
    BRONSON HEALTH CARE GROUP, INC v TITAN INSURANCE COMPANY
    Docket No. 324847.
    Submitted March 9, 2016, at Grand Rapids.
    Decided March 15, 2016, at 9:05 a.m.
    Leave to appeal denied 500 Mich 951.
    Bronson Health Care Group, Inc., brought an action under the no-fault act, MCL 500.3101 et seq., in the Kalamazoo Circuit Court against Titan Insurance Company, seeking penalty interest under MCL 500.3142 and attorney fees and costs under MCL 600.2591. Plaintiff provided medical services to Amber French for injuries she sustained during an accident when she was a passenger in a vehicle. Plaintiff submitted applications for personal protection insurance benefits to the Michigan Automobile Insurance Placement Facility. Plaintiff sought payment under the Michigan Assigned Claims Plan (MACP) for the services it had provided to French. After plaintiff submitted documentation that the owner of the vehicle did not have automobile insurance for the vehicle on the date of the accident and that French and the driver of the vehicle also did not have automobile insurance on that date, MACP assigned plaintiff’s claim for benefits to defendant. Defendant received itemized statements from plaintiff regarding the charges for services it provided to French, a “UB04” form, medical records, and the police report, but defendant did not approve payment for the charges until more than nine months later, after defendant had independently confirmed French’s eligibility for benefits. Plaintiff moved for penalty interest under MCL 500.3142 because defendant had failed to pay plaintiff’s claim within 30 days of reasonable proof of the fact and of the amount of loss sustained, and plaintiff also moved for attorney fees and costs under MCL 600.2591. The trial court, Pamela L. Lightvoet, J., denied plaintiffs motion for penalty interest, concluding that defendant had paid plaintiffs claim within the required period because it made the payment within 30 days of when it independently confirmed French’s eligibility for benefits. The court also denied plaintiffs motion for attorney fees under MCL 600.2591, reasoning that plaintiff was not entitled to attorney fees and costs because it found meritorious defendant’s defense of payment within 30 days of independent confirmation. Plaintiff appealed.
    
      The Court of Appeals held'.
    
    1. MCL 500.3142(1) provides that personal protection insurance benefits are payable as loss accrues. Under MCL 500.3142(2), those benefits are overdue if not paid within 30 days after an insurer receives reasonable proof of the fact and of the amount of loss sustained. In this case, the trial court erred by concluding that defendant properly delayed paying personal protection insurance benefits until after its independent investigation confirmed that French was eligible for those benefits under MACP. By doing so, the trial court improperly read into the statute that penalty interest was not available until more than 30 days after an assigned carrier confirms for itself, on its own timeline, a claimant’s eligibility for benefits. Instead, defendant was required to pay the benefits within 30 days of receiving reasonable proof of that fact and of the amount of loss sustained, regardless of the insurer’s own investigation. Remand was necessary for the trial court to find when defendant received reasonable proof of the fact and of the amount of loss sustained and for a calculation of penalty interest under MCL 500.3142, if necessary, following those findings.
    2. MCL 600.2591(1) requires that costs and fees be assessed against the nonprevailing party if a court finds that a defense in a civil action was frivolous. For purposes of MCL 600.2591, a defense is “frivolous” when the party’s legal position was devoid of arguable legal merit. A defense is devoid of arguable legal merit when it is not sufficiently grounded in law or fact, such as when it violates basic, longstanding, and unmistakably evident precedent. In this case, defendant’s argument that it was not liable for penalty interest because it paid the benefits within 30 days of its own investigation confirming French’s eligibility for benefits was devoid of arguable legal merit because it was contrary to longstanding and unmistakably evident precedent. The defense was frivolous, and the trial court erred by denying plaintiffs request under MCL 600.2591(1) for attorney fees.
    Reversed and remanded.
    Insurance — No Fault — Personal Protection Insurance — Overdue Payments by Insurer.
    An assigned insurer must be provided reasonable proof of both the fact and the amount of a loss sustained for the insurer to be liable under MCL 500.3142 for penalty interest on payments of personal protection insurance benefits not made within 30 days after such proof is received by the insurer; the 30-day period begins running once the insurer is provided reasonable proof of both the fact and the amount of a loss sustained, not when the insurer independently confirms, on its own timeline, the insured’s eligibility for benefits.
    
