
    BALTIMORE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY vs. TRUSTEES OF THE WOODBERRY AVENUE M. E. CHURCH.
    
      Charitable Trust — Indefinite Beneficiaries — Members of Religious Denomination — Resulting Trust — Adverse Possession.
    
    A trust attempted to be created by a lease to individuals, in trust to bold the house erected on the property for a place of worship for the use of members of a named religious denomination, was invalid by reason of the indefiniteness of the beneficiaries named. pp. 604, 607
    A rent of one cent, reserved on a lease to individuals in trust for the members of a named religious denomination, not representing the rental value of the property and not importing any intention on the lessors’ part to benefit the lessees in case the trust failed, and it not being paid, and the trust having failed, the lessees held the property subject to a resulting trust for the benefit of the lessors, with a right in the latter to re-enter immediately and divest the lessees of all interest in the property acquired under the lease. p. 608
    Where, by reason of the failure of a trust sought to be declared by a lease in favor of the members of a religious denomination, the trustees named held the property subject to a resulting trust for the lessors’ benefit, with a right in the latter to re-enter immediately, the lessors’ failure to exercise that right, coupled with adverse possession by the trustees, for over twenty years, for the benefit of an incorporated congregation of that denomination, resulted in vesting a legal estate in such trustees and their survivors or survivor, and an equitable estate in the church corporation. pp. 608, 609
    
      Decided June 29th, 1925.
    
    Appeal from the Circuit Court of Baltimore City (Sol-tee, J.).
    
      Bill by the Trustees of the Woodberry Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church of the Oity of Baltimore, a corporation, against the Bíaltimore Life Insurance Company of Baltimore Oity. From a decree for plaintiff, defendant appeal's.
    Affirmed.
    The cause was argued before Bond, O. L, PAttison, Adkins, Oeedtt, Parke, and Walsh, J\T.
    
      Alfred 8. Niles, and George 8. Yost, submitting on brief, for the appellant.
    
      Chester F. Morrow, for the appellee.
   Pattison, J,,

delivered the opinion of the Court.

On April 27th, 183'6, Joseph Turner, Jr., and wife leased unto Luther J. Oos a tract of land lying and being in Baltimore County, containing approximately one hundred and thirty-one acre's, reserving an annual rent of $1,200. On March 4th, 1848, Horatio H. Gambrill and others, who were at .that time the holders of said leasehold property, demised, by way of sub-lease, reserving an annual rent of -one cent if demanded, that part of said land upon which the buildings of the Woodberry Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church have since 'been erected, then in Baltimore County, but now in Baltimore Oity, to Richard Hook, D'avid Carroll, John Gambrill, John Wooden, Richard Armaeost, Amos A. Oox, Isaac Crouther, Bennett Walker and William Lynch, their executors, administrators and assigns, as joint tenants in trust:

“that they shall hold the house erected and built thereon as and for a house or place of worship for the use of the members of the Methodist .Episcopal Church in the United States of America according to the rules and discipline which from time to time may be agreed upon and adopted by the ministers and preachers of the said church at their General Conferences in the United States of America, and in further trust and confidence that they shall at all times forever hereafter permit such, ministers and preachers belonging to the said church as shall from time to time he duly authorized by the General Conferences of the Ministers and Preachers of the said Methodist Episcopal Church or by the annual Conferences authorized by the said General Conference to preach and expound God’s holy word therein * * * and in further trust and confidence that whenever the said trustees herein before named and constituting the parties hereto of the second part shall be reduced either by death, removal, resignation or ceasing to be members of the said church according to the rules of discipline as aforesaid to the number of one, such surviving or remaining trustee, bis executors, administrators or assigns shall forthwith convey the said land and premises with the appurtenances to nine other trustees appointed or to he appointed in manner aforesaid, their executors, administrators and assigns as joint tenants for the like uses and purposes and subject to the same conditions and limitations as are herein mentioned, expressed and declared. And upon the further trust that the said trustees and their successors shall and will keep the house or church now standing on said land in good order and repair and in the event of the same being destroyed by fire or otherwise shall and will rebuild the same for the uses and purposes herein expressed, and also that the said trustees and their successors shall and will permit the lower story of the said house to he used daily as and for a schoolroom to be under the control, superintendence and management of said trustees and their successors.”

After the date of the sub-lease, one William E. Hooper .■acquired both the leasehold and reversionary interest in ail of said land leased by Turner to- Cox, as a result of which, the original rent, subject to which the sub-lessors held the property leased by them, became merged and extinguished, .and it is conceded that thereafter the land and premises leased to the sub-lessees were subject only to the one-eent rent.

The church was not incorporated at the time of the sublease to the trustees, and was not incorporated until August 2Sth, 1814, when it was incorporated as “The Trustees of theWoodberry Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church of Baltimore County.” On December 29th, 1905, there was an amendment of its charter, by which, its name was changed to-“The Trustees of the Wotodberry Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church of the City of Baltimore,” and it was provided therein that “all lands -and tenements, goods and chattels now-vested in the corporation or in fhe trustees for the use of said church, and' all other property belonging to the corporation or that may hereafter belong to same, shall be vested in the-corporate body and their successors forever.”

Ho conveyance ■ of the property mentioned in the sublease of 1848 was1 ever made by the trustees therein named or ■ the survivor of them.

On August 16th, 1920, the Hopkins Place Savings Bank, agreed to make a mortgage loan of $10,000 upon the property described in said, suh-lease of 1848, but upon examination of the title it was thought to be defective by those making -the investigation for and on behalf of tbe Hopkins Place ■ Savings Bank, and the latter refused to make the loan.

