
    Rutherfurd Stuyvesant, Respondent, v. The New York Elevated Railroad Company and The Manhattan Railway Company, Appellants.
    
      M legated railroads — evidence as to changes of mine of other property remote in situation and of a different character — ratio between rental and fee damages.
    
    Where an action is brought against the ele vated railroads of Hew York to' recover damages resulting from their occupation-of the easements of an' abutting owner, it is improper to allow proof -of .the rental value of the premises, located in a widely separated, territory, and of an- entirely different character, in order to institute a comparison between the course of change of the rental ' values of that property and the rental values of the premises in question.
    Such testimony does not affect the rental damages alone, as there is a fixed ratio between rental and.fee.values, and, when that ratio is proved, it is or may be resorted to, either alone or in connection with other testimony, to determine the value of the fee of the property.
    • Appeal by -the defendants, The New York Elevated Railroad Company and another, from a judgment, of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office- of . the clerk of the county mf New York on.the -25th day of April, 1894, upon the decision of the cour t .rendered after-a trial at the New York Special Term. •
    . Edward G. James and Reuben Leslie Maynard, for the appellants.
    
      W. G. Peckham and Morris & Steele, for the respondent.
   Patterson, J.:

Whatever ordinarily may be the advantage and utility of bringing into one action all the properties of an owner of land ■ abutting on a s.treet on which there is an elevated railroad, and as to which properties it is claimed that easements have been taken for the uses of the railroad without compensation, they aré in this cause unfortunately unavailable from the necessity which exists of reversing the judgment as to each separate piece of property, because of an error in the admission of testimony, which error radicates the whole case and affects each' one of the fifty-seven parcels of land owned by- Mr." Stuyvesant and' described in the complaint. It appeared in evidence, and was found as matter of fact by the court on the trial, that all of the properties mentioned in the complaint had increased in value since the defendants’ railway was built. To maintain the action it, therefore, became incumbent upon the plaintiff to show that his properties on Third avenue had not shared in the general increase due to normal causes and the natural growth of neighboring properties off the line of the elevated rail way, and that notwithstanding • the fact of there being some increase in the values of his lands, further increase was retarded prevented by the construction and operation of an elevated road. The effort to establish that claim could not be made by instituting comparisons of rental values of the premises, the subject of the action, with those of specific properties located in widely separated teri’itory, but that was allowed to be. done in this case. All of the fifty-seven pieces of property involved here are situated on the Third avenue, between Eighth and Twenty-first streets. The plaintiff Avas permitted to compare the ■ course of rental values of those properties, or many of them, Avith the rentals received by Columbia College from its leaseholds, on Fifth avenue, between Forty-seventh and Fifty-first streets, and on Forty-seventh street, property situated in a section of the city so remote from Third avenue at and below Twenty.-first street that its very distance from the plaintiff’s premises makes the comparison inadmissible, even if comparisons were at all allowable. But add to this the differences in the character of the property and the disparity becomes strikingly obvious. Mr. Stuyvesant’s houses are occupied as shops and cheap tenements. The testimony is that the 'locality in which the buildings on Fifth avenue are situated has been “ during the past ten or fifteen years one of the most fashionable centers -for residence property in the city. Some of the..most prominent and wealthy social people reside in these houses. It lies between what is known as the Murray Hill locality and the Central Park.” The evidence, Avhen offered, was objected to and on specific grounds. In the Innes case, decided at this present term of this court (3 App. Div. 541), we had occasion to say that a merely general, objection, or one not calling the attention of the court to the precise question raised in the Jamieson Case (147 N. Y. 322), could not prevail on appeal; but here the precise ground was taken that brings this evidence within the condemnation of that case. Counsel for the defendants expressly objected to the testimony as to rents of Fifth avenue lots under Columbia College leases, and placed it on the distinct ground that the question called for matter “ not within the issues.” The objection was overruled and the error in admitting the testimony is fatal. That it was harmful cannot admit of doubt. It was evidence of a pointed character as to the course of ground rents and their increase. It did not affect only the award of damages for decrease of rental values, but it was a factor in the ascertainment of fee damage. The expert witness testified that there is a fixed ratio between rental and fee values, and that ratio proven, it is or may be resorted to, either alone or in connection with other testimony, to determine the value of the fee of the property. The admission, therefore, of this evidence as to the Columbia College leases was a cardinal error, one that cannot be overlooked or avoided, and it calls for a reversal of the whole judgment.

We have examined the record and the stipulations and admissions contained in it in vain to find even the slightest evidence of a waiver of the objection or exception we have considered.

Judgment reversed and new trial ordered, with costs to appellants to abide the event.

Barrett, Rumsey and Williams, JJ., concurred; Van Brunt, P. J., concurred in result.

Judgment reversed and new trial ordered, costs to appellants to abide event.  