
    John Mahoney, Respondent, v. Alexander T. Kent, Appellant.
    (New York Common Pleas—General Term,
    April, 1894.)
    An agent who fails to disclose his principal is liable personally to the party with whom he contracts, even though the true principal might have been discovered by such party ; to relieve the agent from liability, actual knowledge by the party contracting with him is necessary.
    Appeal from a judgment of the District Court in the city of New York for the second judicial district, rendered by the justice of the First Judicial District Court as acting justice for the second judicial district, without a jury, in favor of the plaintiff.
    Action for services and disbursements.
    
      James J. Walsh, for respondent.
    
      George Edwa/rd Kent, for appellant.
   Bischoff, J.

That the plaintiff was employed by the defendant, and that the services in question were rendered during the period for which compensation is claimed, is not disputed ; nor is it contradicted that the disbursements which are sought to be recovered were reasonable and were made in the course of the plaintiff’s duties. As to whether or not an agreement existed whereby the defendant charged himself with the repayment of these disbursements, and as to the amount agreed upon as compensation for the plaintiff’s services during the week for which compensation is here claimed, there is a direct conflict of fact upon which a finding either way might have been made, but that the determination below upon such evidence will not be reviewed upon appeal is the well-settled rule of this court. It is contended, however, that this action should have been brought against the Sporting World Co.,” of Avhich the defendant is president, and in which capacity it is claimed that the agreement with the plaintiff was entered into by him. There is no eAÚdence that the. plaintiff was employed under any representations as to the agency of the defendant, and the justice properly denied the motion to dismiss the complaint upon this ground. It is elementary that an agent Avho fails to disclose his principal is liable personally to the party with whom he contracts. Mills v. Hunt, 20 Wend. 431. Again, it is urged that the plaintiff could well have discovered the existence of the defendant’s principal from a perusal of a certain portion of the newspaper upon wdiich he Avas employed, but it is not sufficient that the true principal might have been discovered by the party contracting with the agent; actual knowledge is necessary (Cobb v. Knapp, 71 N. Y. 348, 352), and the evidence fails to show any such knowledge on the part of the plaintiff in this case. In the case last cited the court say : “ There is no hardship in the rule of liability against agents. They always have it in their own power to relieve themselves, and when they do not it must be presumed that they intend to be liable.”

The recovery is fully supported by the evidence, and no error appearing from the record, the judgment should be affirmed, with costs.

G-iegerich, J"., concurs.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.  