
    Pittsburgh Carbon Co., Limited, v. McMillin.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department.
    
    June 22, 1889.)
    Corporations—Illegal Combinations—Estoppel to Plead.
    A corporation that has entered into an illegal “trust” combination is estopped from setting up the illegality of the combination in an action against the receiver of the “trust. ”
    Appeal from special term, Erie county.
    Action by the Pittsburgh Carbon Company, (Limited,) against the Brush Electric Light Company, for goods sold and delivered. Frank C. McMillin, as receiver of the United Carbon Companies, laid claim to the debt, and was substituted as defendant, the original defendant being discharged on depositing the amount due for the goods. The substituted defendant obtained judgment for the money, and plaintiff appeals.
    Argued before Barker, P. J., and Dwight and Macomber, JJ.
    
      G. 8. Grosser, for appellant. Ansley Wiloox, for respondent.
   Macomber, J.

This appeal presents questions arising upon exceptions only, and not upon the case. Prior to the 1st day of March, 1887, the plaintiff liad a contract for supplying the Brush Electric Light Company of Buffalo with certain electric light carbons, as they should be required. In the month of March, 1887, the plaintiff, together with eight other companies manufacturing electric light carbons, entered into an agreement by which the business of the nine companies should be exclusively managed and directed by one Edward G. Hawks. Between the 30th day of April, 1887, and the 27th day of June, 1887, the plaintiff furnished to the Brush Electric Light Company electric light carbons, in several installments, at a contract price of $1,080, which sum, at the time of the beginning of the action, was unpaid. Hawks was subsequently superseded as the manager of this trust or combination by one D. A. Dangler, of Cleveland, Ohio. From this time to the appointment of the defendant as receiver the combination or organization of said nine companies was known as the “United Carbon Companies.” In the month of June, 1887, the plaintiff notified the Brush Electric Light Company of Buffalo that it should no longer continue its combination or relation with the other companies after the 1st day of July of that year, and subsequently claimed that the Brush Electric Light Company of Buffalo should pay directly to the plaintiff, and not to the trustee or agent of the several combined companies, the amount owing by it for the electric light carbons. Payment not being made, this action was brought. The defendant, McMillin, was appointed receiver of the United Carbon Companies by a court of competent jurisdiction in the state of Ohio, upon the ground that, as an organization or combination, it was insolvent, owing a large number of debts. Such receiver also brought an action against the Brush Electric Light Company, to recover for the same cause of action stated above; whereupon the two actions were consolidated, and the receiver made the defendant in place of the Brush Electric Light Company, upon the latter depositing the amount claimed against it by the present parties to this action.

The principal argument advanced by the counsel for the appellant is based upon the proposition that, inasmuch as the original combination or trust of the nine manufacturing companies was an illegal combination, no action by the receiver of such combination can be maintained to enforce any liability to it. It seems to us, however, that the plaintiff is not in a position which will enable it to assert successfully the invalidity of the original illegal v.6N.Y.s.no.2—28 contract, and thus prevent the payment to the receiver of such combination of the debts justly due to it. The receiver represents, primarily, the creditors of the insolvent combination, as well as the combination itself, together with the stockholders and parties who may be interested in the payment of the debts. He is empowered to recover the assets of the combination, wherever they are to be found. In him are united all the rights of the creditors and of the parties interested in the combination. This combination or trust, so called, was a combination of several incorporated companies or copartnerships, and was itself a copartnership composed of such companies. Though its general purpose was unlawful under the common law7, as administered alike in Ohio and New York, yet the court is not powerless, when set in motion, to interpose its hand, and save whatever property there may be in the copartnership for the protection of innocent creditors. The plaintiff cannot take advantage of its own participation in this wrong, and deny its liability to any of the creditors, to w'hich the combination, if it had been a lawful body, would have been liable. Bach company composing the trust or consolidated copartnership was separately liable to all creditors of the trust for the payment of its just debts. Any one of the creditors represented by this receiver could have maintained an action against this plaintiff, or against any other member of the concern as a copartner, to recover whatever indebtedness the copartnership owed to him. The creditors of the trust are not in any sense in pari delicto with the several contracting companies. Under these circumstances, the receiver stands in a light much more favorable than the combined copartnership of which he was appointed receiver, for the simple reason that he is charged w'ith the duty of distributing the assets among the lawful creditors of the concern. The judgment should be affirmed, with costs.  