
    RIGHTS OF STEAM AND TRACTION ROADS AT STREET CROSSINGS.
    [.Circuit Court of Summit County.]
    The Akron & Cuyahoga Falls Rapid Transit Company v. The Erie Railroad Company.
    Decided, November, 1905.
    
      Railways — Traction Crossings of, on Public Streets — Contract Betioeen Steam, and Traction Companies as to Crossing Expenses — Requirement as to a Flagman — Rights of Steam Road, as Property Owner —Evidence.
    
    1 The requirement that a flagman be stationed at a railway crossing can only be made where it is found that the crossing is dangerous to the public; and where a railroad company obtains the right to run its trains over a given street crossing than theretofore allowed by the ordinances of the municipality, on condition that a flagman be stationed there, the expense thus incurred can not be thrown upon a traction company occupying the street, under an agreement whereby the traction company undertook, as a condition of making the crossing, to pay all expenses which might be “lawfully required” by the municipality or the state, for maintaining a flagman at said crossing.
    2. Moreover, the requirement as to a flagman having thus been obtained for'the benefit of the steam road alone, there was no consideration moving to the traction company, and payment of the expense thus incurred can not be enforced against the traction company.
    9. There are no rights vested in a steam road as an adjoining lot owner which would enable it to enforce a contract containing such a provision.
    Laubie, J.; Marvin, J., and Winch, J., concur.
    Error to the court of common pleas.
   As one ground for the reversal of this case, it is alleged that the trial court erred in refusing to admit the evidence offered by the plaintiff in error, the defendant below, to prove its defense to the first and second causes of action of the second amended petition, in substance, that such railroad company for its own purposes, advantage and profit, bad itself applied to the Barberton, village council and the commissioner of railroads, for the order to station a flagman at the crossing, -and agreed to pay the expenses thereof, if such order would be issued.

In the opinion of this court this evidence was competent, - as was substantially held by this court at a former hearing, and should have been admitted.

The contract sued upon provides that the traction company (conceding it to be bound by said contract as the successor of the second parties thereto) should pay “all costs and expenses which may be lawfully required of the parties hereto by the authorities of said village of Barberton or of said state of Ohio * * * for maintaining flagmen at said crossings.”

This clearly refers to and includes only independent action primarily instituted and taken by such village or state, and not such costs and expenses as are incurred by such railroad company by its own primary action, and for its own profit and advantage.

If it obtained such order for the appointment of a flagman under a contract with the village council, proposed by and entered into at the request of such railroad company, by .which it promised and agreed to place a flagman at such crossing, if the village council would repeal its ordinance restricting the speed of railway trains through the village, then such appointment was in effect substantially made by itself, for its own benefit, and was not “lawfully required” within the meaning of such original contract.

• The village or .state could under the statutes (Sections 3443a and 247a), only require flagmen to be stationed at crossings which, were found to be dangerous to the public; and if this railroad company thus obtained the right to make this crossing dangerous, upon .its promise to place a flagman there, it would •be unjust to allow it to recover the cost thereof from the traction company under the terms of the contract sued upon.

Viewed in the light of these facts, if proved, such construction of such contract would do 'violence to its spirit and intention, if not to its plain letter.

There is, however, another ground of error rélied upon by the plaintiff in error, to-wit, that there was no consideration for the promise to pay the cost and expense of maintaining a flagman, and that the judgment should have been for the defendant below instead of for the plaintiff.

This court is in full accord with such claim, and finds that such promise was void for want of consideration, and so held upon the former hearing; and judgment should have been entered for the traction company and the case dismissed.

The contract in question entered into by the predecessors of the parties hereto, was peculiar in this, that it attempted by its terms to secure rights to the railroad company not vested in it by the laws of the state, while on its part it granted to the other contracting parties no right of any kind that under their franchise they did not already possess.

The contract related to one matter only, the crossing of the railroad company’s track by the traction company’s road on a public street in the village named, and not a single right or privilege was- granted to it by the railroad company that it -was not already vested with under its franchise. Instead of that, its rights were restricted by the .wording of the agreement without recompense of any kind.'

When- a municipality annexes territory embracing a county road, as was- done here, the title in fee to such part of the county road vests in the municipality in trust for the public (L. S. & M. S. Ry. Co. v. Elyria, 69 O. S., 414, 427). Therefore, such title vested in Barberton when- it annexed the territory embracing the county road, now the street in question.

