
    JOHN S. GITTINGS vs. FRANK G. SCHENUIT, As Infant.
    Automobiles: collisions; negligence; case withdrawn from jury.
    
    A large automobile, brilliantly lighted, left the court of the Lyric, in Baltimore City, after the performance of an opera; on coining out into Mt. Boyal Avenue, the machine ran into a small automobile which was not provided with lights, as required. by law, and was very dark; it appeared that the larger machine had not advanced until tile signal was given by the police officer in charge of vehicles on that occasion; that it was being driven very slowly, and that as soon as the chauffeur perceived the other automobile he did all that he could to avert a collision; in an action for damages brought against the owner of the larger machine by the owner of the smaller machine which was run into, it was held, that in the absence of any evidence of negligence on the part of the defendant or person operating his machine the case was not one proper to be submitted to the jury. p. 287
    The mere violation of an ordinance or statute will not support or defeat an action (for injuries received by the party injured), unless it is shown that the injuries were directly occasioned by such neglect. p. 286
    
    
      Decided January 14th, 1914.
    
    Appeal from the .Baltimore City Court. (Stump, J.)
    The facts are stated in the opinion of the Court.
    
      The cause was argued before Boyd, C. J., Briscoe, Burke, Thomas, Pattison, Urner, Stookbridoe aud Constable, JJ.
    
      William Colton, for the appellant.
    J. Leroy Hopkins, for the appellee.
   Boyd, C. J.,

delivered the opinion of the Court.

This is an appeal from a judgment obtained by the appellee against the appellant for damages to his automobile alleged to have been sustained by the negligence of the defendant’s agent. There are eleven bills of exception presenting rulings on evidence, and one presenting the rulings on the prayers — the two offered by the plaintiff having been granted and four of nine offered by the defendant having been rejected.

The automobile owned by the plaintiff was a small, one which he was using at the time in delivering packages. He purchased it second-hand and paid only $50.00 for it, although he said he afterwards spent about $100.00 on it. One peculiarity of the case is that the verdict rendered was just double what the automobile had cost the plaintiff, including repairs and improvements to it, and that too notwithstanding the fact that it was repaired after the accident for $'75.00. But of course the only concern this Court could have with that would be whether the measure of damages allowed by the Court was correct, and in the view we take of the case it is not necessary to consider that question.

