
    H. J. McGRATH COMPANY, a Corporation. vs. OTIS V. MARCHANT.
    
      Employer and employee: breach of contract by employer; damages; pleading. Exceptions: time for filing; extension. Statute of Frauds: 4dh section; year clause.
    
    The fact that an employer is appealed to to help collect a debt due by the employee or servant does not justify the discharge of the servant. p. 478
    Where there is no defense made to such a suit on the ground that the plaintiff did not properly perforin the services for which he was engaged, and no evidence that he was not faithful and diligent, the plaintiff is not bound to prove that he did exercise ordinary skill and diligence in performing his duties. p. 478
    The time for filing bills of exceptions was extended for 30 days after the motion for a new trial should be “heard and determined,” and the docket entries did not show when the motion was heard, but they showed on what date the motion was finally decided and disposed of. It was held, that the extension of the time for filing the bills of exceptions began to run from that date. p.475
    The year clause of the 4th section of the Statute of Frauds does not apply when the contract can, by any possibility, be fulfilled or completed in the space of the year, even though the parties may have intended its operation to extend through a longer period. p. 479
    In a suit by an employee against his employer for discharging him illegally before the term of his contract expired, he is entitled to recover the contract price, less such sums as may have been paid him, and also less such sums as he earned or by diligence might have earned, in the line of his business during the remainder of the period covered by the contract. p. 480
    
      Decided February 28th, 1912.
    
    Appeal from the Baltimore City Court (.Dobuek, ,T.).
    The cause was argued before Boyd, C. ,T., BbisCoe, Pjeakoe, .Bubice, 'Thomas, Pattlsozst, UbxeR, and Stooic-BRIDGE, JJ.
    
      William A. Wkcailey, for the appellant,
    
      Beverly W. Mister (with whom was George T. Mister on the brief), for the appellee.
   Thomas, J..

delivered the opinion of the Court.

This suit was brought to recover damages for the breach of an alleged oral contract by which the defendant employed the plaintiff for one year, from May 1st, 1909, 1o April ilOili, 1910, provided the defendant continued in business that long, and' agreed to pay him a salary of twenty-five dollars per week for the first six months, and twenty dollars per week for the remaining six months of the year.

Tbe declaration contains six of tbe common counts and two sjoecial counts. Tbe seventh count alleges that in tbe early part of tbe year 1909, tbe plaintiff and defendant “agreed that tbe plaintiff should serve tbe defendant as a buyer of fruits, etc., including all duties usually assumed by buyers in tbe canned goods business, and that tbe defendant should employ the plaintiff as such for one year from May 1st, 1909, and pay him for bis .services tbe sum of $25.00 per week for tbe first six months of bis contract, and $20.00 per week for tbe remaining six months of tbe year, provided tbe business should be continued' during tbe term of said contract;” that tbe plaintiff entered upon tbe service of tbe defendant and has ever since been ready and willing to continue in such service; “that on the 12th day of February, 1910, tbe defendant wrongfully discharged tbe plaintiff and refused to permit him to serve as aforesaid, although tbe said business of tbe defendant was continued until after May 1st, 1910, and has never paid him tbe balance due on tbe said contract although requested to do so by tbe plaintiff.”

Tbe eighth count charges that on tbe 2nd of May, 1908, tbe plaintiff and defendant agreed in writing that tbe plaintiff should serve tbe defendant as buyer of fruits, etc., and that tbe defendant should employ tbe plaintiff as such for one year from said date and- to pay him for bis services ithe sum of $25.00 per week for tbe first six months, and $20.00 per week for tbe remaining six months of tbe year; and tbe plaintiff entered into the service of the defendant under said contract, and that shortly before ithe end of said year tbe plaintiff and defendant agreed that tbe contract should be continued for another year, beginning on tbe first day of May, 1909, and ending on tbe 80th day of April, 1910, “under .the same terms and for the same services as set out in their original contract, provided that tbe business of tbe defendant should be continued for that length of time;” that tbe plaintiff- accordingly remained in tbe service of tbe defendant until February 12th, 1910, when tbe defendant wrongfully discharged him; that the plaintiff has always been ready and willing to perform such services, but the defendant refused to permit him to clo so, and has refused to pay the balance due him under said contract, notwithstanding the business of the defendant was continued beyond the first day of May, .1910.

Issue was joined on the general issue plea, and the trial of the case before a jury resulted in a verdict and judgment in favor of the plaintiff for $201.50, from which judgment the defendant, the H. J. McGrath Company, a corporation, has appealed.

The defendant, filed a motion for a new trial, and while that motion was pending, on the 36th of May, 1911, the Court extended the time for filing the bill of exceptions in the case “until thirty days after the motion for a new trial is heard and determined by this Court.” The record contains the following docket entry: “10th June, 1911 — New trial to he granted, unless the plaintiff shall within fen days from this date, agree to a reduction of the verdict from $201.50 to $150.00,” etc. The docket entries further show that the motion for a new trial was overruled on June 21st, 1911, and on June 28th the time for filing the hill of exceptions was again extended, and thereafter regularly extended unlil fhe exceptions were filed.

