
    Fnu SHIERLY; Lotfi Hamlaoui, Petitioners, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES, Respondent.
    No. 04-3030.
    United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
    Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) March 22, 2005.
    Decided Aug. 18, 2005.
    Fnu Shierly, Harrisburg, PA, pro se.
    Lotfi Hamlaoui, Harrisburg, PA, pro se.
    Jonathan Potter, Michael P. Lindemann, Janice K. Redfern, United States Department of Justice, Office of Immigration Litigation, Washington, DC, for Respondent.
    Before: ROTH, MCKEE and ALDISERT, Circuit Judges.
   OPINION

PER CURIAM.

Fnu Shierly and her husband, Lotfi Hamlaoui, seek review of a order of the Board of Immigration Appeals affirming the denial of Shierly’s application for asylum. For the reasons that follow, we will deny the petition for review.

Shierly is a thirty-year-old native and citizen of Indonesia. She entered the United States on September 11, 2000, with a student visa to attend a university. On November 1, 2001, the former Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) issued a Notice to Appear in which it charged Shierly as removable for having failed to attend the university, a condition for maintaining her visa status. The INS issued a separate Notice to Appear to Hamlaoui, a citizen of Tunisia, charging that he overstayed his visitor visa. Shierly and Hamlaoui conceded removability, and Shierly applied for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (CAT). Hamlaoui did not apply for relief on his own but sought derivative relief based on his wife’s asylum claim.

Shierly claimed that she is a Christian of Chinese ethnicity and was subjected to persecution in Indonesia on that basis. In her testimony before the Immigration Judge (IJ), Shierly stated that when she was eleven years old, a group of ethnic Indonesians approached her and “groped” her arm. Shierly believed this amounted to persecution because at times people called her names like “stinking Chinese,” and because she felt that, as an ethnic Chinese, she “had no freedom to go places” given the harassment by ethnic Indonesians. At age twenty, while riding in a pedicab, two boys approached Shierly and touched her on the leg. They remarked upon Shierly’s Chinese ethnicity. In a third incident that occurred sometime thereafter, and again while riding in a pedicab, Shierly was allegedly touched in an inappropriate manner by ethnic Indonesians. Then, on December 9, 1999, an individual passed Shierly on a street in the city of Cilegon and exposed himself to her. As Shierly tried to walk away, he pull her hair, but Shierly managed to elude the individual and he ran off. Shierly’s mother called the police, but the police took no action. After this incident, Shierly stopped attending a beauty school out of fear that a similar incident would happen again. She returned home to her family in Serang. Her father advised her to leave Indonesia, and Shierly decided on the United States. A month before her departure, a burglary took place at her father’s jewelry store. Shierly claimed that the burglary was ethnically motivated.

Shierly testified that she fears a return to Indonesia based on her past experiences, possible future persecution due to her ethnicity and religion, and because of “terrorism.” The IJ found Shierly’s testimony “basically credible,” but concluded that the incidents recounted did not amount to persecution. In particular, the IJ found that the three incidents in which Shierly was touched inappropriately in public places amounted to lawlessness or street crime, but not persecution. In addition, the IJ found that the incident of indecent exposure, albeit a traumatic event for Shierly, did not rise to the level of persecution, and there was no evidence that the act was ethnically motivated. Because not all offensive or unlawful conduct rises to the level of persecution, the IJ found that Shierly did not establish a claim for asylum based on past events, and further found that she failed to demonstrate a well-founded fear of future persecution. Accordingly, the IJ denied Shierly’s asylum application and Hamlaoui’s derivative application. The IJ also denied withholding of removal and CAT relief, and permitted voluntary departure.

After the BIA affirmed without opinion, Shierly and Hamlaoui timely filed a petition for review in this Court. Because the BIA affirmed without opinion, we review the Id’s decision. Abdulai v. Ashcroft, 239 F.3d 542, 549 n. 2 (3d Cir.2001).

Shierly challenges the IJ’s denial of her asylum application, claiming, among other things, that her credible testimony was enough to establish that she suffered past persecution. Appellant’s Br. at 9-10. To establish “past persecution” and entitlement to asylum, Shierly must show: (1) an incident, or incidents, that constituted persecution; (2) that occurred on account of one of the statutorily-protected grounds (i.e., race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion); and (3) were committed by the government or forces the government is either unable or unwilling to control. Berishaj v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 314, 323 (3d Cir.2004). Our controlling definition of persecution is a narrow one — it includes “threats to life, confinement, torture, and economic restrictions so severe that they constitute a threat to life or freedom.” Fatin v. INS, 12 F.3d 1233, 1240 (3d Cir.1993). Thus, “persecution does not encompass all treatment that our society regards as unfair, unjust, or even unlawful or unconstitutional.” Fatin, 12 F.3d at 1240. Whether Shierly qualified for asylum is a factual determination, which this Court must review under the substantial evidence standard. Shardar v. Ashcroft, 382 F.3d 318, 323 (3d Cir.2004). As such, the IJ’s determination must be upheld unless the evidence of record compels a contrary conclusion. INS v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478, 481 n. 1, 112 S.Ct. 812, 117 L.Ed.2d 38 (1992).

We find ample support for the IJ’s decision. As the IJ determined, the three incidents of inappropriate touching and the one incident of indecent exposure — whether viewed individually or collectively — do not amount to persecution under the controlling law. Cf. Lie v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 530 (3d Cir.2005) (holding that ethnic Chinese Indonesian’s “account of two isolated criminal acts, perpetrated by unknown assailants, which resulted only in the theft of some personal property and a minor injury, is not sufficiently severe to be considered persecution”). In addition, the other events Shierly has recounted, such as ethnic slurs and the robbery of her father’s jewelry store, simply do not meet the definition of persecution as set forth in Fatin. Thus, the IJ properly denied Shierly’s claim for asylum based on past persecution.

Furthermore, after a review of the record, we are also satisfied that substantial evidence supports the IJ’s determination that Shierly did not establish a well-founded fear of future persecution. Cf. Lie, 396 F.3d 530 (finding that petitioner “failed to establish either that she faces an individualized risk of persecution or that there is a ‘pattern or practice’ of persecution of Chinese Christians in Indonesia”).

For these reasons, we will deny the petition for review. 
      
      . Shierly did not challenge before the BIA the denial of her claims for withholding of removal and CAT relief, and she does not expressly pursue those claims in her brief before this Court. Accordingly, we address her asylum claim only.
     