
    UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Salvatore J. CARTELLI, Jr., Albert D. LaTouche, Defendants-Appellants.
    Nos. 05-1294-cr (Lead), 05-1447-cr (Con), 05-1459-cr (Con).
    United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
    April 4, 2008.
    
      Jonathan J. Einhorn, New Haven, CT, for Appellant Cartelli.
    Jeffrey Kestenband, Tindall, Stratton & Kestenband, Waterbury, CT, for Appellant Latouche.
    Calvin B. Kurimai, Assistant United States Attorney, for Kevin J. O’Connor, United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut, New Haven, CT, for Appel-lee.
    PRESENT: Hon. WILFRED FEINBERG, Hon. PETER W. HALL, Circuit Judges, Hon. LEONARD B. SAND, District Judge.
    
    
      
       The Honorable Leonard B. Sand, United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation.
    
   SUMMARY ORDER

Defendants-Appellants Salvatore J. Cartelli, Jr. and Albert D. LaTouche appeal from judgments of conviction on nine counts of mail fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1341, following a jury trial, entered on March 11, 2005 and March 18, 2005, respectively, in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (Underhill, J.). Cartelli was sentenced principally to a term of 42 months’ imprisonment, and LaTouche was sentenced principally to a term of 33 months’ imprisonment. The court imposed joint and several liability on both defendants for restitution in the amount of $757,000. Cartelli’s appeal includes an appeal from a separate conviction for credit card fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1029(a)(5), which was consolidated with the mail fraud case for sentencing purposes. We assume the parties’ familiai’ity with the underlying facts and procedural history of the cases.

On appeal, Cartelli raises two issues: first, that the district court erred in vertically and horizontally departing from the Sentencing Guidelines range in sentencing him to 42 months’ imprisonment, and second, that the district court abused its discretion in denying his motion for a mistrial based on the publicity generated by a U.S. Attorney’s Office press release prior to the completion of all jury deliberations. La-Touche also raises two issues on appeal: (1) the district court erred in providing a “no ultimate harm” instruction as part of the jury charge, and (2) the district court abused its discretion in declining to hold a hearing to investigate conversations two of the jurors may have had with them wives. We address the issues in turn, consolidating the two allegations of juror taint.

A. Cartelli’s Enhanced Sentence

Cartelli argues that the district court erred in vertically departing from the Guidelines calculated offense level of 18 to a higher offense level that included in its range 42 months’ imprisonment. We review the sentence imposed by the district court for both substantive and procedural reasonableness. United States v. Rattoballi, 452 F.3d 127, 131 (2d Cir.2006). We review the district court’s “exercises of discretion for abuse of discretion.” United States v. Selioutsky, 409 F.3d 114, 119 (2d Cir.2005). The district court based its vertical departure on application note 11 under U.S.S.G. § 2F1.1 of the 1998 version of the Sentencing Guidelines, the version applied in this case. Application note 11 provides, “[i]n cases in which the loss determined under subsection (b)(1) does not fully capture the harmfulness and seriousness of the conduct, an upward departure may be warranted.” This Court has noted that the factors in application note 11 are “encouraged factor[s],” meaning that “the court is authorized to depart if the applicable Guideline does not already take [them] into account.” United States v. Karro, 257 F.3d 112, 121 (2d Cir.2001) (quoting Koon v. United States, 518 U.S. 81, 96, 116 S.Ct. 2035, 135 L.Ed.2d 392 (1996)). In light of the victims’ statements of the additional harms they suffered from the crimes, which went beyond mere monetary losses, the district court was within its discretion to depart vertically in consideration of those non-monetary harms.

Cartelli further argues that the district court erred in horizontally departing from the Guidelines when it increased Cartelli’s criminal history from category I to category II, contending that by doing so the district court eliminated any benefit Car-telli might have received by the consolidation of the two convictions for sentencing purposes and the grouping of offenses under U.S.S.G. § 3D1.2(d). In authorizing departures from a Guidelines calculated Criminal History Category, U.S.S.G. § 4A1.3 provides that “[i]f the information indicates that the criminal history category does not adequately reflect the seriousness of the defendant’s past criminal conduct or the likelihood that the defendant will commit other crimes, the court may consider imposing a sentence departing from the otherwise applicable guideline range.” While the district court acknowledged that but for the fortuity of the timing of the two convictions, Cartelli would not have received the benefit of starting with Criminal History Category I, this was not the district court’s sole basis for its upward departure. The district court’s decision to horizontally depart was also based on Car-telli’s prior uncharged conduct, his abandonment of legitimate employment in favor of engaging in fraud, and his high likelihood of recidivism. We cannot find that the district court exceeded its allowable discretion in finding that Criminal History Category I did not adequately represent Cartelli’s past criminal history and in departing horizontally to Criminal History Category II.

