
    The Mercantile Bank, Respondent, v. Malcolm C. Anderson, Appellant.
    
      Action upon a promissory note—proof which is not admissible under a plea of payment.
    
    Where in an action brought by a bank upon a promissory note the only defense interposed is payment, proof offered by the defendant that parties obligated to pay certain securities which had been pledged as collateral to the note were solvent, is incompetent.
    Semble, that, under such a condition of the pleadings, proof that through the plaintiffs negligence the right óf the defendant to collect such securities pledged as collateral was lost, is inadmissible, and that the defendant was not entitled to have a deposit in his favor in the plaintiff bank offset against the plaintiff’s claim.
    Appeal by the defendant, Malcolm 0. Anderson, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 22d day of April, 1897, upon the verdict of a jury, and also from an' order entered in said clerk’s office on the 20th day of May,. 1897, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial.
    
      James D. Arnold, for the appellant.
    
      Alexander S. Bacon, for the respondent.
   Ingraham, J.:

The plaintiff, a foreign corporation, brought this action to recover upon a promissory note made by the defendant, dated Denver, Col., May 25, 1893, by which one day after date the defendant promised to pay to the plaintiff at Denver, Col., $2,500. The defendant admitted the making of the note, but alleged as an affirmative defense that the defendant delivered it to the plaintiff with various securities, including promissory notes of third parties and insurance policies on the life of the defendant, as collateral security for the payment of this note ; that the plaintiff had sold, recovered upon and collected several of the securities left with this plaintiff by the defendant, and that the sums so realized and collected are equal to the amount of the promissory noté in suit, and that thó plaintiff has been paid the whole amount of said promissory note.

Upon the trial the defendant proved the delivery of certain of the collaterals specified in the answer. The promissory notes appear to have been produced unpaid on the trial by the plaintiff. The defendant then offered to prove the solvency of the makers of the notes at the time they were delivered to the plaintiff. This evidence was objected to upon the ground that no such defense was alleged in the answer, and the objection- was sustained. No evidence was offered to show that the plaintiff had collected upon any of the securities any sum of money whatever, the court holding that the defendant might prove every dollar that the bank realized upon this security, but that if they did not realize anything, there was no defense under the answer. The witness testified that he had no personal knowledge of any payment having been made to the plaintiff upon any of the securities. The defendant also testified that he had on deposit with the bank, in his own name, the sum of $250, and had also on deposit the sum of $367 upon an account in the name of the Denver Novelty Works, under which had been conducted the business he purchased and owned at the time the note became due. The court submitted to the jury the question as to whether or not the defendant had any such account in his own name with the plaintiff, but refused to direct the jury to allow to the plaintiff upon the amount due upon the note the amount of the deposits in his own name or in the name of the Denver Novelty Works. We think the ruling of the court was clearly right.

But one defense was set up in the answer, and that was payment. To sustain that defense it was necessary for the defendant to show that the plaintiff had actually received, either from the defendant or as the proceeds of the securities deposited by him with the bank, a sum of money which the bank was bound to apply to the payment of the amount due upon the note. If, in consequence of the negligence of the bank, the right of the defendant to recover upon ■ the securities lodged with the bank as collateral for the payment of the note had been lost, that was an entirely distinct defense which the defendant was bound to set up in his answer, and such a defense . the ¿ourt had no power to allow to be pleaded by way of amendment upon the trial. The plaintiff had the right to have notice of such a defense before the trial, so as to meet the proof to be be offered by the defendant.

"We think that this rule also applies to the claim of the defendant to offset- the amount of his deposits with the plaintiff, either individually or as under the name of the Novelty Works. The fact that, at the'time when this note became due the plaintiff was indebted to the defendant upon a different account, would not be a payment of the note. It would be an offset that the defendant might be entitled to have applied on account of- his liability upon the note; but to entitle him to prove the fact of the existence of such an offset, it is necessary that it should be pleaded in the answer. The court, however, submitted to the jury the question as to whether or not defendant had on deposit in his own name any sum of money, but the defendant did not request the court to submit to the jury the question as to whether he had a deposit in the name of the Novelty Works which could be applied upon the amount due on the note in suit. The court below was right in refusing to direct the plaintiff to credit the defendant with the amount of these alleged deposits; as even if the deposits had been properly pleaded, the evidence .of the existence of these accounts depended solely upon the testimony of the defendant, who was an interested party; and it is apparent from the verdict that the jury refused to believe the testimony of the defendant as to his individua,! deposit. If he had wished the court to submit to the jury the question as to whether or not he had a sum on deposit in the name of the Novelty Works, he should have requested the court so to do, and by his failure to make such a request he acquiesced in the decision by the court of the question of fact as to the existence of such a deposit. The plaintiff also claims that some of the testimony offered by the defendant in'rebuttal was incompetent, but as the defendant had failed to prove any defense upon the note alleged'in the answer, the evidence introduced by the plaintiff was entirely immaterial, and could not have injured him.

Upon the whole case, therefore, we think that no error was committed which requires a reversal of the judgment or order, and they should be affirmed, with costs.

Van Brunt, R. J., Patterson, O’Brien and McLaughlin, JJ., concurred.

Judgment and order affirmed, with costs.  