
    EMPIRE STATE TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH CO. v. BICKFORD.
    (Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department.
    October 20, 1893.)
    Reference—When Proper—Accounting by Agent.
    In an action for an accounting by defendant of his agency as manager of plaintiff’s business for a term of years, plaintiff alleged that during the agency defendant had rendered accounts, purporting to be true statements of the receipts and disbursements of the business, some of which plaintiff has since learned were untrue; that the items, amounts, and dates of the transactions are known to defendant, but are unknown to plaintiff; that during the agency defendant established a business of his own in opposition to that of plaintiff’s, thus allowing plaintiff’s business to deteriorate; that defendant converted to his own use certain structures and apparatus belonging to plaintiff, and refused to deliver possession thereof on demand; that because of such acts and omissions by defendant, plaintiff suffered great loss in its business, and incurred large expense, which it seeks to recover when ascertained by a proper accounting. Held that, though some of the allegations might afford a remedy by action in tort, the acts complained of being a part of the dealing of an agent with the property of his principal, a case of equitable cognizance is presented; hence a reference, was properly ordered.
    Appeal from special term, Monroe county.
    Action by the Empire State Telephone & Telegraph Company against Frank A. Bickford for an accounting. From an order of reference for a hearing and determination of the issues joined, defendant appeals.
    Affirmed.
    Argued before DWIGHT, P. J., and LEWIS and HAIGHT, JJ.
    T. E. Courtney, for appellant.
    F. E. Storke, for respondent.
   DWIGHT, P. J.

The action was brought to obtain an accounting by the defendant of his agency for the plaintiff as manager of its office and business at Cortland for a period of nine years ending with the 31st day of December, 1892. The business so managed by the defendant was that of a telephone exchange, through which communications were carried on between about 135 subscribers, besides what was known as “toll” or “trunk line” business. The complaint further alleges that during the period of his agency the defendant rendered to the plaintiff frequent reports, in items, which purported to contain a true account of the receipts and disbursements of the office, but that, after defendant was dismissed from the service of the plaintiff, in December, 1892, the plaintiff for the first time discovered that those reports were incorrect and untrue in many particulars, both as to receipts by the defendant to the use of the plaintiff and as to disbursements which were charged as having been made in its behalf; the items, amounts, and dates of which are known to the defendant, but are unknown to the plaintiff. The complaint also alleges that for a considerable time before his dismissal the defendant had entertained the purpose to establish a telephone business in the village of Cortland in opposition to that of the plaintiff, and in furtherance of that plan had taken in his own name a lease of the office occupied by the plaintiff, without its knowledge, and had negligently and willfully permitted the plant and property and service of the plaintiff under his charge to deteriorate and become less effective than if properly and faithfully cared for and managed by him, and had thereby caused the patrons of the plaintiff to become dissatisfied with such service, and had imputed the fault of such deterioration to the plaintiff; that in further execution of his plan the defendant had appropriated and converted to his own use certain structures and apparatus belonging to the plaintiff, and used by it in the operation of its business, and had refused to deliver possession of the same to the plaintiff on demand; that by reason of such acts and omissions on the part of the defendant the plaintiff has suffered great loss and damage in its business and revenue, and been put to large expense, which loss and expense the plaintiff seeks to recover, when ascertained by a proper accounting, for all of which the plaintiff has no adequate remedy at law; and the plaintiff therefore demands judgment for an accounting by the defendant in respect to his receipts and disbursements of moneys belonging to the plaintiff, in- respect to the cost and value of the articles of personal property of the plaintiff converted to his own use by the defendant, determining the amount of loss and damage to the plaintiff in its business and revenue, and of the expense to which it has been put by reason of the acts and omissions of the defendant before mentioned, and adjudging that the plaintiff recover of the defendant the amount found chargeable to him on such accounting. The defendant, by his answer, admits the incorporation of the plaintiff, its business at Cortland, and his employment therein as the plaintiff’s agent and manager, as alleged in the complaint; but he denies specifically all the allegations of violation of duty, bad faith, and negligent and willful mismanagement on his part in that relation; denies that he is indebted to the plaintiff in any sum for or by reason of any of the matters and things mentioned in the complaint; pleads the statute of limitations, and that he has paid and settled in full for all the causes of action so alleged.

There can be no doubt that the complaint above sketched presents a case for the equitable cognizance of the court, and one which entitles the plaintiff to an accounting. Here was the fiduciary relation of principal and agent, continuing through a series of years, involving the daily receipt and disbursement of moneys by the latter for the former, with the consequent duty to account from time to time, and the failure to account, or, what was worse, the rendition of false accounts. Hothing was wanting to give to equity jurisdiction to compel an accounting. In Marvin v. Brooks, 94 N. Y. 71, Finch, J., speaks of an agent so intrusted as standing in the attitude of “a quasi trustee, and by reason of that relation knowing what the other party cannot know, and bound to reveal to him the entire truth.” It is also by reason of this relation ofi trust and confidence demanding absolute fidelity and the greatest; diligence that such an accounting will be made to embrace questions of fraud, neglect, and mismanagement, (Christy v. Libby, 5 Abb. Pr. [N. S.] 192; Marston v. Gould, 69 N. Y. 220;) and this is true even though some of the allegations of the complaint might have afforded ground for an action of tort, (Vilmar v. Schall, 61 N. Y. 564.) In this case all the facts alleged which suggest a cause of action ex delicto constitute part and parcel of the course of dealing of the agent with the property and interests of the principal, and are consequently matters of which, the plaintiff is as much entitled to an accounting as if no bad faith and willful violation of duty were charged. The case made by the complaint being clearly one of equitable cognizance, and which entitles the plaintiff to an accounting, it was, of course, referable on the ^motion of either party, or of the court itself on the trial. The account of receipts and disbursements alone is a long one, both in point of time and necessarily in the number of its items. We think the .reference was properly made, and that the order appealed from must be affirmed, with $10 costs and disbursements. All concur.  