
    BRANCH v. STATE.
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    April 1, 1914.)
    1. Criminal Law (§ 1091) — Bill of Exceptions — Sufficiency.
    In a prosecution for vagrancy, bills of exceptions that the court erred in excluding testimony that at the time of the offense charged, accused had $40 in his possession, and that for several months prior thereto he had bought groceries from a certain merchant, and paid cash therefor, were insufficient and too meager to be considered on appeal.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 2803, 2815, 2816, 2818, 2819, 2823, 2824, 2828-2833, 2843, 2931-2933, 2943; Dec. Dig. § 1091.]
    2. Vagrancy (§ 3) — Evidence—Admissibility.
    In a prosecution for vagrancy under Pen. Code 1911, art. 634, defining vagrants as all able-bodied persons who habitually loaf, etc., in any city, town, or village, etc., without any regular employment and without any visible means of support, evidence that the defendant, at the time charged, had some money on his person, and that he paid cash for groceries was not relevant.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Vagrancy, Cent. Dig. § 3; Dec. Dig. § 3.
    
    For other definitions, see Words and Phrases, vol. 8, pp. 7267-7269.]
    3. Vagrancy (§ 1) — Nature of Offense— “Visible.”
    The word “visible” as used in Pen. Code 1911, art. 634, defining vagrants as all able-bodied persons who habitually loaf, without any regular employment and any “visible” means of support, etc., means noticeable, apparent, open, conspicuous, or perceptible by the eye.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Vagrancy, Cent. Dig. § 1; Dec. Dig. § 1.
    
    For other definitions, see Words and Phrases, vol. 8, p. 7330.]
    4. Vagrancy (§ 1) — Nature of Offense — Defenses.
    The purpose of the vagrant statute (Pen. Code 1911, art. 634), defining vagrants and fixing the punishment, etc., is to punish persons whose status or course of conduct is that of vagrants as defined in the act, and it-is no defense, when such status is shown to exist, that such person has money, etc., since he may have secured it by gambling, etc.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Vagrancy, Cent. Dig. § 1; Dec. Dig. § 1.]
    5. Criminal Law (§ 589) — Continuance-Grounds.
    Under Code Or. Proc. art. 761, authorizing a criminal case when the jury disagrees to be tried again at the same term, and article 715, providing that when there are no regular jurors, the court shall order the sheriff to summon qualified persons for special jury service to try the case, it was no error to refuse defendant a continuance after a mistrial because there were no qualified regular jurors. , ,
    [Ed. Note. — Por other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 1315, 1319; Dec. Dig. 589.]
    6. Criminal Law (§ 1090) — Appeal and Error-Objections to Charge — Necessity or Bill op Exceptions.
    In misdemeanor cases, the only way the appellate court is authorized to consider complaints of the charge of the court and the refusal of requests is by bill of exceptions, taken at the trial, giving the specific reasons why the court erred.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 2653, 2789, 2803-2822, 2825-2827, 2927, 2928, 2948, 3204; Dec. Dig. § 1090.]
    Appeal from Collingsworth County Court; R. H. Cocke, Jr., Judge.
    G. B. Branch was convicted of vagrancy, and he appeals.
    Affirmed.
    C. E. Lane, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
    
      
      For otiler cases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No. Series & Rep’r Indexes
    
    
      
      For other oases see same topic and section NUMBER in Deo. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No. Series & Rep’r Indexes
    
   PRENDERGAST, P. J.

Appellant was convicted of vagrancy and fined $50. Our Constitution (section 46, art. 3) requires the Legislature to “enact effective vagrant laws.” In compliance with the Constitution our Legislatures have, from time to time, passed vagrant laws. Until 1909 previous enactments had been found to be inefficient to reach the evil, so that in 1909 (Laws 1909, p. Ill) the Legislature redrafted the law on this subject, intended to meet the evil. By this act, which is article 634 et seq. of our Penal Code, among other things, it is enacted: “The following persons are and shall be punished as vagrants, viz.: * * * (d) All able-bodied persons who habitually loaf, loiter and idle in any city, town or village, or railroad station, or any other public place in this state for the larger portions of their time, without any regular employment and without any visible means of support. An offense under paragraph (d) of this article shall be made out whenever it is shown that any person has no visible means of support, and only occasionally has employment at odd jobs, being for the most of the time out of employment.” This particular subdivision, in a clear and able opinion by Judge Ramsey for this court, in Ex parte Strittmatter, 58 Tex. Cr. R. 156, 124 S. W. 906, 137 Am. St. Rep. 937, 21 Ann. Cas. 477, was discussed and held perfectly valid. This prosecution was under this subdivision of this statute ' and the proof is ample, clear, and sufficient to show that appellant was a vagrant as defined and designated thereunder. In fact he does not claim that the evidence was not sufficient to sustain the verdict. He does claim, by two bills, that the court erred in excluding certain proffered testimony by him, to the effect that at the time he was charged in the information with this offense, he had sufficient money in his possession for his immediate needs, and that he had on his person $40 at the time he was arrested,, and that at the time he was charged-in the ■ informátion herein with being a vagrant, and for- several months prior thereto, he had bought groceries from a certain merchant and paid cash therefor. Both of these bills are wholly insufficient and too meager to authorize or require this court to consider the questions attempted to be raised thereby. James v. State, 63 Tex. Cr. R. 75, 138 S. W. 612; Conger v. State, 63 Tex. Cr. R. 327, 140 S. W. 1112, and authorities therein cited; Best v. State, 164 S. W. 996, recently decided, but not yet officially reported. Even if we could consider the questions attempted to be raised, the exclusion by the court of said testimony presents no reversible error.

