
    Matter of the Estate of Sarah Young.
    
      (Surrogate's Court, Bronx County,
    
    
      December, 1915.)
    Executors and administrators—Provisions of will—Application fob CONSTRUCTION OF WILL-RIGHT OF EXECUTOR TO PAT FUNERAL EXPENSES.
    A will contained the provision: “I direct my executor after paying the above bequests out of the balance of my money on deposit in the Bowery Savings Bank and Seamans Savings Bank, that said balance shall be used to defray Euneral Expenses and the erection of a monument over my grave.”
    Decedent’s estate amounted to $1,471.95 and the net amount to become available for the erection of a monument would probably amount to $253.18. The executor, being in doubt as to whether he was required to expend the whole amount of the balance referred to for the erection of a monument, applied for a construction of the will.
    
      
      Held, that without any testamentary direction to that effect an executor has the right to pay the funeral expenses of the decedent, and a reasonable sum for a tombstone is regarded as a legitimate item of such expenses; that no arbitrary rule can be laid down establishing what is such reasonable sum, and each case depends for its determination upon its own peculiar conditions; that the provision under consideration did not in terms require that all of the balance should be expended for funeral expenses and the erection of a monument, and that the intent of the testatrix was that so much of the balance as would be reasonable, having in mind her station in life and the amount of her estate, should be used for such purposes.
    Proceeding to obtain a construction of a will.
    Arthur 0. Kahn, for petitioner.
   Schulz, S.

The decedent left a document which has been admitted to probate as her last will and testament, by which she bequeathed to one of her daughters the sum of $500, to another daughter $200, and to a niece the sum of $100. She then provided as follows: “ I direct my executor after paying the above bequests, out of the balance of my money on deposit in the Bowery Savings Bank and Seamans Savings Bank, that said balance shall be used to defray Funeral Expenses and the erection of a monument over my grave.”

The executor has brought this proceeding to obtain a construction of this clause of the decedent’s will, being in doubt as to whether, under its terms, he is required to expend the whole amount of the balance referred to, or is authorized to expend enough thereof to erect a monument similar to the one which the decedent purchased upon the death of her husband some years ago. The expenditure for the latter amounted to about $75.

Up to the present time he has deposited on account of a headstone the sum of $25, and he asks that he be authorized and directed to spend an additional sum of $50 for the erection.of a monument.

The daughters of decedent are her only heirs at law and next of kin and they join in asking that the will be construed as prayed for by the petitioner. The construction to be placed upon the clause in question, of course, should not be influenced by the fact that- the persons interested consent to any particular form of construction. It depends solely upon the intent of the testatrix. As there is no latent ambiguity arising dehors the will, her intent must be ascertained from the will itself and the alleged declarations of the decedent detailed in the affidavits cannot be considered by me. (Mann v. Mann, 1 Johns. Ch. 231; Reynolds v. Robinson, 82 N. Y. 103; William v. Freeman, 83 N. Y. 561. AYhen thus established the intent of the testatrix must be given effect. (Phillips v. Davies, 92 N. Y. 199; Robinson v. Martin, 200 id. 159.)

The total estate of the decedent amounted to $1,471.95. The petitioner states that the net balance after the payment of legacies, funeral expenses and expenses of administration incurred and to be incurred, including the item of $25 aforesaid, will probably amount to $228.18. The funeral expenses amounted to $155.30. The question, therefore, is whether the decedent intended that there should be expended for her funeral the sum of $155.30 and in addition thereto for a monument the sum of $253.18.

Even without any testamentary direction to that effect, an executor has a right to pay the reasonable funeral expenses of the decedent (Code Civ. Pro., § 2686), and a reasonable expenditure for a tombstone is regarded as a legitimate item of funeral expenses. (Ferrin v. Myrick, 41 N. Y. 315; Tickel v. Quinn, 1 Dem. 435.)

In Matter of Boardman (20 N. Y. Supp. 60) it was held that a provision in a will that all of testator’s property remaining after paying his debts should be expended for a monument, fence, etc., is to be construed with reference to the circumstances and situation in life of the testator, and only a reasonable portion of his estate should be expended thereunder. In Emans v. Bickman (12 Hun, 425) the testator left his entire estate to his executors for his funeral expenses and the erection of a monument. The estate amounted to $1,200, and the court held that it was the intention of the deceased to devote an amount which was reasonable in view of his position in life and the extent of his property, and affirmed the decree fixing the sum of $150 as the limit to be- expended for the monument.

Xo arbitrary rule can be laid down establishing what is a reasonable expenditure for a monument. Each case depends for its determination upon its own peculiar conditions. (Matter of Erlacher, 3 Redf. 8; Matter of Howard, 3 Misc. Rep. 170.)

A few of the large number of cases on this subject showing the attitude of the courts may be referred to with profit. In Matter of Mount (3 Redf. 9, note) the amount of the estate was $983.30, and a charge of $78 for a gravestone was cut down to $50. In Miller v. Morton (89 Hun, 574) it was held that $1,400 for a monument was too expensive for an estate of $3,540. In Matter of Beach (1 Misc. Rep. 27) the court said that an estate of $8,000 justified an expenditure of $400 for a monument. In Matter of Mount (3 Redf. 9, note) it was held that a charge of $700 for a burial lot and monument is excessive where the estate amounted to less than $2,800. In Owens v. Bloomer (14 Hun, 296) the court considered an expenditure of $500 for a monument- extravagant, the estate not exceeding $8,000. In Burnett v. Noble (5 Redf. 69) the personal estate being less than $2,000 an allowance of $700 was refused and reduced to $250.

The provision now under consideration does not, in my opinion, in terms require that all of the balance shall be expended for funeral expenses and the erection of a monument, and I believe that the intent of the testatrix was that so much of the balance as would be reasonable, having in mind her station in life and the amount of her estate, should be used to defray the funeral expenses and to pay for a monument.

The executor states that he knew the decedent for a number of years before her death, being related to her husband; that she lived with one of her daughters in a very frugal way and that her habits of life were modest and simple. These are facts which he should take into consideration in deciding how much to spend for a monument. As a guide to him I will say that a monument such as she purchased for her deceased husband would not be unreasonable in my opinion. I do not think that it is necessary for me to fix the cost of such monument arbitrarily, particularly when the executor himself has an intimate knowledge of the circumstances of the decedent.

I therefore find that the intent of the testatrix was as above stated and that as to any balance remaining in the hands of the executor after the payment of debts, legacies, expenses of administration and funeral expenses and after paying for a monument, the decedent died intestate, and such balance is distributable in accordance with the statute governing distribution of personal property.

Decreed accordingly.  