
    William J. WISOTZKE, Jr., Appellant, v. ONTARIO COUNTY and Donald Brault, Appellees, George M. Reiber, Trustee.
    No. 09-3139-bk.
    United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
    June 29, 2010.
    Peter D. Grubea, Buffalo, N.Y. (Rachel S. Sherman, Troy, NY, of counsel), for Appellant.
    Jason S. Diponzio, Rochester, NY, for Appellee Ontario County.
    David D. MacKnight, Lacy, Katzen, Ryen and Mittleman LLP, Rochester, NY, for Appellee Donald Brault.
    PRESENT: RALPH K. WINTER, JOSÉ A. CABRANES, RICHARD C. WESLEY, Circuit Judges.
   SUMMARY ORDER

On June 23, 2009, the District Court affirmed a judgment of the United States Bankruptcy Court, Western District of New York (John C. Ninfo, II, Judge), holding that certain real property (the “Property”) was not an asset of appellant Wisotzke’s estate at the time he filed for protection under Chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code. 11 U.S.C. § 541. Wisotzke filed a timely appeal.

Wisotzke makes two arguments on appeal. First, he argues that the District Court erred in concluding that his legal and equitable title to the Property had expired when he failed to redeem it within the thirty day grace period for redemption following a judgment of foreclosure under New York law. N.Y. Real Prop. Tax Law § 1131 (2000). Because he retained a legal and equitable interest in the Property at the time he filed for bankruptcy protection, Wisotzke claims, the Property was property of the estate pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 541.

Second, Wisotzke argues that the District Court erred in concluding that the in rem tax foreclosure proceeding conducted by Ontario County following the judgment of foreclosure was not a “foreclosure sale” within the meaning of 11 U.S.C. § 1322(c). Even if his legal and equitable interest and right to redeem the Property expired under New York law, he asserts, § 1322(c) supersedes state law and tolls the redemption period until “a foreclosure sale is conducted in accordance with nonbankruptcy law.” 11 U.S.C. § 1322(c)(1).

“[W]e review the decision of the bankruptcy court independently,” examining its conclusions of law de novo and its factual findings for clear error. Adelphia Bus. Solutions, Inc. v. Abnos, 482 F.3d 602, 607 (2d Cir.2007). “We will determine that a finding is clearly erroneous when we are left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made.” In Re Ames Department Stores, 582 F.3d 422, 426 (2d Cir.2009) (internal quotation marks omitted).

After an independent review, we hold, for substantially the reasons stated by the District Court in its well-reasoned opinion, Wisatzke v. Ontario County, 409 B.R. 20 (W.D.N.Y.2009), that the Property was not property of the estate pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 541 and that the in rem tax foreclosure proceeding conducted by Ontario County following the judgment of foreclosure was not a “foreclosure sale” within the meaning of 11 U.S.C. § 1322(c).

CONCLUSION

We have considered each of Wisotzke’s arguments on appeal and find them to be without merit. For the reasons stated above, we AFFIRM the judgment of the District Court. 
      
      . It is undisputed that the County failed to execute and record the deed to the Property until after it was sold at auction. Whether that step was a necessary predicate to the complete divestment of Wisotzke's interest in the Property pursuant to state law, N.Y. Real Property Tax Law § 1136(3), or instead a mere "ministerial act," In re Rodgers, 333 F.3d 64, 67 (2d Cir.2003), we express no judgment. Because Wisotzke neglected to raise that argument on appeal, it is "abandoned and lost." United States v. Joyner, 313 F.3d 40, 44 (2d Cir.2002).
     