
    Marc Bowman BROWN, Plaintiff, v. Tom J. VILSACK, Secretary, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Defendant.
    Civil Action No. 11-0526 (EGS).
    United States District Court, District of Columbia.
    Feb. 11, 2013.
    
      Marc Bowman Brown, Silver Spring, MD, pro se.
    Theresa Ekeoma Dike, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Washington, DC, for Defendant.
   MEMORANDUM OPINION

EMMET G. SULLIVAN, District Judge.

This matter is before the Court on Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment on Plaintiffs Remaining Claim for Wrongful Termination [ECF No. 48]. For the reasons discussed below, defendant’s motion will be granted.

I. BACKGROUND

Plaintiff was employed by the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) as a Management Analyst in the Information Technology Policy and Capital Planning Division (“ITPCPD”), Office of Program Evaluation, Enforcement and Review (“OPEER”), Food Safety arid Inspection Service (“FSIS”), see Complaint (“Compl.”), Ex. 9 (Initial Decision, Docket No. DC-0752-09-0726-1-1, dated June 28, 2010) at 1, from July 2003 until his termination on July 24, 2009, see Plaintiffs Motion in Opposition to Defendant[’]s August 13, 2012 Motion for Summary Judgment (“Pl.’s Opp’n”), Ex. 1A (Brown Aff.) at 46-47 [ECF No. 52-1 at 5-6].

A Leave Restriction

Based on plaintiffs use of unscheduled leave, which within the first months of 2008 totaled 8 hours annual leave, 24 hours sick leave, and 75 hours of leave without pay, Marcelo Olascoaga, plaintiffs supervisor, imposed a leave restriction. See PL’s Opp’n, Ex. 7 (Memorandum to plaintiff from Marcelo Olascoaga, Director, ITPCPD, OPEER, dated April 29, 2008, regarding Leave Restriction Notice) at 1 [ECF No. 52-10 at 32]. For a period of six months, plaintiff was to comply with the following terms:

(1) Annual leave will not be granted, except in emergency situations, unless scheduled in advance and approved by [the supervisor]. Annual leave should be requested at least as far in advance as the amount of leave requested.... Annual leave for emergency purposes will not be granted unless, upon your return to work, you furnish proof that an emergency occurred which prevented you from returning to work during the entire period of your absence. If leave is taken without prior approval, you will be considered absent without leave (AWOL). Excessive use of AWOL status can become grounds for disciplinary action.
(2) Sick leave will be granted only if you provide an acceptable medical certificate for each absence, either for yourself or a family member. This certificate should provide the following information: (1) the date or dates examined by a physician, (2) the physician’s diagnosis, (3) the physician’s certification that you were unable to perform your duties for medical reasons on the dates covered by the certificate, (4) the name, address, and telephone number of the physician, and (5) the physician’s signature.
(4) In case of emergency, you must call [the supervisor or his designee]. If you are unable to reach either [person], you must send an email to both [persons] explaining the emergency that is preventing you from being at work and you must speak with [either the supervisor or the designee] as soon as possible. Under no circumstances will merely leaving a voice message be acceptable. Documentation described under # 1 and # 2 must be provided to [the supervisor] when [he is] in the office.
(5) Arriving to work late without a proper excuse, leaving work prior to the end of a workday, or being absent from your assignment for extended periods of time is unacceptable and will be changed as AWOL.

Id., Ex. 7 (Leave Restriction Notice) at 2 [ECF No. 52-10 at 33] (emphasis in original). The Notice also informed plaintiff that “checking] the box on the SF-71, Leave form ... staffing] that [he is] invoking [his] right to ... leave” under the Family Medical Leave Act (“FMLA”) was ineffective because he had “never provided adequate medical documentation that a serious health condition exist[ed] for either [him]self or [his] children.” Id. Mr. Olascoaga instructed plaintiff that, “if [he] wishfed] to be approved for leave usage as outlined under the FMLA,” he was expected to return a form completed by his physician within 15 days. Id.

