
    Irving T. Bush, Appellant, v. John O’Brien and Others, Respondents, Impleaded with Others.
    
      Taxpayer’s action —judgments in pending actions entered, against the city of New York on offers of judgment made by the corporation counsel — unsuccessful motions to vacate them are conclusive on the taxpayer.
    
    The complaint in an action by a taxpayer of the city of New York, against the comptroller of the city and certain individuals, to restrain the comptroller from paying any portion of the funds of the city in settlement of judgments obtained by such individuals against the former city of New York, alleged that siich judgments were entered upon offers of judgment made by the corporation counsel of the former city, which were not made, approved or authorized by the former city or its comptroller or counsel, or any of its officers empowered so to do, and that “the said corporation counsel was and is wholly without power to enter into the said alleged compromise agreement or contract, and to execute or deliver the said offers, or any of them, and that his acts in so doing, and that each and every of the judgments entered thereon; were and are wholly illegal and void; ” that the judgment creditors had threatened to take proceedings to enforce payment of the judgments, and that there was danger that the comptroller would pay them unless such proceedings were restrained, and that such payments would be to the unlawful waste and injury of the estate of the city.
    It further alleged that the corporation counsel had been requested to make a ■ motion to vacate and set aside the judgments upon the grounds stated in the complaint and that he had not done so, but had based a motion upon other grounds, and that said motion had been denied and the order denying the same had been affirmed on appeal.
    
      Held, that the complaint was demurrable;
    That the'allegation that the judgments entered upon the offers of the corporation counsel were void, was a pure conclusion of law and was not admitted by the demurrer;
    That as offers of judgment can only be made in actions pending, it followed that the actions in which the judgments had been entered were pending, and that the Supreme Court acquired jurisdiction thereof, and that, therefore, the judgments were not void, but, at most, only irregular; ■
    That an order denying the motion made by the corporation counsel to vacate the judgments was conclusive upon the taxpayer as to the validity of the judgments, in the absence of an allegation of collusion or fraud on the part of the judgment creditors and the officers of the corporation in regard to the judgments or the motion to vacate them.
    McLaughlin, J., dissented.
    Appeal by the plaintiff, Irving T. Bush, from an interlocutory judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendants, John O’Brien and others, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 8th day of December, 1899, upon, the decision of the court rendered after a trial at the New York Special Term, sustaining the said defendants’ demurrer to his complaint.
    
      Frederic R. Kellogg, for the appellant.
    
      L. Laflin Kellogg, for the respondents.
   Rumsey, J. :

This is a taxpayer’s action to restrain certain parties from collecting money on judgments which they have against the city of New Yopk, and to restrain the defendant Coler, as comptroller of the city, from paying or permitting the payment of any portion of the funds of the city in settlement of the judgments. Upon demurrer the complaint was dismissed for the reason .that the facts therein stated did not constitute a. cause of action. The allegations of the complaint are to the effect- that the defendants other than Coler, the comptroller of the city, obtained judgments against the former city on December 27, 1897, for a very considerable amount; that such ' judgments were obtained Upon an offer of judgment made by the corporation counsel of the former city and accepted by the defendants in this action ; that these offers were not made, approved or authorized by the Comptroller of the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of tlie City of New York, nor by said Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the City of New York, or its council, or any of its officers or departments empowered so to do, and that “ the said Corporation Counsel was aud is wholly without power to enter into .the said alleged compromise- agreement or contract, and to execute or deliver the said offers; or any of them, and that his acts in so doing, and that each and every of the judgments entered thereon were and are wholly illegal and void.” The complaint contains the further allegation that the defendants have threatened to take proceedings to enforce the payment of the judgments, and that there is great danger that the comptroller will pay them unless the proceedings so to collect them are restrained, and that such payments would be to the unlawful waste and injury of the estate of the city. The complaint further contains the allegation that the corporation counsel has been requested to make a motion to vacate and set aside the judgments upon the grounds thereinbefore stated in the complaint ; that he has not done so, but has based a motion to vacate the judgments upon other grounds, to the exclusion of the ones set forth in the complaint, and that said motions have been denied, an'd the order denying the same affirmed oh appeal.

