
    Martin Van Buren, Respondent, v. The First National Bank of Cooperstown, Appellant.
    
      Surrogates decree directing the payment of a sum of money only by an executor, on his discha/rge, to his successor — right of the executor to sue thereafter in his individual name for securities of the estate deposited by him for safe heeping.
    
    A decree made upon a petition by an executor for leave to resign, which charges him with the value of certain securities (shown by the account filed to be in his possession), and provides that “ when he shall have paid over the sum of §8,153.83, found due from him as aforesaid to Van B. Pruyn, who is hereby appointed the successor of the said'Martin Van Burén, as directed by the surrogate, it is ordered and adjudged that the resignation of the said Martin Van Burén, as executor of the last will and testament of Cornelius Van Burén, deceased, be and the same is accepted, and that he be discharged of and from all liability and duty on account thereof, and his letters revoked accordingly,” does not preclude the executor from subsequently maintaining, in his individual capacity, an action (the complaint in which sets forth his representative capacity) to recover possession of such securities from the custody of a bank, with which he had deposited them for safe keeping before the decree was rendered; in any event, the bank, in order to defeat such an action, is obliged to show that the executor’s successor has a valid claim to the securities.
    Kellogg and Herrick, JJ., dissented.
    Appeal by the defendant, The First National Bank of Oooperstown, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Otsego on the 26th day of September, 1898, upon the verdict of a jury, and also from an order bearing date the 20th day of June, 1898, and entered in said clerk’s office denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    The action was commenced June 21, 1895. The decree referred to in the opinion is dated March 14, 1895.
    
      Lynn J. Arnold, for the appellant.
    
      A. L¿. Gibbs, for the respondent.
   Parker, P. J.:

The plaintiff in this case, in 1882, was the executor and trustee under the will of Cornelius Van Buren, deceased, and as such held as part of the assets of that estate two town bonds for $500 each. These bonds he deposited with the defendant bank, as he claims, for safe keeping. In 1895 he demanded the possession of such bonds from the bank, which was refused, and he brought this action to recover for the same. In the title of his summons and complaint he appears as plaintiff, without setting forth his representative character, but in the body of the complaint he avers his representative character and that the bonds belonged to the estate of which he was executor. The defendant, in its answer, admits its incorporation, and that the plaintiff has been duly appointed and qualified as executor as alleged in the 2d paragraph of his complaint, and denies all other allegations. It further sets up that after the year 1882 the two bonds were pledged by the plaintiff with it as collateral security for his debt of §1,300; that such indebtedness was evidenced by two promissory notes held by the bank, which were renewed, from time to time, until April, 1895, when judgment was obtained thereon in its favor against plaintiff, and execution issued and returned unsatisfied, and that the defendant was then in the lawful possession of such bonds. It also averred that, at the time of the commencement of this action, plaintiff did not have any right, title or interest in the bonds so held by it.

On the trial a single question was submitted to the jury, as to whether the bonds were pledged to the bank as collateral security for the payment of the two notes, and did the bank by reason thereof and believing that the bonds were the individual property of the plaintiff, in good faith extend the time of payment of the notes ? To that question the jury answered no. And thereupon judgment was rendered in favor of plaintiff for the amount of the bonds, with interest thereon and costs. From that judgment and an order denying a new trial the defendant appeals.

It appeared upon the trial that on January 28, 1895, the plaintiff petitioned the surrogate to be allowed to resign his trust as such executor, on the ground of his advanced age and impaired eyesight, and to that end that his accounts he judicially settled, his letters revoked and a successor appointed. Under that petition a citation was duly issued and such proceedings were had that a decree was entered judicially settling his accounts and charging him with a balance of $2,153.83, found due from him to the estate, and letters of administration with the will annexed were issued to Van B. Pruyn as his successor.

• Upon this appeal it is claimed by the appellant that, even though the plaintiff deposited the bonds with the bank for safe keeping merely, yet he cannot recover for them in this action, because his right to the possession of the same has passed to his successor, and also because he cannot maintain this action in his individual capacity.

N either one of these defenses is tendered by the answer; but conceding that upon the evidence they may properly be considered, yet, in my opinion, neither of them can be sustained.

The decree entered upon the plaintiff’s petition for leave to resign charges him with a balance of $2,153.83. It appears from his account filed in that proceeding that the only assets in his hands were certain interest-bearing securities, which were held by him under a prior order of the surrogate, among which were the two bonds in question. And such balance of $2,153.83 is the full amount of such securities less certain credits allowed him against the same. The decree nowhere provides that such securities be delivered over to his successor, as it could have done under section 2603 of the Code of Civil Procedure, but it charges the full amount thereof against this plaintiff and requires him to pay the same over to his successor. It further provides that “ when he shall have paid over the sum of $2,153.83, found due from him as aforesaid, to Van B. Pruyn, who is hereby appointed the successor of the said Martin Van Burén, as directed by the surrogate, it is ordered and adjudged that the resignation of the said Martin Van Burén, as executor of the last will and testament of Cornelius Van Burén, deceased, be and the same is accepted, and that he be discharged of and from all liability and duty on account thereof, and his letters revoked accordingly.”

This decree does not deprive plaintiff of his right to the possession of such bonds. It will not be claimed that Van B. Pruyn was entitled to the sum of $2,153.83 from the plaintiff, and also to the securities of which that sum is made up.

