
    Matter of the Application of William A. Williams, for Writ of Mandamus.
    (Supreme Court, Brie Special Term,
    January, 1908.)
    Religious societies — Officers and employees — Election of officers — Decisions of presiding'officer as to qualification of voters and candidates — Conclusiveness.
    The rector presiding over a meeting of. a religious corporation for the election of churchwardens, in receiving -the ballots of those who offer to vote at such election, makes a judicial determination that the voters possess the necessary qualifications ' and cannot at a later day revise his decision and change the result of the election; and one whom he thus decided to possess the necessary qualifications for the office of churchwarden and who received a majority of all the votes cast will be held to be entitled to the office and the rector refusing to recognize him as churchwarden will be compelled by mandumus to do so.
    Application- for a writ of mandamus.
    
      Millar & Moyer, for motion.
    Bissell & Riley, opposed.
   Brown, J.

At an annual election of the Grace Ohurch Parish of-the Protestant Episcopal Church of the Diocese of Western New York, held at the parish church in Lockport, N. Y., on December 2, 1907, for the election of one churchwarden for two years and one vestryman for one year and three vestrymen for three years, there were present and voting eighty-eight persons. The rector as the presiding officer appointed two tellers, and the polls were declared open at twelve o’clock noon. The provisions of the statute specifying "qualifications of voters were read and the election proceeded by ballot. By provision of statute (Relig. Corp. Law, § 33), the rector is made the judge of the qualifications of the voters, shall receive the votes cast and shall declare the result of the votes cast at such election. At such election William A. Williams voted as an elector, his vote being unchallenged, and the same was received by the rector. After the polls were closed and ,the ballots were canvassed by the tellers, a protest was made against the election as illegal for the reason that many persons who had voted did not have the statutory qualification; the rector stated that the protest was well taken and that it was not possible for him to declare who was elected until he had further investigated the matter and the law bearing on the same.

The vote for warden as canvassed and presented by the tellers to the rector was as follows:

For warden:

William A. Williams.........................52

John T. Darrison . ............................. 32

Scattering"................................... 4

which result of the votes cast at such election was read by the rector to the persons present.

It is made the duty of the rector to enter, the proceedings of such meeting in the book of the minutes of the vestry and sign the same; the rector was unable to obtain this book until about the 15th day of December, 1907; and on December 11, 1907, he made a record of such proceedings of the meeting, substantially embodying all the above facts. On December 13, 1907, the rector made another record of the above facts, substantially as the one of December 11, 1907, adding thereto, after the item of result of votes cast, a statement to the effect that he as presiding officer had made an examination of the list of voters to ascertain the validity of the protests and found that many were disqualified as voters and,' pursuant to the law providing that churchwardens shall be elected from persons qualified to vote, the said William A. Williams not being qualified as a voter was not eligible for election as a warden; and he, therefore, declared that William A. Williams was not elected; that John T. Darrison, being eligible as warden, the rector declared elected as warden for a term of two years, which statement and record was signed by the rector; and, on or about December 15, 1907, the record of December 11, 1907, and the one of December 13, 1907, were entered in the book of the minutes of the vestry, since which date the said rector has refused to recognize the said William A. Williams as a warden of such parish in any manner. It is conceded that William A. Williams has been a warden of such church and parish for upwards of ten years last past, is a communicant of the church, has been a regular attendant upon church services and a regular contributor to the parish funds for many years up to March, 1907. There is no dispute as to any of the foregoing facts. While it is true that the title to an office cannot be tried and ascertained by mandamus proceedings, yet, if the facts are undisputed which determine the right of a person to be given a certificate of election or to be recognized as the duly elected officer, mandamus proceedings are proper to compel the giving of such certificate or due recognition of such election.

When the rector, as presiding officer of the parish meeting, received the ballot of William A. Williams as an elector, such presiding officer necessarily exercised his legal function of judging of the qualification of Mr. Williams to vote. It was a legal decision that Hr. Williams possessed all the statutory qualifications to vote; that he was a legal voter. That decision was made on December 2, 1907. It, therefore, clearly appeared that, on that day, in that meeting, he was duly qualified to be voted for by any duly qualified elector for the office of churchwarden. Ho question was raised of the qualification of any elector at the time his vote was offered and received. The acceptance by the rector of the ballots cast at that election was a judicial determination by súch rector, as presiding officer at that time, that the persons whose votes, were actually cast and received by him were each a duly qualified voter; such decision was final. The right to make such decision having thus been exercised, the vote received and cast, the power of such presiding officer to decide again, at a later day, ten days after such election, that such voter was not qualified to vote did not exist; and the alleged declaration or determination of the 13th of December, 1907, that William A. Williams was not- eligible to be voted for as warden was a nullity. - The rector as presiding officer, in compliance with statute, having declared or read the result of the votes cast at such election as being 52 for William A. Williams, 32 for John T. Darrison and 4 scattering, his power to declare again, ten days after such election, that William A. Williams was not elected and that John T. Darrison was elected warden, did not exist.

• It clearly appearing that the qualification of William A. Williams had been duly and legally determined by the constituted church and legal authority to be such as to legally qualify him to vote at such election, he being thus qualified to be elected as warden, he having been duly elected as such warden, it is the duty of the rector and church authorities to recognize him 'as such warden in all parish meetings; and, the rector refusing and declining so to do, a peremptory writ of mandamus will issue. -

Application granted.  