
    The People of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Jacob Biglizen, Appellant.
    First Department,
    April 6, 1906.
    Rape — pharge — corroboration of complainant.
    It is not reversible error for the court to fail to instruct the jury that in an action for rape they cannot convict on the testimony of the complaining witness unless corroborated, when, in fact, her testimony is corroborated and no request for such instruction has been made..
    The evidence upon the trial of an indictment for rape upon a girl nine years old, considered, and the conviction affirmed.
    Ingbaham, J., dissented, with memorandum.
    Appeal by the defendant, Jacob Biglizen* from a judgment of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace in and for the city and county of New York, rendered on the 25th day-of October, 1904, convicting the defendant of the crime of rape in the first degree, and also from two orders respectively denying the defendant’s motions for a new trial and in arrest of judgment.
    
      Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler [Lorlys Elton Rogers with him on the brief], for the appellant.
    
      E. Crosby Kindleberger, for the respondent.
   Laughlin, J.:

The indictment charges that the crime was committed on the 21st day of July, 1904. The trial was had on the twenty-fourth day of October thereafter. The complaining witness, Jennie Herzog, was only nine years of age. She lived with her parents and three brothers and three sisters on the upper floor of a tenement building, known as Nos. 57 and 59 Pitt'street, in the city of New York. Two of the brothers were aged sixteen and fourteen or twelve years respectively, and the other brother and all the sisters were younger than Jennie. • The defendant was born in Russia, had been in this country thirteen or fourteen year’s, spoke English, was twenty-eight years of age, had boarded with the Herzogs the year before- six months, and at this time four months, and was employed as a furrier, earning from eight to ten dollars per week “ sometimes * * * in the season.” On the night of the twentieth of July Mrs. Herzog and some of her .children slept on pillows and blankets on the roof. The defendant also slept on the roof, within ten feet, of them. The father slept below in the apartment. About four o’clock iri the morning the mother arose and went below. Next to Jennie on one side slept her brother of six .years, and on the other her- sister of four years. On the preliminary examination of the court, Jennie said that she attended the Jewish church every Sunday, attended, public' school every day, was in the fourth class and able to read books. She was then permitted to be sworn, and testified that she awoke about five o’clock in the morning, after her mother had gone below, and found that the defendant had come' oyer and got under the cover that was over her and was having intercourse with her, and it was then light; that defendant hurt her “ very much’’ and she,criad “ very loud;:” that defendant "put the bed cover in her mouth and held his left. hand over. her mouth and held her little brother with his > right and told him not to tell his mother and had given him money:; /that she did not. “ have a chance to cry out loud” until defendant, left her and went downstairs and then she cried out real loud and woke up her eldest brother and sent her youngest brother down to tell her mother; that, her mother came up and saw blood on her clothes’ — the clothes,' a petticoat and night dress, were introduced in evidence—mnd her father came up and took her downstairs ■ and' into defendant’s room and asked what he had done to her, and defendant said “he should pay money,” and that defendant was held and her brother was sent to call a policeman. ' Her youngest brother was not accepted by the court ás a witness.. Her father\ testified that he and his eldest son slept down ..stairs; that in the morning as he was about to go to his work, after his wife went Upstairs “ to see what the children were doing,” she spoke or called ' him, and he ran upstairs, lifted Jennie’s clothes and saw “blood, blood; all over blood,” and he took her down and, pushing in the door of defendant’s room and grabbing him by the throat, asked, “ What did you do to iny daughter Jennie?” to which defendant replied, “ Keep quiet, keep silent. I pay you for that; ” and that then i lie sent for a policeman and had -defendant arrested. On' cross-examination the father testified that when he first confronted defendant and asked, “ How could you do these tilings to my child ? ” the defendant replied, “ Well, I did it, but keep quiet. I’ll pay for it.” Jennie’s mother testified that she left the roof about four o’clock and returned about five, and saw blood stains on Jennie’s clothes and summoned her husband. She further testified that defendant left the roof about two or two-tliirty and was in his room when she went down ; but this may be accounted for on the theory that' he came in about two or two-thirty, and, seeing him about, she thought he was getting up. She also testified to the interview between her husband and the defendant under circumstances practically the same as those narrated by her husband; but her version of the conversation is that the greeting to defendant was, “ You murderer, you have ruined my daughter,” and that his answer was, “ Sh. I did it. I will pay yon for it.”

It is undisputed that a policeman was summoned by the eldest boy and that oh the arrival of the officer Jennie’s father charged defendant in the presence of the officer with haying assaulted and ruined his child, and that on being placed under arrest and charged by the officer with the crime of assaulting' the child, defendant denied it. After the arrest of the defendant and some time on the same day — the hour does not appear — Jennie was taken to the office of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and examined by Dr. Brown. He was called by the prosecution and testified from memory as to what he found, although he admitted having made a memorandum concerning the examination, and that during six or seven years he had examined, the private parts of over five hundred children for the society. He said that the parts had been lacerated by the penetration of a blunt instrument which ruptured the hymen, and that the conditions he found indicated that the penetration had .occurred about two weeks before, causing acute inflammation; and yet he testified that “ the mucous membrane of the internal genitals was rubbed off and bleeding.” His testimony was not consistent. The jury were not obliged to believe that bleeding would continue two weeks. Other evidence in the case relating to the weather and lack of cleanliness tends to account for the conditions narrated by the physician as having been found by him and on which he expressed the opinion that the penetration took place two weeks before, assuming his testimony in that regard to be accurate. The jury, however, might have found that he was mistaken in some of his facts or that his opinion was not well founded. ,

