
    SMITH H. BRACEY and NELLIE A. BRACEY, Co-Partners, Trading as S. H. Bracey Company, et al. vs. DAVID McGARY.
    
      .Alterations in instruments: question for jury. Agents: evidence of—; proof of agencyj authority to correct dates. Contracts: providing for notice; waiver; effect of—. Declarations: amendments; proceeding with trial; discretion of court. Evidence: exclusion; subsequent admission. Prayers: effect of court’s instruction.
    
    Where the date of an instrument has not been stricken out, but a different date was simply written over it in load pencil, the court is not warranted in refusing to admit the instrument in evidence, but the question whether the instrument has been altered should be submitted to the jury.
    The introduction of evidence of an act of an alleged agent,, without first proving his agency, does not warrant the reversal of a judgment where it appears from the record that the agency was subsequently proved.
    If there is a mistake in the date of a written contract, the promisee has the right to correct the date with the consent of the promissor’s agent.
    The question whether a party to a contract has consented to-an alteration by the other party is to be determined by the jury..
    Where a contract provides for notice in writing by one of the parties, the right to receive such notice may be waived by the conduct of the other party.
    Proof of a waiver of notice obviates the necessity of complying with it.
    
      The question whether the trial judge should permit a declaration to be amended and should proceed with the trial, is in the discretion of the trial judge, and will not be reviewed in the absence of a great abuse of discretion.
    Where, in addition to prayers granted at the defendant’s request, the trial judge of his own accord instructs the jury, it is not improper to mark, such instruction “Granted as court’s own instruction,” and to head it “Court’s Instruction.'”
    When the court gives, an instruction, whether framed by itself or the attorneys, it is the duty of the jury to follow it, and if the court errs the remedy is by appeal.
    
      Decided March 7th, 1919.
    
    Appeal from the Baltimore City Court. (Duffy, J.)
    The facts are stated in the opinion of the Court.
    The cause was argued before Boyd, C. J., Briscoe, Thomas and Urner, JJ.
    
      Harry N. Abercrombie and Arthur L. Jackson, for the appellants.
    
      Israel B. Brodie (with whom were Harry B. Wolf and Brodie & Sacks on the brief), for the appellee.
   Boyd, C. J.,

delivered the opinion of the Court.

This is an appeal from a judgment obtained by the appellee against the appellants for $3,430.00. In addition to the common counts there are five special counts, but all of them are on an alleged contract by the appellants to purchase from the appellee 3,000 shares of the preferred stock and 6,000 shares of the common stock of the Howie Mining Company, -and to pay therefor the par value of the preferred stock, to wit, $3,000.00. The agreement, after reciting that McGary (the appellee) who is the party of the second part, had purchased from S; H. Bracey Company, the party of the first part, the shares of stock above mentioned, provided that in consideration of said purchase and of the sum of one dollar in hand paid, the party of the first part “agrees to and does hereby guarantee to repurchase, at the election of the second party, on thirty days written demand and notice at any time after one year, and within two years from the date of this instrument, the amount of preferred and common stock so sqM to the party of the second part, and pay therefor the amount of the par value of the said preferred stock with interest thereon at seven per cent, to the date of such repurchase,” etc.

