
    (162 App. Div. 285)
    KORTVELLYESSY v. MANHATTAN COOPERAGE CO. et al.
    (Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department.
    May 8, 1914.)
    1. Venue (§ 22)—Residence in County—Codefendants.
    Under Const, art. 6, § 14, giving the county court jurisdiction in actions for the recovery of money when the defendants reside in the county, and Code Civ. Proc. § 340, subd. 3, providing that the county court’s jurisdiction extends to an action where the defendant is, or, if there are two or more defendants, where “all of them” are, at the time of the commencement of the action, residents of the county, the county court has no jurisdiction of an action on a joint contract entered into on behalf of
    
      a company by its representatives, where the company and one of the representatives are not residents of the county.
    [Ed. Note.—For other cases, see Venue, Cent. Dig. §§ 35-37; Dec. Dig. § 22.*]
    2. Contracts (§ 182*)—Joint'and Several Liability—“Fob Ourselves.”
    A contract by which representatives of a company “do hereby agree and promise for ourselves and for the said * * * company,” etc., creates a joint, and not a joint and several, liability.
    [Ed. Note.—For other cases, see Contracts, Cent. Dig. §§ 780-787; Dec. Dig. § 182.]
    Appeal from Kings County Court.
    Action by Colomon Kortvellyessy against the Manhattan Cooperage Company, Samuel Aronson, and Henry Leibowitz. From a judgment for plaintiff, and from an order denying a motion for new trial, defendant Leibowitz appeals.
    Reversed, and judgment rendered dismissing the complaint.
    Argued before JENKS, P. J., and THOMAS, CARR, STAPLE-TON, and PUTNAM, JJ.
    William Austin Moore, of Brooklyn, for appellant.
    J. Clifford McChristie, of New York City, for respondent.
    
      
      For other cases see same topic & § number in Dec. & Am. Digs. 1907 to date, & Rep’r Indexes
    
    
      
      For other cases see same topic & § number in Dec. & Am. Digs. 1907 to date, & Rep’r Indexes
    
   PUTNAM, J.

This action was brought upon a written contract in favor of the plaintiff, by which defendants Aronson and Leibowitz, representing the Manhattan Cooperage Company, “do hereby agree, and promise, for ourselves-, and for the said Manhattan Cooperage Company, its successors, heirs and executors,” to pay unto the plaintiff a certain commission on merchandise sold by the Manhattan Cooperage Company to the New York Tanning Extract Company. This instrument was signed:

“Samuel Aronson, Treas. [Seal.]
“Henry Leibovitz, Pres. [Seal.]”

Plaintiff brought his action against the two signers, individually, and the Manhattan Cooperage Company. The three defendants answered. Defendant Aronson by his" answer denied the allegation that he resided within the county. Proof was given as to the sales, upon which commissions were computed. The testimony having shown Aronson to be a nonresident of the county,'the court dismissed the complaint as to him, and also as against the Manhattan Cooperage Company, but submitted to the jury the liability of Leibowitz alone, against whom a verdict was rendered.

Defendants urged below, and insist on this appeal, that, since all the defendants were not residents of Kings county, the county court never had jurisdiction.

County courts are of limited jurisdiction. Their powers have been restricted by the prior Constitutions of 1846 and 1867. Lincoln’s Constitutional Hist. N. Y. I, p. 255; II, 142, 153, 157; III, 360, 373. By the present Constitution, they have “original jurisdiction in actions for the recovery of money only, where the defendants reside in the county, and in which the complaint demands judgment for a sum not exceeding two thousand dollars,” but that

“The Legislature may hereafter enlarge or restrict the jurisdiction of the county courts, provided however, that their jurisdiction shall not be so extended as to authorize an action therein for the recovery of money only, in which the sum demanded exceeds two thousand dollars, or in which any person not a resident of the county is a defendant.” Article 6, § 14.

Section 340, subd. 3, Code of Civil Procedure, provides that the county court’s jurisdiction extends—

“to an action for any other cause, where the defendant is, or, if there are two or more defendants, where all of them are, at the time of the commencement of the action, residents of the county.”

If more than one defendant, all are to be residents of the county, at the beginning of the action. Burckle v. Eckhart, 3 N. Y. 133; Frees v. Ford, 6 N. Y. 176.

Respondent contends that, although the county court had no jurisdiction over the nonresident defendants, it did have over the resident defendants. However, the Constitution does not say that, if a separate judgment may be rendered against several defendants, a county court may give judgment against those who reside within the county. On the contrary, it expressly provides that all the defendants must be residents of the county in which the action is brought.

Thus Vann, J., so interpreted the Code provisions which—

“make the jurisdiction of county courts depend upon the residence of the defendant, or the defendants, when there are more than one.” Maisch v. City of New York, 193 N. Y. 460, 463, 86 N. E. 458, 459.

The county judge below followed Weidman v. Sibley, 16 App. Div. 616, 44 N. Y. Supp. 1057 (Fourth Department), decided by a divided court in 1897, soon after the new Constitution took effect. Being an action of tort, the plaintiff having a several liability could drop out the partners who had left the state.' Here the liability is joint, as the words “for ourselves” do not make it joint and several, as would the words “for each of us.” The Eeibowitz liability was so joined with that of Aronson that to drop out Aronson, cutting off the remedy by contribution, was essentially different from striking out some of the tort-feasors, between whom there was not, as in the case at bar, any right of contribution. See, also, Worthington v. London Guar. & Acc. Co., 47 App. Div. 611, 62 N. Y. Supp. 591; Dakin v. Elmore, 68 Misc. Rep. 423, 125 N. Y. Supp. 44.

Considering the history of the county courts in this state, with the limits placed on them in three successive Constitutions, it is manifest that all-the defendants proceeded against must be residents of the county, as a condition of any jurisdiction by the county court.

I therefore advise that, as this action was not properly begun, the court did not acquire jurisdiction; that the judgment and order of the county court be reversed, and final judgment rendered dismissing the complaint. All concur.  