
    The People of the State of New York, Plaintiff, v. Daniel Sullivan, Defendant.
    (Court of General Sessions, City and County of New York,
    May, 1907.)
    Criminal procedure — Sentence, etc.— Power to revoke sentence and impose a heavier.
    The court in a criminal action is without power to revoke a sentence lawfully imposed and partly executed by the commencement of defendant’s imprisonment thereunder for the purpose of imposing a heavier sentence.
    
      Motion to set aside a judgment of conviction. The opinion states the case.
    William Travers Jerome, District Attorney, for motion.
    Carl Fischer-Hansen, opposed.
   Crain, J.

This is a motion that a judgment rendered against Daniel Sullivan by this court on the 19th day of April, 1907, by which judgment the said Daniel Sullivan was sentenced to imprisonment in the penitentiary of the county of New York for a term of two months, be vacated and set aside, and that a judgment and sentence be imposed upon the said Daniel Sullivan of a different character and for a longer term, in the light of the record of said Daniel Sullivan, as disclosed in the affidavits upon which the motion was made.

A preliminary objection to the consideration of this motion on the merits is taken in behalf of the defendant, based on the contention that this court, after the pronouncement-of sentence of" imprisonment, is without power to revoke the sentence for the purpose of imposing a heavier one, where the sentence is itself lawful and has been, in part, executed by the commencement thereunder of the imprisonment of the defendant. I am referred to a number of cases in other States in which the question involved in this contention is discussed, and in some of which such power in the court is denied. I am referred to no case directly in point in this State; and, in the short time which has been at my disposal, I have been unable to find any. The objection to the exercise of such power by the court is that, could it. be exercised, a defendant, in violation of his constitutional rights, might be' punished twice for the same offense — first, by undergoing imprisonment under the first sentence, and then by undergoing imprisonment under the second. This is the. view taken by the Supreme Court of the United States in, the case of Ex parte Lange, 18 Wall. 163. In the case of Gresham v. State, 19 Tex. 504, the court says on this point, at page 515: “ But in criminal cases the power of courts over their judgments during the term at which they are rendered does not extend to cases where punishment has already been inflicted in whole or in part (Ex parte Lange, 18 Wall. [U. S.] 163): ‘A conviction followed by an endurance of punishment will bar further prosecution for the same offense.’ (Wharton Crim. Prac. & Pl., 8th ed., sec. 460, citing Comm. v. Loud, 3 Met. 328; Comm, v. Keith, 8 Met. 531; Fritz v. The State, 40 Ind. 18).

“In the judgment of conviction rendered in the county court and which was read as evidence by the defendant in support of his plea of former conviction, it is recited and ordered that he be remanded to the custody of the sheriff of Hunt County till such fine and costs are fully paid.’ It was as stated a day or two after the rendition of this judgment that the Court of its own motion set it aside. It is but fair and reasonable to presume that in the interim between its rendition and attempted annulment and vacation the defendant had, according to its terms, either paid the fine and costs imposed or been held in custody by the sheriff in default of such payment. If so, in either event he had suffered some punishment under said judgment, and it was then beyond the power of the Court either to set it aside, vacate, annul or change it in any substantial respect, unless at the instance or on motion of the defendant.”

See to the same effect Brown v. Rice, 57 Maine, 55; 2 Am. Rep. 1, where the question is discussed.at considerable length by Judge Kent; also State v. Davis, 31 La. Ann. 249; People v. Meservey, 76 Mich. 223, and People v. Kelly, 79 id. 320.

On these and other cases, I am inclined to the view that this preliminary objection is well taken and sustained by authority. This view constrains me to deny the present motion.

Motion denied.  