
    W. T. Burrell et al. v. Elmyra Anderson et al.
    Guardian Ad Litem — Answer to Bill — Service.
    In a suit by an administrator of an estate, against all the heirs, it is proper for the court to appoint a guardian ad litem for such of the heirs as are minors, and direct that the guardian ad litem answer the bill, without other service.
    
    Publication — Notice — Nonresident.
    The publication for a nonresident defendant is not void, where the particular place within a county where the Chancery Court to which he is cited to appear is not named in said publieation.
    
    Writs of Assistance.
    A purchaser of land under a decree of the Chancery Court is entitled to a wVit of assistance from the chancellor of said court, commanding the sheriff of the county to dispossess a holder who refuses to vacate the premises.
    
    
      Tbis action was begun in the Chancery Court of Panola county by the administrator of the estate of IT. B. Burrell, deceased, against the heirs, a widow and ten children, to condemn the sale of certain real estate described in the petition, belonging to the estate. There were debts outstanding against deceased amounting to $303.87, which had been duly proved and filed with the administrator. It was alleged that there was no personal property belonging to said estate, above tbe exemptions. The real estate comprised 160 acres and upon the west half of same was located the homestead and other improvements. Citation was duly made against all the heirs, who appeared not, and a pro confesso was taken against them. But it appearing that two of said heirs were minors, a guardian ad litem was appointed to defend their interest, who answered the petition, praying for just and proper action of the chancellor. Petitioner asked that so much of the land as was necessary be decreed to be sold to pay the debts enumerated, and on the hearing thereof, eighty acres off of the east side of the quarter section of 160 acres were decreed to be advertised and sold, under due process. At the sale thereof, one Anderson purchased same for the sum of $400, but prior to the delivery of the deed to the purchaser a bill was filed by W. T. Burrell, one of the heirs, asking for a “ stay of execution,” alleging that the citation made for the nonresident heir was void. Said citation reads as follows: To O. B. Burrell: You are commanded to appear before the Chancery Court of Panola county, in said State, on the second Monday of May, 1883, to plead; answer, or demur to the petition of B. O. Balch, as administrator of the estate of IT. P. Burrell, deceased, for sale of land wherein you are defendant.” This motion was overruled by the chancellor. Anderson filed a writ of assistance, alleging that demand for possession of the land had been made upon W. T. Burrell and refused, and asking that the sheriff be commanded to dispossess the said W. T. Burrell, which petition was granted. A supersedeas bond was duly filed and defendants appeal.
    Appealed from Chancery Court, Panola county, First District, J. G. Hall, Chancellor.
    Affirmed,
    January 19, 1885.
    
      Attorney for appellant, W. D. Miller.
    
    
      Attorney for appellee, J. B. Boothe.
    
    Brief of W. D. Miller:
    * * * I respectfully submit that the sale and proceedings were all void, and the exceptions to the report of sale should have been sustained.
    First. Because there was no service of process on the defendants. The officer’s return is “ executed by personal service and by handing a true copy of the within writ to the defendant,” when there were eleven defendants, and it is impossible to tell from the return which one the officer meant; he evidently served it upon one only; if upon all, he should have said defendants; but the very language of the return shows that it was served but upon one, because, he says, “ a true copy ” to the “ defendant;” if he had served upon all, he would have said true copies, or a true copy to each defendant, so that it was not a mistake merely of the officer in writing the return, and even if this was so, it cannot be presumed in so important a matter as that which gives jurisdiction over the parties. 59 Cal. 342; 29 Tex. 273.
    Neither does the return show that process was served upon the guardian of the minors, and if it be a fact that there was no guardian, the return should so state. Erwin v. Carson, 54 Miss. 282.
    And further as to service of process on infants, see 42 Miss. 155, 255; 43 Miss. 129, 254; 1 Heisk. 734.
    Again, the publication of notice to the nonresident defendant does not show when, where, or to what court he is commanded to appear, but simply commands him to appear before the Chancery-Court of Panola county on second Monday of May, 1883. The county of Panola has two court districts in each of which courts are held having exclusive jurisdiction, and practically the two districts are the same as two counties, Batesville the county site of one, and Sardis the other, as separate and distinct in all matters pertaining to litigation and the holdings of courts, venue, etc., as two counties. See Acts 1878, page 147, creating the two court districts. Ereeman on Judgments, § 126; 24 Iowa, 163.
    The sale was made of the east half of the quarter section, when the petition shows that there was a homestead and dower interest, and thus the court virtually makes a partition of the land in a proceeding not instituted for that purpose and of which the parties had no notice. The homestead should first have been set apart, before the sale, or the whole tract sold subject to the homestead and dower as prayed in the petition filed by the administrator. It was error to order the sale of any distinct portion of the land until the homestead and dower was set apart, and it would have bee?i error, even in a proper proceeding, to make partition without the appointment of commissioners for that purpose. * * *
    Brief of J. B. Boothe:
    The exceptions to the report of sale of the administrator in this case were properly overruled.
    