The appellee lias made a motion to dismiss the appeal on the ground that the time for filing the bill of exceptions was, by the terms of the first order, extended to thirty days after June 10th, 1911. The contention of the appellee being that the motion for a new trial was heard by the Court on June 10th; that the Court on that day ruled that the new trial be granted unless the plaintiff agreed to a reduction of the verdict, etc., and that that was a complete “determination by the Court” of the motion. The answer to this contention is that the order extended the time until thirty days after the motion for a new trial “is heard and determined by the Court,” and that while it does not appear when the motion was heard, the docket entries show that the motion for a new trial was not “determined” or disposed of until June 21st, 1911, when it was overruled, and on the same day a judgment was entered on the verdict in favor of the plaintiff. The motion to dismiss the appeal, must, therefore, be overruled.

But one exception was reserved during the trial, and that is to the ruling of the Court on the prayers.

It appears from the evidence that the defendant was engaged in the business of canning fruits, vegetables and oysters; and that the plaintiff had been employed by the defendant for a number of years and was paid a salary of twenty-five dollars per week for the first six months, and twenty dollars per week for the remaining six months of the year; that for the year commencing May 2nd, 1908, the contract was in writing; that Mr. McGrath died in February, 1909, and after his death it was for a while uncertain whether the business of the defendant “would go on”. The plaintiff states that about ten days before the expiration of the year ending May 1st, 1909, Mr. Hamberger, the manager of the appellant company, said to him: “Mr. Marchant, I understand you and you understand me. You do not need no written contract with me. You are dealing with me now, and if this business continues, your position is assured with the terms the same,” and that he, the plaintiff, said in reply: “Mr. Hamberger, I am perfectly satisfied. If that contract suits you, it certainly suits me, and your word is sufficient, and I am dealing with you now and not with Mr. McGrath.” It further appears from the evidence that the plaintiff continued in the service of the defendant until February 12th, 1910, and that he received during the first six months of the year commencing May 1st, 1909, twenty-five dollars per week. The plaintiff says that the defendant continued to pay him twenty-five dollars per week for sometime after the expiration of the first six months of the year, and that Mr. Hamberger said to him, that they had him down on his pay-roll for twenty dollars per week, but that he bad told the book-keeper to pay him twenty-five dollars per week, that he appreciated that the extra five dollars was more to the plaintiff ithan it was to the defendant, and that they would continue to pay it as long as they could; that he received twenty-five dollars per week until the first of January, when Mr. Hamburger said to him that he would have to put him back on twenty dollars per week; that he was discharged on the 12th of February, 1910, and that he tried to secure other employment, but failed to realize more than thirty or thirty-five dollars between the time he was discharged by the defendant and the end of the year for which he claims to have been employed.

Mr. Hamberger denied that he had employed the plaintiff for one year, or for any definite time, and says that he told the plaintiff that he could not make him any definite promise, but that he would continue him in the service of the defendant as long as he felt that he was justified in doing so; “that things went along to” his “satisfaction until the fall of 1909,” when he was annoyed by persons calling him up by telephone and coming to see him at his office, and requesting him to assist them in collecting debts due by the plaintiff; “that those things did not get any better, but got worse; that it got so bad I concluded he was not the proper man for me to continue in the employ of the house — and that he was finally discharged.”

The plaintiff’s first prayer instructed the jury that if they found that the plaintiff and the defendant agreed, prior to May 1st, 1909, that the plaintiff would serve the defendant as buyer of fruits, etc., and that the defendant would employ the plaintiff as buyer, etc., for one year from May 1st, 1909, if the business of the appellant should be continued that long, and pay him twenty-five dollars per week for the first six months and twenty dollars per week for the remaining six months of the year; and further found that said business of the appellant continued for the whole of said year, and that the plaintiff entered upon the discharge of his duties under said contract and continued in the employ of the defendant until February 12th, 1910; that he exercised ordinary shill and diligence in the performr anee of his duties, and that on the 12th of February, 1910, the defendant dismissed him from its service and refused to permit him to perform such services; that the plaintiff was ready and willing to perform such services and offered to continue in the service of the defendant until the expiration of the term of his employment the plaintiff was entitled to recover.

. By the plaintiff’s second prayer the jury were told that if they found for the plaintiff he was entitled to recover twenty dollars per week from the time he was discharged by the defendant to the expiration of the contract of employment, less such sum as he earned during that period, or by the exercise of due diligence might have e'arned in the line of his business, with interest on such balance from May 1st, 1910, in the discretion of the jury.

