
    Sydney A. Still, Respondent, v. Nassau Electric Railroad Company, Appellant.
    
      Negligence—a verdict in favor of the plaintiff sustained in the absence of proof in support of plaintiff’s statement — when a passenger may stand, on the front platform of an open car—excessive verdict.
    
    In an action to recover damages for injuries occasioned, to the plaintiff through the defendant’s alleged negligence, a verdict in favor of the plaintiff will not . be set aside as against evidence merely because there is ah absence of proof to corroborate the personal statement of the plaintiff as to his haying been injured, where the failure to furnish such corroboration may be and is readily accounted for.
    It is not a negligent act on the part of a passenger upon an open trolley car to rise from his seat on the front platform in order to enable a lady to occupy it and to remain standing there, when it does not appear that he knew, or ought to have known, that he was in a position of danger, from which he could escape by going inside the car, and that he had an opportunity to do so.
    A recovery of §1,100, against an electric railroad company, for injuries, consisting of bruises and a sprain or partial dislocation of the left wrist joint, sustained by a passenger who, seven weeks after the accident, returned to his work as a waiter, receiving for the balance of the season a dollar and a half per day, although at the time of the accident he received only a dollar a day and was - “making on the outside from §G to §8 a day,” and who, although claiming to suffer continuous pain in his chest and back as a result of the accident, did not appear to have afterwards consulted a physician with reference to it, should, the court considered, be reduced to §500, in'view of the fact that the claim of permanent incapacity affecting the plaintiff’s earning power had little support.
    Appeal by the defendant, the Nassau Electric Railroad Company, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Kings on the 28th day of March, 1898, upon the verdict of a jury for $1,100, rendered after a trial at the Kings County Trial Term, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 27th day of April, 1898, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      HenryYonge, for the appellant.
    
      James D. Bell [A. H. Dailey with him on the brief], for,the respondent.
   Willard Bartlett, J.:

On June 23, 1896, one of the open trolley cars on New Utrecht avenue, in the city of Brooklyn, ran into an express wagon which was crossing the defendant’s line at the intersection of Seventy-ninth street. According to the plaintiff’s testimony, he was a passenger on the front part of the mar, and was standing at the time of the collision, having risen to give place tó a lady on the seat immediately .behind the motorman. The shock, he says, threw him off toward the side of the street, and when he recovered consciousness he found himself, with another injured person,-in a neighboring grass lot, where he was revived with stimulants so that in thirty or' forty minutes he was able to go home. The extent of his injuries will presently be considered.

In contending that the verdict is against the weight, of evidence, the learned counsel for the appellant emphasizes the fact that, none of the witnesses- who testified upon the trial remembered having seen the plaintiff, either before or after the collision, on the car or in the' grass lot, or being conveyed thither. If the plaintiff really were thrown from the car and became insensible,” he says, " and was carried to the grass and remained there in a fainting condition for forty minutes, it is almost incredible that none of the witnesses saw him fall, or helped carry him, or saw him carried or lying, on the grass. The conclusion is irresistible that the plaintiff did not fall, or if he did he suffered no injury, else some one would have recalled it.” The answer to this argument is that, upon a car crowded as this was so that passengers were standing in the cross aisles and upon the steps, the persons who saw the plaintiff fall might well be lost to him as witnesses the moment the car moved on, and that the plaintiff, in a fainting and dazed condition from the shock he had received, would not be likely to take the names of the stl’angers who assisted him after he was hurt. Furthermore, it appears that another passenger was more severely injured, and his ease would naturally withdraw attention from that of the plaintiff! “ I did not see this man,” says one of the witnesses, who was on the car, referring to the plaintiff. “ I heard that someone had been hurt on that side of the car, but my attention was entirely attracted to the other man, who was quite badly hurt.”

The jury, could believe the plaintiff, if they chose, even though there was no direct corroborative evidence. It was certain that the collision had occurred at the time and place alleged by him, and that the proof warranted a view of the circumstances which would impute negligence to the defendant’s servants in their management and operation of the car. A verdict is not to be set aside as against the evidence merely because there is an absence of proof to corroborate the personal statements of the prevailing party, when the failure to furnish such corroboration may be and is readily accounted for.

