
    John A. Krebs, Appellant, v. Claus Heitmann, Respondent, Impleaded with The City of New York and Richard Bottmann, Defendants.
    
      Negligence — duty of an abutting owner to keep the sidewalk of a street in repair he must do no affirmative act making it unsafe.
    
    An owner of property abutting upon a city street is under no obligation at common law-to repair the street or sidewalk in front of his premises.
    In the absence of some statutory obligation to the contrary, his sole obligation in this respect is to refrain from doing any affirmative act which will render the highway dangerous.
    A complaint in an action brought against such an abutting owner to recover damages for personal injuries sustained by the plaintiff in consequence of the fact that the abutting owner allowed “a portion of said sidewalk to sink and cave in and to form a hollow in said sidewalk about four inches' in depth, six feet in length and four feet in breadth,” is demurrable.
    Appeal by the plaintiff, John A. Krebs, from an interlocutory judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant, Claus Heitmann, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Kings on the 8th day of July, 1904, upon tlife decision of the court, rendered" after a trial at the Kings County Special, Term, sustaining the said defendant’s demlirrer to thei plaintiff’s complaint.
    
      Frederick W. Sparks, for the appellant.
    
    
      Louis Salant [Carl Schurz Petrasch with him on the brief], for the respondent.
   Woodward, J.:

The plaintiff brings this action to recover damages for personal injuries, due to a defective sidewalk and an accumulation of ice thereon, joining as defendants the city of New York, Claus *Heitmanh, the owner of the premises abutting upon tlie highway where1 the accident occurred, and the latter’s tenant, Richard Bottmann. The cause of - action is alleged in the same language against each of the three defendants, and the city of New York has answered. Mr. Heitmann demurs to the complaint upon the, ground that it does not, as to him, state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, and the learned court-at Special .Term has. sustained the demurrer.' The plaintiff appeals from the'interlocutory judgment entered upon the. decision of the court.

The complaint, aside from, the -facts ¡showing, the relation of the. several parties to the premises and the highway, alleges that “ on and before the said 25tlí dáy of .February,. 1904* -the defendants, The City of New York, Glaus. Heitmann and Richard Bottmann, disregarding their duty, negligently and carelessly permitted the said sidewalk of said Cornelia street, near the junction of Central avenue, to be improperly and dangerously constructed and maintained and to remain in an unsafe and dangerous condition, in that they allowed á portion of the said sidewalk to sink and cave in and to form a hollow in said sidewalk about four inches in depth, six feet in length and foui* feet in breadth, all of which the -defendants, The City of New York, Claus Heitmann and Richard Bottmann, had notice or by reasonable inspection thereof might have had notice; * * * that on or about the 25th day of February, 1904, and on numerous .occasions prior thereto, the defendants, The City of New York, Claus Heitmann and Richard Bottmann, carelessly and negligently suffered water to collect in said hollow and ice to form therein in front of said premises No. 1.80 Cornelia street, so as!to be dangerous to persons passing along said street; said hollow being a source of '"constant danger to the citizens of the City of New Tork and others who were in the lawful use of said sidewalk, all of which, the defendants, The City of New York, Claus Heitmann and Richard Bottmann, had or might have informed themselves and to have made the said sidewalk safe before the occurrence of the accident herein mentioned.” This is followed by the allegation as to the happening of the accident through the negligence of the defendants and without fault on the part of the plaintiff.

There is no allegation that the defendant Heitmann was charged with any duty in respect to the highways of the city of New York by statute or otherwise, and no affirmative act on his part which might constitute a nuisance is alleged. The complaint proceeds against him upon the apparent theory that he owed the plaintiff, in respect to this sidewalk, .the same duty that is imposed by law upon municipal corporations which are given control of the streets within their jurisdiction, while, as a matter of, law, the defendant Heitmann owed no other duty than to refrain from doing any act affirmatively which should render the highway dangerous, and in the absence of some fact showing that the defendant Heitmann had violated a duty which he owed to .the plaintiff there is no cause of action stated.

No obligation to repair streets or sidewalks rests upon the lot owners at common law, but the duty so to do, if any, arises out of the statutory obligations imposed by the State or municipality upon them (City of Rochester v. Campbell, 123 N. Y. 405, 412), and there is in this case no allegation that any such duty had been imposed upon the owners of abutting property. In the case above cited, and which is recognized as authority in Tremblay v. Harmony Mills (171 N. Y. 598, 602), it was held that even where the ordinances of the city required the abutting owners to clean the walks, a neglect of that duty did not impose a liability upon, the lot owner who had failed to act, because, as the court say, “ There is nothing -in this statute showing that the duty of repairs was imposed upon the lot owners for the benefit of the public generally, or any particular class of individuals.”

If the complaint had alleged that the defendant Heitmann by spme affirmative, wrongful act hacl caused the sidewalk to be broken down, or if it had alleged that the defendant Heitmann had wrongfully conducted water into this depression from his ¡premises and had thus created a nuisance, it would have stated' a good cause of action, » but the respondent occupies a very different relation to the sidewalk in question from that of the municipality and he cannot be held liable upon the same theory, as is clearly recognized in Tremblay v. Harmony Mills (supra, 602) in distinguishing City of Rochester v. Campbell (supra).

The plaintiff, if he has .a good cause of action,, is abundantly protected iñ his rights by an action against .the municipality (City of Rochester v. Campbell, supra, 414), and having failed to distinguish between the. relations of the .defendant Heitmann and the city of New York to the plaintiff he must abide the rule of law as established by authority.

The interlocutory jüdgmént appealed from should be affirmed, with costs. ■

Hirschberg, P. J., Jenks, Rich and.Miller, JJ., concurred.

Interlocutory judgment affirmed, with costs.  