
    SPITALERA v. SECOND AVE. R. CO.
    (Supreme Court,' General Term, Eirst Department.
    November 17, 1893.)
    1. Horse Railroad—Action for Personal Injuries—Instruction.
    In an action by an infant against a street-railroad company for personal injuries, plaintiff gave evidence that he got on defendant’s up-town car, offered to pay his fare, and the conductor put him off, so that he fell under a down-town car, and was injured. Defendant gave evidence that plaintiff ran in front of the horses of the down-town car, and was knocked down by them, and injured, before the up-town car reached the place of the accident. Held, that an instruction that if plaintiff was a trespasser, and got off as best he could on being notified, he could not recover; but even if he were a trespasser, if he was in a dangerous position, and the conductor threw him off, defendant was liable,—did not present the issue litigated on the trial, and was erroneous.
    2. Same.
    In such case, defendant asked the court to charge that if plaintiff was not on either car, but was running across the street, and ran into the horses of the down-town car, or into the car, he cannot recover. Held, that it was error for the court to reply that “I refuse so to charge. There is no evidence before the jury that would show that he was not on one car or the other.”
    
      Appeal from circuit court, New York county.
    Action by Guiseppo Spitalera, an infant, by Salvatora Spitalera, his guardian ad litem, against the Second Avenue Railroad Company, to recover damages for personal injuries caused by defendant’s negligence. From a judgment entered on a verdict in favor of plaintiff, and from an order denying a motion for a new trial made on the minutes, defendant appeals.
    Reversed.
    Argued before VAN BRUNT, P. J., and FOLLETT and PARKER, JJ.
    Merrill & Rogers, (Payson Merrill, of counsel,) for appellant.
    Kellog, Rose & Smith, (Abram J. Rose, of counsel,) for respondent.
   FOLLETT, J.

This action is for the recovery of damages for a personal injury alleged to have been caused by the negligence of the defendant’s employes. The plaintiff is a minor, his age not being disclosed by the record, but, from the age of a playmate who testified on the trial and other circumstances, we infer that he was 10 or 12 years of age at the time of the accident, which occurred July 14, 1891. He lived with his parents on the south side of Twelfth street, and east of Second avenue, through which avenue the defendant’s horse railroad extends. The plaintiff testified that about noon of July 14, 1891, he received from his mother five cents with which to pay his car fare to Thirty-Second street, where he intended to go to help his uncle. He testified that he and his companion walked from near First avenue along Twelfth street, until they came to Second avenue, which they crossed, and stood on the west sidewalk, and that, when an up-town car on defendant’s line came along, he got onto it; that the conductor ordered him off, and the plaintiff replied, “I have five cents to pay my fare. Stop, I give you five cents,” and showed him the money. The conductor answered, “No,” pushed him off, and he fell under a downtown car, the forward wheel of which passed over his right foot, so injuring it that amputation of a part of it was necessary. A lad 12 years of age at the date of the trial, (April 3, 1893,) who was with the plaintiff, testified to substantially the same state of facts, though he did not seem to be quite certain whether the plaintiff crossed to the west side of Second avenue, or stood between the up and down tracks of the road. James Healy, a witness called by the plaintiff, testified that he was riding on the down-town car, and sat on the east end of the second seat from the front one. He said that he heard a scream, and saw the boy come off from the up-town car, and that he fell under the down-town car. Chris Lament, called for the plaintiff, testified that the boy got onto the up-town car, but that he did not see him fall. He saw him after the accident. This is substantially all of the evidence descriptive of the accident given in behalf of the plaintiff. Nussbaum, the conductor of the down-town car, testified that he heard a scream, saw the boy fall in the street, and his car ran over him, at which time the horses attached to both cars stood face to face, the up-town car not having reached the point where the hoy fell. Fay, a passenger on the down-town car, testified to about the same state of facts. Annie Walsch, a witness called by the defendant, testified that she was riding on the down-town car, and that she saw the boys crossing Second avenue, one of whom was knocked down by the horses of the down-town car, and was run over. Marcuse, the conductor of the up-town car, called by the defendant, testified that the accident occurred before his car reached the place where the boy fell, and that, when the cars were stopped, the horses stood face to face. He also testified that the boy was not on his car, and did not tender him five cents. Martin, the driver of the up-town car, testified that, before his car reached the place of the accident, the boy had been run over by the dowmtown car, and that he drove along and stopped his horses near to those drawing the down-town car. This is all of the evidence given by the defendant descriptive of the accident. The issue of fact tendered by the plaintiff was that he boarded the up-town' car, tendered his fare, and was wrongfully put off by the conductor. This the defendant denied, and it was asserted in. its behalf that the boy did not enter upon either car, but ran in front of the horses of the down-town car, and was knocked down by them. The learned trial judge, in submitting the case to the jury, said:

“On the part of the defendant, you have this state of facts presented to you: That this boy was a trespasser on the car; that he was not there for the purpose of getting a ride by paying for it, but that he was there simply for the purpose of stealing it; and that, when that was notified to him, he got off as best he could, and, when he did that, it so happened that he fell under this other car, and was injured by reason of that circumstance. Of course, if he was a trespasser on the car, and if he merely got off by a notification on the part of the conductor, the railroad company would not be responsible; but even if he were a trespasser, and if he were in a dangerous position, and the conductor of the car threw him off in the way in which this boy testifies, under another car, the railroad company would be responsible, because the conductor would not have any right to eject any person, even a trespasser on the car, from a position of that kind, so as to put him in peril of his life or of his limb.”

To this instruction the defendant excepted. This instruction did not present the real issue litigated on the trial. The defendant’s witnesses denied that the plaintiff entered upon either car. Its theory of the accident was that the plaintiff, in attempting to cross the street in front of the down-town car, was knocked down by the horses. The defendant asked the court to charge:

“That if they [the jury] find that the boy was not upon either of the cars, but was running across the street, and ran into the horses attached to the down-town car, or into the car, they must find a verdict for the defendant.”

The court replied:

“I refuse so to charge. There is no evidence before the jury that would show that he was not on one car or the other.”

This was the final instruction given to the jury, and it was clearly a misdirection. The whole theory of the defendant’s case was that the boy was not on either car, but was knocked down by the horses, and they gave evidence in support of that .theory. The statement by the trial judge that there was no such evidence was well calculated to prejudice the defendant’s case. For this ■error the judgment and the order must be. reversed, and a new trial granted, with costs to abide the event. All concur.  