The date of the agreement alleged in the amended declaration was the 28th day of September, 1914:. The agreement has in ink the 16th day of September, and written in lead pencil over the 16th is 23. The introduction of the agreement in writing was objected h> on the ground that it is apparent upon the face of the paper that it, had been materially altered by changing the date. The objection was overruled and the contract was admitted in evidence. To that action of the Court- the defendant excepted, and that is presented by the first bill of exceptions- As tbe effect of the alleged alteration is one of the principal questions in the case, we will first consider that. Inasmuch as the “16th” was not stricken out, but “28” was simply written in lead pencil over it, it might well be questioned whether there was properly speaking an alteration, if that wias all which occurred. It was therefore not so clearly shown upon its face that" it had been altered as to authorize the Court to refuse to admit it in evidence, and there was at least sufficient doubt about it to submit the question to the jury. 1 R. C. L. 969, sec. 5; 2 C. J. 1292, sec. 218. But in addition to that the appellee contends that what was done was with the full consent of Wyatt, the general manager for the appellants. The rule that before the act of an alleged agent can be offered in evidence the agency must first be proven is, relied on by the appellants, but even if it be conceded that there was error in admitting the evidence, until the agency was proven, it can not, in this case be beld to be a reversible error. After the contract was admitted, the appellee testified that he came into possession of it on the 28th of September, 1914, that there were in the office Bracey, his wife, Hellie A. Bracey, a man named Dorsey, one named LaDue and C. E. Wyatt, who was appellants’ general'manager; that Bracey and his wife put the contract and the two certificates of stock which he had purchased in an envelope and he took them to his room where he discovered that there was a mistake of the date; that he went back to Bracey’s office and he was not there, but Wyatt was, and he pointed out the mistake to Wyatt and made the lead pencil mark of the 28th in the presence of Wyatt, that he “wanted it to compare with the correct date”; that Wyatt said: “When Bracey comes bade we will have this corrected, but it is immaterial, it does not amount to nothing anyhow * * *. You are right, this is the 28th;” that “there was nothing more said about it. So Bracey did not come back for quite a while. I writ the ‘28th’ myself with lead pencil in the presence of Wyatt.” In answer to the question, “Who told you to do that, did Wyatt say anything,” he replied: “Wyatt agreed to it. I done it myself. Wyatt agreed to it; saw me make this pencil mark.” McGary also said that that was the fifth purchase of similar stock he had made from Bracey, that he had made one on September 16, 1914, and on the 28th he gave Bracey for the 3,000 shares of preferred and 6,000 shares of common stock a contract of a sale of some property he had sold to one Lashom for $3,000 and also a note of Lashom for $100.

Bracey testified that he and his wife were partners trading as 8'. H. Bracey Company, and that Wyatt was their General Manager; that in his absence she signed some blank contracts for Wyatt, that Wyatt “had authority and if you can show anything in his writing and signed by my wife I will acknowledge it. He was authorized to deliver contracts to purchasers of stock. He had full and complete authority to- do' anything and everything in my absence, and those blanks were entrusted to him.” Bracey testified that he was not in Wheeling, where this transaction took place, on September 28, but was in New York. Wyatt also denied the transaction was on the 28th, and said it was on the 16th of September. Mrs. Braeey testified that she was a partner, that Wyatt was the manager for Mr. Braeey and herself, and she also said that he was not in Wheeling on the 28th of September. It was therefore shown that Wyatt had full and complete authority to do anything and everything in Bracey’s absence, and it would be a gross injustice to defeat the appellee’s recovery on the ground that he had altered the contract, if what he testified to was true. If in point of fact there was a mistake in the date, and he noted it on the contract, with Wyatt’s consent—the latter representing S. H. Braeey Company—there can be no doubt about the right of MeGary to make the alteration, if it be such. 1 R. C. L. 987, see. 25; 2 C. J. 1238, sec. 113. The question of consent is for the jury. 1 R. C. L. 971, sec. 5; 2 C. J. 1292, 1294, secs. 218 and 221.

That being so we have indicated above that even if there was error in admitting the contract or the evidence of the appellee in reference to the date before it Was shown that Wyatt was duly authorized, as that subsequently appears in the testimony, we would not reverse the judgment for that reason. It became a question of fact for the jury, and it was submitted by the Court’s instruction, and the defendants’ third prayer, which was granted, instructed the jury that if they found that the contract sued on was in fact made on the 16th of September, 1914, then under the pleadings the verdict must he for the defendants. The appellants have therefore no reason to complain of that action of the Court. The question we quoted above, as to. who told the appellee to write the 28th on the contract, was objected to, and the answer is given. The action of the Court on that objection constitutes the second exception, and there can be no doubt about the Court being correct in that ruling.

