
    George D. Sweetser and Others, Appellants, v. Mart A. Davis and Others, Respondents.
    
      General assignment — ratification by moving for a new assignee — an estoppel by judgment must be mutual — an assignment not set aside for frauds upon it — insufficient proof of partnership.
    
    
      Semble, that where judgment creditors of a debtor who has made an assignment for the benefit of her creditors make a motion to remove the assignee and substitute another person in his Stead, they ¡thereby ratify the assignment, and are estopped from subsequently attacking it as fraudulent.
    A judgment, based upon the existence of a partnership relation between a mother - and her son, and .a confession of judgment by them, in each of which it is stated that they are partners, are not effective by way of estoppel as to an assignee -for creditors under, a general assignment made by the mother — there ■being no privity between the parties in-¡the .judgment and- the general assignee, or between them and the creditors represented by the general assignee.
    What are frauds upon a general assignment, as distinguished from frauds in it, ■ and do not require it to be set aside, considered.
    What proof is insufficient to establish the existence of a partnership between a mother and her son, considered;
    Appeal by the plaintiffs, George D. Sweetser and others,, from a judgment of. the Supreme Court in favor of the defendants, entered- ■ in The office of the clerk of the county of Suffolk on the 29th day of December, 1896,'upon the decision of the court rendered after a trial at the Suffolk Special Term dismissing the complaint.
    The action was' brought to set aside a voluntary assignment for the. benefit' of creditors on the ground that said assignment was fraudulent and void.
    
      Stillman F. Kneeland, for the appellants.
    
      Walter H. Jaycox, for the respondents.
   Hatch, J.:

It is claimed by the defendants that, as. the plaintiffs- moved for the- removal of Davis as assignee and for the appointment, of Fanning in his place, they thereby elected to ratify the assignment, and by proceeding thereunder are now estopped frqin attacking it as fraudulent. Such undoubtedly is the law. (Terry v. Munger, 121 N. Y. 161; Moller v. Tuska, 87 id. 166.) The point, however, is ' not available upon this appeal, for the reason that the defendant has failed to have proof of the fact inserted in the case. All that appears upon this subject is the allegation in plaintiffs complaint' that Fanning was substituted as assignee in place of Davis by an order of the court, and the admission of such allegation in the answer. But these averments contain no .statement that such substitution was procured by the plaintiffs, which is the essential fact. The proceedings themselves do not appear, and the case states that it contains all the evidence given upon the trial. This point, while conclusive, is not available. We are, therefore, brought to consider the other questions in the case.

Prior to 1890, John C. Davis, the husband of Mary and father of Eugene, carried on business in partnership with one B. T. Skidmore, his son-in-law. Davis died in 1890, leaving no will. His family then consisted of his wife, two daughters and the son Eugene. .Ho administrator was ever appointed of the estate, nor has any settlement of it- ever been had. After the death of John C. Davis, the heirs united in a conveyance of the whole estate of John 0. Davis to his wife for life. The business of the firm was continued after the death of John 0. Davis, under the firm name of Davis & Skidmore, until March 1,1892, Mrs. Davis succeeding to the interest of her husband. On the date above named Skidmore retired from the firm. Thereafter and in January, 1895, Mrs. Davis and the children, including Skidmore’s wife, executed and delivered to Skidmore a mortgage upon real property formerly owned by John 0. Davis, to secure the payment of the sum of $5,000. The consideration for this mortgage was a $3,000 note given by Mary and Eugene Davis for the stock in the store, a claimed indebtedness of John O. Davis, which Skidmore paid, and $500 in cash paid to Mary or Eugene Davis. From and after March 1, 1892, the business was conducted under the name of Davis & Son. On the twenty-eighth of the last-named month Mrs. Davis executed a power of attorney to Eugene to receive and collect the demands due the estate of John O. Davis, and also to manage, transact and continue the store business for me, in company with Davis & Son.” H o written agreement of partnership was ever entered, into between Mrs. Davis and her son, or between herself and any one else after Skidmore retired from the business, and there is no proof of any partnership, except it may be inferred from the acts of the parties and their declarations.

