
    BAUMGARTNER v. HAM.
    1. Appeal and Error—Judgment Notwithstanding Verdict—Evidence.
    Review of verdicts and judgments on defendant’s appeal should be had by examining the evidence in the light most favorable to plaintiffs, where defendant seeks a reversal and entry of judgments for himself notwithstanding the verdicts for plaintiffs.
    2. Witnesses—Credibility—Question fob Jury.
    A defendant who became a witness, being interested in the result, placed his credibility in issue, and whether or not he was directly disputed, the jury was not bound to accept his testimony at face value (CLS 1961, § 600.2158).
    3. Automobiles—Presumption op Authority to Operator—Evidence—Failure to Complain.
    The failure of an owner to make complaint to a law-enforcement officer that operator of truek, involved in aeeident which caused plaintiffs’ injuries and damages, was then operating it unlawfully and without authority of the owner, supports, rather than rebuts, the presumption that it was being operated with the owner’s consent at the time of the aeeident (CLS 1961, § 257.401).
    References por Points in Headnotes
    
       30A Am Jur, Judgments § 297 et seq.
    
    
       53 Am Jur, Trial § 169.
    58 Am Jur, Witnesses § 867.
    
       8 Am Jur 2d, Automobiles and Highway Traffic § 969.
    Appeals from Berrien; Zick (Karl F.), J.
    Submitted November 3, 1964.
    (Calendar Nos. 42, 43, Docket Nos. 50,490, 50,491.)
    Decided January 4, 1965.
    
      Case by Jane C. Baumgartner against Robert W, Ham, doing business as Ham Wrecking Company, for personal injuries sustained in collision of motor vehicles. Derivative suit by James A. Baumgartner for medical expense and loss of consortium. Cases consolidated for trial and on appeal. Verdicts and judgments for plaintiffs. Defendant appeals.
    Affirmed.
    
      Doran, Manion, Boynton & Kamm and Gore & Williams (Carroll V. Williams, of counsel), for plaintiffs.
    
      Seymour & Seymour (Dale A. Seymour, of counsel), for defendant.
   Black, J.

These consolidated suits for negligence were tried to a jury. Defendant Ham appeals from judgments entered upon verdict for plaintiff Jane C. Baumgartner in the sum of $15,000 and verdict for plaintiff James A. Baumgartner in the sum of $2,500. He requests judgments notwithstanding such verdicts or, in the alternative, order of retrial.

In Monaghan v. Pavsner, 347 Mich 511, and later in Houseman v. Walt Neal, Inc., 368 Mich 631, judgments for correspondingly situated plaintiffs were affirmed as against demands for judgments notwithstanding the respective verdicts. Affirmance in each instance resulted from an equally divided vote. The same question is presented anew. We decide it, definitely this time, by declared adherence to pertinent views expressed in the Monaghan and Houseman opinions for affirmance.

Overlooked this time is the presently unfulfilled duty of one appealing, on like ground, to present the proofs in that light which is most favorable to the party against whom judgment contrary to verdict is sought. In that restricted vein defendant-appellant’s statement of facts is accepted. It follows :

“At the trial of the eas'e the evidence offered was that the defendant, Robert W. Ham, operated a wrecking business with offices at 504 East Sample street, South Bend, Indiana. He operated this business under the name of Ham Wrecking Company. He had about 5 or 6 regular employees who worked the year around Monday through Friday and also employed part-time employees on a day-to-day basis. The defendant did not operate his business on Sundays, except on unusual occasions and then only until traffic started. One of the part-time employees was Bruce E. Walton, a laborer who had been employed by the defendant off and on for about a year prior to June 5th of 1960. The defendant also employed Charles Walton, brother of Bruce "Walton, primarily as a laborer. Charles Walton did have occasion to drive the defendant’s motor vehicles but the defendant had five regular truck drivers. Bruce Walton did not have a driver’s license and the defendant had definitely told Bruce Walton that he was not to drive any of the defendant’s vehicles. To .the defendant’s knowledge Bruce Walton had never driven any of the defendant’s vehicles. On or about June 3d or 4th, 1960, "defendant loaned some plywood to the University of Notre Dame and on Saturday afternoon, June 4th, defendant had this plywood picked up at the University of Notre Dame and loaded onto one of his trucks,, a platform dump truck. The plywood was loaded onto this truck by one of the defendant’s regular drivers, Ronald Jones, after ■which the truck was taken to 'one of the defendant’s job sites in South Bend. The defendant wanted, the .plywood taken to his home at 1274 Barron Lake road, Niles, Michigan, and made arrangements with Charles'Walton, on Saturday afternoon, to take this plywood to his home. When these arrangements were haade with Charles Walton, his brother, Brucé Walton, was not present. Charles Walton tobk’tlie "defendant’s truck to-the’defendant’s'home arriving there Sunday morning around 11:30 to 12 noon. Charles Walton drove the truck and no one else was with him. The load was dumped and Charles Walton helped the defendant stack it after which the defendant told Charles Walton to take the truck and park it hack at the job site in South Bend. Charles Walton left the defendant’s home, driving the truck, before 1 p.m. South Bend is approximately 16 miles from the defendant’s home. About 9:00 p.m. Sunday evening the defendant had a telephone call from the State police post of Niles, Michigan, to the effect his truck had been involved in an accident. The defendant went to the scene of the accident at which time he learned that Bruce Walton was driving the truck at the time of the accident. Defendant had never given Bruce Walton permission to drive the truck and particularly did not give him permission to drive the truck on Sunday, June 5th. Defendant did not know until after the accident that Bruce Walton was driving his truck. Bruce Walton continued as a part-time employee until some time around July 20, 1962.
“The accident in question occurred on June 5, 1960, at approximately 8:58 p.m., Sunday evening, in Berrien county, Niles township, on highway US-31 south of Niles at the intersection with Wright-man road, a dirt road running east from US-31. Highway US-31 runs north and south and is the main highway between Niles, Michigan, and South Bend, Indiana. Driving defendant’s truck at the time of the accident was Bruce Walton.”

