
    WAIT v. CITY OF STURGIS.
    1. Municipal Corporations—Redevelopment of Downtown Area— Special Assessment—Notice.
    Special assessment of property for redevelopment of downtown business area of defendant city held, not invalid, where there was substantial compliance with mandates of the city charter and parties challenging the proceedings had received actual notice of pendency of the proceedings (PA 1962, No 162, § 5; Sturgis Charter, chap 19, §§ 1-10).
    2. Same—Redevelopment of Downtown Area—Special Assessment—City-Owned Property.
    Special assessment of property for redevelopment of downtown business area in defendant city held, not to have been shown invalid for failure of city to make an estimated assessment on city-owned property, where city assumed $59,000 of estimated cost of $344,000 of the project (Sturgis Charter, ehap 19, §§1-10).
    3. Same—Redevelopment of Downtown Area—Special Assessment—Presumption of Validity.
    The presumption of validity attaches to the action of a city commission with respect to what property should be included in 'establishing a special assessment district for redevelopment of a downtown business area (PA 1962, No 162, § 5; Sturgis Charter, chap 19, §§ 1-10).
    References for Points in IIeadnotes
    [1-3] 38 Am Jur, Municipal Corporations §§ 381, 385, 389.
    
       5 Am Jur 2d, Appeal and Error § 822.
    
       38 Am Jur, Municipal Corporations §§ 385, 389.
    
       20 Am Jur, Evidence §§ 403, 405.
    
       5 Am Jur 2d, Appeal and Error § 1009.
    
      4. Appeal and Error—Chancery Cases—Findings oe Trial Court —Record.
    The Court of Appeals will not ordinarily disturb the findings of the trial judge in an equity case unless, after an examination of the entire record, it reaches the conclusion that it would have arrived at a different result had it been in the position of the trial court.
    5. Municipal Corporations—Redevelopment op Downtown Area— Finding.
    Finding of trial judge in action to invalidate special assessment for redevelopment of downtown business area that city commission had not abused its discretion in establishing the limits of the district is not disturbed on review by Court of Appeals (PA 1962, No 162, § 5; Sturgis Charter, chap 19, §§ 1-10).
    6. Evidence—Interrogatories.
    Interrogatories and answers thereto of city clerk were property excluded as evidence, not used for eross-examination but to show what was in them, where the clerk was a witness in court and did testify.
    7. Costs—Public Question—Special Assessment District.
    No costs are allowed in action to enjoin proceeding with a special assessment district for redevelopment of downtown business area and to declare rights relative to validity of the district, a public question being involved.
    Appeal from St. Joseph; Andrews (Mark S.), J.
    Submitted Division 3 November 4, 1965, at Grand Rapids.
    (Docket Nos. 594, 595.)
    Decided April 12, 1966.
    Leave to appeal denied by Supreme Court June 21, 1966.
    See 378 Mich 720.
    Complaint by J. Paul Wait and Eathel Cole Wait against the City of Sturgis, a municipal corporation, to enjoin proceeding with a special assessment district and to declare rights relative to the validity "of the special assessment district. Similar action by the Sturgis Foreign Veterans Club, a nonprofit "corporation. Judgment for defendant. Plaintiffs appeal.
    Affirmed.
    
      
      J. Paul Wait, in propria persona.
    
    
      Roy PL. Eagerman, for plaintiff Sturgis Foreign Veterans Club.
    
      Dresser & Dresser (Raymond E. Dresser, Jr., of counsel) and Dichinson, Wright, McKean & Cudlip (Charles R. Moon and George E. McKean, of counsel), for defendant.
   Burns, J.

These actions are brought to challenge the validity of proceedings taken by the city of Sturgis determining a public improvement and levying special assessments to defray part of the cost thereof.

The Sturgis city commission, acting under authority of PA 1961, No 120, § 1 (CLS 1961, § 125.981 [Stat Ann 1965 Cum Supp § 5.3533(1)]) on May 8, 1963, adopted a resolution regarding the redevelopment of the downtown business area. Due to the development of the outlying shopping areas many store buildings in the downtown area were vacant, and in the resolution it was stated that the city of Sturgis desired to improve the principal downtown shopping area and that it was necessary for off-street parking lots to be developed. The complex consisted of 7 parking lots, to be known as the “Sturgis Center Parking System.” It was determined that the parking system was a necessary public improvement which benefited the city as a whole, and conferred a special benefit to property included within the “Sturgis Center Improvement Project.” The resolution further provided that the improvement should be financed by a special assessment district, and that the city would contribute $59,000 toward- the cost thereof, by reason of city-owned land being included within the “Sturgis Center Parking System,” and the entire city would be benefited. Tbe resolution was unanimously adopted:

Under date of May 20, 1963, tbe city engineer prepared estimates of expense in the amount of $343,763. Tbe city assessor prepared a memorandum indicating that tbe assessment would affect four parcels of public property: tbe library, city offices, fire station, and land referred to as tbe Spence property, for a total of $17,500.

