
    BROWN v. STATE.
    (No. 2944.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    April 22, 1914.)
    1. Highways (§ 164) — Obstructions and Injuries — Criminal Prosecutions — Sufficiency of Evidence.
    On a trial for willfully obstructing and injuring a public road, and causing it to be done, evidence held sufficient to support a conviction.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Highways, Cent. Dig. §§ 447-455; Dec. Dig. § 164.]
    2. Highways (§■ 163) — Obstructions and Injuries — Criminal Offenses.
    Where accused, against the protests and objection of the properly constituted county authorities, undertook to determine for himself that a road properly constructed by such authorities was not properly constructed, and attempted to take the matter and the law into his own hands and construct it differently to suit his own desires, he was guilty of violating Penal Code 1911, art. 812, as amended by Acts 33d Deg. c. 128, making it a criminal offense to willfully obstruct,or injure, or cause to be obstructed or injured, any public road or highway.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Highways, Cent. Dig. §§ 444-446; Dec. Dig. § 163.]
    3. Highways (§ 164) — Obstructions and Injuries — Criminal Prosecutions — Punishment.
    Under Penal Code 1911, art. 812, ,as amended by Acts 33d Leg. c. 128, providing that any person willfully obstructing or injuring any public road shall be fined not exceeding $500, where accused, against the protests and objection of the properly constituted county authorities, cut a solid smooth gravel road, and put in a wooden culvert, thereby injuring and obstructing the road, and later commenced cutting the road at another point, a fine of $50 was proper.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Highways, Cent. Dig. §§' 447-455; Dec. Dig. § 164.]
    4.. Criminal Law (§'1090) — Reservation of Grounds of Review.
    Under Old Code Crim. Proc. 1895, art. 717, authorizing either party to present instructions which the court shall either give or refuse with or without modification, article 719, providing that in misdemeanor cases the court need not charge the jury except at the request of counsel, but when so requested shall give or refuse such charges, with or without modification, as are asked in writing, and article 723, providing that a judgment shall not be reversed for violations of the eight preceding articles, unless the error was calculated to injure defendant’s rights and was excepted to at the time of the trial, or on a motion for a new trial, in a misdemeanor case the giving and refusal of instructions cannot be considered, unless bills of exceptions are taken at the time in which the specific reasons why the court erred are given.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 2653, 2789, 2803-2822, 2825-2827, 2927, 2928, 2948, 3204; Dec. Dig. § 1090.]
    5. Criminal Law (§ 829) — Trial—Instructions Covered by Those Given.
    It was not error to refuse special charges which, so far as necessary and proper, were embraced in the main charge.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. § 2011; Dee. Dig. § 829.]
    6. Highways (§ 164) — Obstructions and Injuries — Criminal Prosecutions — Evidence.
    On a trial for willfully obstructing or injuring a public road, in violation of Penal Code 1911, art. 812, as amended by Acts 33d Leg. c. 128, where accused claimed that he acted solely to protect his premises from backwater caused by the road, evidence that when a county commissioner sent word to accused declining to take any action, and stating that the road was not the cause of the water backing up, accused said: “It seems we have no commissioner, and no commissioners’ court; just let’s take the matter in our own hands and attend to it,” and that when warned by a constable that he and those aiding him would be prosecuted, he replied, “Let’s go ahead and cut it in five or six places anyhow, and just let them prosecute” — was relevant on the question of willfullness.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Highways, Cent. Dig. §§ 447-455; Dec. Dig. § 164.]
    Appeal from Victoria County Court; J. P. Pool, Judge.
    J. W. Brown was convicted of an offense, and he appeals.
    Affirmed.
    J. L. Dupree and C. F. & C. C. Carsner, all of Victoria, for appellant. C. E. Lane, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
    
      
      For oilier cases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No. Series & Rep'r Indexes
    
   PRENDERGAST, P. J.

Appellant was convicted for unlawfully and willfully obstructing and injuring, and causing this to be done, one of the certain public roads in said county, and fined $50.