The third, fourth and fifth exceptions can be considered together. The appellee testified that he went to- see Mr. and Mrs. Braeey in the latter part of 1915 to get his money which he claimed to be due on this contract. That was. in the third exception, and in the fourth he testified that Braeey told him to bring him his papers and he would pay him. He said he told him to bring in the stock certificates on Monday and that on the following Saturday he would pay him $23,000 at seven per cent.; that that took in all the contracts at that time, including the one in this suit. There was a motion to ■strike out that evidence, which was overruled, and an exception was taken. Undoubtedly the appellants could.waive the notice in writing provided for in the contract, and the testimony in the third and fourth exceptions tended to show such waiver. MeGary said he went on Saturday and Bracey put him off until Tuesday; that he went back Tuesday, but he did not pay him, and he demanded the money. H‘e told Bracey that he would sue him and he went out to get a lawyer. He first employed Mr. Jones', who did not get the money, and then he got another lawyer. He said that the written notice of December 14, 1915, was signed by him, but that the body of it was written by Wyatt at his request. The appellants admitted service of the notices; one of which was to S. H. Bracey, and a similar one to Mrs. Bracey. It was as follows:

“bTotice is hereby given you that in pursuance of a certain.contract or guarantee agreement underwriting my several blocks of stocks of the Howie Mining Company, aggregating Twenty-three thousand two hundred dollars ($23,200.00) and interest thereon, I am giving you the required thirty days’ notice to retire the same under the conditions and agreements of said contract.”

Counsel for the appellants noted an exception and asked the Court to strike out the evidence relating to the waiver of notice—that the other side could not take both positions in reference to notice. The Court overruled the motion, refused to strike out the testimony and admitted the notices in writing, to which action the appellants excepted, and that constitutes the fifth exception. We find no error in that action of the Court. The appellee was not required to' rely on the waiver, and after finding that the appellants did not pay the money, lie bad the right to give notice in writing—it being within the time named in the contract. The case of Produce Exchange v. N. Y., P. & N. R. R. Co., 130 Md. 106, cited by appellants, does not in any way conflict with that conclusion. On the contrary it only shows that when a stipulation is waived, it is not necessary to show that it was duly observed, that.“The proof of waiver obviates the necessity of proving compliance.” In the former trial of that case (122 Md. 231) there was a question as to whether a claim for a loss was made within the time named in the bill of lading, and the Court said it might be inferred from the circumstances mentioned that it Was, but added that if it be assumed that it was not, “it is clear that this limitation could be waived.” That ease therefore shows that both positions—waiver and compliance—could be and were taken.

On cross-examination of McGary the attorney for appellants called his attention to the fact that he had in his declaration alleged that on the 16th of September, 1914, the defendants agreed to purchase from the plaintiff this stock, etc., and asked him if he referred to the contract of the 16th which he had, or to the one dated the 16th, which he said should he dated the 28th. He replied that he was referring to the one of the 28th, and thereupon, on motion of the plaintiff, the Court permitted him to amend his declaration and his bill of particulars filed to the common counts, so. as to aver the cause of action to be as of September 28th, instead of September 16th, and required the parties to proceed with the trial. That action was embraced in the sixth exception. It cannot be doubted that the allowance of the amendment was in the discretion of the Court, as was the question whether the trial should proceed. It would require a great abuse of the discretion vested in the trial Court to authorize this Court to review its action on such matters. In this ease there was no such abuse shown as to even require us to go into that question. The case w'as not tried until June, 1918, and the record abundantly shows that the appellants knew as early as 1915 the contention of the appellee that the contract was made on the 28th, and not on the 16th. Indeed, in the letter dated December 16, 1915, Bracey, in writing to McGary, said: “I am now informed that you forged that date so as to make it the 28th to cover the $3,000 block that you got on that date”—referring to September 16th. There could therefore have been no ground to claim surprise, even if we could review the action of the Court.

