
    Edwin Wolf and Others, Respondents, v. Union Waxed and Parchment Paper Company, Appellant.
    First Department,
    January 19, 1912.
    Discovery — examination of party before trial — examination of nonresident plaintiffs — practice — stay of proceedings for failure to obey order.
    The provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure with respect to the examination of parties before trial apply to non-residents as well as to residents of the State, and the party entitled to such examination is not obliged to resort to the other provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure relating to taking depositions without the State.
    The court may stay the proceedings of a non-resident party who refuses or fails to obey an order of the court of which he has had notice, even though it has not been personally served within the State.
    Whether proceedings on the part of a non-resident plaintiff should be stayed by reason of his refusal to obey an order for examination before trial depends upon the facts presented.
    Proceedings in an action by non-resident plaintiffs should be stayed because of their failure to obey an order to appear and be examined before trial where they themselves make no opposing affidavits, and the affidavit of their attorney merely states that the court has no jurisdiction over-them, that the transactions in question occurred in the office of the plaintiffs in this .State while those sought to be examined were in charge of the foreign office, and that they are not familiar with the facts, for the attorney’s affidavit with respect to the plaintiff’s knowledge is no evidence thereof.
    Moreover, such stay should be granted where it is not apparent that it will be a great hardship on the plaintiffs to come from their office in Philadelphia for examination here at a time to be agreed upon to suit then-convenience.
    
      
      It seems, that where an order for the examination of non-resident plaintiffs before trial has not been served personally upon them within the State, but only upon their attorney, the court has no jurisdiction to . punish them for a failure to appear for examination.
    Miller, J., dissented, with opinion.
    Appeal by the defendant, the Union Waxed and Parchment Paper Company, from an order of the Supreme Court, made at the New York Special Term and entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 18th day of December, 1911, denying the defendant’s motion for a stay of all proceedings on the part of the plaintiffs until three of them submit to an examination pursuant to an order duly made, for their examination before trial herein.
    
      Lucius L. Gilbert, for the appellant.
    
      Walter J. Rose, for the respondents.
   Laughlin, J.:

The plaintiffs constitute a firm of stockbrokers having offices and operating in New York and Philadelphia. The action is to recover the value of certain interest coupons upon fifty negotiable bonds issued by the defendant, which were hypothecated With the plaintiffs by one Gardner as security for loans and advances made and to be made by them to him. The defense pleaded is, among other things, that the bonds were owned by the defendant; that it employed Gardner to sell them, and that plaintiffs had notice that Gardner was not the true owner. An order was duly made for the examination of all of the plaintiffs on the 11th day of September, 1911, and under it four of them have been examined. The three plaintiffs who have not been examined reside in Philadelphia. Four days after the original order for the examination was made plaintiffs obtained an-order to show cause why it should not be vacated, and their motion to vacate it was denied four days later, and a time for their appearance for examination was again fixed. They have acquiesced in this order without either appealing or applying for leave to renew their motion to vacate ■ the order on the ground that the plaintiffs who have not been examined have -no personal knowledge of the transactions in question and can give no material testimony, or on the ground that they will be seriously inconyenienced if required to attend for examination within the jurisdiction of the court, or that for any reason they are unable to come here for examination. The order has not been served personally on the parties who have not been examined, hut it has been served on their attorney. The court, of course, has no jurisdiction until personal service of the order within the State is made to punish the plaintiffs for failing to appear for examination. (Tebo v. Baker, 77 N. Y. 33; Grant v. Greene, 121 App. Div. 756; Goldenberg v. Zirinsky, 114 id. 827; Hall v. Gilman, 87 id. 248; Farmers’ Nat. Bank v. Underwood, 90 Hun, 342; 6 App. Div. 373.) The provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure with respect to examination of parties before trial, however, apply to non-residents as well as to residents of the State (Wallace v. Bacon, 143 App. Div. 211), and a party entitled to such examination is not obliged to resort to the other provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure with respect to taking depositions without the State. It is competent for the court and it is proper practice to stay the proceedings of a non-resident party who refuses or fails to obey an order of the court of which he has notice even though it has not been personally served upon him within the State. (Campbell v. Bauland Co., 41 App. Div. 474; Dudley v. Press Pub. Co., 53 Hun, 347; 58 id. 181; Balestier v. Tribune Assn., 69 Misc. Rep. 72; Farmers’ Nat. Bank v. Underwood, supra; Dennis v. Stock, Grain & Provision Co. of N. Y., Ltd., 144 App. Div. 585.) Whether such an order for examination as against a non-resident should he permitted to stand, or whether proceedings on his part should be stayed depends upon the facts presented to the court on the application. The court will not ordinarily allow an 'order for the examination of a non-resident party to stand or to he used to stay proceedings on his part where the circumstances show that it was not obtained in good faith or is unnecessary or unreasonable, or will put the party to great inconvenience or expense to comply with it without any corresponding benefit to the other party. In the case at bar no affidavit is presented by the parties who have not been examined. Their attorney merely presents an affidavit to the effect that the court has not acquired jurisdiction over them, and that all. of the transactions in question occurred in the New York office, and that the parties who have not been examined were in charge of the Philadelphia office and are not familiar with the facts relating to the issues herein, but manifestly his affidavit with respect to his client’s knowledge is no evidence as to the fact. Here not only did the transaction out of which the action arises take place in New York but the plaintiffs were regularly conducting business here and maintaining an office for that purpose. Moreover it is not apparent that it will be a great hardship to plaintiffs to come over from Philadelphia and submit to an examination here at a time, which doubtless ■ can be agreed upon by counsel, to suit their convenience.