The defendant specially excepted to. these prayers on the ground that there was no evidence to show that the plaintiff and the. defendant entered into a “conditional contract” for the time mentioned in the. first prayer, and because there was no evidence to show that the plaintiff exercised ordinary care and diligence in the performance, of his duties, and further, because there was no evidence from which the jury could ascertain what sum was earned by the plaintiff between the time he was discharged and the end of the year for which he claimed to be employed, and no evidence to show what he might have earned in his line of business by the exercise of due diligence.

Defendant’s first and second prayers sought to take the case from the jury on the ground that under the pleadings in the case there was no evidence legally sufficient to entitle the plaintiff to recover. By its third prayer the Court was asked to instruct the jury that if they found that prior to the first day of May, 1909, the plaintiff and defendant entered into an “unwritten contract” whereby the defendant agreed to employ the plaintiff and the plaintiff agreed to accept 'the employment by the defendant for the period of one year, beginning May 1st, 1909, the plaintiff was not entitled to recover, and by its fourth prayer the defendant asserted that the plaintiff was not entitled to recover unless the contract sued on was in writing.

The Court below overruled the defendant’s exceptions to and granted plaintiff’s prayers; rejected defendant’s first, second and fourth prayers, and granted defendant’s third prayer after modifying it so as to require the jury to find that the defendant employed the plaintiff for one year ‘unconditionally. ”

As we have said, evidence was adduced by the plaintiff tending to show that he and the defendant entered into an oral agreement by which the defendant employed the plaintiff for one year, commencing on the first day of May, 1909, and ending on the thirtieth day of April, 1910, provided the defendant remained in business for that periodand agreed to pay him twenty-five dollars per week for the first six months .and twenty dollars per week for the balance of the year. This evidence tends to establish the contract declared on in the seventh and eighth counts of the declaration, and which might or might not have been performed in the year, depending upon the defendant remaining in business during the entire year. If the business of the defendant continued for only six months of the time covered by the-contract, the contract would have been fully performed in the year. The decisions in this State are uniform, and it is clear that such a contract does not come within the statute of frauds. In the case of Ellicott v. Peterson, 4 Md. 476, the Count makes the statement followed in.'the later decisions in this State, that “it has been held both in England and in those States, the statnie will not apply where the contract can, by any possibility, be fulfilled or comploted in the space of the year, although the parties may have intended its operation to extend through a much longer

period.” Cole v. Singerly, 60 Md. 348; Balto. Breweries Co. v. Callahan, 82 Md. 106; Lewis v. Tapman, 90 Md. 294.

Tbe plaintiff’s second prayer follows tbe prayer granted by tbe lower Count and approved by this Court in tbe case of Balto. Baseball Club v. Pickett, 78 Md. 378, and which instructed the jury in that case that if they found for tbe plaintiff, “then be is entitled to recover tbe contract price, less such sums as may have been paid him, and also less such sums as be earned or by tbe exercise of due diligence might- have earned, in tbe line of bis business, during the remainder of tbe period covered by tbe contract.” See also Olmstead v. Bach, 78 Md. 132, and Cumb. & Penn. R. R. Co. v. Slack, 45 Md. 161.

Tbe case was not defended on tbe ground that- tbe plaintiff did not properly perforin tbe services rendered tlie defeud-ant, and there is no evidence in tbe case to show that- he was not diligent and faithful, on tbe contrary, the evidence produced by tbe defendant tends to show that be discharged his duties in a satisfactory manner. Mr. Hamberger states that everything was entirely satisfactory until the fall of 1909, when be was annoyed by inquiries from creditors of the plaintiff, and that tbe plaintiff was discharged for that reason. It is not contended by counsel for tbe defendant that tbe reason assigned by Mr. Hamberger would be sufficient ground for discharging tbe plaintiff during tbe continuance of the contract. The claim of the defendant, in that connection, is that the plaintiff was not employed by any definite time, and that the defendant bad the right to terminate their relations of employer and employee at any time. There is no force, therefore, in defendant’s exceptions to plaintiff’s prayers on tbe ground that there is no evidence to show that “the plaintiff exercised ordinary skill and diligence in tbe performance of his duties.”

Nor was there any evidence to show that tbe plaintiff earned, between the time he was discharged and the end of the year for which he claims he was employed, more than the amount stated by him, or that he could, by the exercise of due diligence, have found other employment. Tt is said by Chief Judge Bartol in Cumb. & Penn. R. R. Co. v. Slack, supra: “The measure of damages to be recovered is fixed by the contract, and as decided in Jaffray v. King, 34 Md. 217, it is the stipulated salary for the year, less the amount which had been paid him, and less the amount of the money of the company, he may have actually received and not accounted for; there being no evidence in the case that he actually earned or might by due and reasonable diligence have earned, wages in some other employment after his dismissal. Such evidence it would be competent to offer and would diminish to that extent the claim of the appellee, but in the absence of all evidence of that kind, the sum to which he is entitled is, as before stated, fixed by the contract, and is under the Code a legal set-off.”

What we have said disposes of all the contentions of the appellant, and finding no error in the ruling of the Court below, the judgment must be affirmed.

Judgment affirmed, with costs„  