At a regular meeting of the city commission on May 22, 1963, the general plans of tbe work, the. estimate of tbe cost, together with tbe plan of the' area to be improved, were adopted by resolution.' In this resolution tbe proposed parking complex was referred to as “Sturgis Improvement Center Project” consisting of tbe establishment and operation of automobile parking facilities to be known as “Sturgis Center Parking System” and contained a determination to make tbe proposed improvement at tbe estimated cost of $344,000; $59,000 of which would be paid from city funds, and tbe balance financed from special assessments against tbe property benefited, and described tbe special assessment district by metes and bounds. Tbe resolution also fixed a date to bear objections.

A notice was prepared, reciting among other things that the city commission would bear objections on June 12, 1963, to tbe proposed public improvement known as “Sturgis Improvement Center Project” for tbe establishment of a “Sturgis Center Parking System” which stated that “a copy of tbe area to be included in tbe Sturgis Improvement Center Project is available for public inspection in tbe city office.” This notice was mailed to tbe owners of tbe property in tbe special assessment district, including plaintiffs herein. On May 28, 1963, and June 3, 1963, two notices were published in tbe Sturgis Daily Journal, both entitled “Notice of Objection Meeting.” Reference was therein made to the “Sturgis Improvement Center Project” and “Sturgis Center Parking System.” The notice stated the estimated cost to be $285,000, that a copy of the plat and diagrams of the work and area to be improved was available for public inspection in the city office. The area was further described by metes and bounds.

At the city commission meeting of June 12, 1963, objections were heard to the proposed “Sturgis Center Improvement Project” to be known as the “Sturgis Center Parking System.” An attorney representing a group of objectors, including the Waits, filed two petitions on their behalf.

Thereafter, the commission, with one commissioner abstaining, adopted a resolution ratifying and confirming the resolution of May 22d. The resolution directed the assessor to prepare a special assessment roll and assess the land in the district according to benefits. The resolution described the district as it was described in the resolution of May 22d, and directed that the special assessments were to be divided into 10 annual installments.

However, at a meeting on July 10, 1963, the city commission resolved to meet’ on July 24, 1963, to hear further objections to the “Sturgis Improvement Center Project” and directed that notice thereof be published in the Sturgis Daily Journal once a week for 2 consecutive weeks. This resolution was unanimously adopted.

Two notices, one entitled “Notice of Special Assessment” and one entitled “Notice of Objection Meeting” were published in the Sturgis Daily Journal on July 15th and 22d. The notices, as published, contained the names of the owners of land within the assessment district, except the owners of land to be acquired; described the “Sturgis Center Improvement Project”; stated the assessment roll was on file in the office of the city clerk for inspection; that hearing would be held on July 24th; and the estimated cost of the project. Notices were mailed to all property owners listed on the special assessment roll.

At the July 24th meeting, 2 petitions were received objecting to the proposed project. The mayor stated that he had been served with process in an action brought against the city by the Waits. Minutes of the meeting disclose that the mayor announced the hearing on objections to the special assessments would not be heard at that time, but objections to the proposed project would be heard. Objections were then heard, including those of the Waits.

The commission by resolution, with one member abstaining, ratified and confirmed the action taken on June 12th. The commission resolved it would again meet on August 14th to review and hear objections to the special assessment for the proposed project. Again, notices of special assessment were published on July 30, 1963, and August 6, 1963, and an abbreviated form thereof was mailed to the owners of property listed on the assessment roll.

At the meeting of August 14,1963, the commission, after hearing objections to the special assessment by the Waits and others, confirmed the assessment roll with one member abstaining. The city clerk was directed to indorse the assessment roll, and the mayor to attach his warrant. The commission authorized the employment of counsel for the project and ratified all action taken concerning the project. In late August the commission directed the issuance of bonds in the sum of $255,000 to finance the project.

