
    John T. Fenlon, Resp’t, v. John Dempsey and Another, App’lts.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department,
    
    
      Filed November 24, 1888.
    
    1. Contempt—Examination of corporation before trial—Code of Civ. Pro., §§ 873, 873.
    In an examination of a corporation before trial, pursuant to sections 873, 873, where an order is made for the production of the books of the company, each trustee is liable to be compelled to produce its books for use in connection with his examination.
    
      2 Same—Burden of proof upon contempt proceedings.
    Upon a reference to take proof as to whether or not a person has been guilty of contempt in failing to produce certain books which he had been directed, by order of the court, to produce upon an examination before trial, the burden is upon that person to show, by common law proof that the books called for do not exist, or are not under his control.
    3. Same—Presumption—When trustee guilty of contempt.
    Where, under the law under which a corporation is organized, the trustees thereof are required to keep a certain book, the presumption is, in the absence of any evidence, that such book exists and is kept by the trustees as required by statute, and when they, without explaining their neglect by common law proof, fail to obey an order of the court to produce such a book, they are guilty of contempt.
    
      4 Same—Discretion of the court as to fine—Must be furnished UPON LEGAL PROOF.
    While the court has power, in such case, to impose a fine upon the guilty party, as an indemnity for legal expenses incurred by the other side, in addition to those properly taxable, the amount of such indemnity is not in the discretion of the court, but must be founded upon legal proof.
    Appeal from order adjudging the appellants guilty of contempt in failing to produce certain books of the Union Square Printing Co.
    
      Abram Kling, for appl’ts; John McCrone, for resp’t.
   Van Brunt, P. J.

On the 10th of November, 1887, an order was made, by Mr. Justice Barrett that the Union Square Printing Company, a corporation, be examined and its deposition taken in this action pursuant to sections 872, 873, of the Code of Civil Procedure and for that purpose that John Dempsey as president, and George D. Carroll as treasurer of the defendant corporation, be examined and produce at the time mentioned in said order the book or books of the defendant corporation showing the ownership and transfer of stock therein, and its business ledger or blotter as well as its by-laws and books, etc. This order was duly served upon the defendants together with a subpoena duces tecum.

The defendants failed to appear upon the return day of said order. On the eighteenth of November Mr. Justice Barrett granted an order to show'cause why the said Dempsey and Carroll should not be punished and fined as for contempt for their neglect and disobedience of said order and of said subpoena duces tecum. Upon the return of said order a motion was entertained by the justice then holding the special term to vacate and set aside the order upon the affidavits then presented, which motion was denied and the motion to punish the defendants Dempsey and Carroll as prayed for granted with costs unless they attended on the day and place in said order fixed with the books called for in said original order and submitted to examination then, and from time to time thereafter as might be necessary.

The defendants appeared pursuant to this order and were examined, but they refused to produce the books as provided for in said order. On the 30th of January, 1888, the "order made on the 26th of November, 1887, adjudging the defendants in contempt unless they appeared and were examined and produced the books was amended by adding thereto the statement that the intent of the order was simply to sustain the original order for the examination of the defendants and that the court did not pass upon the question whether the defendants had in their possession the books which they were required to produce;

On the 23d of December, 1887, Mr. Justice Lawrence granted an order upon papers therein recited that the defendants show cause why they should not be punished for contempt in neglecting and refusing to produce the books called for by said original order, to wit, the stock ledger and minute book of the defendant company. Upon the hearing of this order to show cause, an order was entered referring it to a referee to take proof as to the facts constituting the alleged contempt, and to report the same with his opinion thereon. When the parties came before the referee, the moving parties introduced the original affidavit and order for the examination of the defendants and the production of the books. These papers the learned referee received as pleadings defining the issues involved in this proceeding, and not as evidence as to the commission of the contempt, -and held that the contempt must be established by common law proof. The plaintiff thereupon examined a witness for the purpose of showing that the defendants had failed to comply with the order by producing the books called for. The defendants attempted to prove, upon the cross-examination of the witness, what the defendants had testified to upon their examination, which evidence was excluded by the referee upon the ground that the examination had been reduced to writing and signed. This examination of the defendants was marked for identifiation, but, as far as the minutes go, there is nothing to show that it was ever offered in evidence before the referee, lío evidence whatever was offered upon the part of the defendants. The referee thereupon reported that the parties had been guilty of a contempt. The motion to punish for contempt was renewed by the plaintiff, and a motion made by the defendants to set aside the referee’s report upon the ground of misconduct on the part of the referee. The motion to set aside the report was denied, and the motion to punish for contempt was granted, and from the orders thereupon entered these appeals are taken.

