
    RIOS v. STATE.
    (No. 11620.)
    Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    May 9, 1928.
    Rehearing Denied June 20, 1928.
    1. Criminal law <&wkey;517(4) — Confession is ad- • missible if accused in connection therewith makes statements found to be true which conduce to establish guilt.
    Oral or written confession of accused is admissible in evidence whether he be in custody or not or be warned or not, if in connection with his confession he makes statements of facts or circumstances which are found to be true and which conduce to -establish his guilt, such as finding of secreted or stolen property or instrument with which he states offense was committed.
    2. Criminal law <&wkey;5l8(l), 519(3) — It was immaterial whether accused was in custody, or warned when making confession admitting murder and taking of tie from deceased later found at his home.
    Where accused in confession admitting murder stated that he had taken a tie belonging to deceased, which was later found at his home by sheriff, it was immaterial relative to admission of confession in evidence whether accused was in custody or not or was warned or not when he made the statements, since discovery of part of fruits of crime by reason of his statement found to be true conduced to establish guilt.
    3. Criminal law <&wkey;>404(4) — Tie found In defendant’s possession, after admitting taking it from deceased and identified as belonging to deceased, held admissible.
    Where accused confessed murder and stated therein that he had taken a tie from deceased, which was thereafter found in possession of accused and identified as having belonged to deceased, the state was properly permitted to introduce tie in evidence.
    4. Criminal law <&wkey;1166(1) — Refusal to require district attorney to deliver confession to defendant’s counsel held not error when thereafter delivered with permission to introduce it.
    Refusal of court to require district attorney to deliver confession to defendant’s counsel held -not to constitute reversible error, where district attorney thereafter delivered such confession to counsel and advised him that he had no objection to its introduction in evidence.
    5. Criminal law <&wkey;642 — Interpreter’s oath on trial that statements of accused at time confession was taken were correctly interpreted held sufficient.
    Where interpreter taking confession from accused was properly sworn on trial of case and testified that he correctly interpreted statements of accused at time confession was taken, it was immaterial that interpreter was not sworn at time accused made confession.
    6. Criminal law <5&wkey;l 169(12) — Admitting sheriff’s testimony of going to jail at defendant’s request to make correction in previous confession held not reversible error, in view of confessions.
    In prosecution for murder wherein defendant had made different confessions, admission of testimony of sheriff to effect that he went to jail to secure confession because of defendant’s request to make a-correction in previous confession in order to exonerate another from connection with crime held not reversible error, in view of statements contained in confessions establishing defendant’s guilt.
    7. Criminal law <&wkey;H7l(3) — District attorney’s statement relative to offering testimony of defendant’s taking officers to place where he said he had laid dead man held not reversible error under circumstances.
    In prosecution for murder, statement of district attorney that evidence relative to accused having taken officers to place where he said he had laid dead man was offered for the reason that defendant had offered statements made while he was under arrest to effect that he did not do the killing held not reversible error, in view of confessions and testimony as to defendant’s admission that he killed deceased.
    8. Criminal law <&wkey;lll9(4) — Bill of exceptions to district attorney’s statement that witness had lied, failing to specify witness or nature of testimony, did not present error.
    Where bill of exceptions to district attorney’s statement to jury that witness had lied failed to show who the witness was or whether he was witness for state or defendant, and failed to show whether he testified to facts material to defendant’s defense, it cannot be determined whether or not such statement constituted reversible error.
    9. Criminal law <&wkey;730 (8) — District attorney’s remark that certain evidence would enlighten jury as to defendant’s justification held not reversible error under circumstances and ruling.
    In prosecution for murder, district attorney’s remark in presence of jury in respect to evidence offered by defendant as to how that would enlighten jury as to whether or not he was justified in killing deceased held not to constitute reversible error, in view of evidence, where jury were promptly instructed not to consider remark.
    10. Criminal law &wkey;l 144(18) — Appellate court must presume that trial court’s action in overruling motion for new trial after hearing evidence was correct.
    Where on motion for new trial on ground material evidence beneficial to defendant had been suppressed by state the state controverted motion, and order of court overruling it stated that evidence was heard thereon, appellate court, in absence of statement of facts or bill of exceptions preserving evidence, must presume that court’s action in overruling motion was correct.
    Commissioners’ Decision.
    Appeal from District Court, Comal County; M. C. Jeffrey, Judge.
    Anaeeto Rios was convicted of murder, and he appeals.
    Affirmed.
    Adolph Seidemann and Schleyer & Triesch, all of New Braunfels, for appellant.
    A. A. Dawson, State’s Atty., of Austin, for the £>tate.
   CHRISTIAN, J.

The offense is murder; the punishment confinement in the penitentiary for life.