The city assessor computed the assessments upon all privately-owned property within the assessment district, except for 2 parcels occupied as private dwellings, and land which was to be acquired for additional parking.

The Sturgis chapter of the Veterans of Foreign Wars occupies, as tenant, real estate located within the assessment district, owned by plaintiff, Sturgis Foreign Veterans Club of Sturgis, Michigan, a nonprofit corporation. The real estate is exempt from general taxation and appeared on the tax roll sub nom Sturgis Veterans of Foreign Wars. Notices of the proposed improvement were mailed to Veterans of Foreign Wars, and this name appears in the published notices. The commander of the VFW post, who was also president of the corporate owner of the property, signed the petition protesting the improvement. It is evident from the testimony that because the property was exempt from general taxation the commander of the VFW post ignored the notices and was unaware the property was to be assessed for the proposed improvement until so informed by an officer of the post.

From a dismissal of the cause of action, plaintiffs appeal.

The appellants allege that compliance with provisions of sections 1-10 of chapter 19 of the charter for the city of Sturgis relative to special assessments is mandatory and jurisdictional; that the city’s failure to comply-with the provisions void the proceedings.

The appellants do not say that they did not receive notice, nor that they did not have knowledge -of the proceedings. They did have notice and ap'peared in person and by attorneys at the objections hearings. In fact, this suit was instituted prior to «.the last objection hearing. They claim the proceed,ings are void because the city did not state in the printed notice of objections that the estimate of cost was on file at tbe city clerk’s office for inspection, although the printed notice did contain the estimate of cost and was, in fact, on file in the city clerk’s office.

PA 1962, No 162, § 5 (CL 1948, § 211.745 [Stat Ann § 5.3534(5)]) states in part:

“Any such special assessment hearing is also validated as to any owner or party in interest who has actually received notice of hearing, has waived such notice, or has paid any part of the special assessment.” (Emphasis supplied.)

The appellants in the present case did have actual notice, and there was substantial compliance with the mandates of the city charter.

Next, the appellants complain that the city assessor failed to assess city-owned property and privately-owned property, the title to which the city expected to acquire in the future for public parking, and the city commission failed to apportion the publicly-owned property situated within the special assessment district, according to the charter.

The city charter does not require the assessor to assess city-owned property. Section 8 of chapter 19 of said charter states:

“If there shall be included in any special assessment district, lots belonging to the city, school buildings, or other public buildings or public grounds not taxable, such part of the expense of such improvement as in the opinion of the commission or city assessor making the special assessment, would be justly apportionable to such public grounds, buildings and city property, and to any interior squares or places formed by intersection of streets, were they taxable, shall be paid from the general fund, or from the proper street district fund, or partly from each, as the commission shall determine to be just.”

However, the city assessor did make an estimated assessment on the city-owned property which was considered by the city commission in determining if the city was assuming its fair share of the special assessment by contributing $59,000, and in effect did apportion its share of the special assessment.

Plaintiffs assert the city commission did not act in good faith and abused its discretion in defining the perimeter of the special assessment district. The trial court ■ stated:

“ ‘Invariably when a special assessment district is created, * * * opinions may differ as to its proper extent and its inclusion, or noninclusion, of specific property therein. The creating of the district was within the legislative powers of the commission, and the presumption of validity attaches to the action taken.’ Crampton v. City of Royal Oak (1961), 362 Mich 502, p 514.
“The Court there found that the objectors had failed to show an abuse of discretion by the city of Royal Oak in creating the district and the court finds none by the Sturgis city commission.”

An appellate court gives great weight to the findings of the trial court and does not ordinarily disturb the findings of the trial judge unless, after an examination of the entire record, we reach the conclusion that we would have arrived at a different result had we been in the position of the trial judge. Christine Building Company v. City of Troy (1962), 367 Mich 508.

After a review of the entire record we agree with the conclusions of the trial judge.

Lastly, appellants assert the trial court erred by excluding from evidence interrogatories and answers.

The interrogatories and answers offered in evidence were interrogatories of the city clerk. The witness was in court and did testify. These interrogatories and answers were not used for cross-examination. When counsel was asked by the court the purpose of admission, counsel replied, “The purpose of showing what they show.” The trial court properly excluded said interrogatories and answers from evidence.

The Court has considered the other issues raised by the appellants, but does not consider that they are pertinent to the decision of this case.

Judgment of the lower court is affirmed. No costs, a public question being involved.

Holbrook, P. J., and J. H. Gtillis, J., concurred.  