B. Five-Day Suspension

On June 24, 2008, plaintiff was issued a Notice of Proposed Suspension for improper conduct and unsatisfactory attendance. Notice of Filing Agency Record in Support of Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment on Plaintiffs Remaining Claim of Wrongful Termination, Ex. (“Agency File”), Tab 4ee (Memorandum to plaintiff from Quentin Barrett, Human Resources Specialist, Employee Relations Branch, dated June 24, 2008, regarding Notice of Proposed Suspension) at 1 [ECF No. 50-5 at 55]. Plaintiff was charged with improper conduct for failing to comply with the terms of the leave restriction. On Friday, May 2, 2008, plaintiff failed to contact Mr. Olascoaga by telephone before the start of the work day to inform him of his late arrival. Id., Tab 4ee at 1 [ECF No. 50-5 at 55] (Specification 1). On Wednesday, May 14, 2008, plaintiff left work before the end of his tour of duty, and on May 15, 2008, plaintiff was absent. Id., Tab 4ee at 2 [ECF No. 50-5 at 56] (Specification 2). Upon plaintiffs return to work, he “failed to furnish acceptable medical documentation or proof that an emergency occurred” which prevented him from reporting to work. Id., Tab 4ee at 2 [ECF No. 50-5 at 56] (Specification 3). Additionally, plaintiff was absent from work from Tuesday, June 3, 2008, through Thursday, June 5, 2008, without having contacted his supervisor by telephone, and without having produced acceptable medical documentation upon his return to work on Friday, June 6, 2008. Id., Tab 4ee at 3 [ECF No. 50-5 at 57-58] (Specifications 4-6).

The charges of unsatisfactory attendance correspond to the dates on which plaintiff arrived at work one hour late (Specification 1), left work early (Specification 2), and did not report to work at all (Specifications 3-6). Id., Tab 4ee at 4-5 [ECF No. 50-5 at 58-59], All the specifications were sustained, and plaintiff was suspended for five days without pay. Id., Tab 4aa (Memorandum to plaintiff from Dawn R. Ruffner, Chief, Employee Relations Branch, dated September 3, 2008, regarding Decision, on Notice of Proposed Suspension) at 6 [ECF No. 50-5 at 51].

C. Fourteerir-Day Suspension

Plaintiffs subsequent conduct prompted a second suspension. On each of three days, from Tuesday, September 23, 2008 through Thursday, September 24, 2008, plaintiff contacted Mr. Olascoaga by email to advise him of his illness and inability to report to work, yet plaintiff failed to supply medical documentation upon his return as the leave restriction required. Id., Tab 4x (Memorandum to plaintiff from Quentin Barrett dated December 4, 2008 regarding Notice of Proposed Suspension) at 1-2 [ECF No. 50-6 at 5-6] (Specifications 1-3). Similarly, on six occasions, plaintiff contacted Mr. Olascoaga by email to advise of his absence from work due to his daughter’s illness, id., Tab 4ee at 2-4 [ECF No. 50-6 at 6-8] (Specifications 4-8 and 10), and on a seventh occasion to advise of his absence to care for his son, id., Tab 4ee at 4-5 [ECF No. 50-6 at 8-9] (Specification 9). Not once did plaintiff provide acceptable medical documentation or proof that an emergency had occurred on these ten dates, and, thus, plaintiff failed to follow the instructions set forth in the leave restriction. See generally id., Tab 4ee at 2-5 [ECF No. 50-6 at 6-9]. The charges of unsatisfactory attendance correspond to the dates on which plaintiff failed to report to work. See id., Tab 4ee at 5 [ECF No. 50-6 at 10] (Specifications 1-4). Because plaintiff had not provided supporting documentation upon his return to work, he was placed on AWOL status. All the specifications were sustained, and plaintiff was suspended for 14 days without pay. Id., Tab 4t (Memorandum to plaintiff from Dawn R. Ruffner dated January 27, 2009, regarding Decision on Notice of Suspension) at 6 [ECF No. 50-3 at 37].

