
    Reuben H. Coatsworth, Appellant, v. The Lehigh Valley Railway Company and The Lehigh Valley Railroad Company of Pennsylvania, Respondents.
    Third Department,
    September 18, 1906.
    Real property — trespass by maintenance of bridge over public street — rights of owner of fee—failure to prove estoppel — erroneous exclusion of proof of damage.
    Estoppel is an affirmative defense, and in an action to enjoin a trespass upon lands by the erection of a bridge thereover a defendant who claims that the plaintiff is estopped by the acquiescence of his predecessors in title in the building of the bridge must prove facts establishing the estoppel. There is no presumption thereof.
    One who owns the fee of a street cannot recover against a railroad which maintains a bridge over said street, the abutments of which are built on its own lands, but which is also supported by columns resting on the street, so placed under a municipal permit, the rental value of such structure as damages.
    But the ownership of the fee in the public street is a substantial property right which in the event of the abandonment of the street would at least give the owner a right of way thereover to property adjoining that abutting on the part of the street upon which the structures are placed, and the maintenance of such overhead bridge by the defendant, supported upon pillars resting upon the street, is an injury to be measured by the amount of obstruction to the owner’s way caused thereby.
    Under such circumstances the plaintiff’s right to a mandatory injunction compelling the removal of the bridge depends upon whether bis damage is substantial and the damage should not be held to be nominal as a matter of law. When the court rules upon the trial that the rental value of the bridge is the proper measure of damages, but thereafter holds otherwise and holds that plaintiff is only entitled to nominal damages as a matter of law, it is error to refuse to allow proof of substantial damages by showing the difference in the value of his lands with the highway obstructed and unobstructed, and a new trial should be granted.
    Appeal by tlie plaintiff, Reuben H. Coatsworth, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendants, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Erie on the lOtli day of July, 1902, upon the decision of the court, rendered after a trial at the Erie Special Term, dismissing the complaint upon the merits, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 8tli day of July, 1902, granting the defendants an extra allowance.
    This ease was transferred from the fourth department to the third" department.
    
      The plaintiff is the owner of a parcel of ground in the'city of Buffalo bounded upon the north by Otto street, upon the east by Alabama street, upon the south by Perry street, and upon the west by Hayward street. Immediately north of this parcel of land and north of Otto street is a parcel of land owned by the defendant, the Lehigh Yalley Railway Company. ■ Upon this land are the tracks. of the Lehigh Yalley Railway Company and said tracks run easterly over. Alabama street by means of a bridge which passes over the street so as to give about twelve feet of headway. This bridge, the court is here asked to remove by its mandatory in junction. Said bridge is upon abutments which are upon the land .of the said Lehigh Yalley Railway Company upon either side of said street, but in the street are iron pillars reaching down to the ground which operate as an additional support for the bridge. The land upon the west side of Alabama street and to the center of Alabama street was formerly owned by the plaintiff’s ancestor. When the land was deeded it was bounded by the north line of Otto street and the west line of Alabama street, so that the title to the fee of the street remained in the ancestor and passed to his heirs, whose interests have been subsequently purchased by this plaintiff.' The situation'upon the east of Alabama street, upon which the tracks of the defendant company are located, is practically similar, except that the fee of the land from the east line of Alabama street to the center óf the street was formerly owned by the brother of plaintiff’s ancestor and passed to his heirs and was subsequently deeded to the plaintiff. Plaintiff, therefore, owns the fee of Alabama street from side to side over which the defendant has constructed its bridge. Alabama street is a public street in the city of Buffalo and the structures of the defendant are placed upon and over that street by permission of the municipal authorities. Upon the trial the court found that the maintenance of the structure of the bridge upon and over Alabama street causes not more than nominal damages to the plaintiff, and the complaint was dismissed, with costs, and an order entered allowing the defendant an extra allowance of $500. From this judgment and this order the plaintiff here appeals.
    
      John Cunneen, for the appellant.
    
      Martin Carey, James McCormik Mitchell and Edward H. Letchworth, for the respondents.
   Smith, J.

Defendant’s insistence that plaintiff is estopped from questioning the defendant’s right to cross this highway by reason of the silence and acquiescence of his grantors is not sustained by any proof. The railroad company did not get its title from the plaintiff’s ancestor or grantors, nor is there a word of evidence that the road was built without objection upon the part of those who then owned. the land- in question. It is conceded that no action was brought until about 1894, while the bridge was built in 1884; but the plaintiff was in 1884 an infant. An estoppel is an affirmative defense, and he who would rest upon it must prove the facts upon which it can stand.