.The stock consisted, of personal property, and .'there was added in money $1,300, the proceeds of some real estate belonging to the estate which was sold, and the money placed in the business. It does not appear whether or not, in' the -deed which conveyed, the life interest in the property of the estate to Mrs. Davis, she relinquished her dower right or interest in the personal property. . Mor does it appear that there was any arrangement between Eugene and his. mother, or between either and the sisters, in respect of the property,, aside from the conveyance of the. life interest. Eugene paid no-money for the business, so far as appears, and Mrs. Davis and the' heirs joined in.the mortgage which secured the payment of Skid-more’s interest. There is nothing -to warrant the conclusion that Eugene had acquired any interest in his father’s estate which was not .common to the other heirs,, unless we' conclude that his. mother was vested with title to the property used in the business, and that he acquired some right by management of it. It is quite clear that upon this subject there was an utter absence of agreement between the parties, while it is certain that the $1,300, the proceeds of the ■ real estate, must have been the joint interest of all, in the absence of any agreement, and the $5,000 for Skidmore’s interest was equally burdened upon them all. We do not determine any of these questions, nor is it necessary that we should. We call attention to-the facts as bearing upon the partnership claimed to exist between Mrs. Davis and her son.

On April 20,1895,. Mrs. Davis executed a general assignment for the benefit of her creditors to her son Eugene. He, as we have already seen, was removed, and' the present defendant, Fanning, substituted in his place. This action seeks to set .aside this assignment upon four grounds : First. That the assignment was fraudulent in having been made to Eugene Davis, who was a partner with his mother. Second. That Eugene Davis was preferred as a creditor., Third. That a large claim against Skidmore was withheld from the schedules. Fourth. That the execution of the mortgage to Skid-more was fraudulent.

We-.have already considered some features applicable to the first question; The proof' relied upon by plaintiffs to-sustain their attack in this regard consists in declarations made by. Mrs. Davis and Eugene ■when examined in proceedings supplementary to execution, after the execution of the assignment, some of which were reiterated upon the trial, and the further proof that goods were purchased by Davis & Son in the conduct of the business, for which judgment was subsequently obtained against Mrs. Davis and Eugene under an allegation of the complaint that they were partners, and also a confession of judgment for goods sold, in which it was reiterated that they were partners. So far as the first species of proof is concerned, assuming it to be admissible, which is doubtful (Scofield v. Spaulding, 54 Hun, 523), the case discloses that none of it was received against the defendant Fanning. The oral proof given upon the present trial by Eugene Davis was, by express ruling, so far as it related to his declarations and proof given in supplemental proceedings, limited as affecting him alone. The defendants excepted to the ruling, hut the plaintiffs acquiesced therein, and the same is true of Mrs. Davis. So that there is nothing contained in .such proof which in anywise impeached the title of the assignee, as none of it was received against him and could not, -therefore, operate against the title held by him. Assume, however, that it is so available, and we think it presented a question of fact. Both Eugene and his mother swore that no partnership existed between them, but that Eugene was employed upon a salary to manage the business. True, they also said that Davis & Son was a partnership comprised of the mother and son. But the court was not concluded by that statement, and, in view of the peculiar relations existing between the parties, to which we have before adverted, we are not at all satisfied that the court’s conclusion thereon was wrong; on the contrary, we think it was justified by the evidence.

The remaining consideration upon this branch of the case relates to the conclusiveness of the judgment obtained by the plaintiff against Mrs. Davis and Eugene. It is settled by authority that, in order to render a judgment effective by way of estoppel, it must operate mutually. (Townsend v. Van Buskirk, 22 App. Div. 441.) In the present case there was no privity between the parties in the judgment and the defendant Fanning, or between them and the creditors whom he represents. It was not, therefore, binding as an adjudication upon him. (Railroad Equipment Co. v. Blair, 145 N. Y. 607.)

So far as the preferred claim of Eugene.W. Davis is concerned, there was evidence which warranted the court in finding, that this claim was for salary, and that his .relation'to the business entitled him thereto.

As to the third and fourth claims, they are, if anything, frauds, upon the assignment, and do not constitute a fraud in the assign■ment, and may not, therefore, be made the basis for setting it aside. (Loos v. Wilkinson, 110 N. Y. 195.)

' If the mortgage is fraudulent it rests with the assignee to bring an action to set it aside, and if "any property exists which has not found place in the schedules it is, the duty of the assignee, to discover, and account for it. The assignee is appointed for such purpose.

These views lead to an affirmance of the. judgment.

All concurred.

judgment affirmed, with costs.  