Plaintiffs attendance problems persisted. The leave restriction was extended indefinitely when, between February and April 2009, plaintiff had been “absent from work for 88 hours in violation of the conditions of [the] leave restriction.” Id., Tab 4ff (Memorandum to plaintiff from Matthew Michael, Acting Director, ITPCPD, OPEER, USDA, dated April 29, 2009) at 1 [ECF No. 50-5 at 43].

D. Removal from, Federal Service

Defendant proposed plaintiffs removal based on the same charges — improper conduct and unsatisfactory attendance — that gave rise to the two suspensions. See generally id., Tab 4h (Memorandum to plaintiff from Quentin Barrett dated June 4, 2009 regarding Notice of Proposed Removal) [ECF No. 50-2 at 7-14], Plaintiff emailed his superiors to request sick leave on five occasions in February, March and April 2009, yet failed to provide appropriate medical documentation upon his return to work. Id., Tab 4h at 1-2 [ECF No. 50-2 at 7-9] (Specifications 1-2, - 4-6). On another occasion, plaintiff neither reported for duty, nor requested leave in advance, nor provided documentation of an emergency. Id., Tab 4h at 2-3 [ECF No. 50-2 at 8-9] (Specification 3). Each occasion comprised a failure to follow directions, see generally id., Tab 4h at 1-3 [ECF No. 50-2 at 7-9], as well as a corresponding specification of unsatisfactory attendance, see id., Tab 4h at 3-4 [ECF No.'50-2 at 9-10] (Specifications" 1-6). The notice informed plaintiff of his right to respond orally or in writing or both. Id., Tab 4h at 6-7 [ECF No. 50-2 at 12-13]. Plaintiff opted to respond orally and requested an oral conference, id., Tab 4g (email from plaintiff to Dawn- Ruffner dated June 17, 2009) [ECF No. 50-2 at 5], which occurred on June 26, 2009, with Sandra Pearlman, the Oral Conference Officer assigned to the case, id., Tab 4f (Oral Conference Report dated July 1, 2009) at 1 [ECF No. 50-2 at 1]: Ms. Pearlman’s conference report summarized plaintiffs responses as follows:

Mr. Brown responds that during the past two years, [USDA] has taken a number of illegal, prohibited, discriminatory, retaliatory, and adverse personnel actions against hini and others. He states that, in 2004, he provided Deidre McNeil, whom he identified as FSIS’ FMLA representative, with medical documentation to support his need to use FMLA leave to care for his children and to attend to his own medical needs.. He said that she sent him a letter saying it was not necessary for him to send in any additional medical information in order to use FMLA, leave; however, Mr. Brown has not submitted a copy of that letter....
Mr. Brown confirmed that he did.not submit medical documentation for any of the absences in the specifications as required by the terms of the sick leave restriction.
Mr. Brown said that his supervisors know that his children have chronic asthma and that he has personal health problems that require him to be absent from work. He said he calls or sends emails to his supervisors to notify them of his absences. He said [he] has provided his supervisors medical documentation that substantiate^] that he and his children have chronic illnesses and he does not agree that he should be required to bring acceptable medical documentation every time he does not report to duty due to his own or his children’s illnesses
He said Dawn Ruffner has an ax to grind with him. He also said that he is being retaliated against because he “blew the whistle” on an associate Administrator’s wife. Mr. .Brown added that for the last 12 months he has. had nothing to do; that the [USDA] has not given him anything to do.
Mr. Brown says that the denial of FMLA use is.illegal because he qualifies •for it and he has been qualified since 2004.

Id., Tab 4f at 2 [ECF No. 50-2, at s] (emphasis added).

