
    Moss v. Ashbrooks et al.
    A plea of former suit pending, is a plea in abatement.
    Pleas in abatement should be framed with the greatest accuracy and precision. They should be certain to every intent; without any repugnancy, and direct and positive in their allegations, and not argumentative.
    A plea to a bill in Chancery that a former bill had been brought for the same matters, a demurrer sustained thereto, an appeal to the Supreme Court prayed and granted, by which the jurisdiction of the case was transferred to the Supreme Court, where the matters arising upon the bill had not been adjudicated or determined, is not a good plea of former suit pending. The plea should allege specifically that the appeal had been regularly certified to the Supreme Court, and was still therein pending.
    To constitute a decree in Chancery, dismissing the cause, a bar to a subsequent bill for the same matter, between the same parties, there should be a decision on the merits.
    In this case a demurrer was sustained to the first bill, and complainant declining to amend, the bill was dismissed: Held, that such decree could not be pleaded as a bar to a second bill for the same matter.
    
      Appeal from the Chancery side of Pike Circuit Court„
    Bill in chancery, filed by John M. Moss, against Moses Ash-brooks, William Ashbrooks, William Boone, and wife, Angeline, determined in the Pike Circuit Court, in March, 1850, before the Hon. John Quilltn, chancellor!
    The bill alleged that Samuel Irwin, who died in Washington county, Mo., by his last bill bequeathed to the children of said Moses Ashbrooks: Samuel, Angeline, William and Mary Jane, three slaves, Caroline and her two youngest children, which will was duly probated, &c., and is exhibited.
    That defendants are the same persons named in the will. Said Samuel died without heirs, and Mary Jane was also dead.
    That the two youngest children of Caroline were male, and named George and Jefferson, and since the death of Irwin, Caroline had four other children, females: named Mary Ann, Catha-rine, Nancy and Malinda.
    That all the debts of Irwin were paid, and all of said slaves delivered by his executor to Moses Ashbrooks for his children; who was, in 1846, appointed by the Probate Court of Pike county, guardian for his children, Samuel, William, Angeline and Mary Jane, gave bond &c., as such, and holds the slaves in that capacity.
    That Angeline intermarried with Boone, one of the defendants.
    That about the 24th of December, 1846, complainant intermarried with said Mary Jane; and soon thereafter, said Moses Ashbrooks, representing himself, and pretending to act as the guardian of complainant’s wife, delivered to him two of the said negroes, George and Mary Ann, declaring that he had no further right to them, but that they' belonged to complainant in right of his wife, by virtue of said marriage.
    That complainant’s wife died, leaving an infant son, j ames Moss, issue of complaint’s marriage; and said infant died after his mother, without issue. That after their deaths, said Moses Ashbrooks took the said negroes from complainant, and holds, and refuses to deliver them up.
    That no partition or division of the slaves was ever made among the legatees, but those delivered to complainant were not more than his just share.
    That said Moses Ashbrooks never filed any inventory of the estate of his wards, or made any settlement in respect thereto; and has received and used the hire of said slaves for a long time without accounting therefor. He is insolvent, and very little could be made out of him, and his securities in the guardian’s bond are worth nothing of consequence. He and the other defendants design to run and remove the negroes. That] the will contemplates a division of the negroes whenever any of the chil ■ dren arrive at full age. That the delivery to complainant of the two negi’oes aforesaid vested in him the title, and he is entitled to them, but that said Moses Ashbrooks refuses to restore them to him, or account for their hire.
    