Concede that the bonds will be considered assets of the estate until plaintiff has paid the amount decreed against him, yet his right to possess them and to realize from them in order to pay is not taken from him by such a decree. The title and the right to possess them has not by that decree passed from him to his successor. As against this defendant, who was a mere depositary, plaintiff has still the right to possess and demand the same. Were it otherwise — if the successor alone has the title and is entitled to that possession, to the exclusion of the plaintiff — then in equity the decree that plaintiff pay the money for the same must be deemed satisfied by the application of the securities thereto, and the successor is left to recover from the depositary as best he may.

It is also to be noticed that by this decree the plaintiff’s resignation is not accepted, nor are his letters revoked, until he has paid the sum charged against him. Although a successor is named, this plaintiff’s authority is not revoked. By the decree, itself, it is preserved until payment is made. It seems very clear to me that he still has the right, as against his depositary, to the possession of these bonds, and has never been deprived of authority to enforce that right.

It is said, however, that such right belongs to him in his representative capacity only, and that hence he cannot maintain this action in his individual name.

It is a right that accrued to plaintiff subsequent to the death of his testator, and rests entirely upon a transaction between himself and the defendant, viz., upon the implied promise to return to him the bonds upon demand. Such a. right may be enforced in his individual, as well as in his representative, capacity. (Buckland v. Gallup, 105 N. Y. 453; Bingham v. Marine Nat. Bark, 112 id. 661.)

But in the complaint it appears just what his claim is and in just what capacity he sues, and for these reasons this latter objection is not well taken.

In order to defeat this plaintiff’s demand for these bonds the defendant, having failed in its claim that it held them as a valid pledge for the plaintiff’s debt, was at least obliged to show that the plaintiff’s right to possession had departed from him and that another party, having a better right, made claim to the same. This it failed to do, and, hence, I conclude that the motion for a nonsuit was properly denied.

The exceptions taken upon the trial do not present any reversible error, and the weight of evidence is not so strong against the verdict as to warrant us in disturbing it.

The judgment must be affirmed, with costs.

All concurred, except Kellogg, J., dissenting in an opinion concurred in by ELebbick, J.

Kellogg, J. (dissenting):

The plaintiff was executor of the will of Cornelius Van Burén, and, as such executor, two bonds aggregating $1,000 came into his possession. These he deposited for safe keeping with defendant. Subsequently, and before this action was commenced, an administrator with the will annexed — one Van B. Pruvn •— was appointed and entered upon the discharge of his duties. At the time of such appointment it is conceded that these bonds were the property of the estate of the testator, the deceased, Cornelius Van Burén. It is conceded that the plaintiff in this action never had any interest or title to the bonds individually. The defendant claimed that plaintiff, as an individual, turned the bonds over to it as collateral security for a debt owing to the bank. The jury found against this contention by finding that no agreement was ever made to that effect. Prior to the commencement of this action, the plaintiff caused a demand to be made upon defendant, both in his individual capacity and in his capacity as executoi-, for a return of the bonds to one A. R. Gibbs. Such demand was in writing and declared that these bonds belonged “to the estate of Cornelius Van Burén, deceased.” This written order for the bonds was signed by plaintiff individually and by him as executor, and was subsequently, before action, indorsed over to Van B. Pruyn, the administrator with the will annexed. The question arises, can this action be maintained, on these undisputed facts, for conversion of the bonds, in the name of plaintiff individually ? I think it unnecessary to examine any other question raised on this appeal other than the one relating to the plaintiff’s right to maintain the action in his individual name. The facts touching any alleged transfer by plaintiff to defendant were settled by the jury adversely to defendant, and ujion testimony which seems to be sufficient to sustain their verdict. But the question of plaintiff’s ownership cf the bonds, or of any interest therein, giving him in his individual name a right of action for their conversion, is directly raised by the answer. The plaintiff established upon the trial the absolute ownership of the bonds by Cornelius Van Burén at the time of his death, and plaintiff’s possession of them thereafter only as executor of his estate, a.nd was careful to prove no interest whatever at any time in him individually, and disclaimed having ever treated them as individual property in any way, and on this character of evidence the court and jury apparently found with plaintiff. Before the trial, the bonds were demanded of the defendant by the executor as the property of the estate of Cornelius Van Burén. This is not property acquired by an executor after a testator’s decease — property which lie may treat as his own, or as belonging to the estate — but it is property in which the executor never had, by contract or otherwise, any interest. As to such property, as I understand the Code of Civil Procedure in its present form (§§ 449,1814), all actions relating to such property must be brought in the official name of the personal representative of the estate. In Thompson v. Whitmarsh (100 N. Y. 40) the Court of Appeals said : “ The effect of the section, and the change produced by it, is upon the class of cases in which the action could have been maintained in either form; as where, upon a contract, made with the testator, the cause of action accrued after his death; or where, upon a debt or obligation due to the deceased, the executor or administrator has taken a new security or evidence of debt. In these cases, before the Code, the action might be in the individual or representative name, but now must be in the latter.”

The plaintiff, as an individual, cannot recover in conversion by standing on any contract of bailment. He must show some special property in the thing converted to maintain such an action. Here, plaintiff has not even the prima faoie title evidenced by possession. It cannot be said that defendant has no right to deny plaintiff’s right to recover, since a demand has been made upon him as bailee by the executor, the true owner. If the defendant now surrendered the property to plaintiff, or submitted to pay him individually its appraised value, the true representative of the estate of Cornelius Van Burén might also recover full value, for the property is his, and he demanded it before this action was brought. Upon his rights this judgment has no bearing.

I think the judgment and order should be reversed, with costs.

Herrick, J., concurred.

Judgment affirmed, with costs

(£asjes DETERMINED IN THE FIRST DEPARTMENT IN THE APPELLATE DIVISION, 1900.  