Plaintiff later submitted a written response in the form of an email message to Ms. Pearlman. See generally id., Tab 4c (email to Sandra Pearlman from plaintiff dated June 30, 2009) [ECF No. 50-1 at 47-54]. Plaintiff maintained that he had been subjected to “a number of illegal, prohibited, discriminatory, retaliatory, and adverse personnel actions” over the preceding two years. Id., Tab 4c (email) at 1 [ECF No. 50-1 at 47]. He listed the alleged adverse personnel actions as a (1) reassignment, (2) denial of FMLA leave, (3) denial of reasonable accommodation, (4) leave restriction, (5) five- and fourteen-day suspensions, and (6) proposed removal. Id., Tab 4c (email) at 2 [ECF No. 50-1 at 48]. Further, he maintained that he had been entitled to use leave without pay under FMLA since 2004, and that his use of FMLA leave “was consistently approved for three years.” Id., Tab 4c (email) at 1 [ECF No. 50-1 at 47], According to plaintiff, there were “ulterior motives” for these events because he had filed a charge of discrimination with the EEOC, and he believed that he was “being harassed and financially damaged.” Id., Tab 4c (Decision on Notice of Proposed Removal) at 4 [ECF No. 50-1 at 44],

Plaintiffs responses notwithstanding, Ms. Pearlman found “that the preponderance of the evidence supports the specifications,” particularly in light of plaintiffs confirmation “that he did not provide acceptable medical documentation for any [of] the.absences enumerated in the specifications.” Id., Tab 4f at 3 [ECF No. 50-2 at 3]. She found that plaintiff failed to follow instructions by not providing acceptable medical documentation as required by the leave restriction and that he properly had been declared AWOL for his absences. Id.

At no time, however, did plaintiff provide a copy of the letter from Ms. McNeil to support his position that he was not required to submit additional medical information in order to use leave under the FMLA, or any other evidence to support his contention that his FMLA leave request had been approved, or any evidence to rebut the agency’s showing. Agency File, Tab 4c (Memorandum to plaintiff from Dawn Ruffner dated July 24, 2009 regarding Decision on Notice of Proposed Removal) at 4 [ECF No. 50-1 at 42], AH the specifications were sustained, and plaintiff was terminated effective July 24, 2009. Id., Tab 4c at 5-6 [ECF No. 50-1 at 43-44].

In reaching the decision to ' remove plaintiff, several factors were taken into consideration. Ms. Ruffner noted:

I considered the nature and seriousness of the offense. Clearly your misconduct is of a serious nature. There is an inherent relationship between absences and the efficiency of the service and since an essential element of employment is to be on the job when you are to be there, it is imperative that you. are reliable with regards to showing up for work. Your absences continue to impede the function of the Agency and impose additional burdens on other employees.
In addition, fahure to comply with your supervisor’s instructions undermines his authority. This can damage morale and impair the efficiency of the service as you make it more difficult for your supervisor to carry out his duties. In spite of prior warnings and written instructions, you have repeatedly failed to comply with the terms of the leave restriction letters and leave procedures. Your fahure to comply with the leave restriction letter makes it apparent that you are unwilling to correct your behavior despite the seriousness of your misconduct.

Id., Tab 4c (Decision on Notice of Proposed Removal) at 5 [ECF No. 50-1 at 43]. The length of plaintiffs federal service was a mitigating factor, but not one to outweigh the aggravating factors, namely the two suspensions; that plaintiff “did not acknowledge any responsibility, wrongdoing, or level of remorse in this matter,” caused Ms. Ruffner to “doubt [plaintiffs] potential for rehabilitation.” Id., Tab 4c (Decision on Notice of Proposed Removal) at 5 [ECF No. 50-1 at 43].