Virgil Cox was shot and killed in Comal county near the town of Hunter on the night of March 12, 1927. His body was discovered on the morning of March 13, 1927, in a lane that leads from the Post road to the old New Braunfels-Grune road, near which appellant lived. The body of deceased was found on some bedding covered with quilts about 25 yards from a Ford touring car. A 32-caliber discharged pistol shell was found on the ground nearby. Another empty shell of the same size was found on the running board of the car. Deceased was shot in the head, the bullet having entered from the front. The automobile found in the vicinity of deceased’s body was headed in the direction of the Post road, which runs from San Antonio to Austin. The officers who discovered the car had some difficulty in cranking it. The ignition switch was on at the time of the discovery of the car. A necktie which was identified by the father of deceased and another witness as belonging to deceased was found in appellant’s possession shortly after the homicide. Appellant confessed that he killed deceased. Omitting the formal parts, one of his confessions read as follows:

“My name is Anaeito Rios. I live near Hunter in Oomal county. On Saturday night, March 12, 1927, myself and my younger brother, Dora-tio Rios, went,to the dance at Sebastian Ramirez, which was about a mile and a half northwest of the Post road and across the railroad from the Post road. We walked and went about 9 o’clock to the dance. As we went to the dance, near the dance we saw two negroes. About 11 o’clock my brother, Doratio Rios, myself, Pedro Luna, Eusebio Montevayo, Pancho Chicote, and Eulalio Montevayo all left the dance together and went towards our house. I live on the southeast side of the Post road on the right-hand side going toward Austin from New Braunfels. We walked in the turning row through the field, and we were going in the direction of the Post road and towards my house. We all five walked together about a half a mile, and Pedro Luna, Eusebio Montevayo, and Pan-cho Chicote then went west towards their house, they going down a turning row. My brother and myself then turned east and got into the road which leads to the Post road, and we then walked in the road towards the Post road, and when we reached a point near the post road we saw a man asleep in a Eord touring ear with a trunk in the back of the car. The man was on the front seat of the car and was sitting up asleep. The car was headed towards the Post road. The man had his clothes on. I saw that he was asleep and I decided to shoot him and rob him and got his money, and I told my brother that I was going to shoot him, and my brother said, ‘No, don’t do it,’ and he kept going on towards home, and I told him to wait, and he wouldn’t do it, and he went on. I then stood by the car and shot the man. The man merely threw up his hand and groaned. He said nothing. The gun was a 32 pistol. I took the two shells out of the gun and dropped them there somewhere. I then took all the money the man had out of his pocket, and his necktie was in the car and I took it. I got $6 in money and a necktie. ' I then took his body out of the car and made his bed down by the side of the car and put the dead man on his bed by the car. I then cranked the car and started towards the Post road with the car, and I drove about 60 feet, and the car went dead' and I couldn’t start it any more. I then left and went towards my home. I lost my pistol on the way home. I got home about 2 o’clock Sunday morning, and about S o’clock Sunday morning I caught the bus and paid him 25 cents and came to New Braunfels and went to a fruit stand and grocery stand and bought some sweet cakes and chocolate candy and cheese and cigarettes, and then eat thorn at Pfeuffer’s lot or yard. I saw Pan-cho Trejo, and we went to the picture show after dinner. Late Sunday evening I went on the bus -to my home. The pistol I shot the man with was a 32 pistol I bought in San Antonio about September, 1926, from Antonio Elores. On the day of the killing I went to Green’s store and bought some cartridges. They were 32 in size, and I bought 25 cents, worth. Antonio Samora was at the store, but he did not go in with me. I bought the cartridges from Mr. Kel-lerman. Mr. W. S. Lloyd took me home from Green’s store in the afternoon. I came back to New Braunfels on Monday and Tuesday after the killing and spent the rest of the money eating and smoking. I bought two handkerchiefs from Eiband’s store. The necktie that I turned oyer to the officers is the necktie I got from the dead man. This is the truth and the whole truth, and I make this statement voluntarily, and this statement has been read over to me before signing and is true and correct.”

