
    Pearl Ferber, Respondent, v. Joseph Brueckl and Amalia Brueckl, his Wife, Appellants.
    
    7 S. W. (2d) 279.
    St. Louis Court of Appeals.
    Opinion filed June 5, 1928.
    
      
      ,.8. E. Eahen, A. G. Hageter, Arthur Stahl and Eugene D. Andrews for appellants. .
    
      Theodore 'G. Bruere and Ilensley, Allen <& Marsaleh for respondent.
    
      
      Corpus Juris-Cyc. References: Continuances, 13CJ, p. 122, n. 1; p. 191, n. 95; Courts, 15CJ, p. 1092, n. 63; Dismissal and Nonsuit, 18CJ, p. 1146, n. 11, 15; p. 1204, n. 69, 72; p. 1205, n. 75; Judgments, 34CJ, p. 674, n. 69.
    
   DAUES, P. J.

— This appeal involves a determination of the question as to whether a suit suffers a discontinuance if plaintiff fails to cause an «/«/s writ o£ summons to be issued at the return term and successive plvrie-s writs at every succeeding term until tbe defendants can be found and served; whether, if no writ was issued between the date of the first non est and the dale of the issuance of the last writ, such will affect the validity of the judgment though a number of terms have intervened. This question has disturbed the Bar since the decision in the case of Weaver v. Woodling, 272 S. W. 373, by the Kansas City Court, of Appeals, wherein it was held that under such circumstances the cause suffers a discontinuance.

The facts in the instant case are these: On March 20, 1915, plaintiff obtained a judgment in the circuit court of tít. Charles county against defendants in the sum of $1500, with interest and costs. This judgment remained unsatisfied, and on March 14, 1925, plaintiff filed a petition to revive the judgment,, which was an application for the. suing out. of a writ of scire facias to revive the judgment, and on that day a writ of scire facias was issued directed to the sheriff of the city of tít.. Louis, returnable to the next term of the circuit court of St. Oliarles county, being on the second"Monday of May, 1925. The writ was in usual form, to show cause, why the judgment, should not be revived and the lien continued according to law. To this writ the St. Louis sheriff made a not-found return. On June 25, 1925, and during the same May term of the St. Charles County Circuit Court, that court made an order for an alias summons, again directed to the sheriff of the city of St. Louis. This was returnable on the first day of the next term, to-wit. at the October term. The alias summons was issued and nothing- further appears in the record as to this alias summons, but the record does show that, during the same term at which this summons was issued, to-wit the May term, 1925, the circuit court continued the case to the next term, to-wit, the October term, 1925. Thereafter, at the October term, 1925, the St. Charles County Circuit Court ordered another alias summons directed to the same sheriff and returnable to the May term, 1926, of said court. Under the last-mentioned order the clerk of the court on January 27, 1926, being the October term, 1925, issued another or aUas writ of scire facias directed 1o the sheriff of the city of St. Louis, returnable to the May term, 1926, of said court. The regular February term, 1926, intervened between the October term, 1925, and the May term, 1926, to which the last-mentioned writ of scire facias was made returnable. There being three terms of the circuit court of said county, beginning, respectively, on the first Monday in February, the second Monday in May and the fourth Monday in October, therefore the last-mentioned scire facias having been issued on January 27, 1926, was issued within a few days and less than fifteen days before the beginning of the February term, 1926, and hence was made returnable to the May term, 1926. During said February term, 1926, tbe court duly entered an order continuing same to the next regular May term, 1926. The scire facias writ issued on January 27, 1926, was served on the defendants on April 27, 1926, as duly appears from the sheriff’s return. Thereafter, in vacation of said court, during the May term, 1826, before the adjournment of the term, the defendants entered their special appearance and moved the court to dismiss the cause upon the ground that the court had no jurisdiction to try .same. This motion was not determined at the May term, 1926, but during that term the court again continued the cause to the October term, 1926. At the October term, 1926, the court overruled appellants’ motion to dismiss. The cause was taken up and plaintiff introduced evidence to support her right to have the. judgment revived. The defendants did not aplicar and the court ordered a revival of the judgment and the lien thereon, and ordered execution

"When this judgment, was entered, it was discovered that the return of the sheriff of the city of St. Louis to the writ of scire facias of January 27, 1926, had not been filed, and during said term the return of the sheriff was duly filed, showing service on the said writ on defendants on April 27, 1926, and it is because of the fact that the judgment of revival of December 6, 1926, was entered prior to the filing of said sheriff’s return that the court set aside the judgment and on the same day entered another judgment of revival. Again the defendants moved to set aside the judgment and a motion in arrest of judgment. Both of these motions were overruled at the next term of said court, whereupon the defendants appealed to this court.