The record, practically without contradiction, except as hereinafter mentioned, shows this state of fact:

About a year before September, 1913, Victoria county, by and through its properly constituted authorities, had graded and graveled said public road, making it a solid, smooth graveled road. The country thereabouts was flat, smooth country, except that at one point near a small town or village the road crossed a depression or drain. The county authorities put, at this place, a galvanized iron drain, about two feet in diameter, which was deemed sufficient. A day or two before September 18th a somewhat heavy rain fell in that country, and the water on both sides of this road was backed up considerably by a railroad embankment near, but below, this road culvert. The county commissioner, who for the county and by its authority had had said road constructed and was supervising it, was at said town, and, his attention being called thereto, he examined the situation, and found that the road was not backing up the water, but the backing up and lack of drainage was caused by said railroad embankment. The appellant’s residence was several hundred yards above this road, and he, also nearer thereto than his residence, owned a tenant house, and he found that the water was backed up somewhat around his residence, and more so about his tenant house. He learned that said county commissioner was in the town ■on that occasion, and he had one of his neighbors to tell the commissioner that he and others wanted to see him about said backwater and ask him to fix some time after dinner to meet them. This friend interviewed the commissioner, as requested by appellant, and sought to make this engagement, but the commissioner told him .that he had already examined the situation and found that the culvert under the road was amply sufficient to convey the water off, and was not the cause of the water being backed up about appellant’s property, but was caused by said railroad, and that if they would get the railroad embankment removed, and the culvert that he had was not sufficient, that he had another iron culvert on the ground, and he would put that in, or whatever was sufficient to properly convey the water away. As the commissioner could not wait to meet the appointment appellant sought, he left the town. After dinner the appellant, with others, met where he had sought the commissioner to meet them, and his friend reported his interview with the commissioner and the result thereof and what was told him by the commissioner. This angered appellant, and he thereupon said: “I do not consider that we have got any commissioner or any commissioners’ court; they are not going to do anything; we will just take the matter in our own hands and cut it ourselves anyhow.” Appellant testified he did not remember making any such statement. The others thereafter examined the ground, and substantiated what the commissioner had said as to the cause of the backwater and the claimed insufficiency of the culverts under the road. The commissioner also sent word at the time by appellant’s friend, telling him and the others not to cut that road. Notwithstanding this, a day or two later, appellant bought, and with the assistance of others under his direction, on Saturday did cut the road and put a wooden culvert therein. The uncontradicted testimony shows, in effect, that the road thereby was injured and was obstructed. Some of the witnesses testified that the road, after it was thus cut by appellant and this wooden culvert put in, was not in good condition, describing how and why it wás not, and stating that it was nothing like in as good condition after, as before. The appellant himself testified that at the ends where he put in the wooden culvert the road got boggy on each side, and he aft-erwards fixed it, saying: “Before I put in this culvert this was a solid gravel road. The road is not as smooth now as it was before I put in the culvert.”

Just after appellant cut the road and put in this wooden culvert another heavy rain fell there. The railroad embankment likewise caused the water to back up substantially as it had a few days before in the first rain. On Tuesday or Wednesday after appellant had cut the road and put in this wooden culvert on the previous Saturday, the constable of the precinct saw appellant and others at another point on this same road about 100 yards from where he had previously cut it, prepared to again cut the road at that place. He thereupon went to where they were, inquired what they were going to do, and they told him they, were going to put in a wooden culvert. He in effect forbade them to do so, and told them if they did he would arrest them. The constable thereupon went back to his place of business and at once communicated with the county judge and commissioners’ court and the said same commissioner who had this road in charge, and told them what appellant was in' the act of doing again. They thereupon told the constable to inform appellant that he must not cut that road, and that if he did, all of them who participated would be prosecuted. The constable went back and delivered the message. The parties had just begun operations to cut the road again. Upon the delivery of the message appellant said to his associates: “Let’s go ahead and cut it in 5 or 6 places anyhow, and just let them prosecute.” Appellant denied saying all this, but said he did say at the time, “Let’s go ahead and put in a culvert.” Another one of his associates who was present at the time testified that appellant did say on this occasion, “Let’s cut it anyhow.”

We think the evidence is amply sufficient to sustain the verdict. The evidence tends to show, and we think with reasonable certainty does show, that the said road had been properly constructed by the regularly constituted and proper authorities of the county; that the appellant concluded it had not been, and he, against the positive protests and objection of the properly constituted authorities, undertook to determine for himself that the road was not properly constructed, and that he would take the matter and the law in his own hands and construct it differently to suit his own desires; that he knowingly, willfully, and intentionally violated the law, and that his acts, shown by his conduct and all the facts, were unjustified, and the punishment meted out to him was proper.

