
    Charles A. Hess as Assignee for the Benefit of the Creditors of Solomon Sayles, Respondent, v. W. & J. Sloane, Appellant.
    Ultra vires — the defense must be pleaded —■ authority of the secretary of a manufacturing corporation to gua/rantee against loss the accommodation indorser of a note . of one of its customers.
    
    The defense of ultra ñires is .not available to a corporation unless it is pleaded.
    A corporation organized for the manufacture and sale of carpets and furniture,, which sells to a firm engaged in operating a hotel a large amount of goods upon the agreement of the purchasers, who had no resources except the profits of the hotel, to pay a certain sum to the corporation monthly, has power to agree to save harmless a person who, in reliance upon said agreement, indorses a note, made by the proprietors of the hotel in the course of the hotel business, for their accommodation.
    The secretary of the corporation, who is also a director thereof, has power to make such an agreement on its behalf where it appears that, although he never received any express authority from the board of directors to. make such ah agreement, he conducted all the negotiations relating to the sale of the goods to the hotel proprietors; had authority to make the terms and conditions upon which the goods were sold; executed on behalf of the corporation the contracts relating thereto, and had charge of the hotel proprietors’ account and advised, if he did not dictate, the manner in which they disposed of the money received in the ctiurse of the business.
    Appeal by the defendant, W. & J. Sloane, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 27th day of February, 1901, upon the verdict of a jury, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 4th day of March, 1901, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      Selden Bacon, for the appellant.
    
      Louis Marshall, for the respondent.
   Ingraham, J.:

This action is brought to recover $3,500, the amount of a promissory note made by a copartnership doing business in the city of New York under the name of Foster Brothers indorsed and paid by the plaintiff’s assignor. The complaint alleges that the firm of Foster Brothers at the date of the making of the note were agents for the above-named defendant,- and as such agents were engaged in the management of the hotel known as the 'New Amsterdam Hotel ’ in the city of Hew York-and as such agents were engaged in conducting the business of operating said hotel for the benefit of the said defendant; ” that “ on or about the above-named date said Foster Brothers, as such agents as aforesaid, and at the special instance and request of 'the said defendant, requested this plaintiff to indorse a certain promissory note made by .the said Foster Brothers to the order of this plaintiff in the sum of three thousand five hundred ($3,500) dollars; ” that at the time of such request said defendant promised and agreed to and with the plaintiff that when the said note became due the same would be paid by the said defendant, and that the plaintiff would not' be called upon to pay the same or any part thereof; that relying upon said promise and agreement this plaintiff indorsed said note; that thereupon the said Foster Brothers as agents as aforesaid, procured the said note to be discounted and paid the proceeds of the discount thereof to. the said defendant who thereupon received the benefit of said indorsement and of said discount; ” that subsequently, when the said note became due and payable, said Foster Brothers, as agents as aforesaid, at the special instance and request of the defendant, requested plaintiff to indorse a new note in renewal of said above-mentioned note then due and payable, and at the time of such request the defendant promised and agreed to and with this plaintiff that upon the maturity of the renewal note the same would be paid by the said defendant, and that the plaintiff would not be called upon to pay the said note or any part thereof; that relying upon such promise the plaintiff' indorsed the. said note which, when it became due, was protested for non-payment, whereupon the plaintiff paid the said note; and that the defendant Fas wholly failed and neglected to pay said notes, or either of them .and the said note is still unpaid.

The answer of the defendant is in substance a general denial of all the allegations of the complaint, except the incorporation of the defendant and the fact that Foster Brothers were copartners. TJpon'this trial the court held that the evidence was not sufficient to sustain a finding that W. & J. Sloane were the principals and Foster Brothers their agents; that “ the overwhelming preponderance of evidence is that the true relations between them was that of sellers and buyers; ” and that question was withdrawn from the consideration of the jury. The court, however, held that there was the further question that if the defendant induced the plaintiff’s assignor to indorse the note in question by requesting him to do so, and at the same time assuring him that it would pay it, or see it paid, or take care of it at maturity, and that the plaintiff’s assignor would not be called upon to pay it, it would be liable because it had some interest, though indirect, in helping the Foster Brothers to make a success, and their promise amounted to an original promise pursuant to which the plaintiff’s assignor made the indorsement; and that that was the only question that would be submitted to the jury. The court then submitted that question to the jury. The defendant requested the court to charge that there was no evidence that Mr..Allen had authority to pledge the credit of W. & J. Sloane to protect the plaintiff’s assignor bn the indorsement of either one of the notes. "This was declined and defendant excepted. The court was also asked to charge that if the promise was made we will see it paid,” and we will take care of it,” it was ultra vires, which was also denied, and the defendant excepted. The jury found a verdict for the plaintiff, and from the judgment entered and from an order denying a motion for a*new trial, the defendant appeals."