It was claimed in support of the motion to set aside the report that the referee had refused to. consider the affidavits or depositions mentioned in the order of reference other than such affidavits as were introduced in evidence by the plaintiff’s attorney before him ; and that as these affidavits raised an issue as to the possession of the books, it was necessary that the plaintiff before he was entitled to these proceedings should prove before the referee, by common law proof, that the defendants had possession of the books in question.

As far as the disposition of this motion was concerned, it was entirely immaterial whether the referee considered these affidavits and depositions or not. The case was tried by the referee, as though the question to be determined was, whether the defendants were to be deemed in possession of these hooks on the proof presented before him ; and he found that, under the circumstances, the burden of proof of showing the fact that these books were not in their possession was upon the defendants, and in this we think he was clearly right for two reasons :

First, because the order of Mr. Justice Barrett required the production of the books, and if the defendants did not obey this order they were bound to show the reason why, and this, under the ruling of the referee, made at the suggestion of the defendants’ counsel, could, only be done by the production of common law proof that the books called for did not exist, or that they could not be produced by the defendants because they knew nothing of their whereabouts and could not ascertain the same.

The denial contained in the examination of the defendants could not be received as such proof, even if offered for that purpose, which they were not, because they were not common law proof. The reference was ordered because these denials did not satisfy the learned justice before whom the motion was made, and he desired that an oral examination should be had upon this point before an officer who could see the witnesses and judge from their appearance as well • as from the testimony given of the verity of their utterances. The books having been ordered to be produced, the burden was upon the defendants to excuse their failure to obey.

The second reason why the burden of proof was upon the defendants to excuse their neglect to produce the books is because under the law under which the Union Square Printing Company was organized the trustees were bound to keep a book of the character called for by the subpoena, and the failure to keep such a book was prescribed by the statute to be a misdemeanor. The presumption therefore was that the trustees of this corporation had performed their duty, had not been guilty of a misdemeanor and had kept the ‘book in question, and such being the fact, that the book was in existence and had been kept as required by the statute. Each trustee was liable to be compelled to produce that book in court, under the provisiohs of the Code, for the purpose of being used in connection with his examination to refresh his memory upon points upon which he might be examined by reference thereto.

In the case of The People v. Pease (27 N. Y., 74) this rule in regard to presumptions is distinctly recognized. In that case the question arose as to the right of a person who was alien born to vote. It was claimed that in the absence of any proof of naturalization such vote must be disallowed; the court,, upon the other hand, held that as the voter could not be presumed to have committed a crime, which he would have doné had he voted without being naturalized, in absence of all proof upon the subject, it must be presumed that he had become a citizen before offering his vote, and the principle laid down by Greenleaf in his work on Evidence that “ where the negative allegation involves a charge of criminal neglect of duty, whether official or otherwise, or fraud or the wrongful violation of actual lawful possession of property, the party making the allegation must prove it, for in these cases the presumption of law which is always in favor of innocence and quiet possession is in favor of the party charged,” was referred to with approval.

And the court proceed to say that the request to charge in the case cited involved something more than a criminal neglect of duty or fraud.

If the party voted without naturalization the act constituted it a dismeanor. The presumption against positive crime cannot be less strong than the presumption against positive crime, fraud or criminal neglect of duty. The negative therefor, which was involved in the plaintiff’s request, could not presumed but required to be proved by the party alleging it.

Applying the principles above enunciated to the case at bar, the presumption is that these trustees had done their duty, and had kept the book required by law, and it being in existence it was supposed to be in the custody of the corporation and its officers could be compelled to produce it. If no such book was in existence it was the duty of the defendant to have shown the fact by competent common law proof, according to the principles which were claimed upon the reference by their counsel and which position was conceded by the referee.

We think, as far as this motion to punish for contempt is concerned,- the counsel for the defendants has entirely mistaken the presumption arising from the position of the defendants, and that if he desired to excuse the failure to produce these books, either because of their non-existence or that they were not under the control of the defendants, it was necessary for him to establish those facts before the referee by evidence upon his part. He having failed to do so, the defendants stood before the court without any justification for the violation of the orders which have been made against them.

The allowance of the $100 counsel fee to the plaintiff’s attorney, by way of indemnity, cannot be sustained. While the court has the power to impose as a fine an indemnity for legal expenses incurred, in addition to those pi’operly taxable, the amount of such indemnity must be ascertained by evidence to which is to be applied the same rules of law as upon the trial of an action brought for the injury. The amount of such indemnity is in no sense in the discretion of the court, but the judgment of the court must be founded upon legal proof. Sudlow v. Knox, 7 Abb. N. S., 420.

There was no such proof offered as to this $100 allowed for counsel fee, and consequently the order appealed from was erroneous and must be reversed, and the proceedings remitted to the special term for further procedure, but without costs.

Brady and Bartlett, JJ., concur.  