
    George F. Perkins et al., Appellants, v. The Merchants’ Lithographing Co., Respondent.
    (City Court of New York, General Term,
    October, 1897.)
    Consolidation of actions, before answer, upon an affidavit of defendant — Code Civil Procedure, § 817. _
    . Where the plaintiff brings- two separate actions upon contract to recover a total sum of 8705, the court may, before answer, under Code of Civil Procedure, section 817, upon an affidavit of the defendant, stating that its defense is a counterclaim for damages arising out of one of the causes of action, amounting to 8800, and going to the whole of the plaintiff’s demand, consolidate both actions, "with a view to prevent unnecessary litigation.
    Appeal by plaintiffs from an order, consolidating two actions, prior to the interposition of answers.
    C. D. Ridgway, for appellants.
    G. Nathan, for respondent.
   Schuchman, J.

This is an appeal by the plaintiffs from an order, •consolidating two actions, on motion made by the defendant on affidavits, prior to the interposition of answers.

Both actions are brought on cause of action on contract to recover the sums of $387.04 and $318.16, respectively, making a total of $705.20.

The defendant states in its moving affidavit its defense to be a counterclaim for damages to the amount of $800 arising out of one of the causes of action above mentioned.

Section 817 of the Code of Civil Procedure is as follows: “ Where two or more actions, in favor of the same plaintiff against the same defendant, for causes of action which may be joined, are pending in the same court, the court may, in its discretion, by order, consolidate any or all of them' into one action.”

All the requirements of this section are presented in and satisfied by the facts in this case.

. The object of consolidation is to prevent needless litigation.” The defendant’s "coúntérclaim, as set up> is going to the whole of the plaintiff’s demand, in fact it exceeds it.

By the consolidation, all matters in controversy between the parties litigants hereto can be disposed of in one action. Tuckerman v. Corbin, 66 How. Pr. 404; Wilkinson v. Johnson, 4 Hill, 46.

It is true that in the case of Boyle v. Staten Island & South Beach Land Company, 67 N. Y. St. Repr. 424, the General Term of the Supreme Court, first department, in its decision said: “No doubt both of these actions, being upon contract, could be joined in one complaint; but this is not necessarily controlling upon the question whether they should or should not be- consolidated; if the issues or the questions arising were different, or if for any other good and sufficient reason, it was not proper for the court to exorcise its discretion in favor of granting the motion,' it should have been denied.”

Whether the issues and questions will be identical cannot be determined definitely until the answers, are interposed.' For this reason, we think it the better practice to wait before making a motion to consolidate until after the interposition of answers.

In that case the order to consolidate was reversed, but in that case other consideration's which are not involved in this case: undoubtedly influenced the decision of the court, in that section 1778 of the Code, and also' a question of an accounting arose therein:

It. is also true "that it must appear on the question of consolidating that the defense or the question, involved to be tried will be substantially the same in all of the suits. Dunning v. Bank of Auburn, 19 Wend. 23; Dunn. v. Mason, 7 Hill, 154.

And some distinction is made in regard to the term defenses ” and the term- question to be tried.” . But those cases were decided as early as 1837, and," we think/ that under our present practice under the Code, that distinction is obviated, and that when it appears, as in this case, the causes of action are set forth in the complaints and the defense is set up, to wit: the counterclaim for damages arising out of the .cause of action set forth in the complaint, that the question to be tried, or the issues to be raised, are sufficiently and distinctly appearing to the practitioner and to the court.; . ■ 1

We think the motion can be made, and before the answers are interposed, and that the issues to be raised are sufficiently set forth by the defendant, being stated in the affidavit on which the motion is based.

Bysection 817, above mentioned, the order is discretionary with the court. Wé think that the justice who made the order properly exercised that discretion in this case, and the order appealed from is affirmed, with costs.

Conlan and Fitzsimons, JJ., concur.

Order affirmed, with costs.  