      First. Because process was properly issued and executed, as to the resident defendants, and publication properly made as to tbe nonresident defendant. All of the resident defendants were named in tbe writ, and tbe officer's return is “ executed by personal service and by banding a true copy of tbe within writ to tbe defendant.” Surely tbe clerical omission of tbe letter “ s ” to tbe word defendant will not vitiate tbe return. If tbe sheriff bad served tbe process on one of the defendants only, in order to have made his return complete, he should have named that defendant, and stated further in bis return some reason for not executing process upon tbe other defendants. Tbe presumption that tbe sheriff did bis duty in tbe premises being in bis favor, it follows, without proof to tbe contrary, from tbe language of tbe return itself, that all of tbe resident defendants were duly served with process. As a matter of fact, tbe officer in filling out a printed form of return in which tbe word “ defendant ” was printed, omitted to add the letter “ s ” to tbe printed word.
    Tbe record shows that Clara Burrell, as tbe mother of tbe minor defendants, was made a party defendant, and shows that she was embraced in tbe writ as one of tbe persons tbe officer was required to summon. If she was summoned, as maintained by appellees, there was no need for tbe sheriff to state in bis return that there was no guardian. It is sufficient if tbe record shows service of process on tbe father, mother, or guardian; and in this case-id shows service of process on the mother and that the father is dead. Ervin v. Carson, 54 Miss. 282; Mcllvray v. Alsop, 45 Miss. 366; Harrington v. Wofford, 46 Miss. 31; Smith v. Pattison, 45 Miss. 619.
    It is not necessary that tbe notice to a nonresident defendant should show anything more than tbe notice given in this case. That, so far as tbe time, place, and court are concerned is an exact copy of the notice prescribed by section 1855, Code of 1880. The notice commands tbe defendant “ to appear before tbe Chancery Court of Panola county on tbe second Monday of May, 1883.” Tbe law fixes tbe time and place of tbe meeting of tbe court on that day, and on examination of the notice prescribed by tbe Code of 1880, section 1855, it is clear that tbe law contemplates that parties must at their peril take notice of tbe time and place fixed by it. * * *
    As tbe homestead was definitely fixed in tbe petition by the legal subdivision of eighty acres, the largest amount exempt in this case, it would have been detrimental to the interest of the estate to tax it with the expense of setting aside the homestead by the appointment of commissioners.
    Sections 2039, 2040, leave it for the Chancery Court to determine what portion of the land of a deceased person may be sold for the payment of debts, without the appointment of commissioners, but the homestead being exempt property cannot be so disposed of where there are children and a widow surviving, and the homestead, as a matter of fact, was not sold. * * *
    Again, the chancellor did not err in granting a writ of assistance. In the case of Griswold v. Simmons, 50 Miss. 123, the right to the writ of assistance is fully recognized; and in this case it appears it was obtained in due conformity to law, and it was eminently a proper case for the grant of the writ. See also Jones v. Hooper, 50 Miss. 510.
    Upon a review of the whole case, I insist that the proceedings and sale ought to stand. The identical land for which sale was prayed was sold after due notice, and all other intermediate steps required by law; the purchase money was paid and deed executed to the purchaser, and writ of assistance awarded. There being no error in the decree of sale, no error in overruling exceptions filed, no error in confirming sale, and none in granting writ of assistance, the sale ought to stand as made, and the purchaser put in possession.
    
      
      An infant can only appear by guardian. He cannot appear by attorney. Lee v. Jenkins, 30 Miss. 592.
      A guardian ad litem can be appointed only after an infant has been served with process. Piewett v. Land, 36 Miss. 495; Stanton v. Pollard, 2 Cush. 154;. Price v. Crone, 44 Miss. 571; McAllister v. Moye, 30 Miss. 258; Ingersoll vIngersoll, 42 Miss. 155; Johnson v. McCabe, 42 Miss. 255.
      The answer of the guardian ad litem must not be his personal answer, but the answer of the infant, and no decree can be made on any admission contained in the answer, but the case against the infant must be made on proof aliunde. Ingersoll v. Ingersoll, 42 Miss. 155; Johnson v. McCabe, 42 Miss. 255; Wells v. Smith, 44 Miss. 296:
      Nor has the guardian ad litem power to submit the infant’s rights to arbitration. Port v. Battle, 13 S. & M. 133.
      