While time could have been saved by letting the witness answer the question presented by the seventh exception, it is impossible to find any injury by that ruling. The witness had already in effect answered the question, and the jurors, if men of ordinary intelligence, as they are presumed to be, could not have failed to understand what the notice mleant and what the witness said. They certainly understood what the judge meant when he said: “He has answered that question by producing; a sixth contract, six blocks of stock.” Bracey spoke of “the $3,000 block,” in the letter above referred to, and as each contract spoke of so much ¡stock, there could not Well be more than one meaning to the expression of the judge. It is not clear what is meant by the eighth exception. It is to the “action and ruling of the Court in refusing, to have said papers marked and admitted in evidence.” The record states: “The three contracts referred to by the witness in the aforegoing evidence were, first the contract that is the cause of action in this case; second, a contract for the repurchase of 6,000 shares of common stock, reading as follows;” (an agreement dated the 16th day of September, 1914, is then set out) “And third, a white paper, reading as follows.” The latter is not a contract and does not purport to be one, but it is made up of statements “from Dunn’s report and other reliable sources,” as stated at the beginning in which a short history of Mr. Bracey is given, then a list of some of the assets owned by Bracey and wife, aggregating $930,000.00, and a great many other things which might have been pleasant for Mr. Bracey to read but most of them had nothing to do with this case, and none of them could have helped the cause of the appellants.

We do not see any relevancy tlie papers referred to in the ninth exception could possibly have to this. case. The notice referred to was in reference to a guarantee of the Eqnitahle Homestead Association stock, while the evidence showed that the appellee paid for the stock in the contract in this case by transferring an agreement witb Lashorn to purchase McGary’s property and a note for $100.00, from which appellee swore Bracey told him that he got $2,500.00. The guarantee of the Equitable Homestead stock of September 17, 1914, was however afterwards admitted, and hence its exclusion in that exception could not possibly have done any harm. The tenth exception was to the admission of a typewritten contract, filled in with pen and ink and dated October 5, 1914, calling for a repurchase of $5,000.00 of preferred stock. It was. admissible to contradict the witness), if for no other purpose. The eleventh exception is not pressed. The letter and telegram offered in the twelfth exception were properly excluded. They could not have materially corroborated Bracey if they had been admissible or had been admitted without objection, as after all the time and place of their receipt, depended on his evidence. The 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th exceptions are not pressed. The letter admitted in the seventeenth exception could have done no possible harm to the defendants, or have been of any benefit to the plaintiff.

This brings us to the prayers. The defendants offered eleven prayers, the third and fourth of which were granted as offered and the seventh as modified, and the others were rejected. The Court also gave an instruction of its own. The first and second, which sought to take the ease from the jury, were properly rejected. The contention of the appellants is that- there was no demand for the payment of the money, and hence under the contract the appellee was. not entitled to recover. We have given our views above as to the waiver and the written notices, but it is contended that as. the demand was for $23,200.00 and not specifically for the $3,000.00 provided for in the contract, there was really no waiver and no demand. The evidence of the appellee and also of Mr. Jones, the attorney who called on Bracey, shows that he had the different contracts and certificates- of stock with him, and that they amounted in the aggregate to $23,-200.00. Mr. Jones did not recall the exact amount, hut he said “I had certain papers in my hand that aggregated $23,-000 * * *. I had several papers. I had some stock. I don’t know whether I had one certificate or two certificates, and I had some yellow sheets. I don’t know just what I did have. 1 had several papers, that is all I know.” The Court then asked him to look at the cause of action and state whether that was one of the papers on which he founded a demand for $23,000.00, and, after examining the-same, he replied, “I firmly believe that is one of the papers.” Mr. Jones also testified that Bracey told him that he could not co-mp-ly with the agreement and he offered him a note of himself and his wife; that “He did not deny any liability at all. He did not suggest for one minute that he did not owe the money. He practically admitted it by telling me that he would give me his wife’s no-te signed by himself, a jo-int note.” McGary testified that he went to Bracey’s office in November or the first of December, 1915, “and made a demand; asked him to pay fo-r this stock which he had promised to- redeem, I asked Smith H. Bracey for this money”—again he said: “I asked Smith H. Bracey for this money that was due on this contract, or to redeem the stock back, which was to- be redeemed in a year after the date, 1914; it was to- become due, the first payment was due 191i5, and he said he had not the money. He owned that he owed me.” We have- stated above what he said about bringing the stock certificates Monday and that he would pay him Saturday the $23,200.00 and seven per cent. He said, “That took in all of the contracts at that time, including this one.” He explained that the reference to “a certain contract or guarantee agreement underwriting my several blocks of stock of the Howie Mining Company, aggregating” $23,200.00, referred to the aggregate- of the- different contracts. In addition to that he said that Wyatt wrote the written notice for him and of course he understood that McGary referred to the aggregate. Then the letter of November 6, 1916, from Mrs. Bracey showed that they thoroughly understood what the appellee was claiming, and assured him that he would get his money if he was patient.