He requested two special charges which the court; refused. In his motion for a new trial he also had some complaints to the court’s charge, but none of these matters are presented in such a way as to authorize this court to review them. As said by this court in Giles v. State, 148 S. W. 320: “It is the well-established law of this state that in misdemeanor eases the only way this court is authorized to consider complaints of the •charge of the court and the refusal of special charges requested is by bill of exceptions taken at the time to the charge of the court in the matters attempted to be complained of, and to the refusal of the court to give the special charges requested, giving in the bill therefor the specific reasons why the court erred in giving the charge complained of, or, as the case may be, in refusing the requested charge. Articles 717, 719, 723, C. C. P. 1895 (Old); Hobbs v. State, 7 Tex. App. 118; Campbell v. State, 3 Tex. App. 33; Goode v. State, 2 Tex. App. 520; Dunbar v. State, 34 Tex. Cr. R. 596, 31 S. W. 401; Downey v. State, 33 Tex. Cr. R. 380, 26 S. W. 627; Loyd v. State, 19 Tex. App. 322; Lucio v. State, 35 Tex. Cr. R. 320, 33 S. W. 358; Martin v. State, 32 Tex. Cr. R. 442, 24 S. W. 512; Wright v. State, 60 Tex. Cr. R. 386, 131 S. W. 1070; Jenkins v. State, 60 Tex. Cr. R. 467, 132 S. W. 133; Basquez v. State, 56 Tex. Cr. R. 330, 119 S. W. 861. It is unnecessary to cite other cases.”

However, wherever necessary and proper to be given, the court in his main charge embraced all that was asked by appellant in his special charges and none of appellant’s complaints of the court’s charge present any reversible error, even if we could consider his complaints.

He has two bills of exceptions to the introduction of evidence. One is to that part of the testimony of his friend whom he had to interview the commissioner, substantially recited above, that he himself replied: “It seems we have no commissioner and no commissioners’ court; just let’s take the matter in our own hands and attend to it.” The other bill is to that part of the testimony of the constable of what he swore appellant said when he delivered the commissioners’ court’s message to the effect that he in reply thereto, said, “Let’s go ahead and cut it in five or six places anyhow, and just let them prosecute.” His objection to the first of these matters was that the testimony was irrelevant, immaterial, and not admissible for any purpose. And his objection to the other was because the same was irrelevant and immaterial, and not in any way connected with the act for which he was on trial, and did not show the commission of any offense and was inadmissible for any purpose. The law under which this prosecution was had (article 812, OP. C., amended by Act of April 3, 1913, p. 258) requires that the state shall prove that the accused willfully obstructed of injured the road. Appellant claimed that he did not willfully obstruct or injure the road, but that his purpose and intention was innocent, and that if he obstructed and injured the road, he did so solely to protect his premises from backwater caused by said road. His intention, whether willful or innocent, was therefore a material question. This testimony which he objected to tended to show that what he did was willful and not innocent. Judge White, in section 1070 of his Annotated Code of Criminal Procedure, p. 676, among other things, says: “Relevancy is defined to be that which conduces to the proof of a pertinent hypothesis ; a pertinent hypothesis being one which, if sustained, would logically influence the issue. Hence it is relevant to put in evidence any circumstance which tends to make the proposition at issue either more or less probable. Whatever is a condition, either of the existence or of the nonexistence of a relevant hypothesis, may be shown. * * * Evidence, though not bearing directly on the issue, nor sufficient per se to support a conviction, is admissible if it tends to prove the issue or constitutes a link in proof of it”—■ citing cases from this court in support of his propositions. Again, in section 1072, he says: “However remote from the main issue in point of time, place, or other circumstances a fact may be, if relevant and tending to explain the main issue, the safer practice is to admit evidence thereof, leaving the question of the weight to the jury. * * * Pacts tending to show a motive (intent) though remote, are admissible in evidence,” also citing cases from this court supporting his propositions. Again he says, in section 1231 of his Annotated Penal Code: “It is competent to prove acts, conduct, or declarations of the accused which tend to establish his knowledge or intent, though they, in themselves, constitute, in law, distinct crimes, and are apparently collateral and foreign to the main issue, and may have occurred either prior or subsequent to the act for which the accused is being tried” — citing again cases from this court supporting his propositions.

In our opinion the evidence objected to by said bills was admissible in this ease.

The judgment will be affirmed.

DAVIDSON, J., absent at consultation.  