The traction company had the right to lay and maintain its tracks at the grade of such street, and along its center as it did, and across the track of the railroad by virtue of the rights -it acquired from the municipality under its franchise, without being liable to pay anything to the railroad company. • But at all events, under such state of facts, if any liability could arise to the railroad company by virtue of its being the owner of adjoining property, as claimed by it, no waiver of the right to enforce. such liability or release of damages, was provided for. in such contract, so as to constitute a consideration for such promise.

The railroad company had no right to compel the traction company to build an over-head crossing — a bridge; and even if it were the owner of adjoining lands, it was not referred to as such in the contract, and did not attempt to release the traction company from liability for any damage which might result to it as such adjoining owner from the building of such bridge. Where a company, like the plaintiff in ei*ror, acquires and is granted the. right to construct and maintain a single track along and upon a street of a village, as in this case, no additional burden is cast upon the land, and adjoining lot owners are not entitled to any compensation, if the track is laid at the grade of the'street, and along its center, as was done in this instance.

As it is not disputed, it must be taken as admitted, that.the traction, company had obtained the right under the statutes relating thereto, to construct and maintain its track on the street in question, and the cases citecl, Railroad Co. v. Williams, 35 O. S., 168, and Schaaf et al v. Railroad Co., 66 O. S., 215, are not decisive of this ease, as they related to the construction of tracks upon country highways, and upon the sides thereof, not upon their center.

The precise point involved in the case at bar, was made and decided in the ease of Mary E. Simmons v. The City of Toledo et al, 8 C. C. R., 535, where it was held that-—

“The city council has the power to grant the right to the use of a public street for the purpose of constructing a railroad; and when the city grants to an electric railroad company the right to use the street for railroad purposes, the right to -erect poles for the support of electric wires goes with it. Such use is not a new or additional burden which would entitle the property owners to an injunction.”

The plaintiff, an adjoining lot owner, sought by injunction to restrain the construction of the line until compensation was made to 'her. This case was affirmed by the Supreme Court without report, 51 O. S., 626, and has never been overruled so far as we know.

The owners of adjoining lots have hut an easement in the streets in front of their lots-, and while it is regarded as property, as fully as, the land itself, it is still but an easement, and not land, and consequently whatever injury is suffered by the lot owner in such cases, it is to the easement and not to the land; as, where the track is placed on the side of the street, and interferes with the free and unlimited use of the easement in obtaining egress and ingress by the lot owner from and to his lot, which is an injury different in degree from that suffered by the public. And the same result would follow if the poles were placed in such position, or in such numbers as to interfere with and obstruct such egress and ingress.

The purposes for which the traction company uses the street are old and established street purposes — the transportation of passengers and merchandise. The method only is new. Instead of transporting them in stage coaches-, hacks and wagons, they are transported in cars, which are propelled by- electricity instead of being hauled by horses. It is true, in order to so prop-el them, iron or steel rails are laid in the street, but when -they are laid in the center, and substantially- -at the grade of the street, as the speed of the cars can be regulated by the municipality, the inconvenience to the public is or may then be no greater than would be caused by the occupancy of the street by -the number -of the ordinary vehicles required to- transport the passengers and merchandise transported on -such cars; and the inconvenience suffered by such lot -owners would be the same as, and no greater than, that of the public.

In the case at bar, however, if the rights of the railroad company as an adjoining lot owner, were in any manner infringed, no right in that respect was released or parted with on the part of such -company, regarded as a party to such oonti act, as a consideration for the promise of the other parties thereto in respect to such flagman. Indeed, the contract itself provides in express terms that such other parties- “assumed all -responsibility -and liability to any and all persons for any -and all injuries -and damages to persons and property which might arise from the. construction and maintenance of such road.” [The italics are my own].

Rogers, Rowley, Bradley & Rockwell, for plaintiff in error.

Tibiáis c& Frank, for defendant in error.

It would, therefore, have been difficult for such other parties to have escaped paying the railroad company for any injury done to its adjoining property, not by the crossing of the railroad company's tracks, but by the construction of the traction line along Cornell street, if it had suffered any.

But at all events, such right was not involved, or necessarily parted with or released by the railroad company, a® the contract related and applied solely to the crossing of the track of the railroad company, and not at all to the occupation of any other portion of the street, or of the right of the traction company to construct its track along the street.

In the case of Cincinnati & H. St. Ry. Co. v. Railway Company., 21 C. C., 391 (affirmed by the Supreme Court, without report, January 22, 1901), it was held:

“Where a steam road crosses a street, a street railway which has the right to lay its track in the street may cross the railway track without'compensation to that company.”

For these reasons the judgment is reversed, and this court proceeding to render the judgment that the trial court should have rendered, the case itself is dismissed at the costs of the Erie Railroad Company.  