
    In the matter of the election of Directors of The Chenango County Mutual Insurance Company.
    ALBANY,
    Feb. 1839.
    An election of directors of an insurance company will not be set aside merely because the inspectors are not sworn.
    Where by the charter of a corporation directors only are prohibited from serving as inspectors of the election, other officers of the company are not excluded.
    Where no time is limited within which the poll of an election must be held, it may be adjourned from day to day in the discretion of the inspectors.
    An election of directors will not be set aside because illegal votes were given, unless they were challenged $ nor will it be set aside although the votes were challenged, if after deducting all illegal votes there is still a clear majority in favor of the persons declared to be elected.
    This was a motion to set aside the election of seven directors of the company, declared by the inspectors of the annual election held in September, 1838, to have been duly elected. The grounds relied upon in support of the motion, were the following: 1. That the inspectors were net sworn faithfully to perform the duties of their appointment; 2. That one of the inspectors was an officer of the company; 3. That the election was improperly conducted, inasmuch as the polls were kept open seven days, and when closed, were closed at an earlier hour of the day than had been anticipated from the declarations of the inspectors; and 4. That votes had been given for the persons elected, illegal in the following particulars : first, that proxies upon which votes were given were unaccompanied by affidavits ; second, that in various instances the names of the persons giving the proxies had not stood upon the books of the company for the period of thirty days previous to the election ; and third, that in many other instances the proxies were executed by persons assuming to act as attorneys for the stockholders, without the production of any authority to perform such acts. The fact that the inspectors were not sworn, was admitted ; and it was also admitted that one of the inspectors was an officer of the company, but not a director. In relation to the closing of the polls, the surprize complained of was wholly denied on the part of the inspectors, and they were supported by the affidavits of other persons, Ast0 t^le *tteSal votes, it appeared that there were such votes on both sides, but that deducting the whole of such votes the persons declared to be elected had a decided majority.
    
      M. T. Reynolds, for the motion,
    S. Beardsley, (attorney general) contra.
   By the Court,

Nelson, Ch. J.

The first ground relied on in support of this motion, viz. that the inspectors were not sworn according to the directions of the statute, 1 R. S. 604, § 7, is not in itself sufficient to destroy the election, as was recently held in the case of the Mohawk, and Hudson Rail Road Company, ante, 135.

As to the second objection : This company by its charter is subject to all the restrictions and limitations imposed upon the Jefferson County Mutual Insurance Company. And that corporation is subject to the provisions of the eighteenth chapter of the first part of the revised statutes as far as the same are applicable. Statutes, sess. of 1836, p. 315, § 3, and p. 46, § 14. 2 R. S. 577, 589, 596, § 34. By the section last quoted it is declared that no person shall be chosen or appointed an inspector of an election of directors in a corporation, of which he shall be a director or officer. The act incorporating the Jefferson County Mutual Insurance Company, by its fourth section, disqualifies as inspectors only the directors of the company; and although by a subsequent section it is declared that the corporation shall be subject to the provisions of the 18th chapter of the revised statutes, it is so only so far forth as the same are applicable, and the legislature having in the act incorporating the insurance company limited the disqualification to directors only, the revised statutes in this respect must be deemed inapplicable, and consequently the second ground of the motion fails.

The third ground of the motion is, the keeping open of the polls for a number of days, and then the unexpected closing of them at an earlier hour than had been contemplated, by which it is alleged that a number of votes were excluded which otherwise would have been given. In respect to this objection, I observe, that no time is specified by law ... „ , . , . r _ within which the polls must be kept open ; the duration ot the time must, therefore, be left to the sound discretion of the inspectors. Vide the case of the Mohawk and Hudson R. R. Co. ante, 147. As to the due exercise of discretion in this case, the affidavits submitted on this motion are considerably in conflict, but it is impossible for me to say, giving due weight to all of them, that there was an abuse of discretion. The depositions of the inspectors themselves are very full and explicit, and in respect to their conduct most seriously impeached, namely, as to the closing of the polls, they are strongly confirmed by the evidence of others ; so much so that I do not feel myself warranted in subjecting the company upon this ground to the trouble and expense of a new election ; and especially so when I see from the papers submitted that if a further continuance of the poll had been granted, the result probably would not have been varied, except, perhaps as to one candidate. The duties of inspectors of election under this charter, are obviously attended with a good deal of difficulty, and it is to be regretted as well in regard to the interests of these institutions as in respect to the public good, that the time within which the polls of election for directors shall be kept open had not been specifically defined ; as it is, great abuses may be practised, and the very opportunity that exists will lead to their occurrence.

As to the illegal votes; it is said that proxies upon which votes were given were not accompanied by affidavits of the stockholders, as required by § 40 of 2 R. S. 597, and that the names of persons who were permitted to vote by proxy had not stood upon the books of the corporation thirty days previous to the election. There is some difficulty in the application of the provisions of the 18th chapter of the revised statutes to the charter now under consideration, arising out of the more general reference to such provisions, referred to above when considering the second objection raised in this case. The difficulty, however, is in some measure removed by § 51, p. 598, which declares that the term moneyed corporation, as used in the title under whicn the section is found, s^a^ construed to mean every corporation having banking powers, &c. or authorized by law to make insurances. By § 36, p. 596, the stock voted upon must have been standing upon the books of the corporation thirty days previous to the election, and by § 39 and 40 no person is permitted to vote upon a proxy unless he produce annexed to his proxy an affidavit of the stockholder as specified in the statute. Neither of these provisions seems to have been regarded at the election on either side, nor have I discovered in the voluminous papers submitted on this motion any challenge, of a person offering to vote, upon these particular grounds. It is quite clear, generally speaking, that an illegal vote, not challenged, will not invalidate an election, nor will even be inquired into. No oath or affidavit seems to be required unless a challenge is interposed, § 39, 40, 41 ; and this accords with the general usage at elections. I do not say but that it is the duty of the inspectors themselves to inquire into the qualifications of persons offering to vote. This, however, is usually done in an informal manner, with a view to see that a prima facie right to give the vote exists.

The decisive answer, however, to the fourth ground of objection urged against this election is, that if all the exceptionable votes given on both sides are rejected, still according to the best estimate that I have been able to make from the papers before me, the seven persons declared to be elected have a clear majority; and this is true also, if we regard every variety of exception taken to the votes. In such a case it is not our practice under this statute, 1 R. S. 603, § 5, which directs a disposition of the case “ as right and justice may appear,” to disturb the election. Vide analogous cases, 7 Cowen, 153, and ante, pp. 35 and 135.

After the most careful examination and consideration which I have been able to bestow upon this case, I am of opinion the motion must be denied.

Motion denied*  