B. “No Ultimate Harm” Instruction

LaTouche argues that the district court erred in giving a “no ultimate harm” charge to the jury because the charge improperly defined the specific intent necessary to constitute that element of the offense. In support of his argument, La-Touche relies on our ruling in United States v. Rossomando, 144 F.3d 197 (2d Cir.1998), where this Court found error in the use of a “no ultimate harm” instruction. LaTouche’s arguments, however, fail to consider our subsequent rulings in United States v. Koh, 199 F.3d 632 (2d Cir.1999), and United States v. Berkovich, 168 F.3d 64 (2d Cir.1999), in which we upheld the use of “no ultimate harm” instructions. As in Berkovich, the instruction in this case was proper because (1) there was sufficient factual predicate to necessitate the instruction, (2) the instruction clearly required that in order to convict the jury must find that LaTouche had entered into the scheme with the intent to defraud, and (3) there was no evidence that the instruction caused the jury to be confused about the issue of intent. See Berkovich, 168 F.3d at 67. We find no error in the district court’s use of the “no ultimate harm” instruction as part of the jury charge given in this case.

C’ Juror Taint

Cartelli argues that the district court abused its discretion in denying the motion for a mistrial based on the U.S. Attorney’s Office’s press release and subsequent newspaper articles that followed the jury’s determination that the defendants were guilty of the crimes charged but preceded the jury’s final calculation of the loss amount. “A district court’s decision regarding juror impartiality is reviewed for abuse of discretion and deserves deference.” United States v. McDonough, 56 F.3d 381, 386 (2d Cir.1995) “[Ajbsent evidence to the contrary, we presume that jurors remain true to their oath and conscientiously observe the instructions and admonitions of the court.” United States v. Rosario, 111 F.3d 293 (2d Cir.1997) (quoting United States v. Easter, 981 F.2d 1549, 1553 (10th Cir. 1992)). When the issue of the press release was raised before the district court, it properly undertook the three-step procedure laid out in United States v. Gaggi, 811 F.2d 47 (2d Cir.1987), for determining “what effect, if any, [the potentially prejudicial publicity] has had on that juror’s ability to decide the case fairly,” id. at 51. The district court individually questioned the five jurors who had knowledge of the press coverage, asking what knowledge they had and if the coverage had entered into then* deliberations. Each juror stated that the press coverage had no bearing on his or her remaining deliberations. The court was, therefore, well within its discretion to find that the jury remained impartial. Upon review, Cartel-li has made no showing which would cause us to reject the presumption that jurors are truthful, see United States v. Cox, 324 F.3d 77, 87 (2d Cir.2003), or on which we might find that the district court abused its discretion.

LaTouche argues that the district court erred in failing to further inquire into whether two jurors had engaged in misconduct by speaking with their wives about the case. LaTouche’s request for the further hearing was prompted by responses of two of the jurors during the inquiry into the effect of the press release, each indicating that his wife had brought the newspaper coverage to his attention.

A district court is required to hold a hearing investigating juror misconduct when “reasonable grounds for investigation exist.” United States v. Vitale, 459 F.3d 190, 197 (2d Cir.2006) (citing United States v. Sun Myung Moon, 718 F.2d 1210, 1234 (2d Cir.1983)). “Reasonable grounds are present when there is clear, strong, substantial and incontrovertible evidence, that a specific, nonspeculative impropriety has occurred which could have prejudiced the trial of a defendant.” Moon, 718 F.2d at 1234. “This court has consistently refused to allow a defendant to investigate ‘jurors merely to conduct a fishing expedition.’ ” United States v. Ianniello, 866 F.2d 540, 543 (2d Cir.1989) (quoting United States v. Moten, 582 F.2d 654, 667 (2d Cir.1978)).

Although defense counsel had the opportunity to examine the jurors during the course of the investigatory hearing on the effect of the press releases, defense counsel chose not to inquire further about the jurors’ conversations with their wives. In fact, counsel asked no questions at all of the juror who stated “there were little bits and pieces that [he] said to [his wife].” When counsel later requested that the district court conduct further inquiry, the court was presented with mere speculation as to what sort of conversations the jurors may have had with their wives or even whether those conversations addressed more than the mere fact that the jurors were on a federal jury in Bridgeport, Connecticut. It is indisputable that counsel made no presentation of “clear, strong, substantial and incontrovertible evidence, that a specific, nonspeculative impropriety ha[d] occurred” necessitating an investigatory hearing into the spousal conversations. Moon, 718 F.2d at 1234. We therefore find that the district court did not abuse its discretion in declining to hold a hearing on the issue of the jurors’ potential conversations with their wives.

We have considered all of Defendants-Appellants’ other arguments and find them to be without merit. The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. 
      
      . Although the argument suggests that there was some quibble over the propriety of the U.S. Attorney's Office’s dissemination of a press release prior to the completion of the jury’s deliberations, the thrust of the argument on appeal deals with how the district court handled the inquiry into the press release's impact on the jury’s deliberations.
     