
    Curtis C. Bean v. John C. Mather and Francis N. Bixby.
    Where one partner, without the knowledge or authority of his copartners, endorsed the name of tlie firm upon a promissory note made for his individual benefit, and, being sued upon the note, he, without the knowledge or authority of the other partners, upon whom process had not been served, employed an attorney to appear not only for himself but for them, and judgment was rendered against all,—Held, notwithstanding there was an appearance by attorney, that the judgment would be set aside, under such circumstance, against the other partners, and that they would bo allowed to come in and defend.
    The appearance of an attorney without authority is a nullity. Bead?, j.
    Appeal by the plaintiff from an order made at Special Term (IIiltox, J.), November 19th, 1863, vacating a judgment as to defendants.
    It appeared from the affidavits read on the motion, that the plaintiff obtained in May, 1861, on a default and inquest at the Trial Term, a judgment against tlie defendants Mather, Bixby, McIntyre, and Samuel Osgood.
    The defendants McIntyre, Mather, and Bixby, were copartners in 13*31, under the" firm-name of McIntyre, Bixby N Co. The action was upon two promissory notes made by Osgood to McIntyre for his personal accommodation, and by him indorsed in the firm-name McIntyre, Bixby & Co. without the knowledge of authority of his partners. The notes not being paid at maturity, action was brought thereon. McIntyre employed counsel to defend the action for all of the defendants. The defendants Matlier and Bixby were not served with process, and had no knowledge of the pendency of the action, or retainer of the attorney who appeared for them.
    From an order vacating the judgment as to the defendants Mather and Bixby, with leave to answer, the plaintiff apjeealed to the General Term.
    
      D. M. Porter, for the appellant.
    A. Spaulding, for respondents.
   By the Court.

Brady, J.

The rule of law that an appearance by a responsible attorney without collusion, is binding upon the person for whom he appears, and that for any injury resulting to him therefrom, such person muff pursue the attorney, has not been enforced rigorously in this State. The defendant has generally been permitted to come in and defend. Such was the order made in Denton v. Noyes (6 Johns. R., 296); in which the cases illustrative of the rule mentioned are collected and commented upon; also in the cases of Grazebrook v. McCreedie (9 Wend., 437); and Sterne v. Bentley (3 How. Pr. Rep., 331); in which the defendants were copartners, and one of them had employed an attorney to act for both, without the knowledge of his associate ;—also in the case of Blodget v. Conklin (9 How. Pr. Rep., 442), in which the defendants were joint debtors, and had both been served with process, hut in which one of the defendants, without the authority of the other, employed an attorney who appeared for both.

These cases are precedents for affording the relief granted by the judge at Special Term, and making it apparent that the order appealed from should he affirmed. I think, however, that the rule itself is unjust. . It has been, in effect, repudiated in Allen v. Stone (10 Barb., 547). It was said by Kent, Ch. J., in Denton v. Noyes (supra), in reference to it that “ the cases may not seem correct if we were to reason from first principles.” It is asailed in Williams v. Van Valkenburg (16 How. Pr. Rep., 144), by Johnson, J., as unju.pt in principle, although ho -n ;f “ I do not,however, propose at this day to abrogate the rule a" it now stands.” In Shelton v. Tiffin (6 How. U. S. Rep.. 183) the rule, though" recognized, was repudiated. Mc'Luax, J “ But the appearance by counsel who had no authority to war. <* process, or to defend the suit for E. L. Perry, may he explained. An appearance by counsel under such circumstances, to the prejudice of a party, subjects the counsel to damages, hut this would not sufficiently protect the rights of the defendant, lie is n>>t, hound by the proceedings, and there is no other principle which can afford him adequate protection. The judgment must he considered a nullity.” The antiquity of the doctrine neither commands iny respect nor excites my veneration. It is in derogation of the rule that a man does nothing when he acts neither in person nor by agent or attorney duly authorized. It is subversive of hi-, right of defence and trial by jury, and strips from him the protection of the doctrine that his property shall not he talon -aw by the judgment of his peers. It no doubt originated in the theory that the plaintiff was innocent, not having connived at the appearance by the unauthorized attorney, hut that is no reason for imposing two burdens on the defendant who is equally innocent, the burden of paying the judgment improperly obtained against him and of prosecuting the attorney who violated his right. The burden was cast upon the wrong person. The plaintiff should have been compelled to sue the attorney if he was damnified by the improper appearance. It is not difficult to see that the greater loss must, under the rule referred to, fall on the defendant who has to pay the judgment, and then pro.-ecuto the attorney. But without pursuing this subject further, and entertaining the opinion that the appearance of an attorney without authority is a nullity, and should he so declared, I think, as matter of precedent and of right and justice, the order appealed from should be affirmed.

Cardozo, J.

I concur in the conclusion that under the eircumsiapce.- of this case, the order appealed from is right, .and should he affirmed. "

Dalt, F. -T.—I agree that the order should be affirmed.

Order affirmed, with costs.  