
    Patrick Murphy, Respondent, v. Edward F. Milliken and Foster Milliken, Appellants.
    
      Negligence—failure to establish proper rules.—where the particulars of the negligence a/re specified other acts of negligence cannot be sTwwn — where they are not, any negligence can be shown.
    
    Where the complaint in an action to recover damages for personal injuries sustained by the plaintiff, while in the employ of the defendants, in consequence of their alleged negligence, specifies several particulars in which it is claimed that the defendants were negligent, but does not specify that they were negligent in failing to establish and enforce proper rules for the conduct of their business, evidence tending to establish that the defendants were negligent in the latter respect is inadmissible.
    
      Semble, that where the complaint in such an action contains only a general allegation of negligence, any testimony tending to establish negligence on the part of the defendants is admissible, but where the pleader elects to specify in the complaint the particulars in which the defendants were negligent, he must be confined to proof of those particulars upon the trial, and cannot, without an amendment, offer proof to establish the omission of an entirely different duty not mentioned in the complaint.
    Appeal by the defendants, Edward F. Milliken and another, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Kings on the 21st day of May, 1902, upon the verdict of a.jury for $8,000, and also from' an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 17th day of May, 1902, denying the defendants’ motion for a .new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      Frank Werner Johnson, for the appellants.
    
      Joseph Center Wight [Abel E. Blaokmcm with him on the brief], for the respondent.
   Willard Bartlett, J.:

The plaintiff, who was employed by the defendants to operate a traveling crane, sues to recover damages for personal injuries sustained by him in consequence of the fall of this crane, which he attributes to the defendants’ negligence. In his complaint he specifies several respects in which he claims that the defendants were negligent. These are (1) an omission to provide him with a safe place in which to work; (2) an omission to provide him with safe and suitable appliances and machinery; (3) negligence in the inspection of such appliances and machinery; (4) failure to repair the same, and (5) the employment of incompetent fellow-servants. At the close of the evidence on both sides the learned trial judge, in submitting the case to the jury, instructed them not only with reference to these various specifications of negligence, but also charged that the employers were burdened with the exercise of reasonable prudence and care in providing reasonable rules for the operation and the performance of the defendants’ work. The power which operated the crane, by the fall of which the plaintiff was injured, was furnished by means of an electric current; and the learned judge submitted to the jury the question whether the defendants should not have provided rules whereby this plaintiff might have known as to the control of the electric current, if you find they did not provide such rules.” At the close of the principal charge counsel for the defendants said: “ I understand the court has left to the jury .some question as to whether or not proper rules were promulgated. I desire to take an exception to leaving that matter to the jury ; and I ask the court to instruct the jury that there is no evidence in this case to warrant a finding that there was negligence on the part ■of the defendants in promulgating necessary and proper rules for the conduct of their business.” The court declined to charge as .requested, but said to the jury that the only question as to which the remarks of the court applied concerning reasonable rules and regulations related to the furnishing of electric power. An exception was thereupon duly taken to the refusal to charge the request which I have quoted.

I think this exception must be deemed fatal to the judgment. There was no allegation in" the complaint to the effect that the defendants had been negligent in failing to establish and enforce proper rules for the conduct of their business; and under the decision in Wagner v. N. Y., Chicago & St. Louis R. R. Co. (76 App. Div. 552) it would seem that the plaintiff was not entitled to offer evidence of any negligence in this respect. Where the complaint contains only a general allegation of negligence and is not helped out by a bill of particulars, any testimony tending to establish neglect on the part of the defendants resulting in injury to the plaintiff would be admissible without a more particular statement in the pleading. (Oldfield v. N. Y. & Harlem R. R. Co., 14 N. Y. 310.) But I suppose the correct . rule to be that where the pleader elects' to specify in the complaint the particulars in which the defendant was negligent, he must be confined to proof of those particulars upon the trial, and cannot, without an amendment,, offer proof to establish-the omission of an entirely different duty not mentioned or hinted at in the complaint.

However this may be, the evidence in the present case was wholly-insufficient to charge the defendants with any negligence in failing to promulgate and enforce proper rules with reference to the operation of the crane which fell and injured the plaintiff. The crane ran along an elevated runway at the foot of Clinton street, in the borough of Brooklyn, and the accident is alleged to have been caused by the shutting off of the' electric power by the electrician in the neighboring power station of the' Edison Electric Illuminating Company. The theory of the plaintiff’s counsel upon.the trial was that the- negligent withdrawal of the power at a time when the crane was moving, with the plaintiff upon it, prevented him from bringing it to a stop and allowed the crane to run down with great, force towards the buffers at the end of the runway, breaking the buffers and falling into the river, carrying the plaintiff with it. The accident occurred just before the cessation of work on a Sunday, and the plaintiff, was about to take the crane toward the end of the runway and tie up for the night. A foreman machinist in the employ of the defendants, named Einck, had previously arranged with the electrician in charge of the dynamo at the sub-station, whereby he was to give the electrician a signal when the crane reached the end of the runway. While waiting to give this signal according to the arrangement, and, as Einck says, before he had made any signal whatever, the plaintiff operating the crane ran down the runway “ full blast ” over the buffers and off the structure. In behalf of the -plaintiff it is argued that the defendants ought to have restrained Einck by a rule from signaling prematurely or from acting in any way about cutting off the power. I-am unable to see how. the establishment of any such rule would have prevented the accident; for, according to Finck’s testimony, which in this, respect is uncontradicted and does hot appear seriously to be questioned, he neither signaled prematurely nor .signaled at all. In other words, he did exactly what he would have been required to do by the only rule which the proof suggests as proper under the circumstances.

In view of the only evidence in the record on this branch of the case, I think it was clearly error to leave any question to the jury in regard to the failure of the defendants to establish and enforce rules relating to the application of the electric power to the operation of the crane in charge of the plaintiff; and on account of this error a new trial must be granted.

Goodrich, P. J., Woodward, Jenks and Hooker, JJ., concurred.

Judgment and order reversed and new trial granted, costs to abide the event.  