
    Henry G. Burleigh, Plaintiff, v. Leander A. Bevin and Others, as Executors, etc., of Albert C. Cheney, Deceased, Defendants.
    (Supreme Court, Washington Special Term,
    December, 1897.)
    Single joint adventure — Action far contribution for a share of a loss suffered — Prior accounting unnecessary.
    The fact that three persons entered into a single joint-stock speculation, in which they were to share and bear profits and losses equally, does not make them partners in a strict sense; and, although there has been no accounting had between them, one, who' has borne the whole loss, may maintain, against the executor of a deceased associate, an action at law to recover one-third of the loss, and this, although the remaining associate has not been made, a party to the action.
    
      Demubbeb to complaint on the ground that it does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, and that there is a defect of parties defendant.
    Frank E. Smith, for plaintiff.
    William V. Simpson, for defendant.
   McLaughlin, J.

The plaintiff brings this action to recover of the defendants one-third of the loss alleged to have been sustained by him in a stock speculation in which he, Albert 0. Cheney (defendants’ testator) and Warner Miller were equally interested. The defendants .have- demurred to the complaint on the ground that it does not state facts sufficient to constitute' a cause of action, and that there is a defect of parties defendant. The complaint charges that Cheney, Miller and the plaintiff entered into an agreement to buy, for the purpose of reselling at a profit, certain stock of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Company; and that the profits, if any were realized, were to be equally divided between them; and that the losses, if any, were to be borne in the same manner; that in pursuance of the agreement purchases were made with money furnished or provided by the plaintiff and the stock thereafter sold and a loss sustained in the sum of nine thousand nine hundred and seventy-three dollars and seventy-two cents ($9,973.72), which was paid by plaintiff; that no part of this sum was paid by defendants’ testator, and by reason thereof the plaintiff] is entitled to recover against the defendants one-third of such loss, viz., three thousand three hundred and twenty-four dollars and fifty-seven cents ($3,324.57).

By demurring, the defendants admit not only every material fact stated in the complaint, but also every fact that can reasonably and fairly be implied therefrom; they admit the agreement, the| purchase and sale of the stock; that all of the money was provided by plaintiff; that a loss was sustained in the amount named; that; this loss has all been paid by plaintiff, and that, under the agreement, one-third was to be paid by their testator. They also admit that this constitutes the whole transaction, and that it is closed. Admitting all these facts, does the complaint state' a cause of action? The correct answer to be given to this inquiry depends upon the answer to be given to the further inquiry, and that is, whether one .party to a transaction similar to the one set out in the complaint can maintain an action at. law to recover a proportionate share of the loss sustained before there has been a final settlement of the accounts between all the parties to it? It is, undoubtedly, the general rule that one partner cannot maintain an action against his copartner for any matters growing out of the partnership affairs, until there has been a final settlement of the ' accounts between them. The reason of the rule ‘ is obvious —■ until all the- affairs of the partnership have been adjusted there can be no adjudication of the complete rights, of the parties as to any single transaction connected with it. In other words, until an account is taken the court is not in a position to do full justicie/ between the parties. But did the transaction in question, under the agreement referred to, constitute the parties to it partners in such a sense as to bring them within the reason of the rule above referred to? I think not. There was no general partnership in the sense in which that word is usually understood. The agreement was simply to share the profits and bear the losses of a single transaction. There were not aud could not be any joint debts or mutual accounts to be adjusted. After the sale of the stock nothing remained to be done except to divide the profits or contribute to the losses, and no good reason can be assigned why an action at law, under such circumstances, should not be maintained to recover a proportionate share of the losses sustained or profits - made. Musier v. Trumpbour, 5 Wend. 274; Fry v. Potter, 12 R. I. 542; Wann v. Kelly, 5 Fed. Repr. 584; Wheeler v. Wheeler, 111 Mass. 247; Canfield v. Johnson, 144 Penn. 61. Thus, in Fry v. Potter, supra, where an action was brought to recover one-third of a loss " sustained in a land speculation, in which three parties were equally interested, the court, in affirming the direction of a verdict, said:. “We think the instruction was right. There was no general partnership, but only an agreement to share the gains and losses of a particular adventure, the entire capital for which was furnished-by the plaintiff’s testator. There were no joint debts or liabilities, and no mutual claims subsisting to be adjusted. The transaction was closed and the losses ascertained. Hothing remained for the defendant to do but pay his share of them. ■ The case is not intrinsically distinguishable from an ordinary case in assumpsit; and, even without precedent, we should have little, difficulty in maintaining the action.- There are, however, respectable*, precedents for it.” And to the same effect is Wann v. Kelly, supra, where the plaintiff, defendant and a third party entered into an agreement to sell 300 shares of stock of the Northern Pacific Railroad Company short, and the defendant managed the speculation and sold, and the transaction resulted in a net profit of $2,000. The plaintiff sued for his one-third and the question was there raised, as here, that the action could not be maintained until after an account had been taken, but the court said: It is also' urged by the defendant that the plaintiff, if entitled to a share of' the profits, can only enforce his claim in equity. I think an action at law gives adequate relief. The parties were engaged in a single venture, and the defendant, having appropriated the proceeds to his own use, made himself debtor to the plaintiff.” . It seems to me, therefore, upon principle and authority, that the action is well brought and that the complaint states a cause of action. If the complaint does state a cause of action, then Miller is not a necessary party.

But it is suggested that Miller may make a similar claim against defendants, and, therefore, he ought to be -made a party to the action. There are two answers to this suggestion, (1) If the facts stated in the complaint are true he cannot make a valid claim; (2) If he does make such claim then the defendants’ remedy is by interpleader. Equity Gas Light Co. v. McKeige, 139 N. Y. 237.

The demurrer is, therefore, overruled, with leave to answer on payment of costs.

Demurrer overruled, with leave to answer on payment of costs.  