Bill of exception No. 4, as qualified by the court, presents the following occurrence : After • his arrest appellant told the sheriff and other officers that he had taken a necktie from deceased and that said tie was in his home. The sheriff went with appellant to his home and there found the necktie, which was delivered' to him by appellant. The necktie was identified on the trial by two state’s witnesses as belonging to deceased. The sheriff was permitted to testify over appellant’s objection that appellant had stated to him that he had taken the necktie from deceased after he had killed him. It was and is appellant’s contention that, inasmuch as the body of deceased had already been discovered, appellant’s statement in connection with the delivery of the necktie to the sheriff embodied no fact or circumstance found to •be true which conduced to establish his guilt. It is the announcement of the decisions that the' oral or written confession of the accused is admissible in evidence whether he be in custody or not, or be warned or not, if in connection with his confession he make statements of facts or circumstances which are found to be true, which conduce to establish his guilt, such as the finding of secreted or stolen property or the instrument with which he states the offense was committed. Branch’s Annotated Penal Code, § 63, p. 37, and authorities cited; Turner v. State, 62 Tex. Cr. R. 65, 136 S. W. 487. While the body of the deceased had been found and the fact that he had come to his death by violence had been established, there is nothing in the bill to show that prior to the statements of deceased the sheriff knew of the whereabouts of the necktie. The bill showing a discovery of part of the fruits of the crime by reason of a statement by appellant found to be true and which conduced to establish his guilt, it was immaterial whether appellant was in custody or not or was warned or not when he made the statement.

The sheriff having testified to finding the necktie in the possession of appellant and state’s witnesses having identified said tie as belonging to deceased, there was no error in permitting its introduction in evidence. It follows that appellant’s bill of exception No. 5, wherein complaint of the action of the trial court in permitting the state to introduce the tie in evidence is made, shows no error.

It appears from bill of exception No. 6 that appellant made three written confessions, two of which were introduced in evidence by the state. Before resting the case, the district attorney delivered the third confession to appellant’s counsel and advised him that he had no objection to its introduction in evidence if appellant desired to offer it. We see no reversible error in the action of the court in refusing, in the first instance, to require the district attorney to deliver said confession to appellant’s counsel

At the time appellant’s confession was taken an interpreter was used. Among other things, appellant objected to the introduction of the confession on the ground that the interpreter was not sworn at the time appellant made the confession. The interpreter was properly sworn on the trial of the case and testified that he correctly interpreted the statements of appellant at the time the confession was taken. We know of no statute requiring the interpreter to be sworn under the conditions stated in appellant’s bill. Nor has appellant cited any decisions announcing the rule he contends for. This court held in Rueda v. State, 101 Tex. Cr. R. 651, 277 S. W. 117, adversely to appellant’s contention.

While the sheriff was testifying as a witness for the state, as shown by bill of exception No. 9, he was asked by the district attorney why he went to the' jail for the purpose of securing the confession from appellant which had been offered in evidence. Over the objection of appellant that the statement made at the time by him to the sheriff had not been reduced to writing after proper warning as provided by statute, he being under arrest, the court permitted the sheriff to testify that appellant stated to him that he wanted to make a correction in his first confession in order that one Ybarro, who was in jail, might be exonerated from complicity in the crime; that Ybarro had nothing to do with the commission of the offense; and that he, appellant, shot deceased. Upon the trial appellant denied any connection with the homicide and declared that he had been coerced to make confessions which did not speak the truth. The officers, among them being the sheriff, denied that appellant had been coerced. While giving his version of matters occurring at the jail, the sheriff testified as hereinbefore stated. Appellant opened up an investigation of what occurred in the jail at the time he made the confession, and offered a witness who testified to facts tending to show that he had been coerced in,to making the confession. Moreover, this witness testified, without objection, that he heard appellant admit to the officers,' under persuasión, that he killed deceased. Identically the same statments are contained in the written confession. Also, appellant made in effect the same statement when the necktie hereinbefore referred to was discovered by the officers. If tlie matter complained of was error, under the circumstances the ordering of a reversal would not be justified. Johnson v. State, 108 Tex. Cr. R. 490, 1 S.W.(2d) 896.

On cross-examination, as shown by bill of exception No. 26, appellant was asked by the district attorney if he had not taken the officers to a place where he said he had laid the dead man on the ground, and if blood was not there at the time. Appellant objected to the question on the ground that he was under arrest and the statute relating to confessions had not been complied with. The district attorney then stated to the court in the presence and hearing of the jury:

“The court understands we are offering this for the reason that Mr. Seidemann has offered statements that he has made while under arrest. Mr. Seidemann has proved by a negro boy here that the defendant told him in jail that he did not do the killing. Now, then, if that testimony was admissible, what he said to the nogro while he was under arrest, certainly what he said to the officers while he was under arrest, when he took us and led us to the spot where he said he laid the dead body, and there was blood there, would be admissible.”

