
    VAIL v. BROADWAY RAILROAD COMPANY OF BROOKLYN.
    
      City Court of Brooklyn, General Term;
    
    
      November, 1893.
    
      Negligence ; questions of factl\ A horse car of the defendant was operated over a misplaced switch at a rapid pace, in violation of a rule of the company requiring drivers to walk their horses over switches, and thereby the plaintiff, who was riding upon the front platform of the car as a passenger, was thrown from the car and injured. In an action brought by plaintiff to recover for such injuries,—Held, that the questions as to the defendant’s negligence and the plaintiff's contributory negligence were for the jury.
    
      Railroads ; street railroads ; riding upon platform.] Section 46 of the General Railroad Act (A. 1850, c. 40), which exempts companies formed thereunder from liability for injuries occurring to passengers while riding upon the platforms of cars, does not apply to street railroads operated by horse power.
      So held, notwithstanding a statute incorporating a horse railroad company, expressly provides that “ all the provisions of said ” general railroad act “ shall apply to ” said company.
    
      .Same.] A rule of a horse railroad company prohibiting smoking “ except on the front platform,” waives the provisions of Section 46 of the General Railroad Act, where it is proven that plaintiff was smoking and paid his fare on the front platform,
    .Damages.] Where the plaintiff, a working man, 67 years old, was shown to have sustained such painful and lasting injuries, that he was confined to the hospital under surgical treatment for three months, was, at the time of the trial, seven months thereafter, still attended by his surgeon and still suffered great pain, that his leg was permanently shortened, that he will always be lame and will never be able to stand on his feet all day at any employment, and that he could earn his living better with an artificial foot,—Held, that a verdict for $7,500 will not be-set aside as excessive. The case of Morris v. Eighth Ave. R. R. Co. (A Him, 39, not followed.
    Appeal to the General.Term from a judgment of the "Trial Term of the City Court of Brooklyn entered upon a verdict of a jury in favor of the plaintiff for $7,500 damages, and from an order denying the defendant’s motion, for a new trial upon the minutes.
    Action for damages for personal injuries in consequence.of negligence. The opinion states the facts.
    
      Thomas S. Moore, Esq., for the appellant.
    
      Thomas E. Pearsall, Esq., for the respondent.
    
      
      This question was raised, but not decided in Nolan v. Brooklyn City, etc., R. R. Co. 87 N. Y. 63; see Hayes v. Forty-second St. R. R. Co. 97 N. Y. 259. Minor children, not being passengers, are ■forbidden upon the platforms or steps of either steam or street horse cars by L. 1880, c. 585. But a violation of this statute, although provable, does not for all purposes necessarily establish negligence (Connolly v. Knickerbocker Ice Co. 114 N. Y. 104).
    
    
      
      See the recent cases on the measure of damages for causing death or injuring the person, collected and analyzed in 1 University Raw Rev. Nov. 1893,
    
   Osborne, J.

Plaintiff brought this action to recover-damages for injuries alleged to have been sustained by him through the negligence of the defendant’s servants.. He obtained a verdict of the jury in his favor, and from the judgment entered thereon and the order denying a motion for a new trial, this appeal is taken.

It appeared from the evidence in the case, that on October 20, 1892, plaintiff took passage on one of defendant’s horse cars near the corner of Fulton Street and Alabama Avenue with a view of going to his residence.. He was smoking a cigar at the time, and he got on the-front platform of the car, and there paid his fare to the conductor. At, and just beyond the point where plaintiff boarded defendant’s car, there is a network of rails and crossings and switches extending some considerable distance. As the car approached one of these switches, or cross-overs, the tongue of the switch being misplaced, the car was suddenly jerked on to the cross-over, by reason of which plaintiff was thrown from the platform to the street and thereby received the injuries complained of. There-was testimony on the part of the plaintiff that the setting of the switch in question was done by a small boy (the witness Brown), who testified that he got off the car and pushed the tongue of the switch to one side with his. hand ; that it was the custom of the boys to so tend switch for the drivers of the cars in that neighborhood, and that they usually received a penny from the conductor for their trouble. Plaintiff’s evidence further tended to show that, while the car was crossing this switch, it was going at a high rate of speed, which was in direct violation of one of the rules of the company, which required the drivers to walk their horses while crossing a switch, and that the car after striking the switch went some ten feet on to the cross-over, before it was stopped. There was further testimony on the part of the plaintiff seeking to show that the rails at the switch were loose, that they were not properly spiked, that the tongue of the switch was worn down, and that these alleged defects contributed to cause-the car to be thrown to the wrong track. This testimony, however, as to the boys turning the switch, as to the rate of speed of the car, and as to the alleged imperfect condition of the rail and tongue of the switch, was denied by witnesses on the part of the defendant.

It is very plain to us, from a careful perusal of all the testimony in this case, that the question of the negligence of the defendant and of the lack of contributory negligence on the part of the plaintiff was a question for the jury. Enough was made out by the plaintiff on his side uncontradicted, to entitle him to a submission of his case to the jury, and it would have been error to have dismissed the-complaint at the close of the plaintiff’s case. After the presentation of the defendant’s evidence there was a sharp issue presented between the parties on many important points in the case, and it was essentially the province of the jury to determine those disputed points. Accordingly, we think that the motion to dismiss the complaint at the close of the plaintiff’s case, and which was renewed upon the whole case, was properly denied.

