
    Kevin Dewayne WINCHESTER, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Robert PATTON, Director of the Oklahoma Department of Corrections, Respondent-Appellee.
    No. 15-7031.
    United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.
    Aug. 25, 2015.
    Kevin Dewayne Winchester, Holdenville, OK, pro se.
    Gary Lynn Elliott, Oklahoma Department of Corrections, Oklahoma City, OK, for Respondent-Appellee.
    Before HOLMES, MATHESON, and PHILLIPS, Circuit Judges.
   ORDER AND JUDGMENT

SCOTT M. MATHESON, JR., Circuit Judge.

State prisoner Kevin Dewayne Winchester, proceeding pro se, moved for habeas relief in federal district court under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 to challenge the monetary restitution imposed on him in a prison disciplinary proceeding. He alleged three claims: (1) insufficient evidence to support the disciplinary violation in violation of due process, (2) collection of restitution without a proper order in violation of due process and equal protection, and (3) state court judicial discrimination in violation of due process and equal protection.

The district court dismissed the first two claims for failure to exhaust administrative remedies and the third claim as meritless. Mr. Winchester has filed a brief combining a request for a certifícate of appealability (COA) and for relief on the merits.

A proper § 2241 petition “attacks the execution of a sentence,” Haugh v. Booker, 210 F.3d 1147, 1148 (10th Cir.2000); see Brace v. United States, 634 F.3d 1167, 1169 (10th Cir.2011). It “attacks the fact or duration of a prisoner’s confinement and seeks the remedy of immediate release or a shortened period of confinement.” McIntosh v. U.S. Parole Comm’n, 115 F.3d 809, 812 (10th Cir.1997). In contrast, “a prisoner who challenges the conditions of his confinement must do so through a civil rights action.” Palma-Salazar v. Davis, 677 F.3d 1031, 1035 (10th Cir.2012) (citation omitted).

Mr. Winchester’s claims are not cognizable under § 2241. None concerns the fact or duration of his confinement or the execution of his sentence. The disciplinary restitution was not imposed as part of his sentence for his underlying offense. As the district court said, “his claim cannot be presented in a § 2241 action” because he “did not lose any earned credits.” ROA at 150. The district court further noted that Mr. Winchester “presented no authority to support his allegation that his restitution claim can be presented in a § 2241 petition.” Id. at 201. He has not done so here. And he has not shown how the disciplinary proceeding affected his sentence in any way.

Although Mr. Winchester improperly characterized his claims as sounding under § 2241, “[fjederal courts sometimes will ignore the legal label that a pro se litigant attaches to a motion and recharacterize the motion in order to place it within a different legal category. They may do so ... to create a better correspondence between the substance of a pro se motion’s claim and its underlying legal basis.” Castro v. United States, 540 U.S. 375, 381-82, 124 S.Ct. 786, 157 L.Ed.2d 778 (2003) (citations omitted).

When properly characterized as a civil rights action, it does not require a COA. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(A) (COA required to appeal a “final order in a habeas corpus proceeding in which the detention complained of arises out of process issued by a State court” (emphasis added)). But even viewing Mr. Winchester’s action as a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claim, we must affirm dismissal.

A prisoner challenging disciplinary proceedings under § 1983 must exhaust his administrative remedies. See 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a) (“No action shall be brought with respect .to prison conditions under section 1988 of this title, or any other Federal law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such administrative remedies as are available are exhausted.”); Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 736, 121 S.Ct. 1819, 149 L.Ed.2d 958 (2001).

Mr. Winchester devotes most of his brief to describing and criticizing the disciplinary proceedings, especially how restitution was determined and collected, and to attempting to show he followed required procedures. We have carefully reviewed Mr. Winchester’s brief, the district court order, and the material portions of the record on appeal, and agree with the district court that Mr. Winchester failed to exhaust his available administrative remedies to bring his first two' claims.

As to Mr. Winchester’s third claim — that the state district court discriminated against him — he does not present an argument in his brief as to how the federal district court may have erred in dismissing this claim. We therefore do not address it here. Reedy v. Werholtz, 660 F.3d 1270, 1275 (10th Cir.2011) (When “[t]he argument section of [the] opening brief does not challenge the [district] court’s reasoning on [a] point[, w]e ... do not address the matter.”)

Based on the foregoing, we conclude that (1) Mr. Winchester mischaracterized his claims regarding disciplinary restitution as cognizable under § 2241; (2) viewed as § 1983 claims, they should be dismissed because he has not exhausted his administrative remedies; and (3) we do not reach his judicial discrimination claim because it is not adequately briefed on appeal.

Although we uphold the district court’s determination that Mr. Winchester on his first two claims “failed to exhaust, we vacate and remand [those claims] for the court below to either modify its opinion to specify that the dismissal is without prejudice, or make a determination on the merits within its permissible scope to do so under 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(c)(2).” Fitzgerald v. Corrs. Corp. of Am., 403 F.3d 1134, 1140 (10th Cir.2005); see Gallagher v. Shelton, 587 F.3d 1063 (10th Cir.2009). We affirm dismissal of the third claim. 
      
       After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R.App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R.App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
     
      
      . We therefore construe his arguments liberally. Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94, 127 S.Ct. 2197, 167 L.Ed.2d 1081 (2007) (per curiam); see also United States v. Pinson, 584 F.3d 972, 975 (10th Cir.2009) ("[W]e must construe [a pro se litigant's] arguments liberally; this rule of liberal construction stops, however, at the point at which we begin to serve as his advocate.”).
     