
    Wilhelmina Gennerich, Resp’t, v. Charles Ulrich et al., App’lts.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department,
    
    
      Filed December 29, 1890.)
    
    1. Estoppel.
    Where an estoppel is claimed upon the ground that it would be unjust to allow a person to stand by and permit another to purchase property, supposing the title to be in the seller, and subsequently claim that property as his own, the evidence of such estoppel must be clear and convincing, and resort cannot be had to inference only.
    2. Same.
    The mere fact that a party knew that her mother had borrowed some money is not sufficient to charge her with knowledge that the mother had also executed a mortgage on her property so as to estop her from after-wards setting up her title as against the mortgagee.
    Appeal from certain portions of an interlocutory judgment of partition.
    
      Nelson Smith, for app’lt; Rabe & Keller, for pl’ff, resp’t; H. A. McTiernan, for executors, resp’ts.
   Van Brunt, P. J.

There is no objection raised to that part of the decree which provides for a partition of the premises in question, but the appellants appeal from so much of the judgment as seeks to charge the premises with a $1,500 mortgage given to August tom Harve.

One Charles Brendel died in the year 1866 seized of the lot in question, leaving him surviving his widow and four children, his son, Chas. Brendel, Jr., and three daughters, Margaret, then the wife of the defendant, Chas. Ulrich, the defendant, Annie Brendel, and the plaintiff, his only heirs at law. In his life-time the said Chas. Brendel had executed a mortgage upon the said lot to one John Hubener for $1,000. Chas. Brendel, Jr., died in 1867 without issue, and without ever having been married. From the time of the death of Charles Brendel, Sr., up to January 11,1889, when she died, his widow solely exercised active ownership in respect to the said property, and collected the rents. In March, 1877, John Hubener demanded payment of his mortgage, and the widow of Chas. Brendel borrowed from August tom Harve the sum of $1,500, and executed her individual bond, and gave a mortgage upon the premises in question to secure the same.

It was represented to the mortgagee that Mrs. Brendel was the owner of the property and he did not have the title searched. Subsequently Mrs. Ulrich died leaving the appellants her heirs-at-law.

Upon the trial it was established by the evidence of the plaintiff and of the defendant Annie Brendel that Mrs. Ulrich knew that her mother had borrowed this money through the instrumentality of her brother-in-law, and that she thanked her brother-in-law for his kindness to her mother. This brother-in-law, who is one of the executors of the will of the mortgagee tom Harve, was also examined as a witness for the purpose of establishing the knowledge of Mrs. Ulrich .of the giving of this mortgage. This evidence was objected to upon the ground that he was a party in interest hostile to the appellants, and that he could not testify to personal transactions between himself and Mrs. Ulrich.

This objection alone would seem to be fatal to the judgment as it stands, because it is clear that this executor, as far as the establishment of the lien of this mortgage is concerned, was a party in interest and testifying in his own behalf to conversations and transactions between himself and a deceased party.

But we think that there is no evidence going to show that Mrs. Ulrich had any knowledge whatever that her interest in this property was attempted to be mortgaged by her mother to secure this loan. She undoubtedly knew that her mother borrowed the money and probably that she had given a mortgage, but as to its nature or extent there is no proof whatever:

H the evidence established that, although her mother had not the title to this property, she stood by and allowed her to mortgage it as though she were the owner, she would be estopped from setting up her title as against the mortgagee; but the case is entirely barren of evidence going to show that she had any idea that her mother was claiming the right to mortgage her interest in the property in question.

In order that an estoppel of this kind snail be sustained the evidence tending to establish it must be of a satisfactory nature. It must be clear and convincing and resort cannot be had to inference only.

It is the deprivation of a party of his property upon the theory that it would be unjust to allow a person to stand by and permit another to purchase property supposing the title to be in the seller and subsequently claim that property as his own. The evidence in the case at bar is not of such a character. It is meagre at the best and its whole strength depends upon the inference which it is claimed may be drawn therefrom that Mrs. Ulrich must have known all about the details of this transaction of her mother’s.

We do not think the mere fact of Mrs. Ulrich’s'knowledge that her mother had borrowed some money is sufficient to charge her with knowledge that she had also executed a mortgage upon her property, and this seems to be all that the evidence established. It is clear that such testimony would entirely fail to support the proposition that Mrs. Ulrich ever gave her consent to the mortgage in question.

The judgment so far as it is appealed from should be reversed and a' new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event.

Beady and Daniels, JJ., concur.  