Exception was taken by the defendant’s counsel to that part of the charge in which the learned trial judge instructed the jury as follows: It is not negligence per se for a man to stand on the platform of a car, and I charge you now that the plaintiff standing on the front platform of that car was not negligent unless the car was so crowded as to make it dangerous and unless you find there was room on the inside of the car and which fact he knew, and he could reach without inconvenience to himself.”

In giving this instruction, the court evidently had in mind the doctrine of Nolan v. Brooklyn City & Newtown R. R. Co. (87 N. Y. 63), that it is not of itself negligence for a passenger who has not been forbidden to do so to ride on the front platform of a street car. In the present case, the reason for absolving a passenger from negligence for riding in such a place is far stronger than it was in the Nolan case. The so-called front platform of the open trolley car upon which the plaintiff rode was provided with a seat for passengers, so there could be no imputation of negligence in occupying that seat. The plaintiff arose therefrom to enable a. lady to sit down. Up to this time he certainly had not been negligent: Nor was it negligent for him to remain standing there unless he knew or ought to have known that he was in a position of danger from which he could escape by going inside the car and had an opportunity to do so. This is substantially what the learned judge told the jury. The phrase “ without inconvenience to himself ” did not state the condition quite accurately, but it could not have had a misleading effect in view of the evidence that in the crowded state of the car, if the plaintiff is to be believed, it was impossible for him to get inside. '' The car was packed,” he says, “ even the steps.”

The only other question raised on this appeal relates to the amount of the recovery. I think that the verdict of $1,100 was clearly excessive. Although the plaintiff was otherwise bruised, the most serious injury which he sustained was a sprain or partial dislocation of the left wrist joint. He was a waiter at the time of the accident, receiving a dollar a day " and making on the outside from six to eight dollars a day,” but in what way does not appear. It was seven weeks after the collision before he earned anything, when he went to work.as a waiter again, as he says “ slinging beer on Coney Island,” at which pursuit he made about one dollar and a half a day during the remainder of the season of 1896. He was treated by two physicians, but called only one of them as a. witness, who testified that he saw the plaintiff but once and merely prescribed liniment, for him and bromide of potassium to allay the nervous irritation of the patient. The plaintiff is now engaged in the oyster business and complains that the injury to his wrist prevents him from opening oysters as readily as' he could formerly open them. There is no proof, however, as to the extent to which his earning capacity has been reduced by the injury, if indeed it has been diminished at all, or as to how far the physical usefulness of the wrist has been lessened, though there is medical opinion evidence in the case to the effect that it cannot be restored to its normal condition so that it will be as well as it was before the accident.. As against this is the declaration of the medical expert called by the defendant on the trial, who' declared that the plaintiff’s wrist was a perfect wrist as far as he could see. So far as permanent incapacity affecting the plaintiff’s earning power is concerned the verdict has very little to rest upon, but the item of bodily suffering cannot be overlooked. The- plaintiff asserted that his back and chest were'hurt, and that he had never recovered from his injuries in these regions, so far as to be free from pain, since the time of the accident. The character of the pain was not described, however, nor did it appear that the plaintiff had consulted any physician with reference to it since immediately after the collision. Under such circumstances, and in the absence of express evidence on the subject, it can hardly be inferred that the pain ivas of great or increasing severity or likely to be permanent. "Without discussing any further the .proof on this branch of the case a careful consideration of all of it. leads to the conclusion that the .damages awarded were excessive and require the granting of a new trial unless the plaintiff prefers to stipulate to reduce the recovery to $500..

Judgment and order reversed and new trial granted, costs to abide the event unless within twenty days plaintiff stipulates to reduce recovery of damages to the sum of $500 and .extra allowance proportionately, in which case the judgment as modified is unanimously affirmed, without costs of this appeal to either party.  