
    Charles A. Secor, as Administrator, etc., of Charles A. Secor, Deceased, Respondent, v. Tradesmen’s National Bank of the City of New York and Others, Appellants, Impleaded with Others.
    
      Action by an administrator — demurrer that he has not legal capacity to sue— right of a surviving partner in firm assets •— his relation to the personal representative ■of his deceased partner—right of the latter — his remedy .by action is for an acbounting, not to enforce particular claims.
    
    A complaint in an action brought by an administrator is not demurrable on the. ground that the plaintiff has-not legal capacity to sue, where it does not appear upon the face of the complaint that there is any defect in his appointment as administrator. There is a decided difference between a capacity to sue and the right to maintain an action.
    Upon the death of one of the two members of a firm, the legal title to all the personal property of the firm vests in the surviving partner, and the latter has the sole and exclusive right to enforce the collection of the choses in action belonging to the firm, to pay the firm debts and to liquidate the firm affairs.
    The relation existing between the surviving partner and the personal representative of the deceased partner is not that of trustee and cestui que trust, although it partakes somewhat of that nature.
    The personal representative of the deceased partner is entitled to have the assets of the partnership applied to the payment of the firm debts and to the distribution of any surplus that may remain.
    For the purpose of enforcing this right, the personal representative is entitled to maintain an action against the surviving partner for an accounting as to all his transactions, but he cannot maintain actions to enforce partnership claims or to reduce the partnership assets to possession. '
    
      Semble, that in case of fraud, wasteful mismanagement and disregard of the rights of deceased partners, the personal representative may maintain an action for an accounting and the appointment of a receiver by whom the partnership claims.may be enforced.
    Where, therefore, the personal representative of the deceased partner alleges that the surviving partner has refused to bring an action to recover a fund belonging to the partnership, and has attempted, without consideration, to release his claim thereto, but does not allege that the assets of the copartnership are sufficient to pay the firm debts, he cannot maintain an action against the surviving partner and persons who have received portions of the fund in question to compel an accounting with respect to such fund and the payment of the same to him for the following reasons, viz., that the right to maintain such an action is vested solely in the surviving partner, and that, in the absence of proof that the firm assets exceed the firm liabilities, the personal representative of a deceased partner has no beneficial interest in the fund.
    Appeal by the defendants, the Tradesmen’s National Bank of the City of New York and others, from an interlocutory judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 7th day of December, 1903, upon the decision of the court, rendered after a trial at the New York Special Term, overruling the said defendants’ demurrers to the plaintiff’s complaint.
    
      Charles M. Demond, for the appellants.
    
      Frank P. Ufford, for the respondent.
   Hatch, J.:

