
    Janie Morris, Respondent, v. International Railway Company, Appellant.
    Fourth Department,
    July 5, 1916.
    Railroads—negligence— injury to passenger struck by trolley wheel — evidence — damages — when court will not interfere with damages fixed by jury — precedents.
    In an action against a railway company for personal injuries it appeared that the plaintiff, an unmarried woman thirty-one years of age, physically well and receiving twelve dollars per week as an employee os a telephone company, was injured by the trolley wheel being driven through the window of the defendant’s car in which she was riding, fracturing her skull and permanently injuring her. Evidence examined, and held, that a verdict for $30,000 should not be reduced.
    Courts should not interfere with the damages fixed by a jury, unless it appears that the verdict rendered is clearly against the weight of the evidence or has been actuated by passion, prejudice, mistake or is founded upon some improper rule or method in the determination of its amount.
    The rule of precedent does not apply in determining the amount of damages in an action for personal injuries unless the eases are exactly the same in their essential conditions.
    Appeal by the defendant, International Railway Company, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Erie on the 13th day of March, 1916, upon the verdict of a jury for $30,000, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office ón the same day denying defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      Edward E. Franchot, for the appellant.
    
      Hamilton Ward, for the respondent.
   Lambert, J.:

The plaintiff was a passenger upon one of the electric cars operated by the defendant company. The conveyor of electricity, or trolley wheel, so called, for some cause was thrust into the car with great force, coming in contact with the plaintiff’s head, producing the injury involved in this action. Several grounds of negligence are alleged, involving operation, safe appliances, etc. The plaintiff had a verdict of $30,000. An order made by the trial justice denying motion of the defendant to set aside or reduce the verdict on the ground that it was excessive was entered, and this appeal is from that order. That is the only question here argued or presented.

The power of this court to modify the amount of the verdict is well settled. The existence of such power, however, is not a justification for the substitution of the judgment of this court for that of the jury in fixing damages. Courts should not interfere with the damages fixed by a jury, unless it appears that the verdict rendered is clearly against the weight of the evidence or has been actuated by passion,.prejudice, mistake or is founded upon some improper rule or method in the determination of its amount. Where merely a question of sound judgment is involved and it appears that the submission to the jury was free from conduct either by court or counsel tending to excite or arouse the prejudice of the jury, courts should not interfere with the discretion vested by law in that body. No claim is made that any effort was exerted by plaintiff’s counsel to inflame or excite the passion or prejudice of the jury. So far as appears, the atmosphere of the trial court was dispassionate and normal. The sole claim for invoking the discretion of this court to reduce the verdict is found in the enormity of the sum fixed. It is so large, it is insisted, that it shocks the conscience. This deduction is arrived at by a comparison with verdicts rendered in other cases. If such was an unvarying test, even then the assertion of counsel is not well founded. There are cases where parties have been recompensed for injuries not more severe than in this case with even larger damages and the same have been sustained. The uncontradicted and, I assume, indisputable facts involved in this injury need only be consulted to sustain the damages assessed in this case.

The plaintiff, at the time of the happening of the accident, was thirty-one years of age. It is shown in the record that she was physically well and of a hopeful disposition. She had been in the employ of the telephone company for about thirteen years. At the time of the accident she was earning and receiving compensation at the rate of twelve dollars per week. Her position was supervisory. It involved her presence at the telephone centrals, local exchanges and about the hotels in the city. It embodied the making of written reports of conditions observed, of operation. She was unmarried.

In the accident wherein she received her injuries the trolley wheel portion of the pole was driven through the window, beside which she was sitting, coming in contact with her head, and fracturing her skull. The fracture was about three inches long and an inch and a half wide, and portions of the skull were depressed upon and into the brain. Two pieces of the bone were driven into the brain itself to the depth of half an inch. She was taken to the hospital where a trephining operation was performed. Broken and loose pieces of bone were removed and her injuries surgically dressed. In this operation a part of the brain was unavoidably removed. She suffered immediate paralysis of her left side, particularly affecting the arm, face and leg. The hole in her skull has never healed and the evidence is that it never will. Paralysis of the arm has somewhat improved, but not so that of the leg. It appears that the brain centers controlling the motion of the leg are above those .controlling the motion of the arm, and hence were more seriously injured. The paralysis is sufficient to prohibit her moving about, except with assistance, and she has only retarded motion of the arm. Her nervous system is now such that it is only with great difficulty that she is able to talk, and under the slightest nervous strain her countenance twitches and jerks and she evidences hysteria. In medical understanding hysteria is the border line of insanity. These conditions, we are told by the doctors, will continue through life.

The appellant concedes upwards of $12,000 of this recovery to be justified by direct proof of pecuniary loss. In the analysis it gives of the items of expense there is no mention of the cost of an attendant and nursing during the balance of her life, or of any medical requirements. It is complained, however, that the balance of the verdict is unjustifiable for pain and suffering, past and future. It is conceded that the sensory, as well as the motor, nervous system is involved in permanent injury. This young lady is for all times cut off from the associations of friendship and social intercourse with those about her. This accident has disqualified her from becoming a wife or mother. There is no greater disappointment or loss to womankind. From an independent and self-supporting girl she has become for life a helpless invalid, requiring constant attendance. She is even deprived of the means of self-entertainment. She cannot by reading, sewing or knitting occupy herself. She cannot undergo any considerable length of time even ordinary conversation without detriment to her already shattered nervous system. She has lost for all time not only the enjoyment, but the mental improvement to be derived from free association and companionship. She must sit her days out, conscious that such association as she receives from others has its foundation solely in sympathy. She can only receive, she cannot give. She is doomed to exile. She can have no hope of future improvement, and the only relief from the desolation of her loneliness will lie in her death. These considerations furnish a basis for mental anguish and suffering, through life, incapable' of adequate compensation. It is also directly proven that she has heretofore undergone and must hereafter suffer intense physical pain.

Under our system the assessment of damages in a case like this, where the parties are unable to agree, must be left to some tribunal. The law has selected a jury as the proper body. Their finding should be conclusive, unless there is some legal reason for assailing it. Neither in the attitude of court or counsel is any charge made that the jury was improperly influenced. The conduct' of counsel representing the plaintiff is conceded to be well within ethical limitations. The trial was fair. The verdict was reached by the jury, as we must assume, upon a sane and meritorious consideration of the elements present. It may be said, therefore, that this verdict is not the product of passion, prejudice or the wrong conception of the weight of evidence.

That it is seldom that a larger or as large a verdict as this has been rendered by a jury in this State in an action of this character may be conceded. That there are some precedents is admitted so far as precedents of this character should go. There are no two cases where the nervous shock and injury can be the same. The physical injury may. The degree of mental suffering in a given case depends upon the nervous condition of the party. It is well known and recognized that the nervous sensibility of people differs. It can be revealed in physical manifestations much better than in word description. It must necessarily follow that-one case cannot serve as a concluding precedent for another. Conditions being dissimilar, the rule of precedent is not applicable. No case that has been cited is a precedent for this one in its essential conditions of injury. It accordingly follows that this can be no precedent for any other case except where conditions are exactly the same. Interference with this verdict would only mean the substitution of the judgment of this court for that of the jury. That subject is confided by law to the jury, and should not be invaded by the court, except for manifest and good reasons, which are not here present. Therefore, this judgment and order should he affirmed.

All concurred.

Judgment and order affirmed, with costs.  