
    Mabel Hanson, Respondent, v. Henry Marcus and Others, Appellants.
    
      Attachments — statements when presumed to be made upon personal knowledge — a statement that am, amount is due over and above all counterclaims may be made by an agent.
    
    Statements in affidavits, upon which an attachment has been granted, will be presumed to have been made upon personal knowledge, except when they are stated to have been made upon information and belief, or where it appears affirmatively, or by fair inference, upon the face of the affidavit itself, that the statements could not have been made, and were not made, upon personal knowledge.
    An .affidavit made by an agent, that the amount claimed in the complaint is due above all counterclaims known to the agent or to the plaintiff, is sufficient; the law does not require that the statement in question shall be made by the plaintiff himself.
    Upon súch an application the facts must be proved to the satisfaction of the judge; not necessarily by presenting to him the best evidence, but by presenting such evidence as is competent in its nature, and sufficient to prove the facts.
    Appeal by the defendants, Henry Marcus and others, from an order of the Supreme Court, made at the New York Special Term, and entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 3d day of July, 1896, denying their motion to vacate an attachment.
    
      B. N. Cardozo and A. J. Simpson, for the appellants.
    
      Arthur Rothschild, for the respondent.
   Per Curiam :

James S. Hanson, upon whose affidavit this attachment was granted, testified that he was the duly authorized agent, manager and attorney in fact of the plaintiff. Following that statement in the affidavit, he proceeded to state as of his own knowledge the facts upon which it was claimed that the plaintiff had a cause of action against the defendants. It appears from the affidavit that all the business, transacted between the plaintiff and the defendants under the agreement which lay at the foundation of the cause of action, was had with the agent; but whether or not Hanson was that agent, does not appear by direct statement. Since, however, the statements in the affidavit purport to be of his own knowledge, it must be assumed, following the case of Ladenburg v. Commercial Bank (5 App. Div. 219), that he had knowledge of the facts as to which he swore. The rule laid down in that case, which is founded upon good sense, is that statements in affidavits will be presumed to have been made upon personal knowledge, except when stated to have been made upon information and belief, or where it appears affirmatively or by fair inference upon the face of the affidavit itself that the statements could not have been made and were not made upon personal knowledge. There is nothing in the affidavit here from which it can be even inferred that Hanson did not have personal knowledge of all the facts "lie stated; and applying the rule as above laid down, it must be assumed that he knew whereof he spoke.

It is claimed, however, that the allegation in the affidavit, that the amount claimed in the complaint was due above all counterclaims known to Hanson or to the plaintiff, should have been made by the plaintiff; and the rule is invoked that, in such cases, it is the duty of the party asking for the attachment to furnish to the judge the best evidence which can be procured. The law -does not so require. The provision of the Code requires that the facts must be proved to the satisfaction of the judge. (Code Civ. Proc. § 636.) That is done, not necessarily by presenting to Mm the best evidence, but by presenting such evidence as is competent in its nature and sufficient to prove the fact; and when that has been done, the requirements of the statute have been complied with. That has been done in this case, because the transactions were had with the agent, and the presumption is that the agent and manager of the plaintiff was the person who knew as to the condition of her affairs with the defendant.

For these reasons we think the affidavit is sufficient, and that the order denying the motion to vacate the attachment must be affirmed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements.

Present — Barrett, Bumsey, Patterson and Ingraham, JJ.

Order affirmed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements.  