The foregoing statement made in the presence of the jury by the district attorney was objected to by appellant on the ground that it was assumed therein that he (appellant) had told the district attorney and officers that he had laid the dead man on the ground, and was, in effect, testimony by the district attorney to facts which were not admissible, inasmuch as the statute governing confessions while under arrest had not been complied with. The bill fails to show that appellant answered the question. Appellant in his written confession detailed the manner in which he killed and robbed deceased. Other witnesses testified to the facts that deceased was found a short distance from his automobile lying on some bedding which was covered with blood. When the tie referred to was recovered appellant admitted that he killed deceased. A witness testified, without objection, that he heard appellant admit to officers that he killed deceased. Without going into an extended discussion of the matter, it is only necessary to state that our discussion of bill of exception No. 9 is applicable here, and that under the circumstances a reversal because of the error complained of would not be warranted.

During his opening argument the district attorney stated to the jury: “That the negro has lied, we will show to the next grand jury.” Upon objection the court immediately instructed the jury not to consider the statement. The bill of exception fails to show who the witness was that the district attorney referred to, fails to show whether he was a witness for the state or appellant, and fails to-show whether he testified to facts material to appellant’s defense. It. is manifestly impossible to determine from the recitals in the bill whether reversible error is present,

Appellant offered certain testimony which was objected to by- the district attorney in connection with a remark by him in the presence of the 'jury as follows: “How would that enlighten the jury as to whether or not he was justified in killing this man?” Upon objection by appellant, the jury were promptly instructed by the court not to con--sider the remark. Appellant contends that the remark was obviously of the nature to prejudice his rights and that the act of withdrawal could not cure the injury. We are unable to agree with his contention. In the light of the evidence, we are constrained to hold that reversible error is. not manifested.

Appellant alleged in his motion for a new trial that material evidence beneficial to him had been suppressed by the state, and that he had not discovered such fact until his attorney was preparing his motion for a new trial. The motion is,supported by the affidavit of appellant’s attorney. The state controverted the motion. The order of the court overruling the motion for a new trial states that evidence was heard thereon. No statement of facts or bill of exception preserving the evidence heard on the motion is brought forward for review. Where the order recites that the court heard evidence on the issue, this court must presume that the court’s action in overruling the motion was correct and that the trial court acted on evidence that was sufficient to justify his action. Sykes v. State (Tex. Cr. App.) 2 S.W.(2d) 863; Crouehette v. State, 99 Tex. Cr. R. 572, 271 S. W. 99; Hughey v. State, 98 Tex. Cr. R. 413, 265 S. W. 1047. Applying this rule to the instant case, we must presume that the court’s action in overruling the motion for a new trial was correct.

The record contains 29 bills of exception. We have not undertaken to discuss each bill in detail. However, we have examined all of appellant’s contentions and fail to find reversible error.

The judgment is affirmed.

PER CURIAM. The foregoing opinion of the Commission of Appeals has been examined by the judges of the Court of Criminal Appeals and approved by the court.

On Motion- for Rehearing.

HAWKINS, J.

Appellant’s motion for rehearing is predicatéd largely upon the insistence that we were in error in disposing of the question raised by bill of exception No. 9. As we understand the record, the matter therein complained of arose in the following manner: After making the preliminary proof the state put in evidence a written confession of appellant of date April 10, 1927, in which appellant said that he killed deceased by shooting him with a 32-caliber pistol, took $6 in money from the dead man’s pocket, and also took his necktie out of the car. In this confession appellant implicated no one but himself. At the time such confession was made the authorities were holding in jail one Ybarro, who was supposed to have been connected with the killing. The sheriff was cross-examined at length by appellant as to another confession which had been taken soon after the killing, but which at the time of the examination of this witness had not been placed in evidence by the state, and the sheriff was also questioned as to whether he went to the jail to secure the second confession. On redirect examination, in response to the question why he (the sheriff)' went to the jail for the purpose of securing the second confession, being the one already in evidence, the sheriff said it was because appellant wanted to correct his first confession in which he had implicated Ybarro, saying the latter had nothing to do with the killing. Later in the trial the first confession, which was taken on March 12, 1927, was placed in evidence by the state, wherein appellant claimed that Ybarro was present when appellant shot deceased and aided appellant in taking the body from the car and was a party to taking deceased’s property. The sheriff had also testified that prior to making any writ-' ten confessions appellant had stated to the officers that he had a tie which was taken from the dead man, and had gone with the officers to appellant’s house and there secured and delivered to the officers the necktie, which was identified as belonging to deceased and which was introduced in evidence. Under all the circumstances appearing in the record and in view of the two confessions which were introduced, we feel constrained to adhere to our original holding that a reversal could not properly be predicated upon ■the incident complained of in bill of exception No. 9. Johnson’s Case, 108 Tex. Cr. R. . 499, 1 S.W.(2d) 896, presents a case very similar upon the facts.

The other matters urged in appellant’s motion have been carefully considered, and we are not led to believe therefrom that our original opinion was erroneous in the particulars complained of.

The motion for rehearing is overruled. 
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