        A decree to sell land of infant without appointment of guardian ad litem is void. McAllister v. Moye, 30 Miss. 258.
      It is only when the infant has no legal guardian, or the guardian being legally summoned has failed to appear, or is interested adversely to the infant, that a guardian ad litem may be appointed. Winston v. McLendon, 43 Miss. 254; Wells v. Smith, 44 Miss. 296.
      After due service on an infant, and appointment of a guardian ad litem, the latter may consent to a hearing at any time. Pollock v. Buie, 43 Miss. 140.
      All who have a beneficial interest in lands, the subject-matter of a suit in equity, are necessary parties. Mcllvoy v. Alsop, 45 Miss. 365; Barry v. Barry, 64 Miss. 709, 3 So. 532; Harding v. Cobb, 47 Miss. 599; Harlow Mister, 64 Miss. 25, 8 So. 164.
      The failure to appoint a guardian ad litem for an infant in a chancery suit for the sale of his land is not such an error as renders the decree absolutely void. Therefore, it cannot be collaterally attacked. McLemore v. -Eailroad Co., 58 Miss. 514; Cocks v. Simmons, 57 Miss. 183.
      ■ Since the Code of 1880, the court is not required to appoint a guardian ad litem, but may do so. Code 1892, § 553.
      There is a distinction between tho practice in chancery and probate matters as administered in the Chancery Court, as to the manner of serving process on 'minor defendants. In the former, the infant must be personally served, and also the father or mother, etc.; while under the probate practice, it is geu•erally sufficient to serve the guardian. So held prior to the Code of 1880. Saxon v. Ames, 47 Miss. 505; Burrus v. Burrus, 56 Miss. 92.
      Under the Code of 1857, where summons is for minors, and also for their mother, as a defendant, and the return shows execution by delivering a true 'copy to each of the defendants named in it, this sufficiently shows service as to the minors. It is not necessary that a copy shall be handed the mother for the children, in addition to that delivered to her on her own account. Mcllvoy v. Alsop, 45 Miss. 365.
      In proceedings in the probate court affecting tho rights of an infant, it is necessary, under the Code of 1857, that his guardian shall be summoned, if ■ he has one, and if the guardian is adversely interested or fails to appear, then that a guardian ad litem shall be appointed for him. It not being required that the infant shall be cited, his being summoned is not a prerequisite to the power to appoint a guardian ad litem. (McAllister v. Moye, 30 Miss. 258, overruled; Miller v. Palmer, 55 Miss. 323, explained.) Burrus v. Burrus, 56 Miss. 92.
    
    
      
      Although the guardian ad Utem of minor parties to a suit has filed for them a mere formal answer, it is his duty to object to incompetent testimony that affects adversely their interest. But, regardless of the failure of the guardian ad litem to object, the Chancery Court should, of its own motion, reject such testimony. Neblett v. Neblett, 70 Miss. 572, 12 So. 598.
      It is the duty of the court to ascertain that summons has been duly executed on an infant before appointing a guardian ad litem. Hence, although the only summons for a minor, shown by the record, appears not to have been served on him, a chancery decree for the sale of the minor’s land, based thereon, cannot, for this reason, be attacked collaterally if the order appointing a guardian ad Utem recites that summons was duly executed on such minor. Cocks v. Simmons, 57 Miss. 183.
      Recital in decree of Probate Court held not sufficient to show citation for minor. Kennedy ¶. Gaines, 51 Miss. 625.
      In an application by a guardian to sell land of minor wards, under article 153, p. 464, Code of 1857, it is not necessary to state whether they had near relatives in this State; nor is it necessary that parents, when served with .process on account of their minor children, be shown to be such, either in the process or in the return. Harrington v. Wofford, 46 Miss. 31.
      Both by the rules of Chancery Court, and the general principles of equity jurisprudence, a guardian ad Utem cannot be appointed for an infant defendant until the court has acquired jurisdiction over the infant by personal service of process, if he be within the State, or by publication, if he be a nonresident; and an appointment made without such service or publication will be erroneous, and a decree rendered against the infant will be reversed. Stanton v. Pollard, 2 Cush. 154; Prewett v. Land, 36 Miss. 495.
    
    
      
      Under section 1267, Code 1871, empowering the clerk of the Chancery Court to issue any final process necessary to execute decrees, on a decree for the sale of land it is proper to direct that a writ of assistance shall issue, if necessary, to put the purchaser in possession. The writ issues upon proof of service of the decree on defendant, demand of possession, and refusal to surrender. Griswold v. Simmons, 60 Miss. 123.
      The object of the writ of assistance is to put one who has purchased land at a judicial sale into possession. It applies to any sale whereby the title passes to the purchaser, and where the person in possession was a party to the suit, or came into possession pendente lite. The court will give full redress by placing the purchaser in possession. Jones v. Hooper, 50 Miss. 510; Gibson v. Marshall, 64 Miss. 72, 8 So. 205.
    
   Opinion.

Per Curiam:

It sufficiently appears by the record that the court obtained jurisdiction over the infant defendants.

The order appointing the guardian ad litem recited that it was made to appear to the court that the infants had no guardian, The proceedings were instituted by the administrator of the father and the petition states that the decedent left a widow and ten children surviving him. The reasonable inference is that this widow was the mother of the infants, or that their mother was dead.

The publication for the nonresident defendant was sufficient. The law fixed the place at which the Chancery Court of Panola •county should be held at the time named in the notice.

On the facts shown there was no error in the action of the chancellor in dealing with tbe land as if the east half thereof constituted the homestead, and in selling the other half for the payment of debts.

The writ of assistance was properly granted. Griswold v. Simmons, 50 Miss. 123; Jones v. Harper, 50 Miss. 500.  