
    George A. Gumby, an Infant, by Mary L. Clayton, his Guardian ad Litem, Respondent, v. Metropolitan Street Railway Company, Appellant.
    
      Negligence — boys crossing street railroad tracks in front of a car—proof that a witness was hoslile to a party.
    
    In an action to recover damages for personal injuries, it appeared that the plaintiff, a boy five years of age, in charge of a lad about eleven years of age, attempted to cross from the west to the east side of a street upon which the defendant operated a horse railroad; that there was a wagon and a car on the westerly or downtown track and a car preceded by a wagon on the easterly or uptown track; that the boys waited to allow the wagon on the westerly track to pass and then stepped into the space between the two tracks; that after the wagon going northerly on the easterly track had also passed, they attempted to cross that track; that the elder boy crossed in safety, but that as the plaintiff reached the easterly rail he was struck by the off horse of the team attached to the north-bound car.
    There was evidence tending to show that when the boys were standing in the •space between the two tracks the car was from twenty to fort}'- feet distant, and that the horses were being driven at the rate of from ten to twelve miles an hour and that the driver was urging them on.
    
      Held, that the question of the defendant’s negligence and of the contributory negligence of the elder boy were properly submitted to the jury.
    Where, on the trial of such an action, a witness sworn on behalf of the defendant is asked on his cross-examination whether he did not visit the plaintiff’s grandmother and solicit her to retain an attorney who was a friend of his to bring an action against the defendant, and whether he did not say that if that lawyer was retained he would be a witness for the plaintiff, and that he would be a witness for the defendant if the case were not given to such attorney, and the witness answers such questions in the negative, the plaintiff's grandmother may be permitted to testify that the witness had stated to her the several things which he denied on his cross-examination.
    Ingraham, J., dissented.
    Appeal by the defendant, the Metropolitan Street Railway Company, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 11th day of May, 1901, upon the verdict of a jury for $7,500, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 24th day of May, 1901, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      
      Charles F. Brown, for the appellant.
    
      J. Brownson Fet\ for the respondent.
   Patterson, J.:

The plaintiff, a boy five years of age, in charge of another lad about eleven years old, attempted to cross from the west to the east side of Sixth avenue at about the southerly corner of Third street. There was a wagon and a car proceeding on the westerly or downtown track, and also a car preceded by a wagon moving northward on the easterly or uptown track. The boys waited to allow the wagon on the westerly track to pass and then stepped into the space between the two tracks; the wagon that was going northward also passed and then they attempted to cross the easterly track. The elder boy crossed in safety, but the younger, just as he reached the easterly rail, was struck by the off horse, was knocked down, run over, and when he was taken up he was lying under the car between the front and rear wheels and directly under the fourth seat from the front. His injuries were very serious. There was evidence to show that the horses were being driven at a rapid rate of from ten to twelve miles an hour and that the driver was urging them on. The attribution of negligence is that the driver should have stopped the car so as to have avoided the accident, and that he might have done so.

When this case was before us on a former appeal, it appeared in evidence that when the boys were standing in the space between the two tracks the car was distant somewhere from twenty to forty feet from them, and it was held that if that were so, and there being nothing to obstruct the driver’s view, if he, regardless of the child’s position, urged his horses at a rapid rate of speed with the result that one of them struck and injured the boy before he could cross the east rail, there was enough to carry the case to the jury on the subject of the defendant’s negligence. (29 App. Div. 335.) Upon an examination of the present record, I find that there is in it the same evidence on the subject of the distance of the car from the boys while they were standing in the space between the tracks as appeared in the record of the first trial, but the plaintiff’s witnesses are contradicted, and there is an irreconcilable conflict of evidence upon that subject. Eldridge, the elder boy, swears that when he and the plaintiff got between the tracks they looked to see where the car was and that it was by the barber shop on the east side of Sixth avenue. That barber shop is about thirty feet south of the southerly crossing of Third street. He said on his cross-examination, it was “ past the barber shop by that time.” Joseph Merchant, a witness for the plaintiff, testified that when he saw the two boys in motion between the two tracks the car was away from them about thirty to thirty-five feet; that the horses of the car were moving very fast; that the driver of the ear was whipping them up with his lines. This witness also swears that he had experience in riding and driving horses.

The theory of the defense was, and there was evidence to sustain it, that when the boys attempted to cross the second track they were only about seven or eight feet in front of the car horses. The driver .of the car swears that when he first saw the boys the plaintiff was running towards his car, looking towards it, and that his head was directed away from the car, and that he was about fifteen or twenty feet away from the Third street crossing, and that there was a space of about ten feet between the heads of the horses drawing the car and the wagon in front of it on the track. It was a plain conflict of evidence for the consideration of the jury, and it is not shown to a demonstration, as the defendant’s counsel insists, that the accident could not have been avoided by the defendant’s driver, nor is the verdict against the whole evidence in view of the condition of the testimony as above suggested.

