
    H. Whitney Tew, Plaintiff, v. Henry Wolfsohn and Paula Wolfsohn, Defendants.
    (Supreme Court, Hew York Special Term,
    May, 1902.)
    Agency — Several liability o£ agent and o£ undisclosed principal when disclosed —Demurrer for misjoinder of defendants unauthorized —Code C. P., § 488, subd. 6.
    An agent for an undisclosed principal, and the latter when disclosed, are severally liable on a contract made by the agent within the scope of his employment, and there is no misjoinder of causes of action where both are sued on such a contract in the same action.
    A demurrer for misjoinder of parties defendant is unauthorized.
    The provisions of Code C. P., § 488, subd. 6, permitting' a demurrer for a defect of parties, plaintiff or defendant, means a deficiency of, and not too many, parties. ,
    Demurrer to complaint in action for breach of contract.
    Hawes & Judge for plaintiff.
    Benno Loewy for defendant Henry Wolfsohn.
   Steckler, J.

The complaint alleges that the defendants are husband and wife; that the husband conducts a" musical bureau for the purpose of securing concert and recital engagements for high-class artists, which business is owned by the wife, the husband acting as her agent, although he pretends to he conducting-the agency on his own behalf and without, disclosing his wife as principal;, that on June 7, 1901, a contract was entered into between plaintiff and the husband, acting as agent for his undisclosed principal, the wife, whereby the plaintiff, a professional singer, appointed the husband his sole manager for the term of one year, agreeing to pay the husband 10 per cent, of all plaintiff’s engagements, and to submit to him all his business communications, and not to accept any engagements without the- husband’s consent, and whereby defendants agreed on their part that the husband would arrange a concert tour for plaintiff and do such other work as was incidental thereto. The complaint then alleges performance of the conditions of the contract by plaintiff; details alleged breaches of the contract by the defendants, and judgment is asked against the defendants for the sum of $5,000 damages.

The husband demurs to the complaint on the ground that several causes of action are improperly united in the same complaint, namely, an alleged cause of action against the husband upon a liability as agent acting for an undisclosed principal which does not affect the wife, and an alleged cause of action against the wife as the disclosed principal of the husband which does not affect the husband, and that said alleged causes of action are not -consistent with each other and do not affect all the parties to the action.

It is evident that the word defendants ” is used by the pleader to designate the legal effect of plaintiff’s transactions with the agent.

Each of the defendants is liable separately on the causes of action stated in the complaint; the plaintiff could sue each separately, although he could not obtain judgment against both, for a "judgment obtained against one, although unsatisfied, would seem to bar an action against the other (Weil v. Raymond, 142 Mass., at p. 213; Mattlage v. Poole, 15 Hun, 559; and see Meeker v. Claghorn, 44 N. Y., 349; Tuthill v. Wilson, 90 id., 423). It has been held by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, however, that not a judgment merely, but a satisfaction of the judgment alone, is a bar (Beymer v. Bonsall, 79 Penn. St., 298); and the court said in Nason v. Cockroft (3 Duer, 336) that where the principal is discovered the agent and principal are liable, and either or both may be sued (see opinion, Clarke, J., in American Trading Co. v. Wilson Sons & Co., 37 Misc. Rep. 76.

The situation presented in this case is precisely the same as if merely one cause of action was alleged in the complaint, upon which each defendant is liable, and there is no misjoinder of causes of action (Code, § 484), but at' most merely a misjoinder of parties defendant. In this respect the case is distinguishable from the cases cited by defendant (Nichols v. Drew, 94 N. Y. 22; Adams v. Stevens, 7 Misc. Rep. 469; Hess v. Buffalo & N. F. R. R. Co., 29 Barb., 391; McKenzie v. Hatton, 9 Misc. Rep., 16; Kelly v. Newman, 62 How. Pr. 156); for in each of those cases two or more causes of action were joined in the complaint, one affecting one defendant and one or more affecting another defendant, and, on the ground that the causes of action did not affect all the parties to the action, it was held that there was a misjoinder of causes of action. In the case at bar the very facts which show a cause of action against the agent constitute also a cause of action against the disclosed principal.

Even if the defendants are not jointly liable and are improperly joined (Weil v. Raymond, supra), a demurrer for misjoinder of defendants is not authorized. A demurrer may be interposed where it appears on the face of the complaint (Code, sec. 488, sub. 5) that there is a misjoinder of parties plaintiff — not parties defendant — or (ib., sub. 6), that there is a defect of parties plaintiff or defendant; and defect means a deficiency of, and not too many, parties (Richtmyer v. Richtmyer, 50 Barb., 55; New York & N. H. R. R. Co. v. Schuyler, 17 N. Y., 592; McIntosh v. Ensign, 28 id., 169). Of course, if a proper cause of action is not alleged against a defendant, he may demur on the ground that the complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action.

The demurrer must, therefore, be overruled, with costs, with leave to answer over on the usual terms.

Demurrer overruled, with costs, with leave to answer over on usual terms.  