
    Sims et al. v. Bonner et al.
    
    
      (Superior Court of New York City, General Term.
    
    December 14, 1891.)
    1. Security fob Costs—Discretion of Court.
    The right of defendant to demand security for costs from a non-resident plaintiff (Code Civil Proe. § 3268) is absolute, unless waived by loches, in which case the court may exercise its discretion in granting the motion.
    2. Same—Evidence.
    Summons in an action by a non-resident was served December 19¡ 1890; defendants appeared January 7, 1891; complaint was served May 9, 1891; time to answer extended to August 1, 1891; and an order to show cause why security for costs should not be given was obtained July 24, 1891. It did not appear but that defendants, from the first, were aware of plaintiff’s non-residence. Held, that defendants had forfeited their absolute right to demand security for costs.
    ■'3. Same—Addition of Resident Plaintiff.
    Defendants having moved for security for costs after the addition of resident plaintiffs, the motion was properly denied, under Code Civil Proe. § 3270, which provides that, “if there are two or more plaintiffs, defendant cannot require security for costs to be given unless he is entitled to require it of all the plaintiffs. ”
    Appeal from special term.
    Action by George Y. Sims and another against Edward L. Bonner and •another. From an order denying a motion to compel plaintiffs to file security for costs, defendants appeal.
    Affirmed.
    Argued before Freedman, McAdam, and Gildersleeve, JJ.
    
      Charles W. Gould, for appellants. Holmes & Adams, for respondents.
   Gildersleeve, J.

It is well settled that defendant’s right to demand security for costs, under section 3268 of the Code, from a non-resident plaintiff, is absolute, unless defendant waives that right by loches, in which case it becomes discretionary with the court to grant the motion, upon defendant’s satisfactory explanation of his delay. See Buckley v. Gutta-Percha Co., 3 Civil Proc. R. 428; Churchman v. Merritt, (Sup.) 2 N. Y. Supp. 843; Wood v. Blodgett, Id. 304; Robertson v. Barnum, 29 Hun, 657; Healy v. Railway Co., 1 Civil Proc. R. 15; Abell v. Bradner, 3 N. Y. Supp. 20; Kleinpeter v. Enell, 2 Civil Proc. R. 21; Ryan v. Potter, 4 Civil Proc. R. 80. It has also been held that, if the plaintiff was a non-resident at the commencement of the action, he is not excused from giving security for costs by subsequently becoming a resident. See Ambler v. Ambler, 8 Abb. Pr. 340. In the present case, assuming the plaintiff Sims was a non-resident of the state at the time of the commencement of the action,—of which there seems to be some doubt,—were .the defendants guilty of loches in making their motion for security? There is no very well defined rule as to what constitutes loches in a case of this kind. The court of appeals, some years ago, held that the motion for security for costs may be made at any time before trial, (see Gedney v. Purdy, 47 N. Y. 676;) but the majority of more recent decisions have held that the motion should be made before the answer is served, (see Stevenson v. Railroad Co., 14 Civil Proc. R. 384; Robertson v. Barnum, 29 Hun, 657; Hay v. Power, 2 Edw. Ch. 494; Weber v. Moog, 12 Abb. N. C. 108.) In most of the more recent authorities, the doctrine is laid down that the defendant must act promptly, or he waives his absolute right to security for costs, under section 3268 of the Code, and it then becomes discretionary with the court to grant the motion. See Hayes v. Railroad Co., 4 Civil Proc. R. 84; Buckley v. Gutta-Percha Co., 3 Civil Proc. R. 428, and cases above cited. In the case under consideration the summons was served on December 19,1890; the defendants appeared on January 7, 1891; the time to serve the complaint was extended from time to time until it was finally served on May 9,1891; and the defendants’ time to answer was extended to August 1, 1891. The order to show cause why security for costs should not be given was obtained on July 24, 1891, and the motion was finally argued on August 7,1891. We find no claim that defendants were not aware of the fact, if fact it be, that the plaintiff was a non-resident from the very first. Under these circumstances, the defendants forfeited their absolute right, and it became discretionary with the court to grant the motion.

The addition of two, presumably resident, plaintiffs affects adversely the defendants’ claim. The action was commenced in the name of George V. Sims alone, who, as the defendants insist, was then a non-resident. Subsequently, on April 13th, an order was entered making Gulliver and Ellen T. Sims additional plaintiffs, both of whom, in the absence of any claim to the, contrary, must be presumed to be residents. See Fisher v. Charter Oak Co., 14 Abb. N. C. 32. Afterwards, and on July 24th, the defendants made their motion for security. There were then at least two resident plaintiffs, and the defendants must take the case as it stood when they made their motion. Consequently, under section 3270 of the Code, they were not entitled to the security demanded. For the reasons above indicated the order appealed from is affirmed, with costs. All concur. 
      
       Code Civil Proc. N. Y. 3270, provides, with respect to motions for security for costs, that, “if there are two or more plaintiffs, the defendant cannot require security for costs to be given unless he is entitled to require it of all the plaintiffs. ”
     