The proof by the state clearly show-that appellant was an able-bodied man; that he habitually loafed, loitered, and idled in the town of Dodsonville, not only for the larger portion of his time for some three months continuously prior to the time of this prosecution, but that he had no regular employment and was without any visible means of support; that he may have had some money on his person, and that he may have paid cash for some groceries he bought, would be no evidence that he was not an able-bodied person, nor that he did not habitually loaf, loiter, and idle about said town, not only for a larger portion, but for the whole of his time, and that he had no regular employment, nor was without visible means of support. The word “visible” is defined by Webster to mean: “Noticeable; apparent; open; ' conspicuous.” In the 6th Century Dictionary as: “Apparent; open, conspicuous, as a man with no visible means of support; discoverable; insight; obvious; manifest; clear; distinct; plain; patent; unmistakable.” Gale v. Mutual Aid, etc., 66 Hun, 600, 21 N. X. Supp. 893-895. “Visible” means perceptible by the eye, that may be seen; apparent or obvious. Kansas City, etc., v. Ryan, 52 Kan. 637, 35 Pae. 292-294.

The object and purpose of our said vagrant statute on this subject is that when the status or course of conduct of a person is that of one who habitually loafs, loiters, and idles in a town or village the larger portion of his time without any regular employment, and without any visible means of support, he shall be punished because of such status or course of conduct (Parshall v. State, 62 Tex. Cr. R. 191, 138 S. W. 759); and, when such status or course of conduct is shown, it is no defense to show that he may have money secreted 'about his person, or on hand with which he pays for some groceries, for he may have secured such money by gambling or other unlawful and improper way, as suggested by the evidence in this case and his status or course of conduct as proved, and not by honest and remunerative employment. The deputy sheriff, Mr. Gillespie, testified, among other things, that for some 13 days before the complaint was filed in this case— and he was watching him to see what he did and did not do — “he would see him most any hour of the day standing or sitting around on the streets near a restaurant or cold-drink stand. Every time I would pass him, he would dance some little jig and ask if any one knew where he could find a poker game.”

By another bill it is shown that at the first of the September term, 1913, of the county court, appellant was put on trial for this offense and that a mistrial resulted because of a hung jury; that there were only 12 jurors in the panel, and 6 of these were the jurors on this mistrial; that the other 6 were in the court at the time of that trial and heard all the evidence. He thereupon sought a continuance when the case was called a second time at which this conviction resulted, so as to, at the next term, get a jury regularly drawn by the jury commissioners; that when the case was called this second time the court inquired of the other jurors who had not served on this first mistrial if they had heard the evidence, and upon their answering they had, he ordered the sheriff to summon 12 talesmen from which appellant was forced to select a jury to be tried, and overruled his motion for continuance. Our statute expressly authorizes that when a jury has been discharged because of failure to agree, the case may be again tried at the same term of court. Article 761, O. C. P. Our statute (article 715, C. O. P.) also provides that when from any cause there are no regular jurors for the week from whom to select a jury, the court shall order the sheriff to summon forthwith such number of qualified persons as may be deemed expedient and from those summoned the jury shall be formed to try the case. The court correctly acted in this matter.

Appellant requested three special charges, which were refused by the court. No bill of exception was taken to the refusal of these, or either of them. No reason is given therein, or otherwise, in the record why they should have been given. The only way he complained of this in his motion for new trial was as follows: “Because the court erred in refusing to give special charges Nos. 1, 2, and 3, requested by defendant.” Simply that and nothing more.

In his motion for new trial he also complains of one sentence in the court’s charge, but he took no bill of exceptions thereto at the time of the trial, or at any other time. It has so long been the well-established law of this state that in misdemeanor cases the only way this court is authorized to consider complaints of the charge of the court and the refusal of spe'cial charges requested, is by bill of exception taken at the time to the charge of the court in the matters attempted to be complained of and to the refusal of the court to give special charges requested, giving in the bill therefor the specific reasons why the court erred in giving the charge complained of, or, as the case may be, in refusing the special charge, that it seems needless to restate this principle, or cite the authorities. But we will here call attention to some of them: Giles v. State, 148 S. W. 320, where the statutes and a large number of the earlier cases are cited; Perkins v. State, 144 S. W. 244; Mealer v. State, 145 S. W. 354; Golden v. State, 146 S. W. 946; Cabiness v. State, 146 S. W. 934; Yarborough v. State, 147 S. W. 270; Gowans v. State, 64 Tex. Gr. R/401, 145 S. W. 614; Milam v. State, 146 S. W. 185 ; Smith v. State, 145 S. W. 918; Gamble v. State, 146 S. W. 551; Lutrall v. State, 64 Tex. Cr. R. 411, 142 S. W. 589; Staten v. State, 63 Tex. Cr. R. 592, 141 S. W. 526. For further collation of some of the older cases see section 813, subd. 6, White’s Ann. O. O. P.

None of appellant’s complaints of the refusal of his special charges, or to that of the court, can therefore be considered.

The judgment is affirmed.  