
    William Willett, Jr., Respondent, v. Charles S. Devoy, Individually and as Clerk of the County of Kings, Appellant.
    Second Department,
    November 19, 1915.
    Municipal corporations — liability of public officers for demanding and receiving fees without authority — Public Officers Law, section 67, permitting recovery of treble damages, construed.
    Section 67 of the Public Officers Law, authorizing the recovery of treble damages against a public officer who has received fees without authority, applies to salaried officials who pay over the sums collected to county or municipal officials, as well as to officials who take the fees themselves. Hence, a county clerk who, under the supposed authority of section 3301 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and in apparent reliance upon a court decision, which was subsequently reversed, demanded and received a fee for the certification of the stenographic minutes of a trial, is liable for treble damages under the statute.
    Appeal by the defendant, Charles S. Devoy, individually and as clerk of the county of Kings, from an order of the Appellate Term of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Kings on the 1st day of June, 1915, affirming a judgment of the Municipal Court of the City of New York, borough of Brooklyn, sixth district, in plaintiff’s favor for the sum of $119.48, being for treble damages under section 67 of the Public Officers Law (Consol. Laws, chap. 47; Laws of 1909, chap. .51). (See 90 Mise. Rep. 400.)
    
      Benjamin Reass [Hugo Hirsh and Emanuel Newman with him on the brief], for the appellant.
    
      Otho S. Bowling [Robert H. Elder with him on the brief], for the respondent.
   Putnam, J.:

When plaintiff presented for certification the stenographic minutes of the trial of People v. Willett to the clerk of Kings county, defendant as such clerk demanded thirty-three dollars and twenty-seven cents therefor, at the rate of a cent per folio, under the supposed authority of the Code of Civil Procedure, section 3301. After the court at Special Term had sustained this charge by an order denying plaintiff’s application for a mandamus plaintiff paid the same under protest. Upon appeal to this court from said order plaintiff was held entitled to have the minutes certified without charge. (Matter of Willett v. Devoy, 163 App. Div. 553.)

The office of county clerk of Kings county having been a salaried office since 1902, defendant paid over this fee to the city of New York, as required by Laws of 1901, chapter 704, sections 1, 3, as amended by Laws of 1911, chapters 264, 641. Obviously the county clerk acted in good faith, especially as his action was then justified by a court decision.

Plaintiff’s recovery, for treble the sum paid has been twice sustained. It is now urged that the provisions against extortion in the Public Officers Law are aimed at, and should only be applied to, officials who themselves take the fees, and are not designed for salaried officials who pay over the sums collected to county or municipal officials. The importance of this question has caused permission to be given for the appeal to be heard here.

Such penalties against extortion are ancient. (2 Inst. 150; Neale’s & Rowse’s Case, 13 Oo. Rep. 24-, 26, where extortion was said to be “a great affliction, and impoverishing of the poor subjects.”) No distinction is made on the ground that the official keeps the fee himself. The impoverishment for suitors is not lessened by the fact that the exaction has been paid into the municipal treasury. Treble damages are - not altogether to punish misfeasance in office, but' because such exactions, being often petty in amount, might otherwise be submitted to. A penalty is added in order to induce the person aggrieved to take steps for ascertainment and correction of overcharges. Putting an office on a salary basis does not altogether remove the official tendency to give the office the benefit of the doubt, so as perhaps to increase official revenues and thereby show grounds for a growing salary list and more office expenditures making for increased efficiency.

The Legislature having maintained an ancient safeguard designed to restrain public officials generally from overcharges it is not for the courts, even in cases of entire good faith, to exempt from its provisions the important and increasing class of salaried officials whose exactions may also become oppressive. Such a judge-made restriction on a general statute might bring about uncertainty, confusion and possibly great injustice.

The order of the Appellate Term affirming the judgment of the Municipal Court in favor of plaintiff is, therefore, affirmed, with costs.

Jenks, P: J , Carr, Mills and Rich, JJ., concurred.

Order of the Appellate Term affirming the judgment of the Municipal Court in favor of plaintiff affirmed, with costs.  