The complaint avers that Phineas Burgess, Charles A- Secor and James F. Secor were, prior to December, 1884, copartners, doing business under the firm name of Burgess & Secor; that Burgess died in 1884, leaving a last will and testament, which was admitted to probate, and David Myerle was appointed his executor and qualified as such; that Charles A. Secor died on December 23,1884, and letters of administration were duly issued to William H. Secor on January 26, 1885. After his death, and after letters of administration were issued, a last will and testament of the deceased was discovered. This will was duly admitted to probate, and the plaintiff was appointed administrator with the will annexed on May 15,1903. The defendant J ames F. Secor is the sole surviving partner of said firm. The complaint then avers that a contract was executed by the firm with the United States government for the construction of a war vessel, and out of the performance of this contract a claim arosé against the government; that on July 12, 1890, an agreement respecting such claim was entered into between Myerle, as executor, Secor, as survivor, and the defendant Tradesmen’s National Bank, a copy of which is attached to the complaint; that pursuant to such agreement the claim against the government was prosecuted in the Court of Claims of the United States, and resulted in a judgment against the latter in favor of Myerle, as executor, for the sum of $129,811.45; that this judgment was paid by the government by • delivery of its check or draft for that amount, drawn to the order of Myerle, and was by him indorsed to the defendant Logan, representing the firm of Logan, Demond & Harby, attorneys. Subsequently an action was begun by the Continental National Bank, which asserted a claim thereto. In this action a receiver was appointed and the draft, or its proceeds, was turned over to such receiver and was deposited, in court to await the result of such action. About April 28, 1899, final decree was entered in that action by the consent of the defendants Logan, .Demond & Harby, but without the khowledge or consent of James F. Secor,'the survivor, or the present plaintiff. By the terms of such judgment the Continental National Bank was decreed to be entitled to $11,000 and the remainder of the fund was paid over to Logan, Demond & Harby; that since the entry of this decree these defendants have paid to the defendant' bank and certain other persons, including the defendant Myerle, portions, of the fund; that Upon the. payment of the fund by the govern-1 ment James F. Secor, as surviving partner of said firm of Burgess. & Secor, became entitled to receive the same after deducting therefrom the expenses of the prosecution and such other sums as were mentioned in the agreement; that thereafter James F. Secor, as. surviving partner, demanded of the defendant bank and of Logan, Demond & Harby payment of the money so received, but said defendants refused to comply therewith; that thereafter on October 20, 1900, Secor, as surviving partner^ commenced an action against the defendant bank, Myerle, as executor, and Logan, Demond & Harby for an accounting of such sum; that thereafter, and on March 1, 1901, Secor, as surviving partner, undertook to release any individual claim that he might have against the bank, but that such release was without consideration and was made without authority; that thereupon this action was discontinued; that plaintiff has duly requested James F. Secor to bring this action for an accounting of this fund, and he has refused to bring the same; that the defendant bank is insolvent. Upon these averments the plaintiff demanded judgment that the defendant bank and the defendants Logan and others be required to account for the money so received and for the necessary disbursements and charges connected with the same, and that, the defendants be required to pay over to the plaintiff the balance found to be due on such accounting; that a receiver be appointed pending the action; that the defendant Myerle, as executor, be required to account for the money which he has received, and that such order or decree be made as to the interests of the plaintiff James F. Secor as may be proper and for such other and further relief as may seem equitable.

The agreement mentioned in the complaint provides for a prosecution of the claim against the United States and for the distribution of the fund if secured. The defendants separately demurred to the complaint, each upon the same grounds: First, that the plaintiff has not legal capacity to sue; second, that it appears upon the face of the complaint that there is a defect of parties plaintiff; third, that it appears upon the face of the complaint that causes of action have been improperly united; and, fourth, that the complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. So far as the first ground is concerned the demurrer is ineffectual. The plaintiff has legal capacity to sue, even though he may not have a cause of action. There is no defect in his appointment as administrator; or at least none appears upon the face of the complaint ; consequently, he has capacity to sue. There is a decided difference between a capacity to sue and the right to maintain an action. ( Ward v. Petrie, 157 N. Y. 301; Leggett v. Stevens, 77 App. Div. 612.)

The second ground is without foundation. There is no defect of parties plaintiff. The action is not founded upon the contract which is referred to in the complaint. It is founded upon the right of James F. Secor, as a surviving partner of the firm of Burgess & Secor, to receive the money which was realized from the government. James F. Secor was not made a party plaintiff for the reason that he refused to bring the action. He was, therefore, properly made a party defendant (Code Civ. Proc. § 448), assuming that the plaintiff has the right to maintain this action. Causes of action have not been improperly united. If the plaintiff can maintain the action as standing in the shoes of James F. Secor, the surviving partner, and he, as is averred,, was entitled to receive the whole of this fund, it is clear that he can maintain an action for an accounting of the same and have a recovery against all of the persons who acquired any part of it.

