Hew York, rendered on the 31st day of July, 1895, convicting him of the crime of grand larceny in the second degree.
    
      
      George C. Austin and Abraham Gruber, for the appellant.
    
      John D. Lindsay, for the respondent.
   Williams., J.:

The indictment charged the defendant and one Parodi with having, on the loth of December, 1894, at the city óf New York, feloniously obtained from one Giallorenzo thirty ■ dollars by means of false and fraudulent representations, to wit: That a corporation, called “ Maryland Progressive Improvement Company,” of which the defendant was president, had' been organized under- the laws of Maryland¡that the corporation. owned 40,000 acres of land on the shores-of-Chesapeake bay and Patuxent river, county of St, Marys, '. Maryland; that the Capital stock of said corporation had been paid up to the amount of $1,000,000; that the corporation was solvent, had completed plans for the building of a city on the lands, required the services of a large number of laborers in order to begin the work of building the city, and' that the defendants were authorized by the corporation to hire such laborers. One Alfenito.accompanied the complainant as interpreter when he went to talk with the defendant about December 15, -1894, in Mott; street,. New York, the defendant speaking. English- and the complainant Jtalian. The complainant was a banker and the People claimed that he was told by the defendant' substantially what was charged in the indictment, and also that every one who bought one share of the stock for three dollars would get five years’ work .guaranteed .him, and that the complainant . could buy as many shares as- he wanted, .and defendant would give : him a commission on the sales. Complainant said he wanted to send some of his friends to work on the company’s lands, and bought ten shares of stock, for which he paid defendant thirty dollars. •

There was dispute as to whether these statements were made, but there was no serious claim that the statements, if made, were true. All the questions of fact in' the- case were submitted to and determined by the jury, and the evidence was. sufficient to support such-determination. The defendant was clearly guilty of the offense charged against him, and the only questions calling fof considera- • .tion here are those arising upon exceptions taken by the defendant during the trial. ' The Code of ■ Criminal Procedure (§ 542) requires us to give our judgment upon appeal, without regard to technical errors or defects, or to exceptions which do not affect the substantial rights of the parties; and we are, therefore, to examine this record with a view to determine whether any substantial rights of the defendant have-been affected so as to call for a reversal of the judgment and the granting of a new trial.

One question raised by the defendant is, that the court erred in permitting the People to show by the complaint that pursuant to instructions by the defendant he, the complainant, told other Italians that the corporation was very solid, was incorporated, and owned 40,000 acres of land in Maryland, and that $4,000,000 had been paid upon it. After the purchase by the complainant from the defendan t of the ten shares of stock and the payment of the $30,'the defendant employed the complainant as agent to sell shares to other Italians, and, pursuant to this employment, complainant did sell 300 shares of the stock, and it was to the Italians to whom he sold these shares that he made these statements sworn to. The court admitted the evi7 dence as bearing upon the question of fraudulent intent, the transaction being of a similar nature to the transaction of the sale by defendant to complainant of the ten shares charged in the indictment. It seems to us that this evidence was properly admitted under the rule laid down in Mayer v. People (80 N. Y. 376), “that when the representations, their falsity and the knowledge of the accused that they were false is established by competent testimony, the allegation that they were made with intent to defraud may be supported by proof of dealings of the accused with parties other than the complainant, which tend to show a fraudulent scheme to obtain property by devices similar to those practiced upon him, provided the dealings are sufficiently connected in point of time and character to authorize an inference that the purchase from the complainant was made in pursuance of the same general' purpose.” This rule of evidence is applied in civil actions where the like issue is involved and the rules of evidence in civil and criminal cases are ordinarily the same. (Code Grim. Proc. § 392.) All these transactions were about the same time, and the admission of this evidence was, therefore, proper.

Another question raised by the defendant' is that the court erred in refusing to admit in evidence a prospectus issued by the defendant in the summer of 1894 with reference to the Maryland corporation-property. The prospectus was' in English,-and the complainant could not read English, and it was not made to appear that he ever knew what the contents of the-próspectus were. ' The defendant gave evidence tending to show that the prospectus was delivered to the complainant before he purchased the ten shares of stock, -and that he received and kept the samé; and the prospectus, was offered in evidence for the purpose of showing that its contents showed that the statements claimed to have been made by defendant to complainant were not true, and that the complainant had knowledge of such falsity before 'he purchased the ten shares of stock and paid • the defendant the thirty,dollars.; The,defendant volunteered -some statements as. to what the prospectus contained, and. then the. court read some statements from the prospectus and questioned the defendant with reference thereto. The statements in the prospectus, as far . as they were stated or read by the court, were before the jury and - are in the record. The other statements in the prospectus -were not before .the jury and are not in the record, and we have no méans of determining whether they were important in -the case, or. whether, if they- had been beforé the. jury, they would have aided the defendant in his defense. The defendant failed to call the attention of the court to any statements in the prospectus aside from those that were made before the jury and which he claimed were material to the defense.. On the argument, the defendant’s counsel ■ referred to somé statements in the prospectus which he claimed Were important, but the record does not disclose that the prospéctus. contained any such statements. In this condition of the record we cannot say that any substantial rights of the defendant were affected by. the exclusion of this prospectus so as to call for a reversal óf this judgment.' '

Another question raised.by the defendant is that the- court efred in the exclusion of the evidence of the witness Yenne as to the conversation between the complainant and the defendant, wherein Parodi acted as interpreter. .The complainant spoke only Italian, the defendant only English ; the interpreter spoke both languages ; the witness, could only understand English. The conversation was about the middle of January, 1895. The" defendant desired to prove that the interpreter then introduced the defendant and the' complainant to each other, so that the inference would be that the parties had never met before. The defendant claimed they had never met before, while the complainant claimed they had met before, and that the transaction alleged in the indictment took place about the middle of December, 189é. The defendant had already given his version of the conversation, and the interpreter gave his version after this witness left the stand, wherein he substantially corroborated the defendant as to the introduction of the parties. The complainant did not contradict the evidence as to this introduction. Whether such an introduction as was sworn to, in view of the subsequent conversation that took place, tended to contradict the one or the other of the parties, the defendant or the' complainant, was a question for the jury. The introduction itself seems to have been established as a fact, and not to have been seriously controverted. We see no reason why the witness Tenne should have been permitted to testify to the English when she could not testify to the Italian used in the conversation. The English .was used entirely by the defendant and. the interpreter, all the complainant’s talk was in Italian, and he could not understand the English. The object of the proof was to contradict the complainant; to show by what he said and understood that he was being introduced to the, defendant as though a stranger. This witness’ evidence could not aid the defendant at all in showing this fact. We fail to see how the exclusion of her evidence as to the English portion of the conversation could have prejudiced the defendant’s case in any way. There was an effort later to impeach the interpreter as a witness by showing by the witness Tenne what he said, but this was not permissible.

We have examined the other questions raised in the course of the trial with reference to the rejection and admission of evidence, but do not deem it necessary to refer to them in detail.

It is also contended by the defendant that there were errors committed by the court in its charge to the jury and in response to requests made. We have carefully examined the charge itself and the responses of the court to the requests. We are of the opinion that the charge was entirely fair and impartial and a very clear statement of the principles of law applicable to the case, and that no errors were committed in. the body of the charge, or in response to the requests, which affected the substantial rights of the defendant so as to call for a reversal of the judgment. We do- not deem it necessary, to consider these, in detail. •

Our conclusion is that the judgment should be affirmed.

Rumsey, Patterson and Parker, JJ., concurred; Ingraham, J., concurred in result.'

judgment affirmed.  