
    Agostino Bassi, as Administrator of the Goods, Chattels and Credits of Teanne Bassi, Deceased, Plaintiff, v. Frederick Orth and Patrick McAvoy, Defendants.
    (Supreme Court, New York Trial Term,
    March, 1908.)
    Independent contractors — Who are independent contractors — Effect of furnishing help.
    Tn an action to recover damages, for causing the death of the plaintiff’s intestate, against a truckman, who was delivering a large and heavy box of copper, and the owner of the copper, at whose place of business the delivery was being made, where it appears that the plaintiff’s intestate was killed by the box of copper which was permitted to fall upon the pavement; that the truckman had asked the representative of the owner to give him some help and the latter had sent men whom the owner employed to aid the truckman as requested, and that they were at work at the time under the direction and instructions of the truckman and were not at any time instructed by the owner or his representative, a verdict against the owner should be set aside.
    Motion by the defendant Orth, upon the trial justice’s minutes, to set aside the verdict and for a new trial on all the grounds specified in section 999 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
    Appell & Taylor (Albert J. Appell and George H. Taylor, of counsel), for defendant Orth and motion.
    Thomas J. O’Neill (Andrew Byrne, of counsel), for plaintiff, opposed.
   Giegerich, J.

The action is to recover damages resulting from the death of the plaintiff’s intestate, which it is claimed was caused by the defendant’s negligence. The complaint alleges that, on December 29, 1905, at Ho. 181 Prince street, Hew York city, the servants of the defendants so carelessly and negligently conducted themselves in reference to the unloading and management of a box of copper from a truck as to cause such box to fall upon the body of the plaintiff’s intestate, by reason of which she sustained injuries which caused her death. The defendant Patrick Mc-Avoy died on October 13, 1906, and as to him the action abated; but the cause was tried upon the issues raised by the answer of the defendant Orth. It appears from the evidence that when the accident happened the defendant Mc-Avoy was delivering to the defendant Orth, at his place of business, Ho. 181- Prince street, borough of Manhattan, a box containing sheet copper. The box was about nine feet long, thirty inches wide and two inches thick, and weighed between 500 and 700 pounds. It had been purchased by the defendant Orth of Hendricks Brothers, manufacturers of copper in the city of Hew York. The defendant Orth was at the time of the accident a coppersmith and a customer of said Hendricks Brothers, who employed the defendant Mc-Avoy to do their trucking. The defendant Orth’s place of business was on the northerly side of Prince street; and on the day in question the defendant McAvoy, after driving his two-horse truck containing the copper along the northerly curb and parallel thereto, with his horses facing east, had an interview with the assistant bookkeeper of the defendant Orth during the latter’s absence from his place of business. In the course of the conversation McAvoy stated that he had a load of copper for Mr. Orth, and asked for some help to unload the truck, whereupon the assistant bookkeeper directed four of the defendant Orth’s employees to give the driver (McAvoy) a help to unload his truck.” Thereupon two of the workmen went upon the truck while the other two remained in the street at the rear of the truck in order, as claimed, to keep the space within which the box would fall clear and to give warning of its fall. The case containing the copper was then pushed to the tail end of the truck by the men on the truck, including the defendant McAvoy,- and unloaded in such a way that it stood up in the street on the narrow side or edge, leaning against the truck. It is claimed by the defendant that the signal agreed upon was then given and the box was pushed over by the men on the truck; and while it was in the act of falling the plaintiff’s intestate, a little girl of the age of seven years and seven months, rushed from a fruit stand on the north side of the street against or under the falling box and was caught and received injuries which proved to be fatal. The rule applicable to the situation thus described is stated by Lord Cockburn in Rourke v. White Moss Colliery Co., L. R. (2 C. P. Div.) 205, in these words: “ But when one person lends his servant to another for a particular employment, the servant, for anything done in that particular employment, must be dealt with as the servant of 'the man to whom he is lent, although he remains the general servant of the person who lent him.” The Court of Appeals, in Higgins v. Western Union Telegraph Co., 156 N. Y. 75, after quoting the foregoing language, said (p. 80) : “ The true test in such cases is to ascertain who directs the movements of the person committing the injury.” All of the defendant’s witnesses testified that the driver, the defendant McAvoy, was on the truck with the two workmen giving directions to them as to the manner of unloading the truck and assisting them in such work. While it is true that August Chichiecola, a witness called by the plaintiff, testified that the driver was standing-on the track near the horses, holding the lines, it would appear from a reading of his testimony that the person he saw was not McAvoy, because he (the witness) testified that three men were upon the truck engaged in unloading it. The last part of his testimony accords entirely with that of the defendant’s witnesses, all of whom said that three men, including the driver, were in the rear of the truck when the-accident happened. Oaesar De Bono, the other witness to the accident who was called by the plaintiff, testified that he did not know exactly where the driver was, that he saw two men push the box when it was standing that way,” and that he saw another man by the side there,” and that he thought it was the driver. This witness further testified that he did not know which of the three men was the driver. Such testimony plainly shows that the defendant McAvoy was on the truck with the defendant Orth’s workmen when the accident occurred, and it must fairly he inferred from tlie testimony of all the witnesses that he was there directing the movements of the workmen and giving instructions to them as to the manner of unloading the box. The evidence fails to disclose that the defendant Orth was under any obligation to assist the defendant McAvoy, the truckman of Hendricks Brothers, in the delivery to him of copper purchased by him of them. Moreover, the defendant Orth testified that he did not at any time instruct any of his employees to assist McAvoy in unloading his track when the latter delivered copper at his place of business. In such circumstances, if the defendant Orth’s assistant booldceeper saw fit to accede to the request of McAvoy for assistance in unloading the truck by placing at the latter’s disposal the services of his employer’s workmen, it was clearly an act not within the scope of his authority. Assuming, however, but without deciding, that the act of lending the defendant Orth’s workmen to McAvoy was within the assistant bookkeeper’s authority, the defendant Orth is not liable for the alleged negligence of such workmen in unloading the truck. Although the latter were in the defendant Orth’s general employ and pay, they nevertheless, while so assisting in the unloading of the truck, were not engaged in the work of the defendant Orth, but of McAvoy, who exclusively directed their movements. For the foregoing reasons, as well as for others urged in support of the motion but not discussed by me, the verdict should be set aside and a new trial granted.

Motion granted.  