
    Arthur D. Stetson, Respondent, v. The Board of Educacation of The City of New York, Appellant.
    First Department,
    December 31, 1914.
    Schools — right of holder of State license to appointment in the public schools of the city of New York without examination by local board of examiners — teacher holding position for which he is not qualified not entitled to the increased salary attached thereto—waiver of increase of salary.
    A teacher in the public schools of New Tork holding a “head of department license,” entitling him to appointment as principal of a school having eleven classes, who after the number of classes was increased to twelve continued to act as principal, although he had not qualified and never did qualify for such principalship by obtaining a “principal’s license,” is not entitled thereafter to recover the increased salary belonging to a teacher holding a “principal’s license,” although he holds a diploma from a State normal school and a license to teach in any public school in the State, issued by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction.
    An instrument signed and delivered by such principal to a school superintendent, providing that “ In consideration of being permitted to remain principal of a school of twelve classes, I hereby waive all claims for increase of salary beyond that which I now receive as principal of a school of fewer than twelve classes,” constituted a valid and effectual waiver of any increase of salary.
    The fact that a public school teacher in the city of New York is permitted to fulfill the duties of a position higher than that for which he is qualified will not, even after the lapse of a considerable time, ripen into a legal appointment to the higher position or entitle the occupant to receive the salary attached thereto.
    A teacher in the public schools of the city of New York, although holding a State license, must submit to an examination by the local board of examiners before becoming eligible to an appointment, unless expressly exempted from such examination by the city superintendent, under the provisions of the city charter.
    Appeal by the defendant, The Board of Education of the City of New York, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 7th day of July, 1914, upon the decision of the court after a trial before the court without a jury.
    
      Charles McIntyre, for the appellant.
    
      John E. O’Brien, for the respondent.
   Scott, J.:

The plaintiff has recovered a judgment for upwards of $7,000 as salary for a position to which he was never appointed; for which he was never able to pass the required examination, although he repeatedly attempted to do so; and for which salary he had formally and in writing executed ,a waiver. That such a result should be possible is due to the complicated and almost unintelligible state of the law relating to the appointment, promotion and compensation of members of the teaching force in the school system of the city of New York.

Plaintiff received a normal school diploma from Potsdam Normal School on July 1, 1879, and a license to teach in any public school in the State from the State Superintendent of Public Instruction on October 22,1889. In September, 1890, he was appointed in Public School No. 10 in the then city of Brooklyn. In March, 1890, he received from the superintendent of public instruction in Brooklyn what was known as a B ” license. In May, 1890, he received from the same superintendent what was known as an “A” license. In May, 1899, he received from the city superintendent of schools of the city of New York a head of department license, which was made permanent in February, 1901. In April, 1901, he was appointed head of department in Public School No. 23, borough of Brooklyn. In November, 1902, he was appointed principal of Public School No. 101, borough of Brooklyn, which was then a school of less than twelve classes. The board of education had adopted a classification of schools based upon the number of classes contained in each school. Under this classification a school of the fourth order was one containing from six to eleven classes, and a school of the third order was one containing from twelve to twenty-seven classes. In order to be a principal of a school of the third order it was required that a person should hold a principal’s license, while a head of department license was a sufficient qualification for a principal of a school of the fourth order. At the time that the plaintiff was appointed principal of Public School No. 101 it contained only eleven classes, and he was eligible to be principal thereof by reason of the head of department license he then held. In December, 1903, a twelfth class was added to the school, and plaintiff continued to act as principal although he had not qualified and never did qualify for the principalship of such a school by obtaining a principal’s license. He has been regularly paid the salary to which he has been entitled as a person holding a head of department license; but he claims, and has recovered by the judgment appealed from, the difference between the sums so paid to him and the salary to which he would have been entitled if he had held a principal’s license and thus been qualified to be principal of a school of the third order. It seems to be quite well settled that his right to judgment depends upon the standing of the claimant as evidenced by the license held by him, and that this rule is applicable to principals and teachers alike (Greater 2ST. T. Charter [Laws of 1901, chap. 466], § 1089, as amd. by Laws of 1901, chap. 718; since amd. by Laws of 1912, chap. 455; Matter of Fuerst v. Maxwell, 154 App. Div. 166), and it is equally well settled that the fact that a person is permitted to fulfill the duties of a position higher than that for which he is qualified will not, even after the lapse of a considerable period, ripen into a legal appointment to the higher position or entitle the occupant to receive the salary attached to the higher position. (Hazen v. Board of Education, 127 App. Div. 235.) It is clear, therefore, that the plaintiff never became legally entitled to the salary which he now claims under the by-laws of the board of education. This position does not appear to be seriously combated by the respondent. His main contention is that the old license issued to him by the Potsdam Normal School and the State Superintendent of Public Instruction are sufficient to qualify him for any position in the public school system of the State, and that them possession obviates the necessity of a principal’s license as a qualification for the position of principal of a school of the third order. With this contention we are unable to agree. Without going into a long examination and analysis of the statutes, it is sufficient to say that we consider People ex rel. Sprague v. Maxwell (87 App. Div. 391) decisive upon the point that even the holder of a State license must submit to an examination by the board of examiners of the defendant before becoming eligible to appointment unless expi’essly exempted from such examination by the city superintendent under the provisions of the city charter, as it clearly appears this plaintiff was not. If he had been originally appointed solely upon the strength of his State licenses, his argument on this point might have some force. (Steinson v. Board of Education of N. Y., 165 N. Y. 431; Bogert v. Board of Education, 106 App. Div. 56; Shaul v. Board of Education, 108 id. 19.) But it does not so appear. On the contrary, it clearly appears that plaintiff was appointed to all the positions which he held under local licenses. Nor was plaintiff’s name ever placed on the eligible list for principals from which alone an appointment as principal could legally have been made. Our conclusion is that plaintiff was never appointed to, and never legally held, the position for the salary o'f which he has received judgment.

Furthermore, if there were any doubt upon this question, the waiver which plaintiff executed when his school was removed into the third order of schools by the • addition of the twelfth class, is a complete answer to his present claim. The school was about to be, or just had been, it is immaterial which, raised to a grade in which he was not qualified to be appointed as principal. Naturally he was unwilling to relinquish his principalship and take the chances of receiving an appointment to another school of the lower grade. • So he signed and delivered to a school superintendent a paper reading as follows: “In consideration of being permitted to remain principal of a school of twelve classes, I hereby waive all claims for increase of salary beyond that which I now receive as principal of a school of fewer than twelve classes.” This, in our opinion, was a perfectly valid and effectual waiver. To be retained at the head of the school was a distinct advantage to the plaintiff, and that advantage served as a sufficient consideration. (Collins v. City of New York, 151 App. Div. 618; Brown v. Board of Education, 70 Misc. Rep. 399.)

On every ground, therefore, the judgment in plaintiff’s favor was erroneous. It follows that the judgment appealed from must be reversed, with costs, and judgment directed in favor of the defendant dismissing the complaint upon the merits, with costs.

Findings may be submitted and settled on notice.

Ingraham, P. J., Olarke, Dowling and Hotchkiss, JJ., concurred.

Judgment reversed, with costs, and judgment directed in favor of defendant dismissing complaint upon the merits, with costs. Order to be settled on notice.  