
    Winton v. Livey et al.
    
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department
    
    May 24, 1889.)
    1. Bail—Action on Bond—Breach.
    Under Code Civil Proc. § 597, providing that an action may be brought against bail at any time after they have failed to comply with their undertaking, bail for a defendant in an action for divorce, who has been arrested, and has given a bond stipulating that he will óbey the direction of the court, or in default thereof will at all times render himself amenable to proceedings to punish him for the omission, cannot be held liable for defendant’s failure to pay alimony ordered by the court, until plaintiff has signified her intention to begin proceedings to punish him for such failure, as until then the second alternative in the bond cannot be violated.
    2. Same—Notice.
    A letter to the hail, notifying them of defendant’s failure to pay the alimony, and informing them that plaintiff would hold them for such payment, is not notice of an intention to require the defendant to render himself amenable to proceedings for his failure to pay.
    Appeal from special term, Hew York county.
    Argued before Van Brunt, P. J., and Bartlett, J.
    
      Foster <£ Stephens, (Geo. W. Stephens, of counsel,) for appellant Russ. B. F. Sawyer, for appellant Livey. Fdwar'd P. Wilder, for respondent.
   Van Brunt, P. J.

This action was brought against defendants upon an undertaking of bail given for one Walter W. Winton, the plaintiff’s husband, upon his arrest under an order of arrest obtained by her in an action for limited divorce. The undertaking was in the usual form. Both of the defendants undertook that the said Walter W. Winton would obey the direction of the court, or of the appellate court, contained in the order or judgment requiring him to perform the acts specified in the order, or in default of his so doing he would at all times render himself amenable to proceedings to punish him for the omission. The defendant Winton duly appeared in said action, and the plaintiff recovered a judgment of divorce, and for alimony at the role of $12 per week, and at the time of the eomméncemént of this action there was alimony due and unpaid thereunder to the amount for which judgment in this action has been rendered. Prior to the commencement of this action the attorney for the plaintiff sent to the defendants the following notice: “New York, April 6th, 1887. Messrs. William Livey and George Buss.—Dear Sirs: I regret to remind you that you are sureties upon an undertaking given by Mr. Walter W. Winton, upon his arrest in July, 1881, in which you undertook that he should obey the directions of the court contained in any order or judgment that might be rendered in an action for divorce brought against him by his wife, and I regret also to inform you that Mr. Winton has for some months failed to pay alimony, as required by the judgment in that case, and that his attorney lately called upon me, and informed me that he thought it extremely doubtful whether Mr. Winton would pay anymore alimony; and as I am unable to find Mr. Winton, and do not know his address, I cannot send a copy of this letter to him, but I hereby notify you that I shall look to you for the fulfillment of the terms of your undertaking, and shall expect the payment of $168, alimony now due, on or before Monday next, in default of which I shall be under the painful necessity of bringing an action against you upon the bond. Believe me, yours, sincerely, E. P. Wilder,”—and thereupon, without any further proceedings, this action was commenced.

By the provisions of section 597 of the Code it is provided that an action such as this may be brought at any time after the bail have failed to comply with their undertaking, and the question presented is, has there been a failure of the bail to comply with their undertaking? The undertaking is in the alternative form,—first, that the defendant arrested will obey the direction of the court contained in the order or judgment requiring him to perform the acts specified in the order, or in default of so doing that he will at all times render himself amenable to proceedings to punish him for the omission. Consequently, before the default is established, two things must concur, viz.: That the defendant arrested has failed to perform the acts specified in the order or judgment, and also that he has failed to render himself amenable to proceedings to punish him for contempt. It is clear that the first condition of the undertaking had been violated, and it seems to us equally clear that the see- and condition had not been violated, because how.the defendant can render himself amenable to proceedings to punish him for the omission to do the act specified in the order or judgment until some proceedings are taken to enforce that right upon the part"of the plaintiff in the action it is difficult to imagine. It is impossible for him to tell whether any such proceedings will ever be instituted, and until some steps are taken for the initiation of such proceedings it seems to be clear that there is nothing for him to render himself amenable to, and as a consequence the undertaking of the bail has not been violated. It was not the intention of the Code that the defendant, if he left the state for a moment, should make his sureties liable. If the construction of this undertaking contended for by the plaintiff is put upon it, then the defendant in a divorce case could never leave the state of .New York; and that is not the provision of the undertaking, and it will not be so construed, unless the language of the undertaking requires it. The writ of ne exeat has been abolished, and the undertaking was not intended to do more than to make the defendant give security that, when called upon in proceedings to punish him for the omission to do the act specified in the order, he will respond to the call; but until he is called upon he is not bound to hold himself in perpetual readiness, at the door of the sheriff’s office, in case at any time during the life-time of the-plaintiff proceedings should be initiated against him because of his failure to pay the alimony.

But it is said that the defendant in the action for divorce was a nonresident, and lived in Pennsylvania, and that the plaintiff could not find him here, and that notice was given by letter to the sureties of their liability

under the undertaking. The counsel for the respondent styles the letter as a very liberal notice. It was certainly exceedingly liberal in the manner in which it interpreted the obligation of the sureties, because it informed them of an obligation which they had never entered into, and nowhere pretended to inform them of anything except that because the alimony had not been paid they thereby became liable to pay the same, which was not the condition of the undertaking. If the counsel thought fit to notify the sureties of what their obligation was, he was bound to give them notice in all reasonable good faith of the whole of their obligation, and to call their attention to the fact that because of the failure to pay the alimony they were required to produce their principal under the alternative contained in the undertaking. But the letter is studiously silent upon this point, and seeks to impress upon their minds the fact that they are liable for the amount of the alimony, because it was not paid by the defendant. The letter was no notice whatever that the plaintiff elected to require the defendant in the divorce proceedings to render himself amenable, to any process. It contained no intimation of this kind, and, as already said, until the plaintiff has signified her intention to take proceedings, there cannot be any failure upon the part of the defendant to render himself amenable to proceedings to punish him. In fact, in analogy to the proceedings to charge bail under an execution against the person, where it is possible that these proceedings should be initiated and carried to the issuing of a commitment, it might very well be held that that commitment must be issued and returned “Hot found,” before there is a liability incurred by the bail, and that that is the evidence which should satisfy the court that the defendant refuses to render himself amenable to the proceedings to punish him. An order for his commitment upon an order to show cause could be obtained without personal service, because the proceeding is for a contempt to enforce a civil remedy in an action, and service upon the attorney who had appeared in the action for him gave the court complete jurisdiction. Pitt v. Davison, 37 N. Y. 235. But, without deciding this proposition, it is clear that until in some way the plaintiff has elected, and shown that she has made that election, to proceed against the defendant in the divorce suit by proceedings to punish him for his failure to perform the act specified in the order or judgment, the sureties have not failed to fulfill the condition of the undertaking, and cannot he held. The judgment should be reversed, and a new trial ordered, with costs to the appellant to abide event.

Bartlett, J., concurs.  