
    John Doyle, Respondent, v. The Albany Railway, Appellant.
    
      Negligence — injury from, a motor car■—new trial granted because the verdict is ■ against the evidence.
    
    On an application to set aside a verdict as against evidence and for a new trial in an action to recover for injuries sustained by the plaintiff in consequence of being struck in the night time by an electric car, it appeared that on the former trial of the action the plaintiff, and also a witness named Hughes called by him, testified that the “down car” which struck the plaintiff had a headlight burning and was itself “a glare of light,” upon which evidence the appellate court considered that the injury had resulted from the plaintiff’s own negligence, and ordered a new trial.
    On the second' trial the plaintiff himself testified positively that the “down car” had no headlight upon it, nor any light at all; that it was a 'dark car. The witness Hughes was not called, but two other witnesses who were seated in the up car from which the plaintiff had alighted at the time of the accident, testified that the “down car” was apparently dark, while six other witnesses sworn for the defendant, the railway company, of whom four, including the motorman and the conductor of the down car itself, were in its employ, testified that the car was lighted by electricity and that the headlight was burning as it approached the plaintiff.
    
      Held, that, in view of the improbability that a car ordinarily lighted by electricity would be run dark in the night time, and of the fact that the defendant's witnesses had a much better opportunity to know the condition of the car than the plaintiff and his witnesses, there was such a clear and overwhelming preponderance of evidence against the plaintiff’s claim that the “down car” was not lighted, as to warrant the inference that the jury had misconceived the full force and bearing of that question upon the plaintiff’s right to recover; and that the judgment in favor of the plaintiff should be set aside and a new trial be granted.
    
      Appeal by the defendant, The Albany Railway, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Albany on the 4th day of February, 1897. upon the verdict of a jury for $2,000, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 5th day of February, 1897, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      Simon W. Iiosendale, for the appellant.
    
      Jolvn H. Gleason, for the respondent.
   Parker, P. J.:

When this case was before us on a former appeal, we held that the injury evidently resulted in part from the plaintiff’s own negligence, and for that reason reversed a judgment in his favor (5 App. Div. 602). .

We reached that conclusion principally upon the plaintiff’s own evidence and that of his friend Hughes, that the “ down car ” which struck him had a headlight burning and was itself a “ glare of light.” From the evidence in that record, it was clear that, had he looked carefully for an approaching car before he ventured on the track, the plaintiff could have seen and avoided it; and the conclusion was irresistible either that he did not look, or else that he attempted to'pass in front of a car which he saw approaching. It was clear to us, then, that the trolley pole would not have obstructed his vision had he used reasonable care in looking up the track; and that in fact he had an unobstructed view of the track for several hundred feet liad he chosen to avail himself of it.

After a new tidal the case comes before us with this very marked and significant chánge in the evidence affecting the question of plaintiff’s negligence :

He testifies upon this trial that he is positive that the “ down car ” had ho headlight upon it, nor any light at all: That it was a dark car. . He also testifies that he stopped, looked and listened, and did not discover the car until just as it struck him. Hughes, who was plaintiff’s witness on the former trial, is not sworn upon this one, and two other witnesses, who claim to have been present, now, for the first time, testify that the “.down car ” was apparently dark.

Therefore, the question upon which we reversed the plaintiff’s recovery before is now presented to us in a very different light. As it now appears from the evidence upon plaintiff’s side, he stepped off the up car when it stopped, passed around the rear end, and, as he got where he was about to cross the south-bound track, he stopped, looked up the track and listened; that the night was dark, and he could neither see nor hear any car approaching; that he then entered upon the track and was struck by a car going south, at an unusual speed, without any light upon it, and without any signals being given, and which car, in violation of the company’s rules, was running past another at a station without coming to a stop.

The trial judge, within the case of Williams v. D., L. & W. R. R. Co. (155 N. Y. 158), was not authorized to take the case from the jury, however much he may have been convinced that this new version was made up to meet the defects developed by the former appeal. His -refusal to nonsuit was not error. But the question remains whether, upon the whole evidence, this verdict should be allowed to stand.

If the headlight was burning on the down car as it approached the point where plaintiff was struck, manifestly it could have been seen by him for a distance of several hundred feet. He admits'seeing the lights at the toll gate. And, in that event, the case does not substantially differ from the one before us on the"former appeal. Therefore, if the clear weight of evidence is that such light was burning, the verdict upon this trial is as erroneous as was the first.

