
    Patrick Cunningham, Pl’ff, v. The Pennsylvania, Slatington and New England Railroad Co., Def't.
    
      (City Court of New York, General Term,
    
    
      Filed October, 1887.)
    
    .Railroads—Unnegotiated bonds not property—Supplementary proceedings.
    The bonds of a railroad company held by a trustee or agent in escrow or for negotiation are not property in any legal sense, cannot be seized on legal process and their possession by the trustee or agent does not authorize supplementary proceedings against such possessors as third persons having property of the company, nor justify the appointment of a receiver. Such obligations become property only after they have been negotiated away to third persons for value. They then become property in flu. lawful holders and owners. •
    The plaintiff recovered judgment against the defendant, and after the return of an execution issued thereon unsatisfied, he obtained an order requiring Thomas Hillhouse, Esq., as president of the Metropolitan Trust Company, to appear and be examined concerning certain property of the judgment-debtor said to be in its possession. Upon the examination of Mr. Hillhouse, it appeared that the defendant, a corporation, organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the states of New Jersey and Pennsylvania, made its certain indenture of trust and mortgage conveying all its property and franchises upon the trusts therein expressed, as security for the payment of a series of first mortgage bonds to the number of 1,200, each of said bonds being for the principal of $1,000, and aggregating $1,200,000. The trust company had in its possession at the time of examination 250 of said bonds, thirty-four of which were held by it for exchange for an equal number of other bonds, and 216 of which were held by it for the benefit of one Campbell, for work of construction done upon the roadway. Upon the conclusion of the examination, the judge below appointed H. E. Tremain, Esq., receiver of said 250 bonds and directed the trust company to execute a transfer thereof to the receiver and to deliver said bonds over to him. The trust company appealed from tills ord.Br.
    
      G. T. Hillhouse and O. P. Buel, for app’lt; C. H. Griffin, for resp’t.
   McAdam, C. J.

—The order appealed from is based on the erroneous assumption that the trust company held property of the judgment-debtor which on being turned over to the1 receiver might be made available to the payment of the plaintiff’s judgment. The bonds held by the trust company were personal obligations of the defendant, and until negotiated and passed away into the hands of holders for value do not constitute property. Like debts owing by individuals these bonds are not property of the debtor in any sense; they are obligations of the latter, and only possess value in the hands of creditors. With them they are property. To call the bonds of the defendant held by its trustee or agent in escrow or for negotiation, property of the .corporation issuing them, is simply a misuse of terms. State tax on Foreign Bonds, 15 Wall., 300. Bdnds executed by a railroad company and in the hands of its agents, to be negotiated for its use, dp not come under any classification of property as defined by the Code, and cannot be seized on attachment, execution or other process against the corporation. Coddington v. Gilbert. 5 Duer, 72; S. C., 2 Abb. Pr., 242, affirmed 17 N. Y., 489.

Such bonds occupy the same position as an undelivered note of an individual executed for the purpose of borrowing money, and no one would seriously claim that if A. made his promissory note or bond for $100,000 and put it in his-pocket or in the hands of his agent for negotiation, that it at once became property liable to seizure by his creditors, or that the maker immediately became worth the face value of the obligation or the possessor of that amount of money. Such a contention would be absurd. When negotiated, however, the obligation receives a legal inception and becomes for the first time property in the hands of the individual who gives value for it. It is an asset in his hands;, but in the hands of the maker or his agent prior to negotiation, the document is a mere unperformed and unenforceable promise and, in a pecuniary sense, worthless. It becomes unnecessary, therefore, for us to determine whether Campbell or any other person has any claim to the bonds or whether such claim was substantially disputed or not. It is sufficient to hold that the trust company had riot in its; possession belonging to the judgment debtor anything falling within the legal definition of property, and that it was consequently error to appoint a receiver of the defendant, or to direct the trust company to deliver over the bonds in its possession. This objection being fatal to the order, it becomes unnecessary to consider another, not raised on the argument, but appearing on the face of the papers, to wit, that the foreign corporation defendant had a place for the; regular transaction of business in the city of Hew York and, therefore, comes under the provisions of section 2463 of the Code (as amended in 1886), which provides that the article in regard to supplementary proceedings, “does not apply where the judgment debtor is a corporation created by or under the laws of this state, or a foreign corporation specified in section 1812,” and the defendant having an agency-in the city of New York, is within the cases specified in that section (1812). It follows, therefore, that the order appealed from must be reversed, with costs.

Nehrbas, J., concurs.  