
    TEXAS BANK & TRUST CO. v. AUSTIN, Banking Com’r.
    (No. 4357.)
    (Supreme Court of Texas.
    Feb. 3, 1926.)
    1. Statutes <&wkey;206 — Courts required to give some effect to every express declaration of legislative intent.
    In construction of statutes, courts are required to give some effect to every express declaration of legislative intent.
    2. Banks and banking <©=> 15 — State bank and trust company entitled to change system of guaranteeing deposits from guaranty to bond security system.
    Under Acts 31st Leg. (1909) 2d Called Seas. c. 15, § 15, as amended by Acts 39th Leg. (1925) c. 9, § 1, now Rev. St. 1925, art. 475, when construed in light of Rev. St. 1925, art. 10, subd. 6; Acts 36th Leg. (1919). c. 145, $ 1 (Vernon’s Ann. Civ. St. Supp. 1922, arts. 2417-2435); Complete Tex. St. 1920, art. 2423; Rev. St. 1925, art. 2529, state bank and' trust company held, entitled to change its system of guaranteeing deposits from guaranty to bond security system on tendering to banking commissioner a duly authorized application for such change and its bonds of the United States, approved by county judge of company’s domicile and by banking commissioner, in an amount equal to bank’s capital stock.
    Petition for mandamus by the Texas Bank & Trust Company against Chas. O. Austin, Commissioner of Banking.
    Writ issued.
    Hart, Patterson & Hart and Harris & Harris, all of Austin, for relator.
    Dan Moody, Atty. Gen., and Jno. W. Goodwin, Asst. Atty. Gen., for respondent.
   GREENWOOD, J.

The sole question presented by the pleadings in this suit for mandamus is whether a bank and trust company, incorporated ■under the laws of Texas, is entitled to change its system of doing business and its mode of guaranteeing deposits from the guaranty system to the bond security system, on tendering to the banMng commissioner a duly authorized application for such change and bonds of the United States, approved by the county judge of the county of the company’s domicile and by the banking commissioner, in an amount equal to the amount of its capital stock, when it is made to appear that such bonds belong to the company.

Our conclusion is that article 475 of the Revised Statutes of 1925 warrants the deposit with the commissioner of banking of United States bonds and of certain municipal and state bonds, by a state bank or trust company, to guarantee deposits, notwithstanding the bonds constitute a part of the assets of the bank or trust company. No other conclusion seems consistent with principles too long established to admit of serious question.

As the law stood before its amendment in Í925, a state bank or trust company was permitted to protect its depositors under the bond security system by filing -with the commissioner of insurance and banking, for and on behalf of depositors, “a bond, policy of insurance or other guaranty of indemnity” (Acts 31st Leg. [1909] 2d Galled Sess. c. 15, § 15) in an amount equal to the amount of its capital stock.

By amendment enacted in section 1 of chapter 9 of the Acts of the 39th Legislature, carried into the Revised Statutes as article 475, each state bank or trust company was granted the right to do business under the bond security system, at its election, on filing with the commissioner of banking, for and on behalf of lawful depositors, “a bond, policy of insurance, or bonds of the United States, or municipal or district bonds approved by the Attorney General's Department, or other guaranty of indemnity in an amount equal to the amount of its capital stock.”

Now it is perfectly obvious that the statute before it was amended granted to each bank or trust company every right granted by the amended statute, should the amendment be held to have the meaning contended for by respondent; for who would deny that United States bonds or district or municipal bonds, approved by the Attorney General’s Department, when pledged by owners other than the bank or trust company, to secure depositors, would constitute a “guaranty of indemnity” other than the bond, with sureties, of the bank or trust company, or an insurance policy? Thus it appears that to adopt the interpretation of the amendment suggested by respondent is to give absolutely no significance or effect to the addition in the amendment of the words “or bonds of the United States or municipal or district bonds approved by the Attorney General’s Department.” And yet no rule of statutory construction is more universally recognized than that which compels the courts to give some effect to every express declaration of legislative intent. The rule is clearly stated in M., K. & T. Ry. Co. of Texas v. Mahaffey, 105 Tex. 398, 150 S. W. 881, citing Justice Harlan’s opinion for the United States Supreme Court in Montclair v. Ramsdell, 107 U. S. 152, 2 S. Ct. 395, 27 L. Ed. 431, where it is said:

“It is the duty^ of the court to give effect, if possible, to every clause and word of a statute, avoiding, if it may be, any construction which implies that the Legislature was ignorant of the meaning of the language it employed.”

Indeed, we could not ignore the rule and not disobey the command of the statute to look diligently for some intention on the part of the Legislature in adopting an amendment to an existing law. Subdivision 6 of article 10 of the Revised Statutes of 1925.

This case would seem determinable by merely giving their ordinary signification to simple wordá. The language of the statute is that the bank or trust company may file certain bonds. The mere filing by the bank or trust company of bonds to which it did not have right ox title would be unavailing for the protection of the depositors, which is the ultimate aim of the law. The Legislature could not have intended to impose obligations on strangers to the bank or trust company nor charges on their property without using • any language referring in the remotest degree to such obligations or charges.

But when we look to similar language in a similar statute, in the light of its application for years by those charged with its administration, there seems no room for reasonable doubt of the intent of the lawmakers. By the Acts of 1919, chapter 145, § 1 (Vernon’s Ann. Oiv. St. Supp. 1922, arts. 2417-2435), the Legislature provided for protection to the state as a depositor of funds in the state and national banks of Texas. Protection was furnished by the deposit with the state treasurer of certain securities, including bonds of the United States and bonds of districts and municipalities of the state. Article 2423, Complete Texas Statutes; article 2529, Revised Statutes of 1925. Under this statute, millions of dollars in bonds of the United States, and in bonds of districts and municipalities of the state, belonging to state banks and trust companies, have been deposited; and no one has questioned the validity of such deposits.

Our conclusion is further sustained if we look to the origin and development of the public policy of depositing government bonds to secure favored bank creditors. It has long been the policy of the United States to secure favored creditors of national banks and of federal reserve banks, viz., the holders of their circulating notes, by a deposit of bonds of the United States. In all such cases, the deposited bonds are first acquired by the banks.

It has been the legislative policy of Texas since our present state banking system was inaugurated -to treat the general deposit- or as entitled to favored treatment. Such is the essential purpose of both the guaranty fund and the bond security systems. The expression last year of the state’s public policy, in the statute under consideration, was meant, we think, to add to the depositor’s security by clearly authorizing the pledge for his special benefit of securities owned by a state bank or trust company and universally regarded as of the highest type.

• The relator comes within the terms of the statute conferring upon it the right to use its United States bonds in changing its system of protecting its depositors from the guaranty fund system to the bond security, system. The mandamus will issue as prayed for by relator. 
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