
    Z. Douglass Lansing et al., App’lts, v. Eliphalet W. Bliss, Resp’t.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department,
    
    
      Filed April 11, 1895.)
    
    1. Release — Joint contractors.
    Where a person, who is liable to two or more parties on a joint contract, settles with one of them, for part of the claim, the others may sue for their share without joining their co-contractor.
    2. Brokers — Double employment.
    A broker, who has received commissions from pne, may recover commissions from the other party, where the latter employs and agrees to pay him for his services with knowledge that he was to be paid by the former party.
    Appeal from a judgment, entered on a verdict directed in favor of the defendant.
    
      Delos McCurdy, for app’lts; Benjamin F. Tracy and Edward M. Shepherd, for respondent.
   Parker, J.

The complaint alleges, in substance, that the defendant, being, desirous of selling his business, agreed with the plaintiffs and one Samuel S. Smoot that, if they would procure for him a purchaser at a satisfactory price, he would pay them $100,000 for their services; that the plaintiffs and Smoot did procure a purchaser, to whom defendant made a sale; that the defendant settled with Smoot, and paid to him $15,000 for his commissions, who released the defendant from any further indebtedness to him on account of the commissions agreed to be paid. These allegations are denied by the answer. On the trial the plaintiff presented testimony tending to establish the contract alleged in the complaint, although some portions of it would permit a finding that a different contract was made than that alleged in the complaint ; but with the different inferences of fact as to the contract, the evidence, we have no concern.

The testimony being closed, counsel for defendant moved for a direction of a verdict in favor of the defendant upon the whole case, specifying several grounds. The trial court refused to consider any of the grounds of the motion, save one, which was that Mr. Smoot, one of the parties in interest with the plaintiffs, had been paid $15,000 for commissions, and had released the defendant from all obligations to him under the contract, which had the legal effect to discharge the defendant from all liability thereunder to these plaintiffs, as well as Smoot; and on that ground he directed a verdict in favor of the defendant. In support of this ruling the respondent cites the following cases: Pierson v. Hooker, 3 Johns. 68 ; Austin v. Hall, 13 id. 286; Fitch v. Forman, 14 id. 172; Bulkley v. Dayton, 14 id. 386; Wheeler v. Curtis, 11 Wend. 652 ; Wells v. Evans, 20 id. 252. In a later decision, Gock v. Keneda, 29 Barb. 120, which was a case of two tenants in common of chattels, for the conversion thereof, it was held that a settlement of an account, and a release of the defendant by one of the parties, could not operate to defeat the rights of the other to recover his portion of the damages. In the opinion the court considered Austin v. Hall and Decker v. Livingston, 15 Johns. 479, and pointed out the distinction between those cases and the one then under consideration, reaching the conclusion that the rule prevailing in actions by tenants in common for trespass upon lands is not applicable to tenants in common of personal property, and citing with approval cases holding that when one is liable to two or more on a joint contract, and settles with one for part of the claim, the others may sue for their part without joining the one settled with, because a settlement by one tenant in common of personal property, without the consent of the others, only inures as a settlement with the party settling. This case unquestionably supports the plaintiffs’ position. So far as our examination discloses, its authority has not since been called in question. It is cited in Goodwin v. Griffis, 88 N. Y. 629-636, and Hathaway v. Insurance Co., 134 id. 409- 412 ; 48 St. Rep. 230, and in the latter case as furnishing an exception to the rule of Austin v. Hall and Decker v. Livingston, supra.

The respondent urges that, should it be held that the ground upon which the trial court directed a verdict in favor of the defendant was not tenable, still the judgment should be affirmed if, upon the whole case, it should appear that the defendant was entitled to a direction of a verdict. Without considering that proposition, we proceed to a brief consideration of the other grounds upon which, in part, the motion was based.