The fourth ground of demurrer proceeds upon the theory that the complaint does not state facts sufficient ‘to constitute a cause of action, and this presents the serious question upon these demurrers. It is evident that the legal title to-all of the personal property of the firm vested in the surviving partner. He had and has the sole and exclusive right to-liquidate and deal with such.property for purposes of liquidation as fully and completely as could the partners themselves; Being so vested with the legal title, the Cause of action was in him solely and exclusively. He alone could enforce the collection of choses in action, pay debts and liquidate the affairs of the firm. Such relation is not that of trustee of the personal representatives of the deceased copartners, although it partakes somewhat, of that nature. The- personal representatives of a deceased partner have an equitable right to have the assets of the partnership applied to the payment of firm debts and to the distribution of any surplus, ( Williams v. Whedon, 109 N. Y. 333.) It is- stated in the syllabus of that case : “ The time, manner and mode of paying the firm’s indebtedness,however, is under the exclusive 'control of the survivors.”' This is, perhaps, too broad a statement of the law, because if the survivor had absolute _ control as to the time when, he would -liquidate he. could, not be called upon to account. The right is of a- reasonable time in which to liquidate the affairs of the firm. In Preston v. Fitch (137 N. Y. 41) this case is cited with approval, and the rights of the representatives of the estate of a deceased partner as against the surviving partner are stated. So stated, it is the right of the personal representative to call the surviving partner to account. Undoubtedly an action upon a proper state-of facts will lie against the surviving partner at the instance of the representatives of a deceased partner for an accounting, not as to any specific or particular thing, but as to all of his transactions as surviving partner and liquidator. The complaint in this casé, however, is not based upon such theory. The theory of this complaint is that a cause of - action, exists in favor of Secor, as surviving partner, against the persons who have possessed themselves of this fund without right to hold the same as against him, and the plaintiff seeks to place himself in'Secor’s shoes and enforce this cause of action, based upon the theory that Secor has refused to bring such an action, has released the claim without consideration and that thereby this fund will be lost to the partnership of which he is the survivor unless the right to maintain this action is upheld. We think he must fail, for the reason that he does not show himself possessed of any beneficial interest in this fund, and he, therefore, has no standing to maintain the action to enforce a cause of action which is vested solely and exclusively in the surviving partner. The interest and the sole interest of the personal representative is in the surplus which remains of the firm’s assets after the payment and discharge of all of its obligations to creditors. Until that time arrives he has no beneficial interest whatever in the property. In' order to secure his right in this respect he may have an action against the surviving ■ partner, calling him to account, but he has no right to enforce claims and maintain actions to reducé to possession the assets of the partnership. It may be that an action can be maintained, based upon averments showing fraud, wasteful mismanagement and disregard of the rights of deceased partners. In such case personal representatives may maintain an action for an accounting and obtain the appointment of a receiver of the partnership assets, and upon the appointment of such receiver a cause of action may be vested in him to enforce the claim which is sought to be enforced in this action, but the plaintiff as personal representative has no such right. The complaint is destitute of any averment showing that the property of the firm is sufficient to pay all the debts and obligations of the copartnership, and until such event occurs plaintiff has no interest whatever as the personal representative of a deceased partner, as he has no more interest in the property of the copartnership, which is required to pay the debts of the copartnership, than any other stranger, so that it nowhere appears that he has the slightest beneficial interest in this fund. In the face of this fact plaintiff asks that an accounting be had of the specific fund; that it be decreed upon such accounting the sum to which the surviving partner would be entitled and that it be paid over to the' plaintiff. - If this should be granted it would not settle the copartnership affairs; there would be no liquidation of the firm’s accounts, and the liquidator would not be authorized to receive the fund. And this may be the result, although the personal representative has no interest whatever in this fund. Evidently the plaintiff is vested with no such right, and, consequently, the complaint fails to state a causé of action. This is for two reasons: First, that he has no right to ■ maintain an action which is solely vested in the surviving partner; second, that-he has not shown himself entitled to an accounting against the surviving partner. If he could in any view maintain this action, he would be required to show some beneficial interest which he has in this fund, and that will only arise when it is shown that there are no creditors of the copartnership remaining unpaid and that there is a surplus- for which the surviving trustee should account. In that surplus and in that alone he would have a beneficial interest.

The interlocutory judgment should, therefore, be reversed, and as it is evident that plaintiff cannot succeed in this action, the complaint should be dismissed, with costs to the appellants.

Van Brunt, P. J., O’Brien, Ingraham and McLaughlin, JJ., concurred.

Judgment reversed ana complaint dismissed, with costs to appellants.  