
    Bernhardt Jackson, Plaintiff, v. The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, Defendant.
    (Supreme Court, Richmond Trial Term,
    October, 1910.)
    Contracts — Interpretation of contract — Particular agreements — Agreements establishing limitations of actions.
    Principal and agent — Mutual rights, duties and liabilities — Accounting to principal and reimbursement of agent — Construction of agreements relating to — Agreements establishing limitations of actions.
    A provision in an agreement between an insurance company and its -agent, that no suit shall be maintainable until ten days after service upon th-e president or secretary of the company by registered letter of a written claim, is to -be construed as intended to permit communication with distant agents by -mail but not to restrict them to demands by mail -only; and where, in an action !by the agent to recover moneys overpaid the company by mistake, it is alleged in the complaint that repayment of -moneys alleged to have been overpaid has been duly demanded, an answer setting up such provision of the agreement between the parties is insufficient in law upon the face thereof.
    Nor is such an action within the scope of a provision in the said agreement that no suit relating to the employment of -said ■agent shall be brought after six months from the date of the ■transfer of the business of said agent.
    Demurrer to defenses in an action to recover an overpayment made by mistake.
    Richard J. Donovan (Herbert D. Cohen, of counsel), for demurrer.
    Woodford, Bovee & Butcher (Frederick O. Tanner and H. Clark Barber, of counsel), opposed.
   Putnam, J.

Plaintiff, formerly an agent of defendant, having brought suit for the recovery of $800 alleged to have been overpaid to defendant by mistake, defendant interposed two defenses claiming that the action was barred. To these defenses plaintiff demurred.

The first defense, alleging that under the agreement no suit is maintainable until ten days after service upon the president or secretary of the defendant company by registered letter of a written claim, is met by the allegation in the complaint that repayment of said sum of $800 had been duly demanded. The requirement of a demand by registered letter cannot be insisted upon, provided a demand was made personally or upon a proper officer of the company, as such a clause is to be construed as inserted to permit communication with distant agents, but not to restrict them to demands by mail only. In the absence of the entire text of the alleged agreement, such a construction is the more reasonable one to be adopted.

The second defense, alleging that no suit “ relating to the employment of said agent should be brought after six months from the date of the transfer of the business of. said agent,” sets up the adoption of a short term of limitation — a provision which is to be strictly construed. The question is, what kind of a suit is thus to be barred in six months. The word “ employment ” may signify the act of hiring (People v. Hyde, 89 N. Y. 11, 17), or the occupation during the agency. The fact that the six months is to run from the transfer of the business, without regard to the question of any settlement or closing of the accounts, inclines to the narrowér construction. To hold that upon a transfer of the agent’s business, without any settlement or adjustment of his accounts, or if a settlement was upon an erroneous and improper statement of such accounts, the agent’s rights are to be entirely out off in six months' would, manifestly, be unjust. The payment of money by mistake creates an obligation at the time of such payment for its return — certainly upon the discovery of the error and proper demand — and if such error was not discovered until after six months, plaintiff’s remedy should not be forfeited except by words that are clear and unmistakable.

As, therefore, it does not appear that the present suit relates to the employment of the plaintiff, within this provision of the agreement, the six months’ limitation pleaded does not apply.

The demurrer' to the first and second defenses is, therefore, sustained.

Demurrer sustained.  