      Miller Johnson (by Thomas S. Baker and Christopher J. Schneider) for Bronson Health Care Group, Inc.
    
      Harvey Kruse, PC (by Lanae L. Monera and Daniel J. James), for Titan Insurance Company.
    Before: O’CONNELL, P.J., and MARKEY and MURRAY, JJ.
   MARKEY, J.

In this action under the no-fault act, MCL 500.3101 et seq., plaintiff Bronson Health Care Group, Inc., appeals by right the trial court’s order denying its motions for penalty interest from defendant Titan Insurance Company under MCL 500.3142 and for attorney fees and costs from Titan under MCL 600.2591. Because defendant failed to comply with MCL 500.3142, we reverse and remand to the trial court.

On May 9, 2013, Amber French, a passenger in a vehicle driven by John Capp, was involved in an automobile accident. French suffered multiple fractures, respiratory problems, and a dislocated left hip. Bronson provided French with medical care from May 9,2013, to May 14, 2013, and on May 16, 2013. Bronson charged $51,596.13 for French’s care.

On July 31, 2013, and August 29, 2013, Bronson submitted applications for personal protection insurance benefits to the Michigan Automobile Insurance Placement Facility. Bronson sought payment under the Michigan Assigned Claims Plan (MACP) for the services it had provided to French. Those applications were denied by the MACP because they did not contain information regarding whether the owner of the vehicle (neither French nor Capp owned the vehicle) had automobile insurance for the vehicle.

On September 12, 2013, Bronson submitted a third application for benefits under the MACP that indicated the owner of the vehicle did not have automobile insurance for the vehicle on the date of the accident and that French and Capp did not have automobile insurance at the time of the accident. On September 24, 2013, the MACP assigned Bronson’s claim for benefits regarding its treatment of French to Titan. After the assignment, Titan received itemized statements regarding Bronson’s charges for the medical care Bronson provided to French, a “UB04 form,” medical records, and a police report regarding the May 9, 2013 accident. Although Titan received this information on September 24, 2013, it did not issue payment to Bronson within 30 days.

On January 14, 2014, Bronson filed its complaint against Titan, alleging that it was owed (1) payment of personal protection insurance benefits from Titan, (2) penalty interest on the unpaid charges until they were paid in full, and (3) attorney fees.

French was deposed on July 10, 2014, and she testified that at the time of the accident she was not living with relatives, she did not own or use a vehicle, and she was not married. On August 4, 2014, Titan sent a letter to Bronson, indicating that it was willing to pay Bronson’s charges in the amount of $51,596.13, but refused to pay penalty interest for its delay in paying the claim. Thus, Titan did not pay the claim until on or after August 4, 2014.

On September 4, 2014, Bronson filed its motion for penalty interest under MCL 500.3142 and for attorney fees and costs under MCL 600.2591. On September 19, 2014, Titan filed its response and argued that at the time it received Bronson’s claim from the MACP on September 24, 2013, contradictory information in Bronson’s three applications to the MACP created questions related to French’s eligibility to obtain personal protection insurance benefits through the MACP. Titan argued that its investigation into French’s eligibility concluded when French was deposed and her testimony provided evidence that she was eligible for insurance benefits through the MACP. Titan concluded that because it paid Bronson’s claim within 30 days of its investigation confirming French’s eligibility for benefits, it was not liable to pay penalty interest. For the same reason, Titan argued that Bronson was not entitled to attorney fees or costs.