The right of the plaintiff to recover depended upon the existence of an agreement by which the defendant agreed to pay this note of Foster Brothers when due, and upon the faith of which agreement the plaintiff’s assignor indorsed the note,

zThe defendant insists that the agreement was ultra vires. This defense is not pleaded, and it would seem that to be available a ydefense of ultra vires must be. pleaded. If, however, it is. available I do not think that such an obligation under the circumstances here shown can be said to be beyond the power of such a corporation as this defendant. The certificate of incorporation of the defendant is in evidence, and from it it appears that the objects for which said Company is formed are the manufacture and safe of carpets and other floor coverings, upholstery goods, and articles of- furniture.” In carrying out its business in the manufacture and sale of these articles the. corporation certainly had. the incidental powers necessary and convenient for the conduct of its business. It had sold to this firm of Foster Brothers a large amount of carpets and furniture upon credit, with the understanding that the property thus sold should remain the property of the defendant until paid for by the purchasers. The purchasers were in possession of the property and had obligated themselves to pay $3,000 per month on account of their indebtedness to the defendant. It is quite apparent that Foster Brothers had no resources with which to make these payments except the profits of the hotel, and their ability to pay depended upon their being able to carry on the hotel business. To prevent them from failing in their business, or to enable them to carry on such business, it would be quite clear that the corporation would have authority to advance them money for that purpose, or to secure the payment of any advances made to enable them to carry on such business, and that is in effect what the defendants did by the contract in question. Making such advances or becoming security for a person who did make them is not prohibited by the defendant’s charter, or the statute under which it is incorporated; and a manufacturing corporation, engaged in the manufacture of goods on credit, has, as an incident to that business, a power to take such measures as are reasonably proper to protect its debtors so as to enable it to realize the amount of their indebtedness. Whether such a corporation would have power to indorse a note or loan its Credit for the accommodation of another with whom it has no business transactions or where such an accommodation has no relation to the business that it was organized to transact is not presented. That was the question in the case of National Park Bank v. German-American M. W. & S. Co. (116 N. Y. 281)." The question here presented is discussed at length by Mr. Justice Bumsey in the case of Koehler & Co. v. Reinheimer (26 App. Div. 1), and he states the rule that, except as restrained by law, trading corporations have the implied power to make all such contracts as will further the objects of their creation, and their dealings in this regard may be likened to. those of an individual seeking to accomplish the.same ends.” Within this rule, we think that making an advance, either of money or of credit, to Foster Brothers, from whom this defendant was to receive large payments for goods sold to them, was within the implied power of the corporation, and not ultra vires.

The defendant also insisted that Allen, the person who made the agreement with the plaintiff’s assignor, was not' authorized to make such an agreement, but I think the evidence is sufficient to show such authority, Allen was the secretary and a director of the company. It would seem that he had made the sale of these goods to Foster Brothers; and had executed on behalf of the company the contracts relating thereto, and the evidence is that he was the one who had. charge of the account with Foster Brothers and advised, if not dictated, the manner in which they would dispose of the-moneys received in their business, and generally exercised a supervision over the account between them and the defendant.' Allen testified that there was no resolution of the board of directors of the defendant authorizing him to indorse for accommodation, or to guarantee the negotiable paper of other persons for accommodation, and that he never received any authority from the board of directors, or any other authority from the corporation, to so indorse or guarantee; but that he' had authority to make terms and conditions upon which the goods were sold $ and that the making of terms and disposal of credits was under his supervision. Having this general power to act for the Corporation, an agreement for the protection of such an account would seem to have been within the authority conferred upon him by the corporation.

My conclusion, therefore, is that the agreement with the plaintiff’s assignor was not ultra vires, and from the facts as disclosed Allen had power to make such a contract as was here made which would be binding upon the defendant.

There are several exceptions to rulings upon questions of evidence which are relied upon by the defendant, but they do not seem to be material. When the extract from the signature book of the Bank of the Metropolis was admitted in evidence, there was testimony that the defendant had introduced Foster Brothers to the Bank of the Metropolis as customers, and although there was testimony contradicting this fact, the admission- of this signature book in evidence could not prejudice the defendant. The admission of the testimony of the conversation between Foster and the plaintiff’s assignor, when Foster told the plaintiff’s assignor to go and see the defendant about the indorsement, was not error, as it was evidence to show that Sayles relied upon the agreement witli Allen in making this indorsement, and Sayles afterwards testified that he told Allen of his conversation with Foster at the time the agreement was made.

I have arrived at the conclusion that no error was committed on the trial which would justify a reversal of the judgment, and it should be affirmed.

The judgment and order appealed from should be affirmed, with costs.

Hatch and Laughlin, JJ,, concurred; Patterson, J., dissented.

Judgment and order affirmed, with costs.  