
    The Mayor, Etc., of the City of New York, Resp’ts, v. Jeremiah W. Dimick, App’lt.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department,
    
    
      Filed June 19, 1888.)
    
    1. Pleadings—Complaint—Sufficiency of—A fact the existence of WHICH IS NECESSARILY IMPLIED FROM FACTS ALLEGED NEED NOT BE PLEADED.
    This action was brought by a municipal corporation to recover damages of the defendant. The complaint alleged that the defendant was the owner of certain premises within the plaintiff’s corporate limits, upon which he constructed and maintained a pipe which gathered water from the roof and spouted it out on the sidewalk, that this pipe was maintained by the defendant without due care and protection, and allowed to become and remain out of repair, and was a public nuisance; that water spouted therefrom upon the public highway in front of the premises for such a length of time that it became frozen in large and irregu ar masses by reason whereof a person therein named, without negligence on his part and solely in consequence of the accumulation of ice which rendered the highway dangerous, slipped, fell and broke his leg and sustained great bodily injuries; that thereafter he sued the plaintiffs herein to recover damages therefor; that the plaintiffs defended such action, but a verdict was rendered therein against them, and judgment was entered, which the plaintiffs subsequently paid, and that the defendant herein had paid nothing on account of the matters aforesaid, although the plaintiffs had demanded payment from him. Held, that the complaint stated facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. That the omission of an explicit statement that there was negligence on the part of the plaintiffs herein sufficient to enable the plaintiff in the former action to maintain it was immaterial,facts being set forth from which the existence of such negligence was necessarily implied.
    '3. Same.
    
      Held, that the plaintiff and defendant herein were not in pari delicto, the wrong doing on the part of the former being constructive, and that the plaintiff could recover of the defendant.
    Appeal from, interlocutory judgment overruling demurrer to the complaint.
    
      J. Hampden Dougherty, for app’lt; Thomas D. Wickes, for resp’ts.
   Bartlett, J.

The complaint in this action alleges that' the defendant was the owner of certain premises in the city of New York, upon which he constructed and maintained a pipe or leader which gathered water from the roof and spouted it upon the front sidewalk; that this pipe was maintained by the defendant without due care or proper protection, and was allowed to become and remain out of repair and was a public nuisance; that water spouted therefrom upon the public highway in front of the premises for such a length of time that it became frozen in large and irregular masses, by reason whereof one Richard Koerner, without any negligence on his part and solely in consequence of the accumulation of ice which rendered the highway dangerous, slipped, fell and broke his leg and sustained great bodily injuries; that thereafter the said Richard Koerner sued the plaintiffs herein “to recover from them the damages suffered by him as aforesaid, and caused by the dangerous condition of the sidewalk;” that these plaintiffs defended themselves in said action, but a verdict was rendered therein against them, and a judgment was entered for $2,766 damages and costs, which the plaintiffs subsequently paid; and that the defendant herein has paid nothing on account of the matters aforesaid although the plaintiffs have demanded payment from him.

The' defendant demurs to the complaint on the ground that it does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. He relies chiefly upon the point that the complaint is defective in omitting to allege or admit that there was any negligence on the part of the city sufficient to enable Koerner to maintain his action. To render a municipal corporation responsible for injuries resulting from the accumulation of ice or snow in the highway, it must appear that it has negligently suffered the obstruction to remain after actual or constructive notice of its existence. Taylor v. City of Yonkers, 105 N. Y., 202; 7 N. Y. State Rep., 332. There is no express allegation in the complaint that the city had any such notice of the existence of the obstruction in front of the defendant’s premises as would warrant the imputation of negligence in permitting it to be upon the highway.

To show that this defect is fatal, the appellant cites the case of Fahey v. Town of Harvard (62 I11., 28), where a person dug a pit in a street, into which another fell in the night-time and sustained injuries. When sued by the latter, the town settled the claim before judgment and without notice to the person by whom the pit was dug. The town then brought an action against the creator of the nuisance to recover the amount which it had paid to the injured person. On demurrer, the declaration in this suit was held to be bad, there being no allegation that the town had notice of the nuisance and no facts being alleged from which notice might have been inferred or implied. In the case at bar, however, certain facts are set out in the complaint which necessarily imply that the city had sufficient notice to make it legally hable. It is averred that the injured person brought an action against the mayor, aider-men and commonalty of the city of New York to recover from them the damages suffered by him and caused by the dangerous condition of the sidewalk, primarily due to the present defendant’s negligence, and that the suit was defended and such proceedings were had that a verdict was rendered against the city, which it paid.

Such a result could have been reached only upon truth which charged municipality with notice of the obstruction which caused the accident; and 'the allegation that it was reached not only justifies, but requires the inference that the city had such notice. We think this was sufficient.

While thus insisting that the complaint is defective, because it contains no express allegation showing that the city was at fault, the defendant proceeds to argue, in substance, that even if such an averment were inserted, it would not make the complaint good, because it would show that the city and the defendant were joint wrong-doers, and hence one could not have indemnity or contribution from the other.

When a municipal corporation, without any wrong-doing on its part, has been compelled to pay damages to a person injured by obstructions in the street, caused by the negligence of another, it may recover such damages from the person who negligently created the obstruction. Dillon on Municipal Corporations, § 1035; approved in Catterlin v. City of Frankfort, 79 Ind., 547; Village of Port Jervis v. First National Bank, 96 N. Y., 550, and cases therein cited. In such cases the municipal corporation and the person whose negligence occasioned the accident are not in pari delicto. Lowell v. Boston and Lowell R. R. Corporation, 23 Pick., 24. Hence the rule that one wrong-doer cannot maintain an action against another to recover damages incurred in consequence of their joint offense, does not apply. This is very clearly shown by the well considered opinion of the supreme judicial court of Massachusetts in the case last cited. Where the parties are not equally to blame, it is declared not to be against the policy of the law to inquire into the relative delinquency of the parties, and to administer justice between them. Such a course is manifestly just where the negligence of one of the parties, as in the present case, is constructive rather than actual.

The interlocutory judgment should be affirmed with costs, but with leave to the defendant to plead over on the usual terms.

Van Brunt, Ch. J., and Macomber, J., concur.  