Thereafter, on the 20th day of March, 1922, a deed was-executed by all the heirs at -law and next of kin of Richard. Hook, the last surviving grantee in the suh-lease of 1848,. conveying to the -appellee, the Trustees of the Woodberry Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church of the City of Baltimore, its successors and assigns, “all of their, and each of their, right, title, interest, Maim or demand in, to or out of' the property mentioned and -described in-the suh-lease aforesaid.” 0-f the fifty-four grantors in said deed four were-then, and at the time of the filing of the bill hereinafter mentioned1, infants under the age of twenty-one years.

On June 2nd, 1924, after tbe execution and recording of" said] deed, tbe appellee entered into an -agreement with the-appellant, tbe Baltimore Life Insurance Company of Bialtimore City, by which the latter agreed to lend to it the sum of $10,00'0, to- be secured by a first mortgage upon the property mentioned in the aforesaid suh-lease of 1848, upon the:■express condition that the title to said property should be a •good and marketable title in fee-simple.

After an investigation of the title by the appellant it was held by it to be defective, not only because of the infancy of the parties above named, but for other reasons therein mentioned, and it refused to comply with the terms >of its agreement.

If was then that the appellee filed its bill on the 20th day •of June, 1924, alleging the facts above stated and asking (1) that a decree be passed appointing a trustee to convey to it the legal title to the property leased under the aforesaid sublease of 184-8, and described in its bill of complaint, which was attempted to be conveyed to it by said infant defendants in the deed above mentioned; (2) that, the appellee be declared to be seised of said property in fee-simple free' of any claim of the infant children or any of them, either1 a,t law1 or in equity; and (3) that by its decree the Baltimore Life Insurance Company of Baltimore City be ordered to specifically perform, its contract made with the appellant and to pay over and deliver to it the sum of $10,000, upon the execution and delivery to the appellant of a mortgage conveying said property to the appellant in fee-simple to secure the payment of said loan.

The appellants filed their answer to said bill, stating a-number of reasons why the property sought to be mortgaged to secure the loan was not held by the appellee in fee-simple. Evidence was thereafter taken on the bill and answer, and, on March 2nd, 192'5, the court decreed the relief prayed for in the bill. It is from that decree that the appeal in this case is taken.

It is conceded that, under the decisions of this Court, the trust attempted to be created by the above-mentioned deed of lease failed because of the too vague and indefinite designation of the beneficiaries named therein. Church Extension of M. E. Church v. Smith, 56 Md. 397; Isaac v. Emory, 64 Md. 333; Sharp Street Station v. Rother, 83 Md. 289; Trustees etc. v. Jackson Square M. E. Church, 84 Md. 173; Rother v. Sharp Street Station, 85 Md. 528; Regent v. Calvary Church, 104 Md. 635, and other cases.

The trust being void, it is next to be decided what effect is-to be given to the sub-lease in respect to tbe rights of the-parties thereto. The annual rental of one cent, which' was a mere nominal rent, not representing the rental value of the property, and not importing any intention on the part of the-lessors to benefit the grantees or lessees in case the trust failed, was no.t paid, as disclosed by the record, and the sub-lessees took no beneficial interest or estate in the property described in tbe sub-lease, but held it merely subject to a resulting trust for the benefit of the grantors or sub-lessors, with a right to- them to re-enter immediately and divest the1 suib-lessees of all interest or rights, if any, acquired by them.under the sub-lease, Perry, Trusts, secs. 159, 160.

And their failure to exercise such right, if coupled with -an adverse holding by the sub-lessees, for‘and on behalf of the-church or congregation, for tbe required statutory period,, would defeat any and all rights they bad in tbe property. Tbe que'stion, therefore, arises, Was there an adverse bolding, in this case by tbe sub-lessees, working out such result ?

Tbe evidence discloses that, shortly before the execution of' tbe sub-lease in 1848, tbe congregation, now. knoAvn as tbe Woodberry Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, was organized, and after tbe execution of the sub-lease tbe congregation, through the sub-lessees, its trustees, acting for and on its behalf, took possession, control and management of the-property, without paying, or being called upon to pay, so-far as tbe record discloses, any rent therefor. Thereafter the-sub-lessees, acting for the congregation, erected a church, building upon the property, which was paid for out of the-funds of tbe congregation, -the -corner-stone of Which was laid, in 1867, by which tbe clmreh’s- claim of ownership was made-known to all, including the grantors or sub-lessors aforesaid. In 1874 tbe congregation was incorporated and its property thereafter taken over by the corporation acting through the-sub-lessees, its trustees, and the said sub-lessees, who, since-the execution of said sub-lease in 1848, bad continuously held the same for and on behalf of the congregation under an open, notorious and adverse claim: of ownership, thereafter in like manner held possession, control and management thereof for the corporation for a period of more than twenty years, as a result of which the sublessees, their survivors or survivor, acquired the legal title, and the appellee an equitable estate, in said property. That such were the interests or estates acquired by the sublessees and the corporation in said property is shown, we think, by the decision of this Court in Trustees v. Jackkson Square Church, supra, where it is said, in a case where the trust was held void for indefiniteness, that “when they (the grantees in the deed there involved) assigned this property on the 1st of July, 1876, to the Jackson Square Church, by which it had already been improved and used, they conveyed the legal title to the party for whose benefit the lease had been made. This assignment operated to vest both the legal and equitable ownership' in the Jackson Square Church.”

The court,'in our opinion, committed no error in granting the decree appealed from, and it will therefore be affirmed.

Decree affirmed, with costs.  