
    Titus P. Fenlason versus Benjamin R. Rackliff.
    In an action for trover, the mere denial of conversion in the specifications of defence is only equivalent to a plea of the general issue, and is not sufficient; but if facts are alleged, which, if proved, would support such plea, the plaintiff will be required to prove the conversion: —
    As, — where the specifications set forth that the buildings which are the subjects of controversy, “ were at the time of the alleged conversion, the property of R., and a part of his real estate.”
    Having contracted to purchase a farm, F. erected buildings thereon; and after thirteen years occupation, abandoned the farm, which the owner afterwards sold and conveyed to R., against whom F. brought trover for conversion of the buildings, R. having sold and conveyed the farm to another person: — held, that the buildings passed to R. as a part of the real estate, notwithstanding R.’s grantor may have verbally agreed with F. that they were personal property; — for the title to real estate, of a subsequent purchaser, cannot be affected by such a verbal agreement.
    Exceptions from the ruling of Rice, J., — also on motion to set aside the verdict.
    
      Walker, for the plaintiff.
    
      O. F. Talbot, for the defendant.
   The opinion of the Court was drawn up by

Davis, J.

In 1846 the plaintiff contracted for the purchase of a farm, on which there was a house and a barn. He afterwards sold and removed the barn, and erected another in its place ; and another small house was purchased by him, moved upon the farm, and left standing upon blocks, but not otherwise attached to the soil.

After twelve or thirteen years, the plaintiff being unable to pay for the farm, voluntarily abandoned it, still claiming to own the buildings as personal property. The owner of the land thereupon sold the premises to the defendant, Benjamin R. Rackliff, by his deed dated Nov. 12, 1858; and the defendant sold to Philip H. Rackliff, Nov. 25, 1859. The plaintiff claims that this sale was a conversion of the buildings; and he has brought this action of trover therefor. Upon the trial the verdict was for the' defendant.

The defendant in his specifications alleged "that the buildings, at the time of the alleged conversion, were the property of Philip II. Raekliff, and a part of his real estate.” The plaintiff claimed that this was no denial of the conversion, and that it was not incumbent on him to prove it; but the Court ruled otherwise.

It is not necessary that specifications of defence should be equivalent in terms to a technical plea, though they state the grounds of defence more particularly. What would be sufficient for a plea might be insufficient for specifications of defence. Hart v. Hardy, 42 Maine, 196. And it is equally true that what would be bad as a plea might be good as a specification of the defence. The allegation that the plaintiff did not own the property sued for, but that it was the property of Philip II. Raekliff, and a part of his real estate, is a specification of facts to support a plea denying a conversion, rather than such a denial. That they would, if proved, sustain such a plea, there can be no doubt. If the specifications had merely denied the alleged conversion, they would have been insufficient, as being merely equivalent to a plea of the general issue. But, as they set out the facts to be proved in support of such a plea, they are sufficient; and the ruling of the Court was correct.

The counsel for the plaintiff requested the Court to instruct the jury that, if any of the "buildings were placed on the land without the consent of the owner, yet if he and the owner of the buildings agreed that the buildings were personal property, they would become so; and the owner’s deed of the land would not pass the title to the buildings.”

There was no evidence in the case to warrant any such instruction. The most that can be claimed, upon the plaintiff’s own testimony, is, that the grantor of the defendant assented to the opinion that he did not own the buildings, because they were personal property, belonging to the plaintiff.

But the requested instruction was intrinsically unsound and erroneous. Real estate cannot be converted into personal pi’operty by a mere parol agreement, so as to defeat the title of a subsequent purchaser. If one having a good record title to a dwellinghouse could have it taken from him and removed, upon proof that a prior owner had sold it as personal property, when in fact it was not personal property, it would overturn all security in such titles.

Motion and exceptions overruled.

Appleton, C. J., Cutting, Kent and Walton, JJ., concurred.  