There can therefore he no doubt about there being ample evidence of a waiver, also to show that the demand was intended to cover the amount of this, contract as well as the other contracts, and that these parties thoroughly understood that—even to the extent of proposing a settlement by giving their note. It is difficult to understand the theory of the fifth, sixth, eighth and eleventh prayers in reference to the shares of stock of the Equitable Homestead Association. That stock was not given under this, contract, hut was under a sale of 7,225 shares of stock of the Howie Mining Company, as shown by the guarantee itself. Moreover, the letter of McGary to Bracey said that he would take that stock back, “you trans (evidently meaning transfer,) the certificates over to me signed before a notary, and I will exchange the same amount hack to you.” We do not find in the record that the proposition was ever carried out, but on the contrary the letter of December 29, 1914, left the matter open. This suit is on the contract originally dated the J6th of September, 1934, which the plaintiff contends, was the 28th, and recovery could only be had on that contract. It says that McGary had purchased 3,000 shares of preferred stock and 6,000 shares of common stock, while the guarantee, which includes the Equitable Homestead stock says that it was in consideration of 7,225 shares of preferred stock. That letter of December 29, 1914, admits that McGary had the guarantee on the $3,000.00 of stock that he paid cash for. Even if the Equitable stock was. in this transaction, which the papers show was not the case, upon what principle those prayers should have been granted we do not understand. There is nothing in them submitting to the jury the question whether the defendants lost anything by the writing mentioned, or whether McGary did not exchange the amount as he offered to do, or whether Bracey did not get all or part of the proceeds of the Equitable stock. There can be no possible doubt about the Court being correct in rejecting all of those prayers, and it is unnecessary to give other reasons for that conclusion. The seventh prayer was also properly rejected. The evidence shows that the appellee was ready to deliver the stock upon payment of the money, but the appellants refused or were unable to pay it. What we have said is sufficient to indicate our views on the question presented by the ninth and tenth prayers, which were properly rejected.

There was no reversible error in the Court’s instruction. The appellee might well have complained, if he had lost the case, for not submitting the question of waiver as well as that of the notices, but the appellants have no reason to complain of that instruction. A good deal of space in appellants’ brief is taken up in criticising the fact that it was marked “Granted as Court’s’ own instruction,” and is headed “Court’s instruction.” So far as we are aware, something to the effect of those endorsements is generally, if not always, written on instructions given by the Court, independent of, or in addition to the prayers presented by the parties. It has sometimes been said, in opinions in this Court, that the lower Court should have given instructions, instead of leaving the jury uninstructed on points not presented by the prayers, or so presented that the Court did not approve them. When the Court gives an instruction, whether framed by itself or by the attorneys, it is the duty of the jury to follow it, and if the Court errs, the remedy is by appeal. Such action of the Court has-no similarity whatever to what was disapproved of in United Railways Co. v. Corbin, 109 Md. 442, relied on by the appellants.

It follows from what we have said that the judgment must be affirmed.

Judgment affirmed, the appellcmts to pay the costs.  