On the question of contributory negligence the case was properly one for the jury. It is contended by the defendant that the elder boy was guilty affirmatively of some negligence which should prevent a recovery. I find nothing specific in the record to establish that contention directly, nor does it result inferentially. Counsel for the defendant asked the court to charge that, assuming the Eldridge boy was a proper person to take the Gumby boy out, that then any negligence on the part of the Eldridge boy, while he was in charge of the Gumby boy, would bar a recovery,” and that any contributory negligence at the time of the occurrence upon the part of the Eldridge boy ” would bar a recovery, and the court so charged. The court also instructed the jury that the Eldridge boy was chargeable with a degree of intelligence and a breadth of judgment which was commensurate with his years, and that view of the law was assented to by both sides.

I am not able to find in this record anything that would authorize the court to say, as matt&r of law, that there was negligence on the part of Eldridge in attempting to cross the easterly track with the younger child, under the circumstances, as they must have been found by the jury. Counsel for the defendant, by not excepting, assented to the proposition of law laid down by the judge that the elder boy was required to exercise only such judgment as could be expected of a child of his years, and it was for the jury to say, under all the circumstances of the case, whether he was guilty of negligence contributing to the accident in attempting to cross the track with the younger boy as and when he did.

A colored clergyman by the name of Tompkins was called as a witness for the defendant and swore that the plaintiff ran immediately in front of the horses of the downtown car, and in so doing ran into the horses of the uptown car. On his cross-examination he was asked if he did not go to see the plaintiff's grandmother and solicit her to retain a colored lawyer, a friend of his, to bring an action against the defendant, and if he did not say that if that lawyer was employed he, Tompkins, would be a witness for the plaintiff, and that he would be a witness for the railroad company if the case were not given to his legal friend. These questions were answered in the negative. Thereafter, the grandmother was called as a witness, and she was permitted to testify that Tompkins had stated to her the several things above mentioned which he had denied on his cross-examination. It is urged that it was error to admit this testimony of the grandmother on the ground that Tompkins could not be contradicted as to collateral matter. It was not collateral matter. The evident intent was to show that Tompkins was a hostile witness, and that his hostility was inspired by the fact that his friend was not employed as an attorney to bring an action. “ The hostility of a witness towards a party against whom he is called may be proved by any competent evidence. It may be shown by cross-examination of the witness, or witnesses may be called who can swear to facts showing it. There can be no reason for holding that the witness must first be examined as to his hostility, and that then, and not till then, witnesses may be called to contradict him.” (People v. Brooks, 131 N. Y. 325.) In Miles v. Sackett (30 Hun, 68) it is remarked that “in Starks v. People (5 Denio, 106) it was said that ‘it is always competent to show the relations which exist between the witness and the party against, as well as the one for, whom he was called.’ And this principle was approved in Newton v. Harris (2 Seld. 345). The same point was considered in Cameron v. Montgomery (13 Serg. & Rawle, 128). And it was. there stated by Tilghman, C. J., that ‘ a party against whom a witness is produced has a right to show everything which may in the slightest degree affect his credit.’ In Schultz v. Third Avenue Railroad Company (89 N. Y. 250) it is said, “ Inquiry into the state of the feelings of a witness toward either party is not collateral, and may always be made.”

The judgment and order appealed from should be affirmed, with costs.

Van Brunt, P. J., and Laughlin, J., concurred; Ingraham, J., dissented.

Ingraham, J. (dissenting):

I do not concur in the affirmance of this judgment. There is nothing in the testimony that would justify a jury in finding that when these boys started to cross the track upon which the car that run over the plaintiff was proceeding, the car was over eight or ten feet ahead of the boys. The witness Lyon, who was sworn for the plaintiff, testified that when the boys started to cross the track the front horse was about thirty or forty feet from them, and the horses were then going at about the rate of ten or twelve miles an hour. It appeared, however, that the boys crossed the west track and stood between the two tracks to allow a wagon to pass that was proceeding northward upon the east track, and the witness stated upon cross-examination that this wagon was ahead of the horses of the car about ten, twelve or eight feet, and it was after the wagon going uptown had passed that the boys started to cross the track. The witness reiterates this several times, and it is apparent that he intended to say that when the boys started to cross the track the horses attached to the car were thirty or forty feet away, but while standing to allow the wagon to pass, the car had time to get up so that the horses of the car were but eight, ten or twelve feet from the wagon when it passed the boys. The witness was asked: “ How far were they (the boys) in front of the horses when they started to cross that second track ? A. About eight or nine feet, or six or seven, I can’t say exactly.” None of the other witnesses testified to any fact which contradicted this evidence. The Eldridge boy, who was with the plaintiff, expressly testified that he could not tell how far behind the wagon the car was. The witness Merchant testified that when lie first saw the boys between the two tracks, the horses were thirty to thirty-five feet away, but all the testimony shows that the two boys waited for the wagon going north to pass, and there is nothing to show when the boys attempted to cross, after the wagon had passed, that the car which struck them was over eight or ten, or at the most twelve feet away, and that at this distance, with the utmost attention or care on the part of the driver, he could possibly have avoided the accident.

I think the judgment should be reversed.

Judgment and order affirmed, with costs.  