
    Peter Ortt vs. Minneapolis & St. Louis Railway Company.
    February 4, 1887.
    Carrier of Goods — Connecting Railroad Lines — Liability of First Carrier. — A railroad company, receiving goods to be transported over several lines of road, is not responsible for the negligence of other carriers beyond its own terminus, unless it has contracted to transport the property beyond its own line. Receiving'goods marked for a place beyond its own terminus does not importan agreement to carry to the destination named.
    ¡Same — Construction of Bill of Lading. — A contract for the shipment of live-stock was made by using a printed blank. Following an acknowledgment of the receipt of the stock by the carrier were the printed words, “To be delivered at * * and here was inserted in writing the words, “Consigned to T., B. & Co., Chicago, 111.” The further agreement was expressed that, where stock should pass over more than one road to reach its destination, the company upon whose road any damage should occur should alone be liable therefor. This contract construed as not being an agreement on the part of the carrier to transport the stock to Chicago, if in fact its line of transportation did not extend to that point.
    :Same — Action on Special Contract — Evidence under General Denial. —The complaint alleging a special contract by the defendant to carry to Chicago, and a breach of the contract, and the answer containing a general denial, the fact was available in defence that the injury complained of occurred after the property had passed beyond the defendant’s terminus.
    ¡Same — Limitation of Liability — Negligence.—An agreement exonerating a common carrier from liability is ineffectual to relieve it from liability for its own negligence.
    Farol Testimony to Vary Writing. — Rule excluding parol evidence of the terms of a written instrument applied.
    Appeal by defendant from an order of the district court for Redwood county, Webber, J., presiding, refusing a new trial after verdict for plaintiff.
    
      J. D. Springer, for appellant.
    
      E. St. Julien Cox, for respondent.
   Dickinson, -J.

This action is for the recovery of damages for deterioration in the value of several cars of live-stock shipped by the plaintiff over the defendant’s road, and destined for Chicago. The injury complained of was caused by delays of the cars while on the way, and after they had passed Albert Lea, in this state. At the time-of the shipment of two of the car-loads, (from Minneapolis,) a printed blank contract was filled out in writing, and signed by the plaintiff, and by an agent of the defendant. This contract, so far as necessary to be here stated, was as follows, the words here italicized being written in the printed blank:

“Minneapolis & St. Louis Railway.
“Minneapolis Station, March 26, 1884.
“Received of Peter Ortt:
“ Two.....Cars Live-stock as per margin, to be delivered at.
“Consigned to........Station, at special rates, being
“Tomlinson.....Dollars per car for Horses and Mules,
“Berkhart éCo...........for Cattle or Hogs.
“Chicago, III...............for Sheep.
* *******
“It is also agreed that, where stock shall pass over more than one road to reach its destination, the company upon whose road any accident, loss, or damage may occur, shall alone be liable therefor, and no suit shall be brought, or claim against any other company forming a part of the route, for such loss or damage.”

Evidence was introduced upon the trial, going to prove that the defendant’s line of road did not. extend beyond Albert Lea, and that at that point freight consigned to Chicago was transferred to the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railway Company. Upon the trial of the cause the court instructed the jury that this was a contract on. the part of the defendant to transport the stock to Chicago. The court further instructed the jury, in substance, that, if they found that, the defendant received the property for transportation to Chicago, (as they must have found under the instructions above referred to,) its. liability was not lessened in any manner, under the issues in this case, by the fact that it was transported over other connecting linos. 'In effect, the court thus declared that the express agreement embodied ■in the contract, and above recited, in terms restricting responsibility •to that one of several carriers whose acts or omissions caused the injury, was of no effect to limit the liability of the defendant for injuries caused by another carrier.

We think that there was error in these instructions. The prevailing rule of law in this country is that a common carrier receiving .goods to be transported over several lines, including his own, is not •responsible for the negligence of other carriers in the route beyond his own line, unless he has specially contracted to transport the property to its destination; and that receiving goods marked for a place beyond its own terminus does not import an undertaking to carry to the destination named. Lawrence v. Winona & St. P. R. Co., 15 Minn. 313, (390,) 324, (402;) Irish v. Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry. Co. 19 Minn. 323, (376;) Burroughs v. Norwich & Worcester R. Co., 100 Mass. 26; Hadd v. Express Co., 52 Vt. 335; Root v. Great Western R. Co., 45 N. Y. 524; and numerous cases cited in 3 Wood, Ry. Law, 1573, note.

In view of the general rule of construction which subordinates the printed terms of a contract, retained in a blank form, to the written terms inserted by the parties, when the two are inconsistent or meaningless when read together, it is at least doubtful whether the first part of this contract, if standing alone, could be fairly read in any .other way than this: “Received of Peter Ortt two cars live-stock, as per margin, consigned to Tomlinson, Berkhart & Co., Chicago, Ill.” But, without now deciding that the words “to be delivered at” should be rejected if the defendant’s obligation were not otherwise defined, it seems to us apparent that this contract cannot be construed as an undertaking to carry beyond the defendant’s line, when the express limitation of its responsibility to its own line is considered. There is ■nothing in this case to oppose the operative effect, as a part of the .contract, of the provision exonerating the defendant from .responsibility for the acts or omissions of other carriers. The legal inconsistency of an obligation assumed by contract to transport property, as a common carrier, beyond the carrier’s own line, and of exemption, by the terms of the same contract, from the responsibility for negligence which attaches to that relation, is obvious. Our conclusion is that, under this contract, the defendant did not undertake to carry the property beyond its own line. This was available as a defence under the general denial, the complaint alleging a special contract to carry to Chicago, and a breach'of that contract. The further provisions of the contract, that the defendant should not be liable for loss by delay of trains, would not exonerate it from liability for negligent delays upon its own road. Shriver v. Sioux City & St. Paul R. Co., 24 Minn. 506; Christenson v. American Exp. Co., 15 Minn. 208, (270.)

The testimony of the witness Sehuchard, who shipped stock by this same train, that the defendant shipped and agreed to carry his stock to Chicago, was objectionable, for the reason, if no other, that the contract appeared to have been in writing. The terms of the contract were provable only by the instrument itself, if that was obtainable. Lowry v. Harris, 12 Minn. 166, (255.)

The same objection exists as to the testimony of the plaintiff, referred to in the second assignment of error, if, as may be understood from the form of the question, the contracts thus sought to be proved were in writing.

Order reversed, and a new trial awarded.  