
    Anna Brinckhord, Resp’t, v. The Western Union Telegraph Company, App’lt.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department,
    
    
      Filed December 29, 1890.)
    
    1. Negligence.
    The rule that where a thing that causes injury is shown to be under the management of the defendant, and the accident is one that in the ordinary course of events does not happen, it affords reasonable evidence that the accident arose from want of care, only applies to those cases where the want of care in the management of the thing used would naturally result in the happening of an accident of the kind established.
    3. Same—Explosion.
    Defendant operates an underground pneumatic tube in the city of New York. In an action for injury sustained by plaintiff, the testimony showed that while she was riding in a street car an explosion occurred, greatly jarring it and injuring her; that shortly thereafter there was a cover off a manhole near that spot, and one witness stated that this cover had certain letters thereon which would indicate that it belonged to defendant; but on cross-examination said it was too dark to see the letters at the time of the accident. There was no evidence to show what caused the explosion, or connecting defendant with the use of any explosive substances. Held, that there was no proof, whatever, to hold defendant liable.
    Appeal from judgment entered on verdict and from order denying motion for new trial.
    
      Rush Taggart, for app’lt; Jas. Fox, for resp’t.
   Van Brunt, P. J.

This action was brought to recover damages on account of personal injuries sustained by the plaintiff on December 19, 1886, by reason of the negligence of the defendant. The complaint alleges that the defendant is engaged in business as a common carrier of news and messages by means of electricity and otherwise, a portion of which is carried on within the city of New Y orle; that in connection therewith the defendant owns and operates an underground pneumatic tube laid and extending underneath Broadway from at or about Twenty-third street in said city.

That at various places along Broadway where said underground pneumatic tube is laid and extends are certain openings, vaults or manholes in the street for the purpose of allowing access to the said tube, which said openings, vaults, or manholes are covered with movable iron covers.

That one of said openings, vaults or manholes is at or near the corner formed by the westerly side of Broadway with the southerly side of Leonard street, and is lopated between the rails of the westerly track of the railroad laid on Broadway.

That at or about seven o’clock in the evening of December 1, 1886, an explosion occurred in the opening vault, or manhole, which it is alleged was occasioned solely through the carelessness and negligence of the- defendant; that at the time the explosion occurred the plaintiff was riding down Broadway in a horse car, and said car was directly over the said manhole, and by reason of tlie force of said explosion tlie horse car was lifted bodily from the track, and struck the ground with great force, and that the plaintiff was much frightened, hurt and bruised, and sustained damage. The answer admitted all the allegations of the complaint down to that which alleged that the explosion occurred in the manhole belonging to the defendant, and denied all the other allegations contained in the complaint.

At the trial the complaint was amended so as to allege that it was the duty of the defendant so to construct, maintain and operate said subway as that no injury should be caused to the public using Broadway, and that the defendant so negligently constructed and managed said tube that the explosion in question occurred.

The testimony offered on the part of the plaintiff was to the effect that at or near the intersection of Leonard street and Broadway, as the street car in which the plaintiff was riding was coming down Broadway, an explosion occurred under or near the car, greatly jarring it, and that this explosion occurred when the car was at or near the intersection of Leonard street and Broadway. It further appeared that shortly after the happening of the accident there was a cover off a man-hole at Leonard street; and this seems to be the sum and substance of the evidence upon which the defendant has been held.

There does not seem to be any evidence whatever connecting the defendants in any way with the happening of the accident. In the first place there was no evidence to show that the manhole in question belonged to the defendants or that they had any interest in or control over it.

It is true that one witness swore that the lid of this manhole had certain letters on it which would seem to indicate that it belonged to the defendant. But upon cross-examination it distinctly appeared that he did not know anything about it; that there were lids off some manholes on Broadway that did contain these letters, but he distinctly states it was too dark to see the letters on this manhole at the time of the happening of the accident

Neither is there any evidence to show that the accident happened through the carelessness of the defendant

It is undoubtedly true that where a thing that causes injury is shown to be under the management of the defendant, and the accident is one that in the ordinary course of events does not happen, it affords reasonable evidence that the accident arose from want of care. But this rule only applies to those cases where the want of care in the management of the thing would naturally result in the happening of an accident of the kind established. There is no evidence whatever in this case that any want of care on the part of the defendants would cause an explosion of this description. They were not dealing with an explosive material; there is nothing to show what caused the explosion ; neither is. there any evidence, as already stated, that the defendants were responsible for the existence of any explosive material in the manhole in question.

Our attention is called on the part of the plaintiff to various authorities, none of which have any application to the case at bar. In some of the cases there was a contractual relation existing between the parties as common carrier and passenger. Another case was one in which a building fell, and as buildings do not generally fall without negligence of somebody, it was held that it called for an explanation from the owner. In another case a heavy box fell while being hoisted in a hoist, the box having slipped, from its hooks, and it was held that defendant was called upon to show that precautions to hoist the box safely were used.

A case which more nearly comes to the one now under consideration seems to be the case of Cosulich v. Standard Oil Co., 14 N. Y. State Rep., 713. But in that case the damage arose from the explosion of a steam boiler in which the defendants were using an explosive substance which called upon them for the use of care and diligence to prevent injury from the use of this explosive substance; and the fact of the happening of the accident raised the presumption of negligence, otherwise the accident would not have happened, although even this conclusion may have been impaired by a recent elevated railroad decision.

In the case at bar, however, the appellant was using no explosive substance, as far as the evidence shows, and consequently were not charged with any particular care to prevent any such explosion.

The court may take judicial notice that gunpowder, dynamite, etc., produce serious explosions under certain conditions; and we presume that the court may also take judicial notice that electricity and air do not explode, and these seem to have been the substances which the defendants were using. It would seem, then, that some foreign substance must have been introduced into the subway in order that this explosion should be produced; and if such foreign substance had not been introduced in such manner as brought it to the knowledge of the defendants, then no duty in regard to it arose and they could not be guilty of negligence.

We think, therefore, that under all the circumstances of this case there was no proof whatever upon which the defendant could be held.

The judgment and order appealed from should be reversed and a new trial ordered; with costs to appellant to abide event.

Daniels and Brady, JJ., concur.  