The defendant testified that he carné in that night at two o’clock and took pillows, a sheet and a quilt and slept on the roof until five, when he aróse and went to his room and lay down again and fell asleep; that he was awakened by people running aqd halloing, and went to the door to see what was the matter just as “ they opened the door on me; ” that Jennie’s father said, “ What did you done to my girl i v to which hfe replied, “ I didn’t done nothing of the kind; ” .and then .he testified that the father said nothing to him, but the ' mother asked, “ What did you done to my child ?’’ and that he made answer, “ I didn’t done nothing,” but that he did not know what she meant and had to say something. He testified on his direct , examination that a week, or ten days before he was arrested He rsaw Jennie’s brother, twelve years old, having'intercourse with her twice, and admitted on cross-examination that he knew it was not right, but that he neither remonstrated with the children nor informed their parents; that he considered it none of his business and never spoke of- it even to his lawyer or anybody until upon the. witness stand, and then' says the reason lie did not tell it when charged by the parents and when before the Police Court was that he forgot it.

Three witnesses testified that defendant’s reputation-for “peace and quiet and orderliness ” was good.

The court, in instructing the jury, spoke of the blood found on the child as being fresh, and counsel for defendant excepted.. The court thereupon assured the jury that any expression Of opinion by the court upon the facts was inadvertent and should be disregarded ,and that they were the exclusive judges of the facts. No other exception to the charge was taken. - ,

If the jury believed the testimony of Jennie, the defendant committed the crime of which he lias, been found' guilty. It. is claimed that her testimony is utterly improbable, Stress is. laid on the fact that it was light or just getting light; that she says she made an outcry, and that there were many -others on the roof, none of whom were called as witnesses. The defendant says-, that he was sleeping only ten feet distant.' She says that he got under the cover over her. Such a change of position might not be noticed at that hour, even if there were others on the roof, for they would likely be asleep. However, they would regard him as a member of the Herzog family and would not be apt to pay attention to his movements. Jennie’s testimony is susceptible of the construction that she did not and could not cry out until after the defendant went away. Furthermore, the jury were justified in finding that there was no one on the roof at the time with the exception of her brothers and sisters, all younger than herself. Jennie testified that there were fourteen people sleeping on the roof, consisting of her three brothers and two of her sisters, herself, defendant, another woman from the same floor and her three small children, and a woman and her little girl and husband from the fourth floor.Earlier in her testimony she said she went up on the roof to sleep 'with her mother, eldest brother and two sisters. Her father places the eldest brother with him in the apartment. The defendant, after saying that he could not tell how many people were “ laying on the roof” when he left, “about twenty,” testified as follows: “ there was nobody else on that ■ roof besides the Herzog children and Mrs. Herzog; only me and Mrs. Herzog and the children.” This being the testimony of the defendant, and the last given on the point, he cannot complain if the jury accepted it.

The learned counsel for the appellant urges a reversal on account of the omission of the court to instruct the jury that they could not convict on the testimony of the complaining witness unless corroborated. The defendant was represented by counsel, and no suggestion was made that the jury might disbelieve the corroborating witnesses and at the same time believe the complaining witness, which is the only thing on which there was necessity for such instructions. The statute does not require the court to instruct the jury on this point; it merely declares, as a rule of law, that “no conviction can ' be had for * * * rape * * * upon the testimony of the female * * * unsupported by other evidence.” (Penal Code, § 283.) While it would be well for the court in all such cases to :£ully instruct the -jury on this point, yet failure to do so should not be considered reversible error when no request for such instruction is presented and it is not clear that such failure was prejudicial. It is scarcely conceivable that the jury would have convicted the defendant on the little gild’s testimony if they disbelieved the corroborating testimony of her parents. Any reasonable man of average intelligence- wofildj I think, accept the testimony of the girl and her parents, or reject it all. The corroboration was complete. The parents saw the evidences of the recent assahlt by some one; the child accused the defendant; he was there and had the opportunity, and when confronted he admitted it.

- Such a crime committed on a child is unnatural and most revolting under any-circumstances. One hesitates'to believe that an industrious young man, while apparently sober, could be guilty of such a horrible crime. But when we recall the testimony of this defendant, that- he'-discovered improper relations between this little girl and her older brother a week or ten days before "and watched with morbid curiosity to see them repeat "it, and failed' to inform the parents, with'whom he was living and had'dived for nearly a year and was on terms of friendship ■—■ it is not so difficult to believe that he would himself endeavor to have intercourse with thé little girl. This is a base depending on the credibility of. witnesses.and where ■the truth was to be detected, more'from the appearances of the .witnesses and their manner of testifying than' from the words they tittered. It was,' therefore, peculiarly within the province of the jury, and their .verdict should not be disturbed,-

It follows that the conviction should be affirmed.

O’Brien, P. J., Patterson and Clarke, JJ., concurred; Ingraham, J., dissented.

Ingraham, J. (dissenting).:

In view of - the testimony of the. physician called for the prosecution, together with the unsatisfactory character of the testimony of the principal witness-for the prosecution, and the fact that her testimony was uncorroborated, I do not think this judgment should be allowed to stand. - The jury were not instructed that the testimony of the child must'be corroborated before they were justified in con-. victing the defendant, and while there: seems to have been no request for such instruction, in view of the character of this evidence, .taken in connection with the failure of the court to instruct the jury as to the necessity of such corroboration, .justice requires that thére.should be a new trial.

I, therefore, dissent.

Judgment affirmed. Order filed.  