
    Robert Kenny, in Behalf of Himself and All Others Similarly Situated, v. James J. Martin et al., Police Commissioners
    (New York Superior Court—Special Term,
    March, 1895.)
    An injunction will not be issued to prevent the police from interfering with billiard rooms which are kept open on Sunday.
    A hall, place or premises to which persons may come and play pool or billiards upon payment of a fee for rental of the tables is a public place.
    .Application by plaintiff for injunction order.
    
      Wahle <& Stone, for plaintiff. ■
    
      F. M. Scott and D. J. Dean, for defendants.
   McAdam, J.

The complaint and affidavits show that the plaintiff herein owns and carries on a billiard saloon, in which billiards are played by any persons resorting thereto, the public being invited and afforded facilities for playing billiards at the plaintiff’s establishment upon the payment of the hire or fee for the use of the paraphernalia of the game; that the plaintiff has kept his billiard room open on Sunday, and has heretofore twice been arrested for the alleged violation of section 265 of the Penal Code, which forbids sports on Sunday ; that in both cases the plaintiff has been discharged on habeas corpus; that the defendants, the police commissioners, and their superintendent of police threaten and intend to continue to arrest the plaintiff if he continues to allow billiard and pool playing in his billiard saloon on Sunday; that because of said threats plaintiff has been injured in his business to the amount of $500. The plaintiff, therefore, asks judgment against the defendants in the sum of $500, and that the defendants be restrained from interfering with the conduct, management and opening by the plaintiff, and those similarly situated, of a hall, place or premises to which parties or persons may come and play pool or billiards on paying to the plaintiff, or to others similarly situated, the rental for tables and other paraphernalia of the game.

If the complaint sets forth a cause of action, it is one for which there is-an adequate remedy at law. It has been settled by a number of adjudications .that an injunction will not be issued for the purpose .of restraining police officers from mak- ' ing arrests in the execution of the criminal law; that the court will leave the officers to act under .peril of damages or punishment if they overstep the authority with which the law has invested them. Fincke v. Police Comrs., 66 How. Pr. 327; Burch v. Cavanaugh, 12 Abb. (N. S.) 414; Davis v. American Society, 75 N. Y. 362; Murphy v. Board of Police, 11. Abb. N. C. 337. See, also, People v. Moses, 140 N. Y. 214; Kramer v. Board of Police, 53 N. Y. Super. Ct. 492; Cercle Francais De L'Harmonie v. French, 19 Abb. N. C. 32; The police are especially charged with the duty of preventing infractions of the law on all days of the. week. It is for them to decide who are guilty of offenses, and whether to apprehend the offenders and take them before the proper police magistrate, to the end that he may determine, after hearing .all the proofs adduced, if in the particular case there has been a violation or not. For a court to interpose by injunction restraining the police from interfering would be to decide in advance that certain acts done upon the Sabbath would not operate as violations. of law, when the manner of doing them in a particular instance might clearly establish an infraction. It ‘would prevent the police from exercising that surveillance which their duties call for, and "might defeat rather than" aid the ends' of justice. If the manner of conducting plaintiff’s business on the Sabbath does not .violate the criminal" law, and the police wrongfully interfere, a writ of habeas corpus, always, at hand, and an action for damages furnish a complete remedy!

•" To play billiards on the Sabbath in the privacy o.f .one’s- own house is one thing; to keep open an establishment to which any person paying the fee may gain admittance certainly gives it the character of a public place within the meaning of that- term. See People v. Bixby, 67 Barb. 221. The interference complained of seems to be directed to these places of public resort; and it may be a very serious question whether the defendants are obliged to leave them unrestrained. At all events, each particular charge must rest on its own peculiar merits, and a proper disposition can only be made as each case arises. To grant the relief prayed for here might open to the public every house in the city for the playing of billiards; and take away from the police all opportunity for supervision. This might have a tendency which a court of equity would not want to sanction, and might lead to acts which upon proper investigation it would have to condemn. Another objection to the application is that it is asking the court to grant in advance of a trial substantially all the relief the plaintiff can obtain by final judgment.

Motion for injunction denied.  