The defendant’s automobile was an eighteen liorse-power Packard, which seated four persons inside and two outside, but at the time of the accident there were five inside- There was an opera at the Lyric that night, and on such occasions policemen are stationed at the entrance to the court connected with the Lyric, so as to direct the movement of automobiles and the people crossing the pavement along Mt. Royal avenue, on which the Lyric is situated. The chauffeur had been waiting with his car on the corner of Oliver street and Mt. Royal avenue when young Mr. Gittings notified him that the rest of the family were ready. He then drove in to the court, got the family in the car and after blowing his hom the policeman stationed at the pavement signalled to him to come on. The chauffeur thus described what then took place: “I comes out of there and as soon as I got about the width of my car, which is about fourteen feet long, away from that car there, well, fourteen and the end of my car would be about twenty-eight feet, some black thing shot out of there like that (indicating), and I was coming ont and I throwed my brakes on and I cut her over this way (indicating), that brings my wheel in this way and throws my spring out, the mud guard of this machine hits the hind wheel, and the mud guard of the machine grabs him in the hind wheel, and it is his own force that swings him around this way. I was to a dead stand-still.” The plaintiff and one other boy were riding in the front of his automobile and another boy was in the rear, but neither of them saw the defendant’s car before the accident — although they said that just before it struck a bright light shot into the plaintiff’s car. There is not a particle of evidence to show that the defendant’s car was going fast, but, on the contrary, not only the evidence of the chauffeur, but that of Mr. O’Neill, connected with the Stewart Taxi Cab Company, who was standing on the pavement and was called as a witness by the plaintiff, shows that it was running at a moderate speed. There was a line of automobiles along Mr. -Royal avenue near the curb, with an open space to pass into the Lyric conrt. The plaintiff testified, “T was on the righthand side of the street, I should say about six feet away from the other automobiles that were travelling along the curb.” One of the boys who was in the car with the plaintiff, on cross-examination described the situation as follows: “Q. And if you had been looking in the direction of his machine before the collision you would have seen these radiators displaying this luminous light, would you not? A. At that time there were automobiles all lined up and down Mt. Royal avenue leaving a little space for this roadway that come out of the Lyric into Mt. Royal avenue. Q. Was this an opera night? A. Yes; I think it was. Q. And there were a great many automobiles congregated there, waiting for their occupants, is that right? A. Yes. Q. Row, your automobile threaded its way along through this narrow passage, the only passage open at that time? A. Yes. about a yard and a half from these other automobiles. Q. About a yard and a half away, that is the lane you kept in ? A. Yes.” The uncontradieted evidence is that the defendant’s car had four bright lights in front and two in the rear, while the plaintiff’s car only had one (what he called) motor-cycle gas lamp in front, and a red light in the rear. The statute (Sec. 14!) of Art. 56 of Code of 1912) requires that from one hour after sunset until one hour before sunrise, every motor vehicle (excepting motor cycles) shall “display two or more white lights on the forward part of such vehicle, so placed as to be seen from the front and of sufficient illuminating power to be visible at a distance of two hundred feet, and shall also display on the rear of such 'vehicle a lamp so placed that it shall show a red light from the rear and a white light at the side.” The attorney for the appellee, who has shown commendable zeal and industry, as well as ability, in the preparation of his brief, has cited a number of authorities to show that the violation of the statute by his client did not prevent a recovery by him, unless it was the proximate cause of the injury. Amongst others he cited Babbitt on Law of Motor Vehicles, sec. 952; Bourne v. Whitman, 209 Mass. 155; Belleveau v. Lowe Supply Co., 200 Mass. 237; and also some of our own decisions to the effect that the mere violation of an ordinance or statute bjr a defendant will not of itself support an action for injuries sustained, but that it must be shown that the act which constituted the breach of the ordinance or statute was the proximate cause of the accident. B. & O. R. R. Co. v. State, use of Miller. 29 Md. 252; McMahon's case, 39 Md. 438; McDonnell's Case. 43 Md. 534; Reidel v. P., W. & B. R. R. Co., 87 Md. 153, and also section 144 of Article 56. But conceding that such is the general rule, the. difficulty that confronts the plaintiff is that he has utterly failed to prove negligence on the part of the defendant’s agent in charge of the car, and the plaintiff’s failure to provide the lights required by the statute strengthens the position in effect taken by the chauffeur, that he did all he could to avoid the accident when he discovered the plaintiff’s car. If the plaintiff had had such lights as the statute requires, it may have been that the chauffeur would have seen them in time to have prevented the collision, and without meaning to hold, that the mere failure to comply with the statute in the respect spoken of, was such contributory negligence as to prevent a recovery, it would require much more evidence than there is in this record to support a recovery by a plaintiff, who was running his car at a place and under circumstances which not only required him to be on the alert to avoid injury to himself and others, but tq give reasonable notice of his approach, which he, in a very important respect, wholly failed to do. If he had had such lights as the statute requires, they might or might not have been seen by the defendant’s chauffeur, but we cannot assume that they would not have been. Certain it is that the chauffeur was not made aware of the approach of a car by the light that was in front of this one. The line of automobiles that stood near the curb would necessarily somewhat obstruct the view of the chauffeur coming out of the Lyric court, and if the plaintiff was on the lookout as he should have been as he approached the place leading into that court he had a much better opportunity to know that the defendant’s car was moving into Mt. Boyal avenue, by reason of the bright lights on it, than the defendant’s chauffeur had of the approach of the plaintiff’s car, which only had such a light on it as has been described.

The defendant’s agent had as much right to run his car out of the Lyric court and across Mt. Boyal avenue to the street which would take him to his destination, as' the plaintiff had to run his car on that avenue. So far as the record shows the chauffeur did everything that he was called upon to do, and nothing that he had no right to do. His car complied with the requirements of the statute, he blew his horn as he approached the avenue, received the signal from the policeman to move on, and there was nothing to warn him of this car crossing the path he was about to take. He was running at a moderate speed and according to the uncontradicted evidence, just as soon as he discovered the plaintiff’s car he used all reasonable efforts to avoid a collision with it. It was not negligence on his part to look ahead of him as he started to cross the avenue, but on the contrary it was his duty to keep a sharp lookout in the direction he was going. It-may be that Mt. Royal avenue is well lighted about the place where the accident happened, but with the number of automobiles that were standing on the sides of the street and some that were moving, the attention of the chaffeur was not likely to be attracted to the car of the plaintiff when it was so poorly lighted.

Ender the circumstances it is impossible for us to say that there was legally sufficient evidence of negligence on the part of tire defendant’s agent to justify the Court in submitting the case to the jury. If the chauffeur was guilty of negligence in what he did, the plaintiff was certainly equally negligent in what he did and omitted to do. So without discussing tire other questions presented by the record we are of the opinion that the defendant’s first and second prayers should have been granted, and the judgment must be reversed without a now trial. This Court has determined too many cases in which there were similar prayers to require the citation of authorities, and the principles by which we must be governed in passing orr them áre so familiar and have been so often announced that we will not repeat them.

Judgment reversed, without awarding a new trial, the appellee to pay the costs.  