The learned counsel for the defendant further claims, that under the statutes in pursuance of which defendant was incorporated, it was not liable for injuries sustained by the plaintiff while riding on the front platform of one of its cars. Defendant proved on the trial that it was organized under chapter 303 of the laws of 1858, and that section 6 of said chapter provided that, “ It shall be lawful for said Augustus Ivins solely or with his associates to organize under an Act of the Legislature entitled ‘ An Act to ■authorize the formation of railroad companies and to regulate the same,’ passed April 2, 1850, and, in the event ■of such organization, all the provisions of said last mentioned act, except the number of persons designated in the first section thereof, shall apply to the said grantee -and his associates, also except the provisions of section 27 ■of said act.” Section 46 of the Act of 1850, commonly known as the General Railroad Act, reads as follows: “Injuries to passengers on platforms, etc. In case any passenger on any railroad shall be injured while on the ■platform of a car, or on any baggage, wood or freight car, -in violation of the printed regulations of the company posted up at the time in a conspicuous place inside of its ■passenger cars, then in the train, such company shall not be liable for the injury, provided said company at the time furnished room inside its passenger cars sufficient for the proper accommodation of the passengers.” Evidence was offered that there was ample room inside of the car from which plaintiff was thrown, there being but two passengers in it at the time of the accident, and it was also shown on the part of the defendant that certain printed regulations were posted in a conspicuous place inside of the car on which plaintiff was a passenger, •and that, among these regulations was one to the effect that passengers were not allowed to ride on the front platform with the driver, and that any passenger breaking this rule did so at his own risk. The learned counsel for the defendant earnestly and ably contends that the ■defendant having complied with the provisions of this section of the General Railroad Act, it was not responsible for the injuries with the plaintiff sustained while riding on the platform of the car. After a very careful examination of this question, we have come to the conclusion that the defendant’s contention cannot be sustained. It seems to us, after perusing these provisions of the General Railroad Act, that the section in question is not applicable to a horse railroad. As was said by'the Court of Appeals, in the matter of the Washington Street Asylum and Park Railroad Company, etc. (115 N. Y. 442,447): “ Undoubtedly, there are some provisions in the act which can only be applied to railroads where the motive power is steam or some other power than horses, but that furnishes, no argument against the application of any of its other sections to horse railroads.” We are left, therefore, to determine from the general reading of the section and the context, whether the legislature intended that it should apply-exclusively to steam cars or to horse cars as well. Looking at the section in question, it seems to us very plain that it is intended only to “ apply to railroads where the motive power is steam or some other power than horses.” Reference is made to a passenger riding on the platform of a car or on any baggage, wood or freight car, and the printed regulations are to be posted “ in a conspicuous place inside of its passenger cars then in the train.” This, language and these provisions seem to us clearly to-indicate that this section was not intended to apply to horse cars. We cannot overlook the fact tha't, in our cities, horse cars are crowded night and morning from front to rear, that conductors not only carry passengers on the platforms, without objection or remonstrance, but also collect fares therefrom. It is further a well-known fact that smoking is allowed by the street.railroad companies on the front platforms ; and in this case plaintiff put in evidence rule 10 of defendant’s book of rules and regulations for its employees, conductors and drivers, which is as follows: “ Smoking. Smoking on the closed cars is prohibited except on the front platform.” It certainly would, in our opinion, be most .inequitable to permit this defendant to shield itself from any of its liabilities as a common carrier behind the provisions of the above-quoted section 46 of the General Railroad Act, while, at the same time, it expressly authorizes its drivers. ■and conductors to permit smoking on the front platforms of its cars, and only on its front platforms, to collect fares from its passengers for riding thereon, in short, to enjoy all the benefits of its franchises and to relieve it from all •of its obligations as a carrier of passengers in that regard.

The verdict for the plaintiff in this case was for $7,500 ■and the learned counsel for the defendant has very strenuously contended that the amount of damages is excessive, and that this court should exercise the power vested in it and reduce the verdict to what the defendant regards to be a more reasonable sum, and we are referred to Morris v. Eighth Avenue R. R. Co. (68 Hun, 39), as authority for such action on our part. We are unable to follow the ■conclusions adopted by the majority of the court in that case, and they seem to us to be in conflict with many •other authorities on the subject. It has been repeatedly stated that the assessment of damages by a jury is one of the most useful attributes of the jury system, and it has come to be an almost universal rule that courts will not interfere with the verdict of a jury, unless they can perceive that it is the result of passion or prejudice, or reached by an utter disregard of the principles of law that the court has laid down for the jury’s guidance in determining the case. The verdict in this case seems to us to be open to no one of these exceptions. It was shown that the injuries which plaintiff sustained were painful, severe and lasting ; he was confined to the hospital under ■surgical treatment for a period of three months, and he is still attended by his surgeon and still suffers great pain ; his leg is permanently shortened ; he will always be lame, and according to the medical testimony will not be able to stand on his feet all day at any employment, and could really earn his living to better advantage with an ■artificial foot. In the face of these facts it cannot be said that the interest on the verdict is more than plaintiff’s ■earnings, and therefore the verdict is excessive; to so hold would be to ignore any compensation to the plaintiff for his pain and suffering, and his being permanently crippled. We are of the opinion that the verdict was not excessive under these circumstances. Even if we thought differently, however, and entertained an opinion that the verdict was a larger one than we ourselves would have ■awarded if sitting as jurors, that would afford no ground for disturbing the verdict, there being nothing to show that the jury were misled in any way, or were actuated by •any improper motive or impulse.

None of the exceptions in the case are tenable, nor do they seem to call for any special discussion. We are accordingly of the opinion that the judgment and order appealed from should be affirmed with costs.

Van WYCK, J., concurred.  