      Prayer — that a receiver be appointed to hold the negroes until decree, unless security is given, an account of hire &c., general discovery, and partition and division of the negroes amongst the legatees.
    The will gives the negroes to the children of Ashbrooks unconditionally, to be equally divided. By a subsequent clause it is expressed that “it is my will and devise that there should be a guardian appointed to take charge of the property until the four children come of age.”
    The defendants filed a plea, in substance as follows :
    “The said defendants, by protestation, not confessing any or all of the matters and things in complainant’s bill to be true, as the same are therein set forth, do plead thereto, and for cause of plea, say that heretofore and before the filing of said complainant’s bill, to wit: on the 3d day of June, 1848, the said complainant did exhibit his bill of complaint in this court against these defendants for the same matters and causes, and to the same effect, and for the like relief, and purposes as he the said complainant now doth by his present bill demand and set forth; to which said bill of complaint those defendants did interpose their general and several demurrer, and complainant joinedin said demurrer, to wit: at July term 1848, &c., and this court at said term did adjudge that said demurrer be sustained, and those defendants were by said judgment and decree hence discharged; from which judgment and decree complainant then and there prayed an appeal to the Supreme Court of the State of Arkansas, which said appeal was then and there granted in accordance with the form of the statute in such case made and provided; all which appears of record in this court; by means of which judgment and order granting an appeal, the jurisdiction of said causé, and the matters thereof was transferred to said Supreme Court; and the matters and things arising upon said bill have not been adjudicated or in any wise determined by said Supreme Court. Wherefore said defendants do plead said former bill and the proceedings, final decree and the appeal therein in bar of the present bill, &c., and pray if they should further answer, and to be dismissed,” &c.
    By agreement, the plea was set down for argument as to its sufficiency, in substance and form, and for trial as to its truth — a replication being filed in short.
    Complainants admitted the parties in the two bills to be the same.
    The court found the plea to be true in point of fact and in substance and form sufficient, and dismissed the bill, &c.
    The first bill and proceedings upon it, are made part of the record by bill of exceptions.
    The main facts of the first bill are the same as the last; but in the first bill complainant insisted that the delivery of the two slaves to him by Ashbooks as alleged, constituted a valid division, and prayed to have that division confirmed, and the negroes deliverd to him, and in the alternative for a division, &c., and for hire after the negroes were taken from complainant after the death of his wife. No- injunction, or receiver, is prayed in the first bill, or any charge made as to the insolvency of Moses Ash-brooks.
    The record of the proceedings on the bill shows a demurrer filed and sustained; complainant refused to amend, and elected ■to rest on the bill: defendants were discharged, with costs, and complainant prayed an appeal, which was granted. This was all the evidence adduced on the hearing of the plea.
    Pike &• Cummins, for the appellant.
    In pleading a former judgment at law and an appeal, it is necessary to state the appeal, ' and that the Superior Court has reversed or affirmed the judgment. It is not a final judgment if the appeal be pending. Story’s PI. 120, 185, 186. And so, in chancery. Sumado v. Furtado, 3 Bro. Ch. Rep. 61. 2 Paul. Ch. Pr. 758. In chancery the plea must show that the subject matter was res adjudicóla — an absolute determination that the party had no right. A mere dismissal of the bill for want of prosecution, or a dropping of the bill by complainant, or a mere dismissal unless on final hearing, never can be pleaded in bar. Brandelon v. Or A, 1 Atk. 571. Rosse & others ass. v. Burt & others, 4 J. Ch. R. 300 Holmes v. Remson, 7 /. Ch. R. 290. Neafie v. Neafie, 7 J. Ch. R. 1. Mitf. PI. in Eg., 278, 279, 280. Storys Eg, PL, sec. 790,791, &c. The plea in this case does not show any final decree whereby the rights of the parties were adjudicated directly and finally; and the proof does not go even as far as the allegations in the plea, for there is no showing in respect to the appeal further than the mere grant of an appeal.
    Watkins & Cumian, contra.
   Mr. Chief Justice Johnson

delivered the opinion of the court.