We add one fact, same having been definitely verified by means of correspondence passing between our clerk and counsel for both parties. It conjoins defendant-appellant’s admission that he retained Bruce Walton as an employee for a period of more than two years after, according to his credible or incredible testimony, Bruce Walton drove one of Ham Wrecking Company’s trucks on a public highway in violation of statute (See Hatter v. Dodge Brothers, 202 Mich 97, and quotation therefrom in Monaghan at 519). The added fact is that there is no evidence that defendant-appellant at any time made complaint to any law-enforcement officer of that which, according to his testimony, amounted ■either to a felony or misdemeanor. See CL 1948, §§ 750.413, 750.414 (Stat Ann 1954 Rev §§ 28.645, 28.646). Evidently, Bruce Walton being absent, •defendant-appellant was willing to testify to the unlawful taking and using of a motor vehicle by Bruce Walton but was not willing to complain and thus testify in a criminal proceeding with Bruce Walton confronting him.

In Monaghan present Justice Kelly and the writer, supported by former Justices Talbot Smith and Edwards, stood for this doctrine (pp 518, 519):

“The question before us is controlled by worthy doctrines recorded in Hatter v. Dodge Brothers, 202 Mich 97. On that occasion, it being agreed that the plaintiff should prevail if at all on strength of inference and presumption arising from similarly ■established facts—ownership by the defendant of a motor vehicle and negligent operation thereof on a public way by one not before the court as a defendant or witness—the court initially considered section 29 of the so-called ‘owner-liability act’ of 1915 and then went on to say:” (here follows extended quotation of the Hatter Case).

To paraphrase the opinions for affirmance of Monaghan and Houseman, both supra, it must be held that there is no middle ground here. Bruce Walton’s possession and use of the truck was lawful, or unlawful. The trial judge was not obliged to accept defendant-appellant’s testimony as conclusive of the knowledge-consent issue. When defendant-appellant took the stand” he, being-interested in the result, placed his credibility in - issue- (CLS 1961, § 600.215.8 [Stat Ann 1962 Rev § 27A-2158]).. Whether directly disputed or not, the jury was not bound to accept it at face value (Cebulak v. Lewis, 320 Mich 710 [5 ALR2d 186]; Petrosky v. Dziurman, 367 Mich 539).

Here, above and beyond the-firm conclusión just ■declared, defendant-appellant’s failure to complain and prosecute tended to support rather than overcome Hatter’s presumption that Bruce Walton drov'eHam Wrecking Company’s truck with knowledge- or consent of its owner. In his opinion for affirmance'of Houseman Mr. Justice Souris covered all this with care;- The following is taken from his ■opinion (Houseman v. Walt Neal, Inc., 368 Mich at 641, 642):

“In the case at bar, appellant’s president testified that on the day following the accident, as. soon as he heard of it and determined that appellant’s car1 was involved, he verbally reported to the chief of' police and the sheriff’s department that Schultz was driving appellant’s car without authority. However, he made no formal complaint against Schultz, ever, nor did anyone else in behalf of appellant. As a matter of fact, appellant’s salesman with whom Schultz negotiated for the car knew on the very day of the accident that Schultz had taken the car and had been in an accident, yet he made no effort to contact the police authorities. His failure to do-so then, upon discovery of the claimed unauthorized taking by Schultz, and the failure of appellant’s, president to make formal complaint thereafter, tend to support rather than rebut the presumption that Schultz had appellant’s consent or knowledge, implied if not express, to drive the car off its lot. As was said in Monaghan (p 522): ‘There is no middle ground here. ' * # * [Schultz’s] possession and use was lawful, or unlawful.’ If unlawful, appellant had a duty ta report it promptly upon discovery to the police authorities and to file a formal complaint against Schultz.
“Hailing this duty, and absent any other clear, positive, and credible proofs rebutting the presumption that Schultz’s possession of the car was lawful, the presumption remained available to the jury in support of a finding, on this record, that Schultz’s possession of the car was with appellant’s implied consent or knowledge.”

No reversible error has been made to appear upon presentation and consideration of appellant’s remaining stated questions. Judgments affirmed. Costs to plaintiffs.

Kavanagh, C. J., and Dethmers, Kelly, Souris, Smith, O’Hara, and Adams, JJ., concurred. 
      
       The present “owner-liability” provisions appear in CLS 1961, § 257.401 (Stat Ann 1960 Rev § 9.2101).—Repoeter.
     