
    Gary BERNTSEN, Plaintiff, v. The CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, Defendant.
    Civil Action No. 05-1482(CKK).
    United States District Court, District of Columbia.
    Sept. 22, 2007.
    
      Roy W. Krieger, Krieger & Zaid, PLLC, Mark S. Zaid, Mark S. Zaid, P.C., Washington, DC, for Plaintiff.
    Steven Y. Bressler, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for Defendant.
   MEMORANDUM OPINION

COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY, District Judge.

This action relates to former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee Gary Berntsen’s desire to publish a book without the security classification redactions that have been imposed by the CIA. On April 28, 2006, Defendant filed both classified and non-classified versions of Defendant’s [25] Motion for Summary Judgment. On October 2, 2006, Plaintiff filed both an [29] Opposition to Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment and a related [30] Motion to Compel In Camera, Ex Parte Review of Document. In both Plaintiffs Motion to Compel and in Plaintiffs Opposition, Plaintiff filed a placeholder for a classified document created by Plaintiff (which has not been reviewed by Plaintiffs counsel due to its security classification) that purportedly addresses the Defendant’s arguments as to why certain sections of Plaintiffs manuscript should or should not be treated as classified. The Court has intentionally refrained from reviewing this classified document created by Plaintiff in resolving the issue presently before the Court, which is whether the Court should review and substantively consider Plaintiffs submission ex parte or permit Defendant to respond to the arguments therein.

In Plaintiffs [30] Motion to Compel In Camera, Ex Parte Review of Document, Plaintiff argues that Plaintiffs classified document constitutes either attorney work product or is protected by attorney-client privilege because the document was allegedly created at the request of Plaintiffs counsel. Pl.’s Mot. to Compel at 3-4. The Court notes as an initial matter that Plaintiff-not Plaintiffs counsel-created the document, which has not been seen by Plaintiffs counsel. Furthermore, the document is not being used in preparation of Plaintiffs case, but rather has been presented to the Court for review on its merits such that the work product doctrine would not apply. See Permian Corp. v. United States, 665 F.2d 1214, 1219 (D.C.Cir.1981) (“ ‘work product privilege does not exist to protect a confidential relationship, but rather to promote the adversary system by safeguarding the fruits of an attorney’s trial preparations from the discovery attempts of the opponent.’ ”) (quoting United States v. AT & T, 642 F.2d 1285, 1299 (D.C.Cir.1980)). In fact, Plaintiff provides no legal support for his work product argument.

It is also clear that a document that has not been reviewed by Plaintiffs counsel and has been submitted to the Court by Plaintiff for consideration on the merits is not protected by attorney-client privilege because (1) Plaintiffs counsel has not reviewed this document (hence, the “attorney” element of “attorney-client privilege” is missing); and (2) the document has been submitted to the Court for consideration on the merits of the arguments contained therein. While Plaintiff argues that “[n]either the attorneys for the Justice Department nor the CIA have any ‘need-to-know’ the contents of Berntsen’s document,” PL’s Mot. to Compel at 4-5, Plaintiff admits that the document has been submitted to the Court for consideration on the merits; how Defendant could possibly not need to know Plaintiffs substantive arguments on a pending dispositive motion defies reason, as recognized by the case law. See Abourezk v. Reagan, 785 F.2d 1043, 1061 (D.C.Cir.1986) (“It is therefore the firmly held main rule that a court may not dispose of the merits of a case on the basis of ex parte, in camera submissions.”). See also United States v. Libby, 429 F.Supp.2d 18, 21 (D.D.C.2006) (“courts routinely express their disfavor with ex parte proceedings and permit such proceedings only in the rarest of circumstances”). “Exceptions to the main rule are both few and tightly contained!,]” including circumstances: (1) where materials are submitted for inspection by the Court because a party seeks to prevent their use in litigation; (2) where the government has made “a demonstration of compelling national security concerns”; or (3) where such review is specifically contemplated by statute. Abourezk, 785 F.2d at 1061. None of the narrow exceptions to this rule as set forth in Abourezk applies to Plaintiffs request. Furthermore, as the CIA has of course seen and reviewed the original manuscript at issue in this action, ex parte review would not be justified on the grounds that Plaintiff has purportedly submitted information unknown to the CIA.

If the Court is to consider Plaintiffs classified submission, it shall not do so ex parte. As the Court has not yet reviewed said submission, Plaintiff presently has two options: Plaintiff may choose to remove his classified submission from the Court’s consideration entirely, or Plaintiff may request that the Court rely on his classified submission with the understanding that Defendant is entitled to review and respond to said submission.

The Court notes that Defendant filed separate notices of recent authority on April 6, 2007, and September 6, 2007, relating to two rulings that allegedly pertain to similar issues as those raised in Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment. The Court also notes that the classified version of Plaintiffs Opposition contains Plaintiffs classified submission as discussed above. In the interest of reviewing only materials intended to be submitted to the Court in light of the present ruling (as all of the classified filings in this case have been stored together), and in the interest of acting on filings that reflect the current status of the law, the Court shall deny without prejudice Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment and request that a Department of Justice security officer retrieve all classified filings including and related to Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, returning documents filed ex parte to the filing party subject to the appropriate security procedures without disclosure to the opposing party. Defendant may file an updated Motion for Summary Judgment by October 11, 2007. Plaintiffs updated Opposition thereto, either including Plaintiffs classified statement (with the expectation that Defendant shall be permitted to review it and respond thereto) or without Plaintiffs classified statement, shall be filed by October 25, 2007. Defendant’s updated Reply (including a response to Plaintiffs classified statement, if submitted) shall be filed by November 8, 2007.

Accordingly, for the aforementioned reasons, the Court shall DENY Plaintiffs [30] Motion to Compel In Camera, Ex Parte Review of Document. The Court shall DENY WITHOUT PREJUDICE Defendant’s [25] Motion for Summary Judgment. A Department of Justice security officer shall retrieve all classified filings including and related to Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, returning documents filed ex parte to the filing party without disclosure to the opposing party. Defendant’s updated Motion for Summary Judgment shall be filed by October 11, 2007. Plaintiffs updated Opposition shall be filed by October 25, 2007. Defendant’s updated Reply shall be filed by November 8, 2007. An Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion. 
      
      . There is no dispute that the document, if considered, should be reviewed in camera.
      
     
      
      . ''[Plaintiff] was instructed by counsel to prepare a rebuttal to the CIA’s classification decisions that asserted portions of [Plaintiff's book] contained classified information.” PL’s Mot. to Compel at 1. "This document contains substantive analysis as to why the CIA's classification decisions are not justified.” Id. at 2.
     