E. Appeal to the MSPB

On July 27, 2009, plaintiff filed an appeal of his termination to the Merit Systems Protection Board (“MSPB”), Washington Regional Office. See Compl., Ex. 9 (Initial Decision dated June. 28, 2010) at 1 [ECF No. 1-1 at 49]. After a hearing, the administrative law judge (“ALJ”) affirmed the USDA’s action, finding that “the penalty of removal was warranted[; it] was neither arbitrary, capricious, nor unreasonable.” Id., Ex. 9 at 27 [ECF No. 1-1 at 75]. Plaintiff filed a petition for review of the ALJ’s Initial Decision by the full MSPB on June 29, 2010. See Plaintiffs Response to 'Defendant’s Motion for Partial Partial Dismissal and Plaintiffs Motion to Proceed, Ex. B (Letter to plaintiff from Philip Miller, Paralegal Specialist, Office of the Clerk of the Board, U.S. Merit- Systems Protection Board, dated June 30, 2010) [ECF No. 27-2], The full MSPB denied plaintiffs petition for review, see id., Ex. C (Final Order, Docket No. DC-0752-09-0726-1-1, U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board, dated September 30, 2010) [ECF No. 27-3 at 1-6], and plaintiff filed an appeal of its Final Order to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”), Office of Federal Operations, id., Ex. D (Decision, Petition No. 0320110003, dated December 23, 2010) [ECF No. 27-4 at 3-8]. The EEOC found “that the Agency articulated legitimate, nondiscriminatory- reasons for the removal action, namely [plaintiff’s] improper conduct and unsatisfactory attendance.” Id., Ex. D at 4 [ECF No. 27-4 at 6]. The EEOC notified plaintiff of his right to file a eivfi action in federal district court, see id., Ex. D at 4 [ECF No. 27-4 at 6], and plaintiff timely filed this action on January 19, 2011.

II. DISCUSSION

The Secretary of Agriculture moves for summary judgment, arguing the absence of any genuine factual issue in dispute regarding plaintiffs termination and his entitlement to judgment as a matter of law.

A. Judicial Review of MSPB Decision

Although an appeal of a decision of the MSPB ordinarily would be filed with the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1), because plaintiff included discrimination claims in his complaint, he may seek review in district court. 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(2) and (c); see Vickers v. Powell, 493 F.3d 186, 192 (D.C.Cir.2007) (“ ‘[M]ixed cases’ that involve both MSPB appeals and discrimination claims under Title VII ... are reviewed in federal district court.”); Barnes v. Small, 840 F.2d 972, 979 (D.C.Cir.1988); Williams v. Dep’t of Army, 715 F.2d 1485 (Fed.Cir.1983) (en banc) (holding that “employee [who] is challenging judicially the [MSPB’s] determinations of both the discrimination and the nondiscrimination issues” seeks review in a federal district court, not the Federal Circuit). Plaintiff’s claims based on whistleblowing, disability discrimination and reprisal have been dismissed, see Brown v. Vilsack, 866 F.Supp.2d 23, 28 (D.D.C. 2012), leaving a single non-discrimination claim — judicial review of the MSPB’s decision upholding his removal from federal service.

“[District courts review appeals of MSPB decisions on the administrative record, holding unlawful and setting aside any agency action, findings, or conclusions found to be ‘(1) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law; (2) obtained without procedures required by law, rule, or regulation having been followed; or (3) unsupported by substantial evidence.’ ” White v. Tapella, 876 F.Supp.2d 58, 65 (D.D.C.2012) (quoting 5 U.S.C. § 7703(c)); see Barnes, 840 F.2d at 979 (“[I]n its consideration of the joined nondiscrimination claims, on appeal from the MSPB’s determination, the district court may set aside the administrative adjudication only if it is arbitrary or capricious, obtained without compliance with lawful procedures, unsupported by substantial evidence or otherwise not in accordance with law.”). “To show that the MSPB’s decision is not arbitrary and capricious, defendant needs only to show that the decision has ‘a rational basis in the law.’ ” Hanna v. Herman, 121 F.Supp.2d 113, 121 (D.D.C.2000) (quoting Wilder v. Prokop, 846 F.2d 613, 620 (10th Cir.1988)).

An agency must demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that removal of an employee was justified in order to promote the efficiency of the agency. See 5 U.S.C. §§ 7513(a) (authorizing agency to “take an action ... against an employee only for such cause as will promote the efficiency of the service”), 7701(c)(1)(B) (providing that “the decision of the agency shall be sustained ... only if the agency’s decision ... is supported by a preponderance of the evidence”). It is plaintiff’s obligation to establish a reversible error in the MSPB’s decision. See Fernandez v. Dep’t of the Army, 234 F.3d 553, 555 (Fed. Cir.2000).