All these statements of fact in the complaint are, of course, admitted by the demurrer, but the allegation that each and every of the judgments entered upon the offer of the corporation counsel are void, is a pure conclusion of law, and as such is not admitted. (Talcott v. City of Buffalo, 125 N. Y. 280; Buffalo Catholic Institute v. Bitter, 87 id. 250; Bogardus v. New York life Ins. Co., 101 id. 328; Starbuck v. Farmers Loan & Trust Co., 28 App. Div. 308.) Whether or not these judgments are void, therefore, depends upon the legal conclusion to be drawn from the facts alleged in the complaint, and affords matter for consideration upon this appeal.

It is necessary to be inferred that actions were pending against the city in which the various persons charged as creditors here were plaintiffs, and that offers of judgment were made in these actions. Such an inference arises for the reason that offers of judgment can only be made in actions pending. If the actions were pending, it necessarily follows that the Supreme Court had acquired jurisdiction. The offers of judgment were, therefore, made and accepted, and the judgments entered, in actions in which the court has jurisdiction of the parties and of the subject-matter. Such a judgment is not void, but at the worst only irregular. It further appears that in these particular cases the motions were made by the corporation counsel to vacate these judgments, and those motions were denied, and the order denying them affirmed on appeal. The order made upon that motion necessarily establishes the validity of the judgments, and it is equally necessary to say that it establishes their regularity. So the further examination of this case must be made upon the theory that these were valid judgments entered in actions in which the court had jurisdiction, and that the court had refused to set them aside because of irregularity. It is not a matter of importance that the motions were made on other grounds than those set up. in the complaint. After the motions had been made upon the ground of irregularity and denied, it was conclusive between the parties as to the regularity of the judgments (Klumpp v. Gardner, 44

Hun, 515; Mahr v. N. U, F. Ins. Society, 127 N. Y. 452, 459), at least, unless the court sees fit to permit another motion to be made upon additional facts being-shown, (Riggs v. Pursell, 74. N. Y. 370.) It is to be noticed that there is no allegation in the complaint that there was any collusion or fraud between the parties and the corporation counsel or any officer of the city in regard to these judgments or in .the motions to vacate them. The question presented, then, is whether a taxpayer of the corporation may maintain an action to restrain the payment of a valid judgment against the corporation where there is no fraud or collusion alleged, and where the only ground upon which the judgment is attacked is that it was irregularly entered in a pending action.

This question must be answered in- the negative for two reasons, each of which stands upon principles established by cases. In the first place, as the Supreme Court had jurisdiction of these actions in . which the judgments were entered, and these actions were pending in that court, a taxpayer cannot, in the absence of fraud or collusion, maintain an action to set aside the judgment, but his only remedy is upon appeal from the judgment, or by motion to set it aside. '(Osterhoudt v. Rigney, 98 N. Y. 223, 232; Talcott v. City of Buffalo, 125 id. 280; Ziegler v. Chapin, 126 id. 342; Rogers v. O’Brien, 153 id. 357.) In the second place, these judgments and the order denying the motions to set them aside are adjudications by which the taxpayer is bound equally with the city. (Freem. Judg. §178; Ashton v. City of Rochester, 133 N. Y. 187, 193, and cases cited.)

For the reasons, therefore, that a taxpayer cannot maintain this action upon the facts alleged in the complaint, the interlocutory judgment must be affirmed, with costs. In view of the conclusion which we have reached, we do not regard it necessary to examine the other interesting questions which vfrere argued in this appeal.

Van Brunt, P. J., Barrett and Ingraham, JJ., concurred; McLaughlin, J., dissented.

McLaughlin, J. (dissenting):

I dissent. The complaint contains all of the necessary and material allegations to enable the plain tiff to maintain an action under the statute.

The status of the plaintiff, the illegal judgment, the threatened injury by which the property of the taxpayers will be burdened, are all alleged. The enforcement of an illegal or unauthorized judgment will be a waste and injury within the meaning of the statute, which gives the plaintiff the right to bring the action.

I do not think that it is necessary for the plaintiff either, to allege or prove that the judgment was fraudulently or collusively entered.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.  