It is claimed that the evidence shows that the employment of the plaintiff’s and Smoot was to sell the property for $1,350,000, in which event the plaintiffs were to have $100,000 for their services ; that in any event, by the terms of the contract, the property was to net the defendant, over and above all payments for brokerage or otherwise, the .sum of $1,250,000; and that no such sale was effected. It is undisputed that, in all the conversations had between the defendant and the plaintiffs or Smoot, the defendant insisted that the price he should receive should be $1,250,-000, net. But some of the plaintiffs testified that the agreement with the defendant was that they should find him a purchaser, and that the price should be $1,350,000, $100,000, of which should be paid to the plaintiffs and Smoot, leaving to him the sum which he desired to obtain for his property. Their position was that, together with Smoot, they found him a purchaser, but that, in violation of his arrangement with them, the defendant only asked and received $1,250,000, by reason whereof they became entitled to the commissions agreed .upon. Against their position, which suffers embarrassment from contradictory statements’ on the part of one or more of the plaintiffs, is the significant fact that the negotiations with the brokers in London who acted for the real purchasers seem to have been conducted in behalf of the plaintiffs by their associate Smoot, who, with the defendant and the London brokers, arranged the terms of purchase and sale, and subsequently accepted from the purchasers’ brokers, for his services, a certain sum of money, together with a number of shares of the stock of the new corporation, in payment for his services. Again, the plaintiff Fisher, in an affidavit made December 24, 1891, said, “I have no claim whatsoever against said defendant for or on account of commission earned, or claimed by me to have been earned, by reason of the sale or transfer of the capital stock of the E. W. Bliss Company.’’ The affidavit was made some-eight months after this action was brought, and, unexplained, has a tendency to show what his understanding of the original contract was, and its bearing upon his right to recover commissions for the sale effectuated through the defendant and plaintiffs’ associate Smoot, to whom, he testified, “ I trusted my affairs on the other side, * * * and my interest. He represented me on the other side. * * * Whatever time he went to London, he represented this property that he was negotiating. He represented us four gentlemen who were associated. He was doing the entire business. In explanation of his affidavit, he said he'had been informed by the defendant that 'he managed the whole thing himself, and consequently the plaintiffs were not entitled to anything, and that, believing the statement, he made the affidavit, but subsequently reaching the conclusion that he had been deceived — that Bliss had not managed it himself, but, on the contrary, the sale had been brought about by his associate Smoot, who was representing him and the other plaintiffs in London, — he changed his mind as to Bliss’ liability to him for commissions. A further consideration of the evidence under this head will not be profitable, because the questions relating to the weight of testimony, the consideration to be given to the apparent contradictions, the explanations offered in relation to them, and the proper inferences to be drawn from the testimony as a whole, are for the jury, not the court to pass upon.

The further point is made that, Smoot having finally accepted a commission from the purchasers, the plaintiffs cannot recover a commission from the seller, even though the contract with the defendant was as claimed by them. That plaintiffs did have an understanding with their associate Smoot that they wez'e to receive some shares of stock fi-om the purchasez-s, in the event of the consummation of the sale, is made clear by Fisher’s testimony; and, were there no evidence that such expectations on the part of the plaintiffs were understood by the defendant Bliss at about the time of the making of the alleged contract between defendant and these plaintiffs with their associate Smoot, defendant’s point would be well taken. Employment of a broker by an owner of property is to effect a sale on •terms most advantageous to his employer. This the broker cannot do, and at the same time render similar services to the party to whom he attempts to sell the property. It is impossible for the broker to negotiate for the benefit of both, for, if he gets •a good price for the property sold, it is obtained from the man who buys, and, if the man who buys secures a good bargain, it is oecessardy at the expense of him who sells; and so the general rule has come to be well established, .that where an agent accepts a commission from the seller he cannot also receive one from the purchaser, although, in advance of the sale, the purchaser may have contracted to pay him a commission. The rule was established to prevent fraud, and it has an exception which grows out of a situation where the reason for the rule does not exist. If a party employs a broker, agreeing to pay him for his services, and has knowledge that he is also to be paid, or expects to be paid, by the other party, the agreement will be enforced. Rowe v. Stevens, 53 N. Y. 621. Fisher testifies that his conversations with Smoot in respect to the expected contributions to the brokers by the purchasers of certain of the shares of stock was communicated by him to the defendant, Bliss, in his private office, who, with such knowledge, assented to the further negotiations had by plaintiffs ■and Smoot under the arrangement which he had with them. If Fisher’s testimony in such respect be true, the defendant was within the exception to the general rule. Whether it was true, presented a question for the jury. The judgment should be reversed, and a new trial granted, with costs to the appellants, to abide the event.

All concur.  