It follows, therefore, that the order should be reversed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements, and the motion granted,

■ with ten dollars costs.

Ingraham, P. J., Clarke and Scott, JJ., concurred; Miller, J., dissented.

Miller, J.

(dissenting):

Sections 818 and 814, article 1, title 3, chapter 9, of the Code of Civil Procedure plainly require personal service within the State on the person, sought to be examined, of an order for the examination of a party or a witness pursuant to that article. (Tebo v. Baker, 77 N. Y. 33.) It is not a prerequisite to the granting of the order that such person be a resident of the State. Non-residents frequently come here, especially from nearby places, and it may fairly be assumed that residents of Philadelphia are frequently in the city of New York, and may, therefore, be personally served with process within this State. The reason, therefore, for granting an order for the examination within the State of a non-resident party is not sufficient to justify the extension of the statute to a case not within it. Indeed,.it is a sufficient reason to vacate an order that it was not applied for in good faith with a reasonable expectation on-the part of the applicant of being able to serve it within the State,' e. g., when the party sought to be examined resides at a place so remote that there is no likelihood of his being within the State. (Gilroy v. Interborough-Metropolitan Co., 120 App. Div. 883; Wallace v. Bacon, 143 id. 211.) In the last case Presiding Justice Ingraham said: “Where a party sought to be examined resides in a foreign country and is not at the time of the granting of the order and never has been within this State, and there is no possibility of ever being able to serve the person sought to be examined, there is ground for saying that the order for the examination of such person within this State was not for the purpose of obtaining the testimony, but as a basis for some further application to the court because of the failure of the person required to appear for examination to appear and be examined.” We should not permit an order to be used as the basis of an application when we would vacate it if it appeared on the face of the papers that it was obtained for such use.

The service on the attorney was ineffectual. The plaintiffs have not in any sense disobeyed or disregarded an order which ■ as to them can have no vitality until it is personally served upon them within the State. The case is not one of an attempt by a party to evade the process of the court. None of the cases cited by my brother Laughlin go so far as to support the order about to be made, and a recent decision by this court in the Second Department is directly opposed to it. (Goldenberg v. Zirinsky, 114 App. Div. 827.)

Article 2 of said title provides for the taking of depositions without the State for use within the State. Section 887 provides that the “ applicant, or any other party to the action may be thus examined.” Section 888 provides that “such a commission may be issued, in either of the following cases: * * * 5. Where an issue of fact has been joined, in an action pending in a court of record, and the testimony is material to the applicant, in' the prosecution or defense thereof. ” It is within the discretion of the court whether a deposition under article 2 be taken upon written interrogatories or oral questions (See § 893), but unless good reason should be shown for providing otherwise, the court would doubtless issue ■ an open commission for the examination of parties residing so near to the city of New York as Philadelphia. It thus appears that the statute has expressly provided for the taking of depositions of both parties and witnesses, both within and without the State, for use within the State. Said article 1 provides for the taking within the State of the deposition of a party or witness whose testimony “is material and necessary for the party making such application, or the prosecution or defense of such action ” (§ 812, subd. 4), in case personal service on the person sought to be examined can be made within the State. Article 2 provides for the taking without the State of the deposition of a party or witness whose “testimony is material to the applicant ” in the prosecution or defense of the action, and obviously was intended to cover cases in which personal service within the State could not be made. If the defendant really desires to examine the plaintiffs, who reside in Philadelphia, it should go about it in the way provided by the statute. It will certainly be no more inconvenient for it to send a lawyer to Philadelphia or to employ one there to. conduct the examination than it will be for three plaintiffs to come to ¡New York for its accommodation.

It surely will not be urged that this court has the power to require the plaintiffs to come to ¡New York to submit to an examination before trial, or that it may directly impose that requirement as a condition of their right to prosecute an action in the courts of this State. That is' the effect of the order about to be made, and even conceding the power to do indirectly what may not be done directly, I think we should not exercise it in the face of express statutory provisions governing the case, and, therefore, vote to affirm the order.

Order reversed, with ten dollars costs and. disbursements, and motion granted, with ten dollars costs.  