
    Peter M. Wilson, Respondent, v. The New York Elevated Railroad Co. et al., Appellants.
    
    (New York Superior Court— General Term,
    August, 1894.)
    Proof that the elevated railroad structure projects over the sidewalk to within eight feet of the premises in question, obstructing the light, and that smoke, cinders and ashes are thrown upon the windows by passing trains, is sufficient to require a finding that there is substantial fee damage.
    In such a case it is proper to enjoin the operation of the road unless the easements are acquired by condemnation proceedings.
    Where a building is substantially a single structure, although it fronts on three streets, the railroad company, as a trespasser, is liable for past damages to the entire building caused by its acts in the street upon which its structure exists, and is not entitled to have its liability limited by arbitrary lines.
    Appeal from judgment entered pursuant to the decision of a judge after trial of the issues at the equity term.
    
      Julien T. Davies and William H. Godden, for appellants.
    
      Ira D. Warren, for respondent.
    
      
       Received too late for insertion in proper place.— [Reporter.
    
   Freedman, J.

The judgment appealed from awards to the plaintiff the sum of $5,680 for past damages, and provides for a perpetual injunction restraining the defendants from operating their elevated railway in front of plaintiff’s premises, unless the defendants within six months acquire in the regular course of -condemnation proceedings title to so much of plaintiff’s property as was taken by them for the purposes of their railroad.

The plaintiff is the owner of a block of land lying between Greenwich and Hudson streets on the west and east, and running along Bank street on the south. When this suit was commenced it was covered by a six-story building having a front of about 120 feet on Greenwich street. There were twenty windows on each floor. This building was supplied with a steam power plant, and the different floors were rented to tenants with power for manufacturing purposes. The building was burned April 16, 1891. In its place another building was erected exactly like the one destroyed, except that the new building has a wall through the center, parallel with Greenwich street, and is one story higher. This, however, is of no importance on this appeal, as the judgment gave to the plaintiff damages only to April 29,1890, the date of the commencement of the action. The elevated railroad structure comes within eight feet of the Greenwich street front and obstructs the light along said front. There are four posts set in the sidewalk in front of the building. The structure projects over the sidewalk. Smoke, cinders and ashes are thrown into and upon the windows. Upon the whole case the evidence is abundant that there is substantial fee damage. No other conclusion could have been reached by the trial judge. As that is all that was determined, and the amount was left to be ascertained by condemnation proceedings, it is not necessary to notice any of the exceptions taken by the defendants to rulings affecting only the amount of such damage. This amount is to be determined by the commissioners in condemnation proceedings according to the rules which govern in such proceedings. For the reasons stated no "error was committed in refusing to dismiss the complaint and in granting to the plaintiff equitable relief.

It is insisted, however, that there was error in determining the past damages, because in such determination the trial judge took into consideration the alleged interference by defendants with plaintiff’s easements in Bank street. There is no valid foundation for this claim. The mere fact that the plaintiff in his complaint alleged such interference in Bank street as well as in Greenwich street is of no importance if plaintiff is apt to claim more than he is entitled to. In fact the plaintiff claimed $20,000 for past damages and was awarded the sum of $5,680. There was no error in refusing the following finding which the' defendant requested to be made, viz.: “ The plaintiff’s easements in Greenwich street appurtenant to said lot and premises are within the space enclosed by the northerly and southerly lines of the said lot, produced across Greenwich street.” In the first place the request was that the proposition contained therein should be found as a conclusion of law, and, if not so found, that it should be found as a finding of fact. This.practice has been expressly condemned by the Court of Appeals in Steubing v. N. Y. Elevated R. R. Co., 138 N. Y. 658. It is now completely abolished by the Code amendments of 1894. In the second place, the case of the plaintiff is not to be thus restricted because the easements appurtenant to plaintiff’s premises by virtue of their frontage on Greenwich street are not limited as contended for by the defendants. The decisions by the General Term of the Supreme Court in Galway v. Metropolitan El. Ry. Co., 35 N. Y. St. Repr. 628 ; 128 N. Y. 132, and by the General Term of this court in Kearney v. Metropolitan El. Ry. Co., 59 N. Y. Super. Ct. 563 ; 129 N. Y. 76, are. fatal to defendants’ contention on this point. As matter of fact, the building on the entire premises of the plaintiff was a single structure, although it fronted on three streets. That being so, the defendants, as trespassers, are liable for the past damages inflicted by their acts on Greenwich street upon the entire property in the condition it was when injured'by them, and they are not entitled to have their liability limited by arbitrary lines. This proposition seems to be settled by the decisions of the Court of Appeals in Stevens v. N. Y. Elevated R. R. Co., 130. N. Y. 95, and Bischoff v. N. Y. Elevated R. R. Co., 138 id. 257. In the case first cited the reasoning of Greenwood v. Metropolitan El. Ry. Co., 26 J. & S. 482, was disapproved and the case of Mooney v. N. Y. Elevated R. R. Co., 30 N. Y. St. Repr. 561, was distinguished. The liability of the defendants being as stated, the judgment should not he reversed for the sole reason that, in the course of the examination of witnesses as to the physical effects of the elevated railroad upon plaintiff’s building, the questions were not always framed in such a way as to show distinctly that no claim was made for a separate infringement of an easement in Bank street. An examination of the whole record shows that at no time or stage of the proceedings did the learned trial judge entertain the idea that the plaintiff could recover anything for such a separate infringement.

Under all the circumstances disclosed the amount awarded for past damages is a reasonable one, and substantial justice seems to have heén doné. The record shows no exception which calls for reversal.

The judgment should he affirmed, with costs.

McAdam and Gildersleeve, JJ., concur.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.  