
    Wilson Degraw, by Gilbert Degraw, his Guardian ad Litem, Appellant, v. Erie Railroad Company, Respondent.
    
      Negligence—when testimony that witnesses heard no bell or whistle on an approaching train presents a question for the jury.
    
    Testimony, given by persons who were watching and listening for signals of the approach of a railroad train, to the effect that they heard no bell rung or whistle sounded is sufficient to authorize the submission of that question to the jury; although other witnesses testified that they heard the bell rung and the whistle sounded.
    The trend of authority in negligence cases is toward the submission to the jury of all questions of negligence on the part of the defendant or contributory negligence on the part of the plaintiff.
    Appeal by the plaintiff, Wilson Degraw, by Gilbert Degraw, his guardian ad litem, from a final judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Orange on the Yth day of July, 1899, upon the dismissal of the complaint by direction of the court after a trial before the court and a jury at the Orange Trial Term, and also from an order denying the plaintiff’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      Thomas Watts, for the appellant.
    
      Henry Bacon, for the respondent.
   Goodrich, P. J.:

About seven o’clock in the evening of November 12, 1898, the plaintiff, a boy eleven years of age, while attempting to cross the tracks of the defendant’s road at Guymard, Orange county, was struck by a west-bound train and received serious injuries. The court, at the close of the evidence of both parties, dismissed the complaint, and the plaintiff appeals from the judgment entered thereon.

There was evidence tending to show the following facts: The plaintiff lived at Guymard, on the soutli side of the railroad, which has two tracks. On the evening in question he and his sister were sent by their father to the post office, which is in the railroad station on the north side of the tracks. After getting the mail .they went out on the station platform, which runs close to the track and at the end is level with the highway, to which it extends. A long freight train was going eastward with an engine at each end. At this point there is a heavy grade and the engines were puffing loudly. This train was passing as the children came out on the platform; they stopped until the rear end had cleared the crossing. The plaintiff testified: “We stopped in the middle of the platform until that caboose cleared the crossing, and then we looked up and down, heard none and seen none, and then we kept walking till we got on the edge of the platform, and then we looked and didn’t see none, and then we started to come home, and just as soon as we got on the platform (probably the planks forming the railroad crossing) I was struck. Q. Were you looking the last thing before you got struck? A. Yes, sir. Q. Toward the east? State whether or not you heard any bell rung or any whistle sounded from any train ? A. Ho, sir. Q. And you were looking to see ? A. Yes, sir. Q. