
    Charles W. Waldron, Respondent, v. Isaac C. Hendrickson, Appellant.
    
      Master and servant—an action for a breach of a contract of employment, brought before the expiration of the agreed term, is a bar to another action brought after its expiration—what complaint states a cause of action for a breach.
    
    An employee, wrongfully discharged, who, before the expiration of his term of employment, brings an action for the breach of the contract and recovers, as damages, his wages up to the time of the commencement of the action, thereby exhausts his remedy, against the employer, for the recovery of damages incident to the breach, and he cannot, after the expiration of his term of employment, bring another action against his employer for the breach of the contract and recover therein, as damages, his wages from the time of his discharge to the time of the expiration of his term- of employment, less the amount which he recovered in the former action.
    "When the complaint in an action by the employee against the employer alleges a cause of action for a breach of the contract of employment, considered.
    Appeal by the defendant, Isaac 0. Hendrickson, from a judgment of the Municipal Court of the city of New York for the third -district of the borough of Queens in favor of the plaintiff.
    
      
      Edgar Jackson, for the appellant.
    
      George F. Alexander, for the respondent.
   Goodrich, P. J.:

The action was brought to recover damages for the breach of a. written .contract of employment of the plaintiff by the defendant. It was dated July 10, 1896, and provided for the employment of the plaintiff for one year at. a weekly salary of fifteen dollars. The-plaintiff entered bn his. duties, but. was discharged, on October thirty-first. He recovered a judgment for fifteen dollars per week for thehnexpired term, less forty-five dollars for-the three weeks next after his,discharge... ' • j

The only question which we are called to consider arises! out. of an allegation .in the answer setting up as res adjudicata a judgment-for forty-five dollars recovered by the plaintiff against the defendant-in an action on the same contract in a Justice’s Court. Thh complaint in that action, after setting o.ut a copy of the contract, ¡alleged, that on October 31, 1896 : i

(1) “ The defendant, without any right or -without a ¡mutual, rescinding of .the aforesaid contract, refused and has not permitted, this plaintiff to continue his employment und'er said contract, jthotigh: the plaintiff then offered to continue such employment, and; is still willing to continue the samel .
- (2):“ That since said October 31, 1896, this plaintiff has j always-been ready to 'continué Ms employment with the defendant,! and is still willing and ready to perform the services required of him under said contract. j. - ■ .
(3) “ That since the refusal of the defendant to permit the plaintiff to continue the employment,.this plaintiff has endeavored to find, other employment, but without being able to obtain any. j
(4) “ That, there is due the plaintiff-from-the defendant forjand on. account of said contract aforesaid, the sum of forty-five dolíais ($45)‘ being the salary due the plaintiff, for the weeks ending Noyembér 7th, 14th and 21st, no -part of which has been paid,, although payment thereof has been demanded of the defendant, and he has-refused to pay the' same.” ■ - ■ j .

/ Ihconcluffed with a prayer for judgment for forty-five dollars, and Xfhe justice tendered-.a-judgment for that sum.

It is evident that, if we construe that complaint as setting-up .a-cause of action for damages for the breach of the contract, the j udgment is a har to this action. It will be observed that the complaint-did not contain an allegation that the plaintiff had' rendered services-after the breach of the contract. He merely alleged that there was-due him the sum of forty-five dollars as a salary for three weeks, which had been demanded and refused; but that was not a sufficient allegation to sustain a simple suit for wages, which could only.be maintained on an allegation of the rendition of service under the contract. All the other allegations of the complaint conform to-the requirements of the authorities as to the necessary allegations of-' a complaint in an action for the recovery of damages for the breach, of such a contract, and, with the exception of the paragraph numbered 4, they are substantially identical with the allegations of the complaint in this action. In Howard v. Daly (61 N. Y. 362) it was-held that a servant wrongfully discharged had (independently of his-action for wages actually earned) but two remedies growing out of the wrongful act; that is, the breach, viz., first, to treat the contract of hiring as continuing and recover for the breach; or, second,. to rescind the contract and sue on a quantum meruit for services-actually rendered. It follow s that as the plaintiff herein had rendered no services after the breach and earned no wages, his only remedy when he commenced the action in the Justice’s Court was an action to recover damages for breach of the contract. But when the plaintiff brought that action he exhausted his remedy for the recovery of' damages incident to the breach of the contract.

In Perry v. Dickerson (85 N. Y. 345) the opinion of the court,. Judge Andrews writing, contains the following (p. 347): “ To sustain the plea of a former judgment in bar of a second action, it must-appear that the cause of action in both suits is the same, or that some-fact essential to the maintenance of the second action was in issue and determined in the first action adversely to the plaintiff. In order to establish an identity between the causes of action in the-two suits, it is not necessary that the claim made in the first action embraced the same items sought to be recovered in the second. It is sufficient to bring the second action within the estoppel of the former judgment that the cause of action- in the former suit was the sanie,, and. that the damages or right claimed in- the second isnit were items or parts of the same single cause of action upon which the ■first action was founded. The law, to prevent vexatious 6r oppressive litigation,, forbids the splitting, up of one single or entire cause ■of action into parts, and the bringing of separate actions for each .and neither in-this way nor by withholding proof of particular items ■on the trial, or by formally withdrawing them from the consideration of' the jury, can the effect of the judgment, as a ¡complete .adjudication of the entire cause of action, he prevented. There can be but one recovery for an injury from a single wrong,, however numerous the items of . damage may he, and but one action for a single breach of a contract.”' j

As we see no escape from the conclusion that the former judgment constitutes a bar to the present action, the judgment must be neversed; and as the plaintiff can in no event recover, a final judgment must be entered for the defendant, with costs. (Husted v. Thomson, 158 N. Y. 328.)

All concurred.

Judgrnent reversed and' complaint dismissed, with costs.:  