
    COCHRANE CARPET CO. v. HOWELLS et al.
    (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department.
    November 16, 1894.)
    Pleading—Bill of Particulars.
    The answer in an action for the price of goods sold alleged that plaintiff did not deliver the goods as he agreed, though defendants many times demanded that plaintiff forthwith deliver them. The reply stated that defendants changed their orders so often that plaintiff was unable to have all the goods ready for delivery, but did not deny that such demands had been made. Held, that defendant would not be required to furnish a bill of particulars stating the dates on which the requests or demands mentioned in the answer were made.
    Appeal from special term, New York county.
    Action by Cochrane Carpet Company against Henry G-. Howells, Jr., and another, to recover the price of goods sold. From an order requiring a bill of particulars of matters alleged in the answer, defendants appeal. Modified.
    
      Argued before VAN BBTJNT, P. J., and O’BRIEN, J.
    William H. Arnoux, for appellants.
    M. Regensberger, for respondent.
   O’BRIEN, J.

The appeal is from the entire order, and from each» and every part thereof, but the appellants, conceding the validity of the order in other respects, complain of that portion which requires-the bill of particulars to state the dates upon which the requests or demands mentioned in the eighth and ninth paragraphs of their answer, respectively, were made. The action is the ordinary one for goods sold and delivered. In addition to a denial, the answer sets-up a counterclaim,—that the parties entered into a contract for 2,000 pieces of goods, to be delivered within a year, of which the goods sued for were a part; that the goods were to be delivered at the rate of 500 pieces every three months, and in larger quantities if desired; that the plaintiff did not make the deliveries as contracted for, although the defendants requested and desired such delivery, and that plaintiff has wholly failed to deliver the balance, “although these defendants have many times demanded that the plaintiff should forthwith deliver the same to the defendants.” The reply, after denying that this was a proper construction of the contract, admits that defendants sent orders for some of the goods during the-first three months, but after the receipt of said orders continually shifted and changed the order, so that plaintiff was unable to have all of the same ready for sale and delivery to the defendants.

The question presented, therefore, is whether it was proper to require the defendants to state the dates upon which the requests or demands mentioned in the answer were respectively made. Upon the-issue thus raised it is conceded that requests or orders were made, but these are sought to be avoided upon the ground that they were-so changeable and shifting that the plaintiff was unable to get all of the goods ready in time to deliver. It is therefore incumbent upon the plaintiff to show that the requests or orders were changeable and shifting, no question arising but that they were given; and! the only purpose that could be served by requiring of the defendants-a statement of the dates would be to exclude requests and demands at times other than those given in the bill of particulars. The primary purpose of a bill of particulars is to give information or such details of a claim presented against another as justice requires. When ordered, and not given, it excludes evidence, and upon a trial confines the party to the particulars which he is thus required to give; and this is done to prevent surprise or injustice upon the trial. Here the-information sought as to the dates when these demands were made of plaintiff are as much within the latter’s knowledge as that of the defendants, and the object, therefore, cannot be to furnish information, but to limit the defendants in the scope of their proof in meeting, the affirmative issue raised by the plaintiff,—that the orders were so changeable and shifting that the plaintiff could not get the goods ready so as to complete the whole contract. It is not the office of a biU of particulars to limit the evidence which "a party may be able to produce upon the trial to maintain Ms side of the issue, and where that is the only purpose to be served the particulars should not be ordered. We think that the order, in this respect, was too broad, and that it should be modified by striking therefrom that portion requiring a statement of the dates upon which the requests or demands were made. The appeal, as stated, was from the entire order, and the contention below Avas against giving any particulars of the counterclaim, all of which it is now conceded the plaintiff was entitled to, except in the particulars above mentioned, about which upon the moving papers no special stress was laid, nor does it appear to have been specifically called to the attention of the judge at special term. We think, under these circumstances, that, while the order should be modified in the respect indicated, it should be without costs.  