B. Charges of Improper Conduct and Unsatisfactory Attendance

Noting first the leave restriction and plaintiffs five-day and fourteen-day suspensions, see Compl., Ex..9 (Initial Decision) at 2-3 [ECF No. 1-1 at 50-51], the MSPB hearing examiner summarized the six instances on which plaintiff neither reported for duty as scheduled nor requested leave under the terms set forth in the leave restriction, id. at 5 [ECF No. 1-1 at 53]. The hearing examiner also heard testimony from plaintiffs supervisors, all of whom described plaintiffs repeated failures to comply with the leave restriction and his unsatisfactory attendance. See id., Ex. 9. at 6-9 [ECF No. 1-1 at 54-57]. Shirley Knight, one of plaintiffs former supervisors, testified that, as early as 2005, plaintiff had “ ‘quite a bit’ of attendance problems,” of such severity that she “counseled [him] and informed him that his absences were becoming problematic and were having a deleterious effect on his performance.” Id., Ex. 9 at 6 [ECF No. 1-1 at 54]. Plaintiffs response was described as “hostile.” Id., Ex. 9 at 6 [ECF No. 1-1 at 54]

Marcelo Olascoaga, who became plaintiffs supervisor in 2007, described plaintiffs attendance as “sporadic,” id., Ex. 9 at 8 [ECF No. 1-1 at 56]. Because of plaintiffs “frequent use of unscheduled leave,” Mr. Olascoaga placed plaintiff on leave restriction, upon delivery of which plaintiff became “upset, raised his voice, and ... got into an argument” "with Mr. Olascoaga. Id., Ex. 9 at 8 [ECF No. 1-1 at 56], Notwithstanding the leave restriction, plaintiff “still did not follow the directions contained” therein. Id. Plaintiffs noncompliance prompted Mr. Olascoaga to suspend plaintiff. Id., Ex. 9 at 8 [ECF No. 1-1 at 56],

Matthew Michael succeeded Mr. Olascoaga as plaintiffs supervisor, and because plaintiff “continued to have problems with his attendance and with failing to meet the terms of his leave restriction,” Mr. Michael “decided to continue and indefinitely extend the ... leave restriction.” Id., Ex. 9 at 8 [ECF No. 1-1 at 56]. Mr. Michael testified’that, on five occasions during the relevant time period when plaintiff “provided medical documentation to substantiate treatment of his stomach problems, or information concerning his daughter’s hospitalization,” Mr. Michael granted either annual leave or sick leave. Id., Ex. 9 at 9 [ECF No. 1-1 at 57]. However, he denied “every other leave request” for plaintiffs non-compliance where, for example, plaintiff “informed him via email, or in person, that he was suffering from stomach problems, but this was not what the leave restriction letter advised [him] to do when asking for leave.” Id:, Ex. 9 at 9 [ECF No. 1-1 at 57].

The hearing examiner summarized plaintiffs testimony as follows:

[Plaintiff] acknowledged that he was absent on the dates, identified in the notice of proposed removal. However, he disagreed that he failed to comply with the terms of the leave restriction letter or with his supervisors’ instructions. He said he followed the leave restriction letter’s procedures whenever there were “emergencies.” He stated that, if he had stomach pains, he considered that to be an emergency, and so he could not make it to a doctor’s office or to a hospital because of the severity of the pain. He said that, if he experienced an emergency, he called and sent an email to his, supervisor prior to the start of his tour of duty.

Id., Ex. 9 at 9 [ECF No. 1-1 at 57], Acknowledging the conflicting testimony, the hearing examiner next considered the credibility of the witnesses, and “found the testimonies of Knight, Olascoaga, and Michael declaring that [plaintiff] did not abide by the terms of the leave restriction letter, and that he- failed to follow supervisory instructions, more credible than [plaintiffs] testimony to the contrary.” Id., Ex. 9 at 10 [ECF No. 1-1 at 58]. Plaintiff “offered no evidence in support of his bare assertion that he complied with the leave restriction letter,” and his emails to supervisors “fell short of what was required of him under the terms of the leave restriction letter.” Id., Ex. 9 at 10 [ECF No. 1-1 at 58]. For example, plaintiff neither “furnish[ed] any medical documentation” to support his absences nor requested annual leave in advance as the leave restriction specified. Id., Ex. 9 at 10 [ECF No. 1-1 at 58]. Accordingly, the hearing examiner sustained the charges of improper conduct.

