
    Albert Mott, Appellant, v. Grenville M. Ingalsbe, as Executor, etc., of Lyman H. Northup, Deceased, Respondent.
    Third Department,
    December 30, 1909.
    Limitation of actions — medical services — part payment by wife of debtor — evidence—books of account.
    There can be no recovery against the estate of a decedent for medical services rendered more than six years prior to liis death.
    Payments on account made by the wife of the decedent without his knowledge, consent or ratification, do not remove the bar of the .Statute of Limitations.
    Where a physician who kept no clerk has produced, two witnesses who testify that they have settled their accounts from some of his books of original entry which they found to he correct, other books of original entry are admissible in evidence to show services rendered although they contain no accounts settled by the witnesses.
    In order to introduce his books of account in evidence a party must show that he kept fair and honest account by witnesses who have dealt and settled with him, and the presumption of accurate bookkeeping when established is not limited to the books containing the accounts with the witnesses.
    Appeal b.y the plaintiff, Albert Mott, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Washington on the 7th day of June* 1909, upon the report of a referee.
    
      
      King & Angelí [Edward M. Angelí of counsel], for the appellant.
    
      Arnold & Shierman [A. D. Arnold of counsel], for the respondent.
   Cochrane, J. :

Plaintiff, a physician, has been awarded by the referee $170 on his claim of $1,744 for professional services rendered to the defendant’s testator. The services extended over twenty-one years prior to the death of the testator on December 15, 1906. The referee decided that the Statute of Limitations was a defense to so much of the claim as accrued more than six years prior to the death of the testator, and permitted a recovery for whatever services plaintiff was able to prove had been rendered within such period of six years.

The referee correctly applied the Statute of Limitations. The payments claimed to have been made o.n account of the services were made by the wife of the testator without his knowledge ,or consent, nor were they so far- as appears authorized or ratified by him, and there is no other evidence which removes the bar of the statute.

The referee, however, erroneously excluded from evidence the plaintiff’s books of account. These consisted of divers small books or diaries containing original entries of. his professional visits. If admitted in evidence they would have tended to show that he had rendered more professional services within the six years prior to the testator’s death than he was able to demonstrate without the aid of such books. Two witnesses'testified that they had previously employed plaintiff from tiine to time, and that they had settled their accounts with him from his books, and on such settlements found his books to be correct. The accounts thus testified to by these witnesses were contained in four books. The referee found that the accounts of these witnesses as contained in the books were correct,, and that the said four books were honestly and fairly kept, but excluded the remainder of the books because they contained no entries of the accounts which were settled by these witnesses. It appeared that the plaintiff' kept no clerk, and some of the services indicated by the books had been in fact rendered to the-, testator as found by the referee. The preliminary, proof necessary to make the hooks admissible in evidence was thus brought squarely within the rule declared in Vosburgh v. Thayer (12 Johns. 461) and many times reiterated. If these accounts had all been kept in one hook, unquestionably suoli book after the preliminary proof here made would have been competent evidence. The fact that they appeared in various books is an unimportant circumstance. What was required within the rule of the Vosburgh case was proof that plaintiff kept “fair and honest accounts, and this by those who have dealt and settled with him.” The purpose of this requirement is to raise a presumption of the accuracy of the bookkeeping methods, and. such presumption when established is not necessarily limited to the books containing the accounts of the witnesses called to establish the fairness of such accounts:

The judgment must be reversed, the referee discharged, and. a new trial granted, with costs to the appellant to abide the event.

All concurred.

Judgment reversed, referee discharged, and new trial granted, with costs to appellant to abide event.  