We do not agree with appellant’s contention that the wrongful act of the defendant in placing this bridge over the land with the iron supports resting thereupon gave title thereto so that plaintiff may charge for the use' thereof by the defendant company as for rental. The rule of law as stated in De Camp v. Bullard (159 N. Y. 450) is not applicable in this case. The occupation of this land as to plaintiff has been called by Judge Gbay in the Court of Appeals that of a q%Msi trespass. (O’Reilly v. New York Elevated R. R. Co., 148 N. Y. 353.) The defendant is there, however, by permission of the municipality, which municipality, it would seem, - would have the legal right to any compensation, or at least to a part thereof, for the use and occupation of the. land if the. defendants be liable therefor. The plaintiff at least has not such an interest in the street as to entitle him in case of this quasi trespass to charge the defendant with the damages sought as a penalty for the trespass.

The ownership of this fee in the highway, however, is a substantial property right, as an appurtenant to the block of laud just south of this highway. In case of the abandonment of Alabama street the plaintiff, by his ownership of the fee of this highway, would still have the -right of-way to Scott street to the north, which might be a most valuable right in connection with the use of this parcel of land to which it is appurtenant.

The present beneficial use of the plaintiff in the fee of this liigh- , way over which defendant’s bridge runs can be little more than that of a right of way. If the street be abandoned we cannot see how it can even then be more. In case of its abandonment the defendant, as the grantee of land upon both sides: of this, highway, would have a private, easement of access and egress therein as in a highway. (Holloway v. Southmayd, 139 N. Y. 390; Lord v. Atkins, 138 id. 184.) The plaintiff has been injured by the acts of the defendant, therefore, practically to the extent that his right of.way lias been impaired by the obstructions placed therein. With a headway of twelve feet under the tracks we cannot conceive that there can be, even with the placing of the iron pillars in the street, such' an obstruction to the plaintiff’s right of way as can be very substantial. If the damage to the plaintiff be nominal it would seem, under the case of O'Reilly v. New York Elevated R. R. Co. (148 N. Y. 347), that the plaintiff should be denied relief. It cannot be said, however, as matter of law that the plaintiff’s damages are merely nominal. Upon the trial of the action the plaintiff showed the rental value of this bridge upon the theory that he had become the owner of the bridge and was entitled to collect its rental value from the defendant under the De Camp Case (supra). The court overruled defendant’s objection that such was not the proper rule of damages and allowed the evidence. After the decision was informally announced plaintiff made application to the court to be allowed to prove substantial damages, that is, the difference in the value of this parcel of land owned by him with his highway obstructed and unobstructed. The plaintiff was not allowed to prove these damages and the court held that the damages suffered were merely nominal.' Having ruled with the plaintiff that the measure of damage-upon which he offered evidence was the proper measure of damage, the plaintiff had the right to rely thereupon, and when the trial court afterwards held that it was not the proper measure of damage the plaintiff should have been allowed to make proof of his damage under the proper rule. It seems to have been held that, the plaintiff in this case has no legal action of ejectment. (Coatsworth v. Lehigh Valley Railway Co., 29 App. Div. 627.) If his damage .be substantial- this then is his only remedy except successive legal actions for damages, the necessity for which it is the endeavor of the court to avoid. In the O'Reilly case cited, Judge Gray (at p. 357) says: “A court of equity has a certain latitude in the' exercise of its great power and under no. authority or rule, with which I am acquainted, is it compelled to grant an in junetion in a case like the present one, which belongs to a peculiar class and is governed by a doctrine of recent growth in the courts. The court recognizes the fact that the defendants had the right to appro priate the street easements by condemnation proceedings and, hence, when appealed to, to enjoin them from operating their franchises, it looks into the question of the substantial nature of the damage alleged to have been done to the property, or of the loss suffered by the owner. If it is found to be such, then the court proceeds in the matter as though the proceeding was one to condemn to the defendants’ uses the property appropriated, and, having ascertained the value of the property, it suspends the decree, which it finds the plaintiff is entitled to to restrain the continuance of the defendants’ acts, for a sufficient period within which to permit the defendants to acquire the right to appropriate the easements through a conveyance, as a condition of avoiding the enforcement of the decree. The proceedings, by which the court ascertains and fixes the damages done to the abutting property in the deprivation of easements, are, in fact, but a substitute for condemnation proceedings. If the plaintiffs fail to establish that substantial injury has been inflicted upon their property, a decree enjoining the operation of the rail-^ road would be unwarranted. One of the very grounds, and a main one, upon which equity proceeds in granting relief, by way of injunction against the unlawful acts of the defendants, would have been wanting if no actual and irreparable damage were shown.” We conclude, therefore, that the plaintiff should have been allowed to make proof of what actual damage was caused to his.property by this partial obstruction of his right of way. If after the proof is in the court should be of opinion that the damage was nominal then under the authorities cited the injunction should not be granted. If, however, upon the proof it should appear that substantial damage is caused ■ by this obstruction the plaintiff is entitled to sonie relief, the extent of which is for the trial court first to consider and determine. The judgment should, therefore, be reversed anda new trial granted, with costs to abide the event.

All concurred.

Judgment reversed on law and -facts and new trial granted, with costs to abide event.  