Riveted to the exact point, if is contended by appellants that since the record disclosed that on March 14, 1925, a petition for writ of scire facias to revive the judgment was filed in the clerk’s office, and that the writ was issued and made returnable to the May term, 1925, of the circuit court, and that a non cst return was made thereon and that the May term, 1925, was suffered to elapse, and that not until tire October term, 1925, was the alias writ issued returnable to the May term, 1926, that therefore the writ was improperly issued, not being issued at the term of court to which the original writ was made returnable.

Appellants rely upon the cases of Weaver v. Woodling, supra, and Mason v. Railroad, 226 Mo. 212, 125 S. W. 1128. Counsel for respondent insist, first, that the case of Weaver v. Woodling, supra, is distinguishable, and, secondly, that if not distinguishable then same, should not be followed by this court. AYe are of the opinion that the case is not distinguishable, but we are constrained to differ with our brethren of the Kansas City Court of Appeals as to the correctness of the rule, there reached. AVe find ourselves of a directly opposite view from that expressed in that case.

The AVeaver case adopts the theory that processes must he regularly continued from term to term, and if a hiatus intervenes between the successive1 processes such will operate as a discontinuance, The Kansas City Court of Appeals in tliat ease predicated its reasoning upon the rule of the common law which at an early period fitted its practice to the position that no suiter liad any individual right to invoke the jurisdiction of the courts for the enforcement of a private right or redress for a private wrong. It was the doctrine that the right emanated from the Crown, and in order to. obtain court relief a writ had to be sued out to obtain such right in the first instance. Such writs were then issued by the clerks in chancery. It ivas not only a notice for the defendant to appear, but operated as the Crown’s mandate for the court to take jurisdiction of the case. The foundation, then, of the court’s jurisdiction ivas this writ. So, then, it was the common-laiv theory that such process would have to be continued from term to term so that the court might retain jurisdiction of the case from time to time. Under such theory the plaintiff suffered a discontinuance if he failed to continue the process from term to term. It appears, however, that such discontinuance ivas usually avoided by a fictitious entry of continuance until the process ivas served. Now do we, under our practice and modern view of the laiv and our Statute of Jeofails, find ourselves still planted upon this ancient rule, or should we not hold that this old rule has no place in our reformed procedure which has departed from and modernized the old law of procedure and made the rule of reason fit our present practice under our statutes? We can see no foundation in reason or in our present law of procedure for the theory that processes must be continued from term to term or sued out each term in order to keep the cause alive. Our experience teaches us that such has not been the understanding of the Bar generally.

Section 1550, Revised Statutes, Missouri 19.19, provides, inter alia, that no judgment shall be reversed or affected by reason of an imperfection of defect (fifth subdivision) “for any mispleading, miscontinuance or discontinuance, insufficient pleading, jeofail or misjoining issue.” We think a, proper construction of that statute forces an acceptance of the view that it ivas there intended to avoid a suffering of a discontinuance under circumstances such as is referred to in the Weaver case, supra, and as we have before us in the case at bar.

The case of Mason v. Railroad, supra, involved the right of plaintiff to bring a new suit upon the same cause of action within one year , after the demurrer ivas sustained to the evidence and the taking of an involuntary nonsuit.

Wetmore v. Crouch, 188 Mo. 647, 87 S. W. 954, decided, as we read it, that the statute with reference to bringing a suit after a nonsuit applied as well to voluntary as to involuntary nonsuits.

In Pitkin v. Flagg, 198 Mo. 646, 97 S. W. 162, the trial court warned plaintiff’s counsel at a previous term of the failure to diligently prosecute the suit, and at such subsequent term dismissed the guit for failure tQ diligently prosecute. The plaintiff there had filed a lis pendens as to certain real estate. He was keeping the suit on the docket without making any effort to obtain service, either personal or constructive. The Supreme Court, after reviewing the situation, said that in that sort of a case certainly the litigants were entitled to a speedy trial and that the trial court Aras justified in dismissing the action because the plaintiff “has slioii'n no diligence in his prosecution.”

We have in mind that section 1275, Revised Statutes Missouri, 1919, provides that AAdiere there is failure to reneAv process at each term as to any defendant, the plaintiff may dismiss as to such defendant, and subsequently bring in such defendant as a neAV party and have him summoned. That still does not impel a discontinuance of the case for failure to keep process in issuance at each term.

