
    Joseph De Vau, Resp’t, v. The Pennsylvania & New York Canal & Railroad Co., App’lt.
    
    
      Court of Appeals, Second Division,
    
    
      Filed October 20, 1891.)
    
    Master and servant—Negligence—Charge.
    Plaintiff, while working for defendant alongside of gravel cars which were being unloaded by means of a heavy plow worked by the engine, was injured by the plow falling from the car upon him. In an action to recover for such injuries it appeared that the plow had fallen off several times before, but the evidence did not tend to show any reason for its doing so, nor did it show any defect in its original construction or want of proper repair, or that there was any known appliance better adapted for the purpose. The court charged that it was for the jury to determine whether the plow and appliances were properly constructed, reasonably proper, and would they ordinarily perform the duties which they were designed to perform without accidents of any character, and if they were not plaintiff was entitled to recover. Held, error; as the jury were thus permitted to find that the falling of the plow from the car was owing to the fault of defendant from the simple fact that an accident had occurred, without any evidence of negligent or unskillful construction or failure to keep in repair.
    Appeal from a judgment of the general term of the superior court of the city of Buffalo, rendered in favor of the plaintiff for $1,238.10 damages and costs, and overruling exceptions taken on the trial and ordered heard at the general term in the first instance.
    
      F. Brundage, for app’lt; Charles A. Pooley, for resp’t.
    
      
       Reversing 27 N. Y. State Rep., 573.
    
   Parker, J.

Whether at the close of the testimony a question was presented which the plaintiff was entitled to have submitted to the jury need not be considered, because error in the charge as made requires a reversal of the judgment. The plaintiff while in the employ of the defendant, and on the 22d day of October, 1887, was struck by a dirt plow as it fell off one of the cars from which earth and gravel were being removed by its use, resulting in very severe injuries.

It appears that the defendant was filling a trestle between Clinton and Seneca streets in the city of Buffalo with material brought from Cheektowaga, a few miles away. The cars were loaded with a steam shovel, and men were employed to remove from the material placed on the cars all large stones, for greater safety in unloading. The cars were then run to the trestle and unloaded with an iron machine called a plow. It was about twenty-four feet long and rested upon four wheels. A mould-board, jointed and flanged, from three to three and one-half feet high, made of boiler iron, was bolted to the beam of the plow. This beam was about twelve inches wide and eight inches thick, and ran its entire length; iron v braces ran across and it was bridged with boiler iron. At the bottom was an iron shoe, covered with a steel plate. This plow was located on the last car of the train, and when the trestle was reached six of the cars in fhe latter portion of the train were separated from the rest of the train and tied to the trestle. On one side of the cars, and extending the whole length, was bolted a piece of timber about eight inches square called a guard-rail, and after the cars had been fastened to the trestle the engine was hitched to the plow by a cable and the plow, which weighed from two to three tons, and in addition had piled upon it from four to five tons of railroad iron, was drawn along over the car, one side running next to the guard-rail of the car and the other, or mould-board side, crowding the dirt off the car. If any obstructions should cause the plow to be raised above the guardrail the pressure of the earth on the mould-board side woul d necessarily force the plow off the car onto the ground.

On the day of the accident the plow had been drawn over one car, and was either entering upon or was partially on the second cai’, when it was suddenly raised up over the guard-rail and thrown to the ground.

Plaintiff’s witnesses testified that the plow had fallen off on several occasions before this. • It does not appear from the evidence that there was at the time any known appliance better adapted for the purpose for which it was used than this plow, nor did the evidence of the plaintiff point out any defect in the original construction or suggest that it was not in perfect repair, nor did it tend to furnish any reason for the plow’s jumping from the car.

On the part of the defendant the evidence tended to show that it was occasioned by a large stone becoming wedged between the first and second cars so as to cause the plow to be raised up above the guard-rail, the pressure of the earth then forcing it over the side of the car. Clearly, then, the evidence did not authorize the j ury to find that the master, in the use which it attempted to make of this plow, failed to discharge its duty to the plaintiff in that it omitted to provide suitable machinery and appliances with which to perform the work. But the court nevertheless instructed the jury: “Mow, it is for you to determine, was this plow properly constructed, in your judgment? There is no proof in this case as to how other cars or other plows are constructed, or whether this is better or worse than other cars or other plows. You are somewhat in the dark, but you must determine it; was this plow and these appliances properly constructed, reasonably proper, and would they ordinarily perform the duties which they were designed to perform, without accidents of any character f If it was not of such a construction, then you will pass on to the question of damages, and the plaintiff is entitled to recover.”

The jury were thus permitted to find from the fact that an accident occurred, without any evidence whatever of negligent or unskillful construction, or a failure to keep that which was originally properly constructed in repair, that the falling of the plow from the car was owing to the fault of the defendant. Indeed, the jury must have so found, for the charge of the court was silent as to any other ground on which to found a liability on the part of the defendant.

As this portion of the charge was excepted to by the defendant, the judgment should be reversed.

Judgment reversed and new trial granted, costs to abide event

All concur.  