
    Zaremba, Respondent, vs. International Harvester Corporation, Appellant.
    
      November 17, 1915
    
    February 1, 1916.
    
    
      Life insurance: Employees’ benefit association: Contract .barring remedy in courts: Validity: Public policy.
    
    1. Provisions in an insurance contract made with an employees’ benefit association whereby the beneficiary is debarred from any remedy in the courts and must accept as final the settlement or decision made by the superintendent of the association, or by the board of trustees upon appeal, are void as against public policy.
    2. A controversy as to contract rights between the association and a beneficiary under a benefit certificate cannot be considered as one of the internal affairs of the association as to which the decision of the tribunals of the association may be made conclusive upon the members.
    3. A benefipiary who, upon the death of a member, made claim to the superintendent in order to prevent the benefit from lapsing, might decline to appeal from his adverse decisión to the board of trustees and might lawfully resort to the courts, disregarding the provisions of the contract which attempted to take away that remedy.
    Appeal from a judgment of the circuit court for Milwaukee county: Oscar M. Fritz, Circuit Judge.
    
      Affirmed.
    
    Tlie action is to recover death benefits upon a certificate of membership in an unincorporated employees’ benefit association composed of employees of the defendant corporation. The plaintiff is the beneficiary named in the certificate and is the widow of Frank Zaremba, a member of the association in good standing, who died July 16, 1912. The defendant, for the purposes of the action, admits that it has assumed liability to pay any sum which may be legally due on the certificate. The actión was brought and tried in the civil court of Milwaukee county. Two defenses were relied on, viz.: (1) that the death of the insured resulted from the immoderate use of intoxicating liquors, and (2) that by the terms of the contract the plaintiff should have exhausted her remedy before the tribunals of the association. The jury found, against the defendant on the first issue and the court held against it on the second issue, and judgment was rendered by the civil court for the plaintiff for the amount of the death benefits, viz. $939.31 and costs, which judgment was affirmed upon appeal to the circuit court, and the defendant appeals.
    For the appellant there was a brief by Flanders, Bottum, Faivsett & Bottum and David A. Orebaugh, attorneys, and Edgar A. Bancroft and Philip 8. Post, of counsel, and oral argument by O. F. Fawsett.
    
    
      Charles E. Hammersley, for the respondent.
   The following opinion was filed December 7, 1915:

Winslow, C. J.

The judgment must be affirmed under the principles laid down by this court in Fox v. Masons’ F. A. Asso. 96 Wis. 390, 71 N. W. 363.

In the present case the application for insurance provided that if proper claim were not made to the superintendent of the association within one year after the death of the insured the death benefit should lapse, and, further, that both the insured and the beneficiaries should be governed by the rules of the association providing for a final and conclusive settlement of all claims for benefits by reference to the superintendent of the association and an appeal from his decision to the board of trustees of the association. The rules referred to provided that all controversies as to any claim for benefits should be submitted to the said superintendent, whose decision should be final and conclusive -unless a written appeal be taken therefrom to the board of trustees, whose decision should be final and conclusive.

It is very plain that the result of the foregoing provisions taken together is to oust the courts of jurisdiction over the whole subject matter of disputed claims for death benefits. If no claim is presented to the superintendent the benefit lapses; if. the claim be presented to the superintendent the claimant must accept the decision of the superintendent (or of the hoard of trustees upon appeal) as final and conclusive. In either event the beneficiary is, by the terms of his contract, debarred from any remedy in the courts. This court haá held that such a contract is void as against public policy. Fox v. Masons’ F. A. Asso., supra.

This principle is not in the least affected or shaken by the companion principle that in the administration of the internal affairs of a corporation the decisions of the tribunals of the association within their own proper sphere, if not viola-tive of law, may be made conclusive as to the members of the corporation. Loeffler v. Modern Woodmen, 100 Wis. 79, 75 N. W. 1012; Bartlett v. L. Bartlett & Son Co. 116 Wis. 450, 93 N. W. 473. A controversy as to contract rights between the association and a beneficiary under a benefit certificate cannot be considered as one of the internal affairs of the corporation.

Nor does it matter that the beneficiary made application for payment of the claim to the superintendent and, upon his adverse decision, declined to go further. She was obliged to make the claim to the superintendent or the death benefit would lapse. Having done this, she might lawfully resort to the courts and disregard the provisions which attempt to take away that remedy.

By the Oourt. — Judgment affirmed.

A motion for a rehearing was denied, with $25 costs, on February 1, 1916.  