
    Dennis Crowley, Respondent, v. Patrick J. Gormley, Appellant.
    
      Landlord and tenants-a tenant who has assigned the lease and is obliged to pay the rent, may recover it. of the assignee—he is a surety for the assignee.
    
    Where a lessee lets a third party into possession of the demised premises under an arrangement which the lessee claimed was a tenancy from month to month, but which was subsequently adjudged to be an equitable assignment of the lease and, pending the settlement of the controversy, the lessee pays the rent of the premises to the landlord, he is entitled to recover the same from the equitable assignee, especially where it appears that the latter did not offer to pay the rent when it became due.
    In such a case the lessee becomes a surety for the equitable assignee, and the ■ landlord may pursues his remedy against either.
    Appeal by the defendant, Patrick J. Gormley, from a judgment of the Municipal Court of the city of New York, borough of Brooklyn, in favor of the plaintiff, rendéred on the 5th day of July, 1900.
    
      J. Gratton MacMahon, for the appellant.
    
      John B. Shanahan, for the respondent.
   Jenks, J. :

■ This is an appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Municipal Court- for the plaintiff, the assignee of O’Reilly. Hunt, by lease under seal, let certain premises to O’Reilly, who never took possession, but let defendant into possession by what O’Reilly claimed was a lease from month to month. In August, 1899, O’Reilly sought to dispossess the defendant as a holdover, but defendant had judgment. Subsequeñtly, O’Reilly proceeded to dispossess the defendant for .non-payment of rent, but the defendant had judgment that he was the equitable assignee of the lease. While these proceedings were being tried and while defendant was in possession O’Reilly paid to the landlord the rent of the premises 'for August, September, October and November,, 1899. O’Reilly’s assignee of the claim for the rent so paid by O’Reilly has recovered this judgment for the. amount thus paid. The sole contention of the appellant is that O’Reilly was. a volunteer, and that, therefore, this action did not lie. If O’Reilly was lawfully answerable to the landlord for the claim paid by him, then he was not a volunteer. (Koehler v. Hughes, 148 N. Y. 507, 511, citing Sanford v. McLean, 3 Paige, 117, 122.) Whether O’Reilly was answerable ot not depends upon, first, whether the defendant was liable to the landlord; second, whether O’Reilly was liable to the landlord, and, thvrd, whether he was justified, under the circumstances, in making the payments which are at the basis of this action. First. The defendant in possession as assignee of the term was liable to the landlord. (McAdam Landl. & Ten. [3d ed.] § 242; Sayles v. Kerr, 4 App. Div. 150, citng Frank v. N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. Co., 122 N. Y. 197; Dolph v. White, 12 id. 296, 300.) Second. O’Reilly being lessee was liable for the rent to the landlord. (McAdam Landl. & Ten. [3d ed.] §§ 238, 242; McKeon v. Wendelken, 25 Misc. Rep. 711, 714, and authorities cited.) And Judge McAdam lays down the rule that the lessor may pursue his remedy against both the lessee and assignee at the same time, though he can, of course, have but one satisfaction. (§ 239.) Third. I think that, on the evidence, O’Reilly was justified in making his payments under the circumstances. It was the tenant’s duty to seek out the landlord and to pay to him his rent, and if he failed so to do, then a default occurred, a right of action in the landlord accrued immediately as against O’Reilly as surety, and it was not necessary for the landlord to prove, as against the surety, a demand upon the assignee of the lease or notice of default by such assignee. (Brandt Surety. & Guar. § 201; Cass v. Shewman, 61 Hun, 472; Turnure v. Hohenthal, 4 J. & S. 79; Donaldson v. Neidlinger, 2 N. Y. Supp. 737.) So far as the defendant is concerned, all that appears is that m two of the months, and also for two of the months, he offered to pay the rent to the landlord, who declined it. He offers no testimony that he offered to pay the rent at the instant it fell due. I think, in the absence of all evidence contra, it may be inferred against defendant that the landlord only accepted the rent from O’Reilly as it fell due, and that O’Reilly, as surety, paid the rent only when it was due. (Wylde v. Northern R. R. Co. of N. J., 53 N. Y. 156, 163; McGuire v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co., 7 App. Div. 575, 589.) Moreover, the surety may, without request of the principal, pay the debt before it is due, and after it is due sue the principal for indemnity, and the cause of action accrues when the debt becomes due. (Brandt Surety. & Guar. § 205, citing authorities.) I think that the action lies (McKeon v. Wendelken, supra; Jackson v. Port, 17 Johns. 239, 479), and that the judgment must be affirmed.

The judgment must be affirmed, with costs.

All concurred.

Judgment of the Municipal Court affirmed, with costs.  