On September 29, 2014, the trial court held a hearing on Bronson’s motions for penalty interest under MCL 500.3142 and for attorney fees and costs under MCL 600.2591. It entered an order on October 10, 2014, denying Bronson’s motions on the basis of Titan’s reasoning.

On appeal, Bronson argues that the trial court erred by denying its request for penalty interest pursuant to MCL 500.3142. MCL 500.3142(1) provides that “[personal protection insurance benefits are payable as loss accrues,” and MCL 500.3142(2) provides in relevant part that “[p]ersonal protection insurance benefits are overdue if not paid within 30 days after an insurer receives reasonable proof of the fact and of the amount of loss sustained.” MCL 500.3142(3) provides that “[a]n overdue payment bears simple interest at the rate of 12% per annum.” The penalty interest provision in MCL 500.3142(2) is “intended to penalize an insurer that is dilatory in paying a claim.” Williams v AAA Mich, 250 Mich App 249, 265; 646 NW2d 476 (2002). A trial court’s finding regarding “whether a communication qualifies as reasonable proof of the fact or amount of a claim” is reviewed for clear error. Id. The proper interpretation of a statute and its application to the facts present questions of law reviewed de novo. Bronson Methodist Hosp v Mich Assigned Claims Facility, 298 Mich App 192, 196; 826 NW2d 197 (2012).

Titan argues that it had no obligation to pay personal protection insurance benefits to or on behalf of French until it was demonstrated that French was eligible to obtain those benefits through the MACP, notwithstanding that the MACP only itself assigns a claim after reviewing a claimant’s eligibilty. The trial court agreed with Titan’s argument when denying Bronson’s request for penalty interest. We disagree with both Titan’s and the trial court’s analysis. Michigan courts have repeatedly construed MCL 500.3142(2) in accordance with its plain language (requiring “reasonable proof of the fact and of the amount of loss sustained”) and have not allowed an assigned insurer additional time beyond the statutory 30 days to conduct its own investigation regarding the eligibility of the claimant to receive benefits. See Cruz v State Farm Mut Auto Ins Co, 466 Mich 588, 596; 648 NW2d 591 (2002) (explaining that once an insurer receives “reasonable proof of the fact and of the amount of loss sustained,” the statute clearly requires the benefits be paid within 30 days, or they are overdue); Roberts v Farmers Ins Exch, 275 Mich App 58, 67; 737 NW2d 332 (2007) (“Benefits are overdue if they are not paid within 30 days after the insurer receives reasonable proof of the fact and amount of the loss sustained.”); Univ of Mich Regents v State Farm Mut Ins Co, 250 Mich App 719, 735; 650 NW2d 129 (2002) (stating that under MCL 500.3142, a claimant is not required to prove that the insurer acted arbitrarily or unreasonably delayed in payment of benefits; an insurer is liable for penalty interest if it does not pay the claim within 30 days after receiving reasonable proof of loss). Accordingly, the trial court erred by concluding that Titan’s initial position that French might be ineligible for personal protection insurance benefits justified Titan’s failure to comply with MCL 500.3142(2) until it conducted enough discovery to satisfy itself that French was, indeed, eligible for benefits.