With respect to the second charge, unsatisfactory attendance, the hearing examiner reviewed time and attendance records “reflecting that [plaintiff] was charged AWOL for the six different time periods listed in the proposal letter,” as well as written summaries of telephone conversations and email communications between plaintiff and his supervisors. Id., Ex. 9 at 11 [ECF No. 1-1 at 59]. The records indicated that, “when [plaintiff] provided medical certificates verifying his absences on the dates in question, the agency documented his absences as annual or sick leave, but when he did not supply medical certification ... the agency charged him as being AWOL.” Id., Ex. 9 at 11-12 [ECF No. 1-1 at 59-60]. Plaintiff did not deny his absences on the dates in question, and he failed to rebut the agency’s evidence of his undocumented absences. Id., Ex. 9 at 12 [ECF No. 1-1 at 60]. Nor did plaintiff demonstrate that his supervisors “abused their discretion in denying his requests for annual leave, advanced annual or sick leave, or LWOP.” Id., Ex. 9 at 12 [ECF No. 1-1 at 60],

The hearing examiner considered plaintiff’s assertion that he should have been granted “leave under FMLA to allow him to care for his childrenf] and to care for his own medical needs.” Id. Ex. 9 at 13 [ECF No. 1-1 at 61]. Plaintiff claimed to “suffer[] from ulcers, allergies, and asthma.” Id. However, it was not clear from the record before the MSPB that plaintiff “was suffering from a serious health condition at the time in question[ ] which made him unable to perform” his duties. Id. The hearing examiner found that plaintiff was ineligible for FMLA leave:

First, [plaintiffs] absences listed under this charge have not been shown to have involved inpatient care for himself or his children....
Second, [plaintiff] failed to submit acceptable medical evidence to support a request for leave under FMLA. The agency, through several witnesses, provided plausible, convincing testimony that [plaintiff] received repeated guidance about what he was required to furnish to support his request for FMLA leave, but he failed to submit timely medical certification of a serious medical condition (for him or his children) as directed....
Third, [the applicable FMLA regulations] provide[s] that an employee must invoke his entitlement to family and medical leave subject to ... notification requirements ..., and that an employee may not retroactively invoke his entitlement to. family and medical leave unless he is physically or mentally incapable of invoking his entitlement during the entire period in which he is absent from work for- a FMLA-qualifying purpose. Here, [the hearing examiner found] the evidence .... clear that [plaintiff] did not invoke his entitlement to FMLA leave in advance. Nor [did he] find that [plaintiff] was physically or mentally incapable of invoking his entitlement to FMLA leave during the period of time in which he was absent.

Id., Ex. 9 at 14-15 [ECF No. 1-1 at 62-63]. The hearing examiner thus concluded that the .agency’s actions did not violate FMLA and that plaintiff “must bear the responsibility for his failure to follow instructions regarding requesting leave under FMLA.” Id., Ex. 9 at 15-16 [ECF No. 1-1 at 63-64]. The agency properly charged plaintiff as AWOL. Id., Ex. 9 at 16 [ECF No. 1-1 at 64]. Lastly, the hearing examiner considered and rejected. plaintiffs assertions that the agency discriminated against him because of his disabilities, id., and that his removal was an act of reprisal, id., Ex. 9 at 19 [ECF No. 1-1 at 67], and that his removal was done in retaliation for whistleblowing activities. See generally id., Ex. 9 at 16-24 [ECF No. 1-1 at 64-72].

The hearing examiner found that the agency established a nexus between the charges and plaintiffs ability to perform duties satisfactorily, such that disciplinary action was warranted. Id., Ex. 9 at 24-25 [ECF No. 1-1 at 72-73]. He found “no basis to disturb the agency’s chosen penalty” in light of the seriousness of plaintiffs conduct and its deleterious effect on the efficiency of agency operations. Id., Ex. 9 at 27 [ECF No. 1-1 at 75].

