
    Daniel D. Foster and another vs. Maria L. Conger.
    By virtue of the statutes of 1860 and 1862, relative to the rights of married women, {Laws of 1860, eh. 90; Laws of 1862, eh. 172,) a married woman ■ may make bargains, carry on any trade, or business, and perform labor and services on her own separate account, and for her own exclusive benefit, the same as though she were unmarried; and all the earnings and profits belong to her, exclusively, and are her sole and separate estate.
    She may also sue and be sued upon any and all bargains, obligations and liabilities made, or incurred, in her business, the same as though she were sole.
    If an action is brought against her, in reference to her business, it is brought • in the same manner as against any other individual. The liability is personal ; and if a judgment is obtained, upon it, it is a personal judgment, to be enforced against any property she may have, liable to execution, as in ordinary cases.
    If, in any such action, the plaintiff would be entitled to judgment, were the defendant a single woman, he is entitled to it though she be married. The obligation, and the liability, of the wife, in such a case, are the same, precisely, as though she had never contracted marriage.
    In such an action, it is not of the slightest consequence, in respect to the plaintiff’s right of action, and to recover a judgment against the defendant, that she had no separate estate before engaging in the business in which the debt was contracted; nor that the debt was not incurred for the benefit of a separate estate afterwards acquired by her.
    APPEAL, by the plaintiffs, from a judgment entered upon the report of a referee.
    This action was brought to recover $366.51, being a balance claimed to be due for sewing machines sold to the defendant by one William C. Orcutt, the claim having ' been duly assigned to the plaintiffs before suit. The defendant'claimed that the machines were not sold; but were consigned, to her, and that she did the business as agent, on commission.
    The action was referred to a referee, who found the following facts:- That the defendant, a married woman, in the years 1867 and 1868, engaged, as agent'of William C. Oreutt, to sell the Florence sewing machine on behalf of the" said Oreutt, for a commission of 20 per cent off, with the consent of her husband, and conducted the negotiations and business in her own name, and ostensibly on her own separate account; that on the first day of April, 1869, there was due and unpaid to the said Oreutt," on account of sales made by her, the sum of forty-nine dollars and ninety-one cents, which, with interest to date- of the report, was |52.25, and that before the commencement of this action, the said demand was duly assigned to the plaintiffs. -o That the defendant had no separate estate when she entered into the engagement with Oreutt, to act as his agent in the sale of the said machines. . That in September, 1868, she acquired a separate estate, but that the said demand was not contracted by her for the benefit thereof.
    And as matter of law, the referee found that the defendant was not liable for said demand, and that the same could not be made a charge upon her separate estate. He therefore directed judgment for the defendant.
    
      Irving G. Vann, for the appellants.
    
      F. David, for the respondent.
   By the Court, Johnson, J.

The conclusion of law drawn by the referee, is clearly erroneous upon the facts found by him. He finds that the business in which the defendant was engaged wag her separate business/ conducted and carried on by her for her own exclusive benefit, and that there was due from her in that business, and unpaid, the sum of $52.25. And yet he holds and decides that she was not liable in the action, and renders judgment in her favor. This appears to be based upon another finding of fact, to wit, that at the time the defendant engaged in this business she had no separate estate, and that although she acquired a separate estate during the progress of the business in which the debt was incurred, such debt was not contracted for the benefit of such estate.

Neither the fact that she had no separate estate before engaging in this business, nor the other fact, that this demand was not incurred for .the benefit of the separate estate she afterwards acquired, was of the slightest consequence in respect to the plaintiff’s right of action, and to % judgment against the defendant.' The liability was contracted by her in the business in which she was engaged, and which she was carrying on for her own exclusive benefit. It was a personal obligation and liability, for which she alone was responsible under the statutes of 1860 and 1862, on the subject of the rights of married women. [Sess. Laws of 1860, ch. 90; Laws of 1862, ch. 172.) By virtue of these statutes a married woman may make bargains, carry on any trade, or business, and perform labor and services on her own separate account, and for her own exclusive benefit, the same as though she were unmarried, and all the earnings and profits belong to her exclusively, and are her sole and separate estate. She may also sue and be sued upon any and all bargains, obligations, and liabilities made or incurred in her business, the same as though she were sole.

If an action is brought against her in reference to her® business, it is brought in the same manner as against any other individual. The liability is personal, and if a judgment is obtained upon it, it is a personal judgment, to be enforced against any property she may have, liable to execution, as in ordinary cases. This is in accordance with the views expressed by this court in Ainsley v. Mead, (3 Lans. 116,) and is, we think, the logical and unavoidable result of all the recent legislation on this subject of the rights of married women. If, in any such action, the plaintiff would be entitled to judgment were the defendant o single woman, he is entitled to it though she be married. The obligation and the liability of the wife, in such a case, are the same, precisely, as though she had never contracted marriage.

[Fourth Department, General Term, at Syracuse,

November 13,1871.

There can be no question, in this case, that the business in which this demand originated, whether she was a purchaser of the machines, or sold them merely as agent, was her own separate business, because she' testifies, expressly, that her husband “had nothing to do with it, or with the profits of it.” It is not material, now, to inquire whether, upon the evidence, the defendant was a purchaser of the machines, or a mere agent to sell them. That question will be open for determination upon all the evidence, on the new trial. The business being her separate business, she would be liable in either character for the amount found to be due and unpaid.

The judgment must' therefore be reversed, and a new trial ordered, with costs to abide the event.

Mullin, P.J., and Johnson and Talcott, Justices.]  