In Williams, 250 Mich App at 267, this Court held that the plaintiffs letter setting forth the total bill for medical services and accompanied by a statement from the hospital constituted “reasonable proof of the fact and of the amount of loss sustained” as required by MCL 500.3142(2). In this case, Titan received documents on September 24, 2013, that provided evidence French was in an automobile accident, injured, sustained significant medical bills for her care and treatment, and that neither she, the driver, nor the vehicle owner was covered by insurance. It is undisputed that Titan paid the claim on or after August 4, 2014. Atrial court’s finding regarding “whether a communication qualifies as reasonable proof of the fact or amount of a claim” is reviewed for clear error, id. at 265, but the trial court here made no finding as to whether the information communicated to Titan qualified as reasonable proof of the fact and amount of a claim in accord with MCL 500.3142(2). Instead, the trial court focused on Titan’s arguments regarding French’s eligibility for benefits. In doing so, the trial court improperly read a requirement into the statute: that penalty interest was not available until more than 30 days after an assigned carrier confirms for itself and on its own timeline a claimant’s eligibility for benefits. Courts cannot read a requirement into a statute that the Legislature has “seen fit to omit.” Book-Gilbert v Greenleaf, 302 Mich App 538, 542; 840 NW2d 743 (2013). Accordingly, we reverse the trial court’s denial of penalty interest under MCL 500.3142(2) and remand for findings regarding when Titan received “reasonable proof of the fact and of the amount of loss sustained,” as that phrase is interpreted by caselaw, and for a calculation of penalty interest.

Bronson also argues that the trial court erred by denying its request for attorney fees and costs under MCL 600.2591. MCL 600.2591(1) provides that

if a court finds that a civil action or defense to a civil action was frivolous, the court that conducts the civil action shall award to the prevailing party the costs and fees incurred by that party in connection with the civil action by assessing the costs and fees against the nonprevailing party and their attorney.

A defense is “frivolous” when “[t]he party’s legal position was devoid of arguable legal merit.” MCL 600.2591(3)(a)(iii); see also Jerico Constr, Inc v Quadrants, Inc, 257 Mich App 22, 35-36; 666 NW2d 310 (2003) (recognizing the definition of “frivolous” as set forth in MCL 600.2591(3)). A defense is “devoid of arguable legal merit if it is not sufficiently grounded in law or fact, such as when it violates basic, longstanding, and unmistakably evident precedent.” Adamo Demolition Co v Dep’t of Treasury, 303 Mich App 356, 369; 844 NW2d 143 (2013) (quotation marks and citation omitted). A trial court’s findings regarding whether a claim or defense was frivolous and whether sanctions may be imposed are reviewed for clear error. 1300 Lafayette East Coop, Inc v Savoy, 284 Mich App 522, 533; 773 NW2d 57 (2009).

Again, Titan’s argument before the trial court was that because it paid Bronson’s claim within 30 days of its own investigation confirming French’s eligibility for benefits, it was not liable to pay penalty interest under MCL 500.3142. But as discussed earlier in this opinion, Titan’s argument regarding its liability to pay penalty interest under MCL 500.3142 was devoid of arguable legal merit because it was contrary to “basic, longstanding, and unmistakably evident precedent.” Adamo Demolition Co, 303 Mich App at 369. Accordingly, Titan’s defense to penalty interest pursuant to MCL 500.3142 was frivolous under MCL 600.2591, and the trial court clearly erred by denying Bronson’s request for attorney fees. 1300 Lafayette East Coop, Inc, 284 Mich App at 533 (explaining that this Court reviews for clear error a trial court’s findings on whether a claim or defense was frivolous). We reverse the trial court’s denial of attorney fees and costs pursuant to MCL 600.2591 and remand to the trial court for a determination of appropriate sanctions.

We reverse and remand to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.

O’Connell, P.J., and Murray, J., concurred with Markey, J. 
      
       Titan Insurance Company filed a third-party complaint against State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company in the trial court. That complaint was dismissed, and no issues regarding that complaint are raised on appeal.
     
      
       The Michigan Automobile Insurance Placement Facility has the responsibility to adopt and maintain an assigned claims plan. MCL 500.3171; MCL 500.3301 et seq.
      
     
      
       MCL 500.3173a(l) requires the “Michigan automobile insurance placement facility [to] make an initial determination of a claimant’s eligibility for benefits under the assigned claims plan,” and unless the claimant is obviously ineligible, MCL 500.3174 requires it to “promptly assign the claim in accordance with the plant.]” “An insurer to whom claims have been assigned shall make prompt payment of loss in accordance with this act.” MCL 500.3175(1).
     