
    Louise Andersen, Pl’ff, v. Louis Schesinger, Def't.
    
      (Supreme Court, New York Trial Term,
    
    
      Filed April 8, 1896.)
    
    1. Pleading—Complaint—Assault and battery.
    To make one person liable for the acts of another, the pleader should show either a relation between them which in law creates a responsibility, or that the person sought to be held became chargeable by reason of participation or some act tantamount to it. So held, where a complaint in an action to recover damages for assault and battery, alleges that defendant and two of his agents entered the premises of plaintiff and that one of the agents assaulted her, but does not allege that the agent, when he made the assault, was engaged in the defendant’s business, or that defendant in any manner participated in or sanctioned the assault.
    2. Same.
    In order to hold the defendant on any other theory, it is necessary for the plaintiff to allege and, if denied, prove, that the acts were done while engaged in the master’s business.
    W. S. Lewis, for pl’ff; Weed, Henry & Meyers, for def’t.
   McADAM, J.

The complaint alleges that on July 20, 1893, the defendant and two of his agents entered the apartments of the plaintiff, and that one of said agents violently assaulted the plaintiff, striking her on the shoulder, and pushing her backward, -whereby she was injured, to her damage $1,000. The presence of the defendant in the apartment does not make him liable, because the facts alleged do not necessarily lead to the implication that he concurred in what was done, or even witnessed it. The plaintiff should therefore have gone a step further, and alleged that the defendant instigated, aided, abetted, or sanctioned the assault; for every fact which a plaintiff must prove to maintain his suit must be distinctly averred. Garvey v. Fowler, 4 Sandf., at page 667; Cole v. Blunt, 2 Bosw., at page 126; Rodi v. Insurannce Co., 6 id., at page 24; Stannard v. Eytinge, 5 Rob. (N. Y.), at page 92. To make one person liable for the acts of another, the pleader should show either a relation between them which in law creates the responsibility, or that the person sought to be held became chargeable by reason of participation or some act tantamount to it. In order to hold the defendant on any other theory, it was necessary for the plaintiff to allege, and, if 'denied, prove, that the acts were done while engaged in the master’s business (Wood, Mast. & Serv. 546): or she might have al leged an assault by the three persons who entered her apartment, for that would have been the legal effect of the wrong, if they were acting in concert. “ By the common law, all are principa}® in an assault and battery, as in other trespasses; and he who counseled, aided, or assisted in any way the commission of a wrong was, in the eye of the law, as much a principal as he who inflicted the blows, and the declaration against him who counseled or aided was consequently the same as against him who actually committed the violence.” Bliss,' Code PI. (2d ed.) § 82» And see Pen. Code, §§ 29, 31. The plaintiff did not adopt any of these courses. She merely alleges- that, the wrong was committed by another, omitting reference to any fact which would make the defendant responsible for the conduct of such other person. Such a complaint is fatally defective when challenged on demurrer. Under the circumstances, the law will not impute to-the defendant an assault and battery upon the plaintiff, which would subject him to criminal prosecution as well as civil liability. Id. §§219, 29, 31.

The objection to the complaint, that it does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, made in the nature of a demurrer at the trial (Code Civil Proc. § 499), must therefore be? sustained, with costs.  