The plaintiff’s evidence on that question is direct and positive that it was not. The evidence of Duff and Maroney is not so positive. But, assuming that it was, their only means of knowing was the glimpse they caught of the car as it flew past the end of the up car where they were sitting. They were looking from a brilliantly lighted car, through a window, out into the night, and their opportunity of noticing the headlight, or even the lights in the car itself, was evidently not the very best. These are the only witnesses who attempt to corroborate plaintiff upon that question.

The defendant swore six witnesses, who testified that the car was lighted by electricity, and the headlight burning, as it approached the plaintiff — two of them, the motorman and conductor, on the car itself, who had every means of knowing and could not be mistaken in tlleir testimony that all the lights were lighted. If it was a dark car they must have known it. Also the witness Terrell, who seems to be entirely disinterested, and a stranger to both, parties, was in the car and is positive that it was not a dark car. According to his statement, all the electric lights were burning. The conductor and motorman on the up car aré both positive that the lights of the down car were burning. Both were outside and could see it in the distance as.it approached, and the conductor testifies he called out to plaintiff and warned him to look out for it. The witness Post was. at the toll gate as the down car passed, and testified that its lights were burning then—headlight and all. What its condition was when it struck the plaintiff he does not know. Now, here are six witnesses who all testify positively that the down car was. lighted, and each one of them Was in a much better situation to observe and learn the fact than were the two who corroborated plaintiff’s- statement. True, four of them were in the employ of the defending company, but it is not yet the law that their evidence must be rejected or discredited because of that fact. The personal interest ■ Which such a relation' might possibly create is not to be overlooked in weighing their evidence, but that their statements are to be utterly discredited or disregarded because of that fact, is a conclusion which jurors are much too ready to • adopt, and which neither reason nor experience, warrants. The weight of evidence, however, does not-depend upon the number of witnesses. The reasonableness of the statement and the opportunity to know the truth is much more convincing.

In the' case before us, what reason was there for running a dark-car from Troy to Albany that night, or for running it dark any part of the way ? It was lighted by electricity, and no work was required to light it except to turn it on. It is highly improbable, if not incredible, that the employees should neglect to turn on the light, and if turned on there is no reason why it should go out, so long as the trolley remained on the wire and operated to propel the car. It is suggested that á fuse blew out as the motorman reversed in order to avoid striking the plaintiff, and thus put out the lights. It is possible that the light did go out when that occurred, and that may explain why, as'the car passed the up car, Duff, and Maroney saw no light upon it; but it would be of no. force upon the question of plaintiff’s negligence, for had he stopped before going on the down track, and looked, he would have seen the light before the motorman could have seen him, and before any reversal became necessary. Evidently, if the car had got so close that the motorman saw him and reversed, and thus extinguished the lights, the situation was such that plaintiff could have seen the car without a light, and avoided it, had he exercised reasonable care to do so. Also, Duff’s statement that he jumped from his car almost as soon as the down car passed, and ran to where the plaintiff was thrown, and that when he got there the car was lighted, is a strong circumstance to indicate that the car was not being run as a dark ear.

There is every reason to suppose that "the car in question was. lighted, instead of being run as a dark car. And not only do the defendant’s witnesses appear to have had much the better opportunity to see, but also their statement is much the more reasonable one.. It is consistent with what we would naturally expect. The plaintiff’s statement is utterly inconsistent with it.

In my judgment, and notwithstanding the particularly clear charge of the trial court oil that subject, there is such á clear and overwhelming preponderance of evidence- against the plaintiff’s claim that the down car was not lighted, that we must infer the jury misconceived the full force and bearing of that question upon the plaintiff’s right to recover. It seems to me to be a case where the evidence of the plaintiff, clearly discredited by the manifest change in the claim he now makes from the one made on the first trial, is but slightly supported, and very thoroughly overcome by the' evidence of defendant’s witnesses upon the vital question in 'the case. Under such circumstances, we do not hesitate to exercise an independent judgment, and to set aside a verdict which has evidently been based upon some theory not in harmony with the one which we have already held should be controlling in this case.

These considerations lead to a reversal of the judgment, and a discussion of the other questions presented becomes unnecessary. .

All concurred, except Landoít, J., not voting, and TTe.-r-r.to-r-, J„, not sitting.

Judgment and order reversed and a new trial granted, costs to abide the event.  