To this bill the defendants interposed their plea in which they alleged that the complainant had previously exhibited his bill in the same court against them for the same matters and causes and to the same effect, and for the like relief as that which is now demanded and set forth, that to the former bill they interposed their demurrer, which was sustained by the court, and they dismissed and discharged, and that the complainant at the same term of the court prayed an appeal which was then and there granted. They then averred that by means of the judgment and order granting the appeal, the jurisdiction of tl;o cause and the matters thereof was transferred to the said Supreme Court, and that the matters and things arising upon su'u^fili had not been adjudicated, or in any wise determined by .;aid Supreme Court, wherefore they pleaded said former bill, and the proceedings to final decree therein, and the appeal therein, in bar of the present bill, &c., and then concluded by praying the judgment of the court whether they should be compelled to make answer to said bill, .and to be dismissed with their costs, áse. The record shows an agreement by the parties, that this plea should be tried as well upon its sufficiency of form and substance as upon the truth of the allegations therein contained. The court below, upon the hearing, found the plea to be true and sufficient in substance, form and fact, and decreed that said plea be sustained, and that the complainant be barred from having or further prosecuting his bill in this cause against these defendants, and that said bill be dismissed, &c. Under this agreement the legal sufficiency of the plea is still an open question, and if the defence therein contained shall be found to be insufficient in law to bar the present suit, there will be an end of the case, and we shall be relieved of the necessity of passing upon the evidence adduced to establish its truth. The plea, though in terms in bar, is essentially in abatement as well in its subject matter as in its conclusion. We shall therefore treat it as a plea in abatement, and proceed to determine upon its legal sufficiency to defeat the present suit.

Is this plea so framed as to come up to the legal standard? As these pleas delay the trial of the merits of the action, the greatest accuracy and precision are required in framing them; they should be certain to every intent and be pleaded without any repugnancy. (See 1 Chitty’s Pl. 444.) It is also a rule in pleading that the plea shall be direct and positive in its allegations and not argumentative. This plea, when setting up the pendency of the first suit in this court, averred that by means of the judgment and order granting the appeal, the jurisdiction of the cause and the matters thereof was transferred to the said Supreme Court, and that the matters and things arising upon said bill had not been adjudicated or in any wise determined by said Supreme Court, wherefore they pleaded^said former bill and the proceedings to a final deeree therein, arid the apneal therein in bar of the present bill, &c. This is most clearly not such an averment of the substantive facts necessary to make the defence attempted to be set up .as .the law of pleading would recognize. There is no substantive averment that the appeal was ever certified to this court, or that it is still pending here, but on the contrary we are left to infer that these essential requisites have been complied with, from the allegations that a decree had been rendered, and an appeal prayed and granted, and from the argument that thereby the jurisdiction of the cause had vested In this court, and that the matters and things arising upon said bill had not been adjudicated or in any wise determined by said Supreme Court. The necessity for specific and substantive averments to the effect that the appeal had been regularly certified to this court, and that the same was still pending, is clearly deducible from the case of Clay’s ad. v. Notrebe’s Ex., (6 Eng. Rep. 639.) We are therefore clear that the certificate of the appeal and its pendency in this court, are not stated with that degree of directness and precision required by law, and that consequently the plea is insufficient and ought to have been overruled.

