
    Barnes et al. v. Blake et al.
    
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department.
    
    January 13, 1891.)
    1. Partition—Parties.
    Under Code Civil Proc. N. Y. § 1538, which, provides that “every person having an undivided share, in possession or otherwise, in the property as tenant in fee, for life, by the curtesy, or for years; every person entitled ■ to the reversion, remainder, or inheritance of an undivided share, after the determination of a particular estate therein; every person who, by any contingency contained in a devise or grant or otherwise, is or may become entitled to a beneficial interest in an undivided share thereof; every person having an inchoate right of dower in an undivided share in the property; and every person having a right of dower in the property, or any part thereof, which has not been admeasured,—must be made a party to an action for partition, ” a husband should not be joined, as ten ant by the curtesy initiate, as a co-defendant with his wife, a tenant in common with others, in a suit for partition of the common property, he being neither expressly nor by intendment included in the provision.
    2. Pleading—Demurrer—Misjoinder of Defendants.
    As Code Civil Proc. N. Y. § 488, providing for demurrers to complaints, does not authorize such a demurrer for a misjoinder of defendants, the remedy of a defendant improperly made a party is by answer or disclaimer, not hv demurrer on the ground that the complaint does not state a cause of action.
    
      Appeal from special term, Yew York county.
    Action by Alfred C. Barnes and others against Frederick D. Blake and others for partition. Defendant Frederick D. Blake appeals from an interlocutory judgment overruling his demurrer to the complaint.
    Argued before Van Brunt, P. J., and Brady and Daniels, JJ.
    
      C. Bainbridge Smith, for appellant. Flamen B. Candler, for respondents.
   Daniels, J.

The defendant Frederick D. Blake has been made a defendant in this action, which is for the partition of real estate, upon the allegation that he was a tenant by the curtesy initiate, as the husband of the defendant Sarah Frances Blake, who is one of the tenants in common. The demurrer was served on the ground that the complaint stated no cause of action against him, and that objection seems to be well founded, for the law has not authorized nor required the husband to be made a party to an action of partition, when his wife may be interested in the property to be divided. Who are to be made parties has been declared by section 1538 of the Code of Civil Procedure. That' section does provide for making the wife a party, for the reason that she has an inchoate right of dower. That is an existing right, which may develop into a title, and surely will do so on the decease of the husband leaving his wife surviving him, unless she "previously released her interest in the land. But with the husband the case is entirely different, for he can have no interest or right until the decease of bis wife, and only then in case there has been issue, born alive, capable of inheriting the land. Her conveyance, or divestment of title, during her life, will prevent the estate by way of curtesy from ever coming into existence. 3 Rev. St. (6th Ed.) p. 159, § 75 et seq. And it is doubtless for that reason that the husband, by this section, has not been permitted to be made a party until he shall first have become a tenant by the curtesy. If it had been intended that he should previously be brought in as a party, the section would have so declared, as it has in the case of the wife having an inchoate right of dower. The requirement that she shall be a party, and the omission of it in the case of the husband, is significant evidence of the intention to exclude him until he shall be in fact, as the section has declared, an actual tenant by the curtesy. This construction is not only supported by the language of the section, but it is further maintained by section 450 of the same Code, declaring that “it is not necessary or proper to join her husband with her as a party in any action or special proceeding affecting her separate property.” These sections are entirely harmonious, and require the husband to be excluded as a party. The husband in this case is not a person who, by any contingency contained in any devise or grant or otherwise, is or may become entitled to a beneficial interest in an undivided interest in the property; for by no devise, grant, or other instrument was such a contingency ever created. And in the connection in which the words, “or otherwise,” have been used, that is the construction required to be placed upon them. Lewis v. Smith, 9 N. Y. 502, 520. They were added to include any like or similar source of a contingent interest, and not to include a mere possibility that the husband of a tenant in common may outlive his wife, and, after issue born alive of the marriage, may finally become a tenant by the curtesy. This construction is also supported by the omission specifically to provide for his being made a party, when the the fact was within the legislative contemplation in framing the section, and his presence was only provided for as a party, after he should in fact become a tenant by the curtesy; and this construction was adopted in Mapes v. Brown, 14 Abb. N. C. 94; and to the like effect is Trustees v. Roth, 18 Wkly. Dig. 459. But the fact that this defendant was not either a proper or necessary party did not authorize him to demur to the complaint on the ground taken in his behalf, for it did very clearly state a cause of action for the partition of this real estate; and the complaint, therefore, was not liable to the objection mentioned in the demurrer. It is only when the complaint “does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action” that a demurrer in this form can be sustained. But that is not the condition of this complaint. It does state a cause of action which is sufficient to exclude it from this subdivision of section 488 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Foulks v. Foulks, 6 N. Y. Supp. 112. The only class of cases in which a demurrer has been authorized by section 488 of the Code of Civil Procedure for an excess of parties is where there is a misjoinder of plaintiffs. The misjoinder of defendants was not deemed so serious a defect as to require a demurrer for its redress. It has therefore been left, as it stood under the former system of practice, to be corrected by answer, by way of disclaimer where the party has no interest in the subject of the action. The special term should not only have overruled, but also dismissed, the demurrer, as improperly served; and the order should be so modified, and, as modified, affirmed, with costs.

Brady, J., concurs.

Van Brunt, P. J.

I concur in the result of Mr. Justice Daniels’ opinion only. It seems to me that, as the learned judge has thought it necessary to discuss so elaborately the question as to whether the husband is a necessary party, it is apparent that he was a proper party, as in a partition suit every person is a proper party who may have even only a colorable claim.  