Noay in Parsons v. Hill, 15 A. D. C. 532 (Dist. of Columbia), it is pointedly ruled that Ai'here there is a non est return upon an original summons, it is not necessary for the plaintiff in order to keep the suit alive to sue out successii'e Avrits of summons at interval terms or,to enter continuance until the defendant can be served. The opinion is Arery instructive. It refers to the common-laAY practice, but accepts the vieAY that there is uoav a very radical departure from the ancient rule, and that this Avas effected by the act of Congress creating the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, giving it poiver to establish rules or practice. And in adopting such rulé of civil procedure, the opinion declares that such modern vieAV cannot be deemed to be antagonistic to common right AA'hen common sentiment everyAA'here' has demanded a change as against such old rule. Our practice is very similar to the practice there, and the reason set forth in the Parsons case, supra, is forceful and Ave folloAv it. What purpose is served by continual and uninterrupted Avrits of summons Avhen it is known they cannot be actually served? Plaintiff, for instance, knows that the defendant is- aAvav from the jurisdiction or cannot be serA'ed for other sufficient reasons. Why should plaintiff be burdened with an utterly useless endeavor and make unnecessary costs attach to the litigation AA'hen it could not possibly benefit anyone? The docket would be constantly cluttered, as that court said, with entries of conspicuous inutility. The opinion in the Parsons case is so exhaustive and complete that Ave are convinced after reading it that under our practice in this State, and especially under the Statute of Jeofails, Ave cannot hold that a discontinuance Avas suffered in this case.

The Parsons ease was again folloAYed in Bliss v. Duncan, 44 A. D. C. 93. While it is true, those cases are bottomed upon the rule of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, Ave think éxactly the same situation arises under our code of Civil Procedure. Nothing appears in our code, Ave think, Aldrich ivarrants holding otherwise.

We shall not discuss the argument made Ai'ith reference to the distinction of the case at bar from Weaver v. Woodling, supra, because we confess avc see no distinction in so far as tbe point exactly decided is concerned.

Wc have these further observations to make, lioAA’ever: It should be borne in mind that a discontinuance, generally speaking, is a failure to continue the case regularly from day to day and from term to term from the commencement of the suit until final judgment. Discontinuance results Avhere there is a necessity of continuance to be promptly entered. Tlie Avord “continuance” is defined by the lexicographers as an admission of postponement of action pending in court to a subsequent day or another term. It is not absolutely necessary to enter a continuance in every particular case; a general continuance of all (-ases undisposed of at the end of the term Avill prevent a discontinuance. It is only necessary that no disposition has been made of the ease, and where the eases undisposed of at the end of the term are continued by a general order, there is no discontinuance in any sense of the Avord. A voluntary discontinuance is a A’oluntary action on the part of plaintiff whereby his ease goes out of court Avithout a decision on the merits. Noav, there can be no discontinuance, or strictly speaking, involuntary discontinuance Avhere all eases on the docket are continued at the end of the term as being undisposed of. H may be that a litigant may not have a special order of continuance appearing of record of his particular case, and if he had not sued out an alias summons his case Avould still stand continued if all the cases are continued by the court to the next term.

18 Corpus Juris, at page 1204, section 137, recites that under the common Irav there would be a discontinuance where the plaintiff neglected to obtain the continuance, yet it is generality held under the codes and practice acts in the States that a failure to make an entry in the cause, except regular continuances made at the end of the term., will not work a discontinuance of the suit. [See, also, Johnson v. Ditty (Tenn.), 7 Yerg. 85; Gillespie v. Redmond, 13 Texas, 9; Ex parte Driver, 51 Ala. 41; Gilbert v. Hardwick, 11 Ga. 599.]

It appeal’s, too, that under the common huv of England and the act of Parliament as it stood at the time it adopted same, the practice relating to discontinuance liad become obsolete and attention was paid to same only when defendants came in and pleaded the Statute, of Limitation. Tn this event, it seems the court directed the clerk to enter fictitious entries of continuances or process from term to term, and thus cured the default. Except Avhen the Statute of Limitation Avas invoHcd, these implied or involuntary discontinuances arising from the. failure to continue process were Aiholly disregarded by the courts of England. It may be that failure to keep process alive is evidence of a failure to prosecute diligently under certain circumstances, hut such failure does not in itself necessarily work a’ discontinuance in all cases.

Respondent’s motion to dismiss the appeal has been considered and is by us overruled.

We are constrained therefore to sustain the lower court and to rule that the judgment must be affirmed. However, since we deem our decision in conflict with the opinion of the Kansas City Court of Appeals in Weaver v. Woodling, 272 S. W. 373, it is our constitutional duty to certify this case to the Supreme Court for final decision. It is so ordered.

Becker and Nipper, JJ., concur.  