
    Juanita Huyler, Respondent, v. The City of New York and James D. O’Brien, Appellants, Impleaded with Frank G. Holly, Jr., Defendant.
    Second Department,
    January 30, 1914.
    Municipal corporation—negligence — collision with, automobile abandoned in city street — evidence — liability of owner of abandoned car —liability of city-—actual and constructive notice. '
    In an action to recover for personal injuries sustained while riding in an automobile which collided with the wreck of an abandoned car upon a city streét it appeared that the abandoned car was partially destroyed by fire during the night of the accident, which occurred about three and
    • one-half hours after the fire was extinguished; that the car was not abandoned until after the city departments were closed for the day; that the accident occurred before they were opened on the following morning, and that firemen and policemen were present at the time of the fire but left before the accident.
    Evidence examined, and held, that a judgment in favor of the plaintiff should be affirmed as to the owner of the abandoned car, but reversed as to the city;
    That the defendant city did not have constructive notice of the obstruction in the street and that the presence of the firemen and policemen, who had no authority over the street, was insufficient to charge the city with actual notice.
    
      It seems, that even if the presence of the firemen and policemen at the scene of the fire was sufficient to charge the city with actual notice that for three and one-half hours after the fire was extinguished and before the accident the street was in a dangerous condition the city could not be held liable for negligence.
    
      Appeal by the defendants, The City of New York- and another, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk- of the county of Queens on the 10th day of June, 1913, upon the-verdict of a jury for $2,000, and also from two orders entered in said clerk’s office on the 9th and 13th days of June, 1913, respectively, denying separate motions of the defendants for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      William E. C. Mayer [Terence Farley and Archibald R. Watson with him on the brief], for the appellant The City of New York.
    
      Andrew C. Morgan, for the appellant O’Brien.
    
      Charles Goldzier [Frederick Hemley with him on the brief], for the respondent.
   Rich, J.:

The defendants city and O’Brien appeal from a judgment in favor of the plaintiff in an action to recover for negligence and from orders denying motions for a new trial.

It has been found, that the plaintiff was injured while riding in the night time in an automobile in the possession and control of the defendant Holly, which collided with a wreck of another automobile belonging to the defendant O’Brien which had been negligently abandoned, by him upon a public highway of the city of New York, and left unguarded by lights or otherwise, without using proper reasonable diligence to warn persons traveling on the highway, and the evidence is sufficient to sustain the finding. The exceptions taken by the defendant O’Brien do not present reversible error, and the judgment and order as to him must be affirmed.

The learned trial court instructed the jury that the duty of the city did not begin until it had knowledge or notice of the incumbrance and had reasonable time within which to remove or safeguard the obstruction. It was charged that Knowledge or notice may be actual or constructive.. Actual notice means information given to ‘ of acquired by one in the City’s employ with authority over the road or highway, and with power to remove the incumbrance. Constructive notice means the existence of such facts or circumstances connected with the continued existence of the incumbrance that the City or those having authority over the road must have known in the exercise of reasonable inspection that it was illegally encumbered.” As a summary, the court charged the jury as matter of law “that there was no reasonable time to remove the auto, but I will leave it to you to say whether or not there was a reasonable time after notice to guard the auto or the highway or to place lights upon the burned frame, or in some proper manner give warning to travelers coming along that Hoffman Boulevard on that night.” O’Brien’s automobile was not abandoned until long after the city departments were closed for the day, and the accident was before they were opened for the transaction of business on the following morning. It appears that the O’Brien car was partially destroyed by fire at about ten o’clock on the night of September 26, 1911; that the fire was extinguished by the fire department, and that four policemen and two plain-clothes men were at the scene of the accident, but subsequently left the place, O’Brien having taken charge of the car. The evidence is insufficient to warrant the finding that the defendant city had constructive notice of the obstruction prior to the accident, and the verdict must rest upon the assumption that it had actual notice of such obstruction, based upon the fact that the fire company and policemen were present when the automobile was burning and knew of its remaining in the street. I do not think their presence at the time was sufficient to charge the city with notice. The learned court had instructed the jury that before the city could be charged with actual notice, information must have been given to or acquired by “ one in the City’s employ with authority over the road or highway, and with power to remove the encumbrance.” There is no proof that the firemen or policemen had any authority over the highway or any duties with reference to it, and in this respect the case differs from Rehberg v. Mayor, etc. (91 N. Y. 137) and Blakeslee v. City of Geneva (61 App. Div. 42). If it should be held that the presence of the firemen and police officers at the scene of the fire was sufficient to charge the city with actual notice that for three hours and a half after the fire was extinguished, before the accident, the street was in a dangerous condition, I think that, even then, the judgment as to the city must be reversed under the rule declared in Cohen v. City of New York (204 N. Y. 424), that “ where the period between discovery of the defect and the accident is so short that a jury should not be allowed to say as a question of fact that due diligence has been lacking.”

As to the defendant O’Brien the judgment and order must be affirmed, with costs, and as to the defendant The City of New York the judgment and order should be reversed and a new trial granted, costs to abide the event.

Jenks, P. J., Burr, Thomas and Stapleton, JJ., concurred.

Judgment and order unanimously affirmed, with costs, as to defendant O’Brien; judgment and order reversed and new trial granted, costs to abide the event, as to the defendant The City of New York.  