
    Giovanni Amato, an Infant, by his Guardian ad litem, etc., Resp’t, v. Sixth Avenue Railroad Company, App’lt.
    
      (Pew York Common Pleas, General Term,
    
    
      Filed June 4, 1894.)
    
    Railroads — Trespassers.
    The fact that a person isra trespasser in boarding a car, does not lawfully expose him to ejectment by unusual means or excessive force, nor license the company, or its servants, unnecessarily to inflict upon him bodily injury.
    Appeal from a judgment for plaintiff which was rendered upon a verdict in his favor. Appeal also from an order which denied defendant's motion, upon the minutes* for a new trial. Action to recover damages for personal injuries sustained by the plaintiff in being forcibly ejected from one of the defendant’s cars by the driver thereof.
    
      Wm. S. Cogswell, for app’lt; William T:L Gibson (2?. if. Porters of counsel), for resp’t.
   Bischoff, J.

In response to the call of a passenger, and intending to supply the latter with a paper, the plaintiff, a newsboy, jumped aboard one of the defendant’s cars. While standing on the front platform of the car, in the act of supplying the passenger, the plaintiff was ordered off by the driver. The lad begged to be permitted to remain pending the passing of a truck, and did not at once leave the car, which was moving at the time. Heedless of the appeal the driver violently pushed the lad, who fell off and under the car, thus sustaining the injuries, which have made him a cripple for life. True, the driver called as a witness for the defendant, denied that he pushed the lad, but there is nothing so intrinsically improbable in the latter’s version of the accident that in crediting him we may say that a verdict in his favor was against the preponderance of evidence. The defendant did not, when the introduction of evidence for both sides was concluded,, ask that a verdict be directed in its favor. Heither was the motion for dismissal of the complaint renewed. It was conceded, therefore, that the evidence was sufficient to require its submission to the jury. Paige v. Chedsey, 4 Misc. 183 ; 53 St. Rep. 190; Meyers v. Cohn, 4 Misc. 185; 53 St. Rep. 223. We assume that in boarding the defendant’s car, not intending to become a passenger, the plaintiff for the time being was a trespasser. That fact, however, did not lawfully expose him to ejectment by unusual means or excessive force, nor license the defendant, or its servants, unnecessarily to inflict upon him bodily injury, Filkins v. People, 69 N. Y. 101; Kiff v. Youmans, 86 N. Y. 324; Loomis v. Terry, 17 Wend. 496; and whether or not the force used was excessive, or the means resorted to for the plaintiff’s expulsion were unusually dangerous and menacing to life or limb, was in view of all the circumstances, a question of fact for the jury. Cooley on Torts, 2nd ed., pp. 194, etc. Defendant may lawfully prevent access by a trespasser to its cars; and if access has been gained it may lawfully expel the trespasser, using for that purpose only necessary force, in view of all the circumstances, and resorting to no means which unnecessarily menace the life or limb of the trespasser. It may lawfully delegate its authority-in that regard to its servants, and qui fácil per alium, facit per se. Broom’s Maxims, pp. 524, 525 ; Cooley, on Torts, 2d ed., pp. 625, etc. Authority from the defendant to its driver to expel trespassers is fairly to be implied from the employment. Wood’s Master and Servants, pp. 524, etc.. Hence, in ejecting the plaintiff from the car, the driver was acting within his employment, and the rule respondeat superior applies. To that effect are the adjudged cases, Rounds v. D., L. & W. R. R. Co., 64 N. Y. 129 ; Hoffman v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co., 87 N. Y. 25; Clark v. N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. Co., 40 Hun, 605; 2 St. Rep. 249; aff’d, 113 N. Y. 670; 23 St. Rep. 994; Day v. The Brooklyn City R. R. Co., 12 Hun, 435; aff’d, 76 N. Y. 593.

The judgment and order should be affirmed, with costs.

Bookstaver, P. J., and Pryor, J., concur.  