C. The MSPB’s Decision Will Be Affirmed

Plaintiffs opposition to defendant’s motion begins with the erroneous assumption that defendant’s “primary focus ... is the medical issues of the Plaintiff,, and the Plaintiffs family.” Plaintiffs Motion in Opposition to Defendant[’]s August 13, 2012 Motion for Summary Judg[ ]ment [ECF No. 55] (“PL’s Opp’n”) at 3. He discusses the medical conditions of his wife, his children, and himself, as well as the treatments received, see id. at 3-5, along with dozens documents related to their various diagnoses, hospital admissions, and prescriptions, among other things, see generally id., Ex. 3-A & 3-B (Medical Documentation). Plaintiff proceeds as if the family’s recurring maladies relieve him of his obligation under the leave restriction to request leave in advance or, in case of illness or emergency, to submit documentation upon his return to duty.

Further, plaintiff erroneously believes that attributing his use of leave to his and his family members’ recurring health issues, see, e.g., id., Ex. 7 (email to Marcelo Olascoaga and Peggy Nunnery from plaintiff dated April 17, 2008 regarding plaintiffs “occasional[ ] need to use leave without pay due to continuing personal health issues, and the care of [his] children, when no alternative child care available”), amounts to the invocation of FMLA. Notwithstanding the leave restriction’s clear instructions with respect to an application for FMLA leave, nothing in the record suggests that plaintiff supplied proper documentation of a serious health condition or that he otherwise demonstrated his entitlement to FMLA leave

Plaintiffs only discussion , of the leave restriction occurs when he raises objections to it. He “believes that the ‘Leave Restriction’ amounts to a unilateral illegal contract, unenforceable, and therefore unable to serve as the basis for the Defendant to punish the Plaintiff further.” PL’s Opp’n at 5. In his view, a restriction of unlimited duration, which requires “prior notification and approval for any and all emergencies ... create[s] an impossible condition” which “guaranteed] non compliance by the Plaintiff.” Id. (emphasis removed). His termination, he claims, is the result of “not meeting an absurd and impossible requirement.” Id. Inexplicably, plaintiff misconstrues the terms of the leave restriction. The leave restriction anticipates that emergencies may arise, and in such circumstances, plaintiff was instructed to contact his supervisor before his work day began to explain the emergency. The leave restriction does not presume that plaintiff can predict an emergency in order that he request leave in advance.

In short, plaintiff utterly fails to rebut defendant’s showing that his removal from federal service was justified in order to promote the efficiency of the agency, or to demonstrate reversible error in the MSPB’s decision affirming plaintiffs removal on charges of improper conduct and unsatisfactory attendance.

III. CONCLUSION

On review of the record of this case, the Court concludes that the MSPB decision is neither arbitrary, capricious, nor an abuse of discretion. It is in accordance with applicable law and regulations, and it is well supported by substantial evidence. Accordingly, defendant’s motion for summary judgment will be granted. An Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion. 
      
      . Plaintiff’s Motion for Leave to Amend Original Complaint [ECF No. 53] will be denied.
     
      
      . The pages of the exhibits to plaintiff's complaint [ECF No. 1] and his opposition [ECF No. 52] to defendant’s motion for summary judgment are not numbered sequentially. These and the documents in the Agency File [ECF No. 50] are a challenge to navigate. For Convenience, the Court sets forth in brackets the docket and page numbers designated by ECF for the parties' exhibits.
     
      
      . The Clerk of Court received plaintiff's complaint and application to proceed in forma pauperis on January 19, 2011. The IFP application was denied on February 4, 2011. Plaintiff filed a motion to reconsider and the motion was granted on March 9, 2011. His complaint and IFP application were placed on the docket on March 14, 2011. The Court deems the complaint received upon its receipt by the Clerk of Court on January 19, 2011.
     
      
      . Plaintiff apparently neglected to sign his opposition [ECF No. 52], and subsequently submitted a signed copy [ECF No. 55] on September 15, 2012.
     