
    C. T. KARCK VS. J. H. AVINGER.
    Upon a joint and several contract, the plaintiff, although he issues his wit against both the parties to it, may at any time discontinue as to one and proceed to judgment against the other.
    Where the affidavit to hold to bail, charged that both the parties to a joint and several note were indebted, and but one of them was arrested and gave bail, and the declaration was filed against him alone, the bail is not entitled to have an exoneretur entered on the bail bond.
    
      Before Gantt, J. 'at Charleston, May Term, 1836.
    The presiding judge made the following report:
    
      “This wás att action of assumpsit, upon a joint and several note fof* ftinety-six dollars and nine 'cents, .payable to plaintiff, made by Samuel Jameson and J¡ H. Avinger. The note was in the following words: “ Charleston, léth December, 1834. On the 10th day of January next/ 1835, I promise to pay to Mr. C. Theodore Karck, or his order, ninety-six dollars and nine cents, for value received.” (Signed) Samuel Jameson, J. H. Avinger.
    “The plaintiff commenced suit on the 12th day of March, 1835, by issuing a bail Writ against the two ; and the affidavit to hold to bail, charg* ed both J. H. Avinger and Samuel Jameson. The sheriff made the following return on the writ — “ Non est inventus” as to Samuel Jameson, and “ Cepi Corpus,” as to J. H. Avinger, who gave bail individually in this action. The declaration wa's filed against J. H. Avinger alone, and no appearance having been entered for him, an order for judgment was' granted. In this state of the case a motion was tirade before me, to set aside the proceedings for irregularity ; or that an exoneretur be entered on the bail bond. I thought, on looking into the case of Moss and another v. Birch and another, 5 T. R. 722, and the cases there referred to, that the? question was settled, and that the proceedings must be set aside. I therefore made the rule absolute — from which decision, I have received notice of appeal on the grounds annexed.
    The plaintiff appeals, and moves to reverse the decision of his Honor/ and to rescind the order, on the following grounds :
    1. That there was no irregularity in the proceedings, which would authorize a rule; either to set them aside, or to have an exoneretur entered off the bail bond.
    2. That if there was any irregularity, the application came too late, after an order for judgment.
    3. That the order was, in other respects, contrary to law and the prac-f tice of the court.
   Curia, per

Evans, J.

Two questions are presented in this case, both of which it is necessary to decide.

1. Can the judgment against the defendant be set aside on account of the variance betweén the writ and declaration %

2. Is the bail of Avinger entitled to have an exoneretur entered on the' bail bond %

On the first question it seems to me there is no difficulty. The defendant entered'no appearance, and there was' a judgteie'nt. against him by-default. He was, therefore, not entitled to' plead.' The variance, if it ¿ould be taken advantage of, could avail him only by pleading. The contract was joint and several, although the note began, “ I promise.” 2 Bailey, 88. Upon such a contract, the plaintiff, although he issues his writ against both, may at any stage discontinue as to one, and proceed to judgment against the other. The rule is otherwise on joint contracts. In England, a distinction is made between actions bailable, and not bailable. But the rule seems to be of modern origin, and I can see no good reason for the distinction. It has been disapproved of in that country, and has never been adopted in this State, so far as I am informed.

To determine the s.econd question, it is necessary to look into th'e.facts. The affidavit charged, that both Avinger and Jameson were indebted. The writ issued against both. Avinger, alone, was arrested, and “gave bail individually.” The plaintiff filed his declaration against Avinger alone. The principle to be extracted from all the cases, is this ; if the liability of the bail be changed or varied/ so as to subject him to a different form of action, or a different cause of action, from that set out in the affidavit, the bail are entitled to be discharged. It does not seem to me that this has been done in this case. The affidavit alleges, that both are indebted, but the liability of the bail is not increased, nor is his contract varied, by the circumstances ; the drawers of the note are. severally, as well as jointly, liable. The contract of the bail was, that his principal should pay the judgment, or surrender his body. In default, the bond Was forfeited, and the plaintiff enabled to recover of the bail a judgment for his debt, by way of damages, to be assessed by a jury. I have not stated the words of his bond, but its legal effect.' Will the recovery against Avinger alone subject the bail to any greater liability than he incurred by his bond 1 If it does, I cannot perceive it. It is true, if both had been sued, and the plaintiff had recovered judgment against both, the chances of payment would, perhaps, have been increased, but the defendants bail bond has no dependence on the liability of another. The affidavit charges, .“ that both were indebted.” This is true in fact. Each was liable for the whole; and with this affidavit' before him,' the .bail undertook that Avinger should pay, or be surrendered in satisfaction of, the damages which the plaintiff might recover on the cause of action set out in the affidavit.

But there is another view of this subject. This is an application to have an exoneretur entered on the bail bond, and to entitle the bail to this motion, he must make his application according to the rules of practice prescribed by the court. In Sanders v. Hughes, 2 Bailey, 511, .it is said, that before such an application as this can be heard, “ the bail must swear they were ignorant that the cause of action declared on, was that which' was intended to bo embraced in tbe affidavit; that they executed the bond, believing the cause of action to be different from that set out in the declaration, and that they have sustained some prejudice or injury thereby." It might have been sufficient to have said that no such affidavit has accompanied this application, and the defendant must be left to such defence as he can make, when sued on the bail bond. The motion is therefore granted.

Bailey Dawson, for the motion. Eggleston fy Frost, contra.

O’Neall and Butler, JJ. concurred.  