
    CONSTRUCTION OF CONTRACTS.
    [Hamilton County Circuit Court,
    January Term, 1894.]
    Smith, Swing and Shauck, JJ.
    [Judge Shauck, of the Second Circuit, taking the place of Judge Cox.]
    
      The City of Cincinnati v. The Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company.
    1. Importance of Conduct and Acts of Parties in Construing Contracts.
    Where the terms of a contract are ambiguous and obscure, a court, in adjudicating upon it and attempting to arrive at the meaning and the intention of the parties in using the language in question, should give great weight to the acts and conduct of the parties thereto, and to the interpretation by them placed upon it for many years continuously, with full knowledge of the questions involved. And it should receive . this interpretation, though it may seem to be opposed to the natural and ordinary meaning of the language used.
    ■ S.' Same — Set-off of Amount Claimed to have been overpaid.
    When such construction has been so acted upon by the parties for many years, with such full knowledge and large sums of money have been paid by one to the other at various times in accordance with the interpretation so by them placed upon said contract, and an action is brought by one of the parties thereto against the other to recover further installments olainfed to be due thereon, the party who had made such former payments, under what it now claims was an incorrect interpretation of such contract, is not entitled to set off as against the demand of the plaintiff, the amount claimed to have been overpaid to it, by reason of such incorrect interpretation of the contract, and recover a judgment for"the residue so claimed to have been improperly paid. And the plaintiff will be entitled to a judgment for the amount'due upon said contract, according to the interpretation so placed by both parties upon the contract, in the manner hereinbefore stated.
    Error to the court of common pleas of Hamilton county.
    
      
      The judgment in this case was reversed by the supreme court, see opinion, 53 O. S., 278.
    
   Smith, J.

The members of the court who heard this case do not entirely agree as to the rights of the parties. Judges Shauck and Smith are of the opinion that the natural and ordinary meaning of the language used in the ordinance, which, when accepted, became the contract between the city and Conover, the assignor of the Gas company, -was, as claimed by counsel for the plaintiff in error; and that in accordance with its provisions, the price of gas furnished to the city was to be determined by ascertaining the lowest price at which (such) gas was (regularly) furnished to private individuals in each of the five cities named, and dividing the aggregáte amount thus produced by this number of cities (5), and two-thirds of this quotient would be the price to be paid by the city. We do not see how otherwise the word “ lowest ” is to have any force or effect. Judge Swing doubts whether this is the proper construction to be placed upon this language, for this reason, among others, that it would seem very improbable that Conover would ever have made so improvident a contract. But Judges Swing and Smith -are further of the opinion, that conceding the foregoing to be the natural and ordinary meaning of the language used, it does not necessarily follow that the parties in this case must have their respective claims adjudicated in accordance therewith. When the terms of a contract are ambiguous and obscure, the aim of a court adjudicating upon it, should be to determine what was the intention and meaning of the parties making use of the language. And the subsequent conduct of the parties acting under it often throws a flood of light upon, and is almost, if not entirely, conclusive upon the question.

Hertenstein & Dinsmore, Corporation Counsel, and W. H. Whittaker, for Plaintiff in Error. f

E. W, Kittredge, and Paxton, Warrington & Boutet, for Defendant in Error.

We think that such is the fact here, and we are led to the conclusion that the language used should have that interpretation which the parties by their conduct have placed upon it for nearly a quarter of a century continuously, and with full knowledge of the question involved. The principle here stated was followed by this court in the case of Kinney, Assignee, v. Com'rs Hamilton Co., referred to by counsel for defendant in error, 4Circ. Dec., 448, which decision was affirmed by the Supreme Court. In that case the langauge of the contract was much less ambiguous than that used' in this, and seemed on its face to clearly require a certain construction; but in view of the continuous conduct of the parties placing a wholly different construction upon it, we were of the opinion that this was what the parties intended when they used the langauge, and so construed it, and this view, sharply presented, seems to have met the approval of the Supreme Court. But the doctrine is a familiar one, and in this brief opinion we do not deem it necessary to cite other authorities.

Judge Shauck, however, is of a different opinion, and while disposed to hold that the cross-petition of the city to recover the amount claimed to have been improperly paid on its construction of the contract cannot be maintained, as it was a voluntary payment, yet thinks that the city in this action brought against it by the Gas company to recover for the amount of gas furnished for the two months sued for, should only be held liable for the amount furnished as ascertained and determined according to the terms of the contract as properly construed. And that as the judgment in favor of the city was rendered for more than it should have been (the court of common pleas having sustained the construction claimed by the Gas company), that the judgment rendered should be reversed, and a new trial awarded. But as a majority of the court is of the opinion that the judgment should be affirmed, it will be so ordered.  