But let it be supposed that the plea is in fact what it purports on its face, which is a plea in bar, and then see whether it could so operate upon the state of facts as presented by the record. The decision of this question will depend upon the fact of whether the decree in the former action was directly upon the merits of the question in controversy, or whether it only operated to defeat the bill for the time being, but without having drawn in question the real merits of the cause. The case of Lipping v. Kedgwin, (1 Mod. 207,) is directly in point. In that case, an action in the nature of a conspiracy was brought by the plaintiff against the defendant, in which the declaration was insufficient. The defendant pleaded an ill plea, but judgment was given against the plaiqtiff upon the insufficiency of the declaration, which ought to have been entered Quod defendens eat inde sine die, but by mistake or out of design, it was entered Quia placetum praedic-tum in forma praedicta superius placelat, materia que in eodem con-tento, bonum et sufficiens in lege existet etc., ideo consideratum est per Cur, quod Quer. nil capiat per billam. The plaintiff brings a new action and declares aright. The defendant pleads the judgment in the former action and recites the record verbatim as it was, to which the plaintiff demurred. And judgment was given for the plaintiff, nisi causa, Sfc. North, Chief Justice, said, “There is no question but that if a man mistake his declaration and the defendant demurs, the plaintiff may set it right in a second action. But here it is objected that the judgment is given upon the defendant’s plea. Suppose a declaration be faulty, and the defendant take no advantage of it, but pleads a plea in bar, and the plaintiff takes issue, and the right of the matter is found for the defendant, I hold that in this case the plaintiff shall never bring his action about again; for he is estopped by the verdict. Or suppose such a plaintiff demur to the plea in bar: there, by his demurrer, he confesseth the fact, if well pleaded, and this estops him as much as a verdict would. But if the plea were not good, then there is no estoppel. And we must take notice of the defendant’s plea; for upon the matter as that plea falls out to be good or otherwise, the second action will be maintainable or not.” The other judges agreed with him in omnibus. The case of Rosse and others, assignees of Snow v. C. Rust and others, representatives of A. Rust, (4 J. Ch. Rep. 299,) and Neafie v. Neafie, (7 J. Ch. Rep. 1,) are equally direct and conclusive upon the question. In the former of those cases, there was a decree dismissing the bill in the first suit at the hearing (the cause having been set down for hearing by the defendant upon leave previously had and obtained on a previous default of the plaintiff,) because no person appeared on the part of the plaintiff. Upon that state of fact, the question was whether the decree in the former suit was a bar to the latter. The court, when responding to this issue, said, “The merits of the former cause were never discussed, and no opinion of the court has ever been expressed upon them. It is therefore not a cáse within the rulé rendering a decree a bar to a new suit. The ground of this defence by plea is, that the matter has been already decided, here has been no decision on the matter. In Brondlyn v. Ord, (1 Aik. 571,) Lord Hardwick said “that where the defendant pleads a former suit, he must show it was a res adjudicóla, or absolute determination of the court that the plaintiff had no title. A bill dropped for want of prosecution, is not to be pleaded as a decree of dismission in bar to another bill.” The same doctrine is stated in Lord Redesdale’s Treatise. (Milf. Pl. p. 195.) The decree in this case was equivalent to adjudgment of non-suit at law. The plea was overruled, and the defendants ordered to answer. The same court, in the case last referred to, said, “A bill regularly dismissed upon the merits may be pleaded in bar of a new bill for the same matter, for if the same matter or the same title should be drawn into question again by another original bill, it would as the cases say, introduce perjury, and make suits endless.” The cases to this point were referred to in Perine v. Dunn, (4 J. Ch. Rep. 142.) But in the cases I have looked into upon dismission of former bills, the new bill was brought by the same party who filed the original bill, and there is said to be a material distinction between a new bill by such a party and a new bill concerning the same subject by the defendant in the first suit. To make the dismission of the former suit a technical bar, it must be an absolute decision upon the same point or matter; and the new bill it is said must be by the same plaintiff, or his representatives, against the same defendant or his representatives.

A decree dismissing a bill upon the merits does not establish any new right to be carried into effect; it only declares that the plaintiff has failed to establish the equity which he had set up, and if he has had his claim dismissed upon the merits, he ought not to be permitted to sue the defendant again, with a fresh introduction of his claim.” The same doctrine is laid down in the case of Perine v. Dunn, (4 John. Ch. Rep. 141), where numerous authorities are cited by the court. It is clear that under these authorities the matter set up in this plea, if considered as pleaded in bar, is not a bar to this suit, and that therefore, even upon that ground, it should also have been overruled. We are satisfied, therefore, from every view which we have been able take of the defence set up in this case, that it is wholly insufficient to defeat the present suit, and that consequently the court below erred in deciding otherwise. It is therefore ordered, adjudged and decreed, that the decree of the Pike Circuit Court herein rendered, be and the same is herey reversed, annulled, and set aside with costs, and it is further ordered that the cause be remanded to said Circuit Court to be proceeded in according to law, and not inconsistent with this opinion,  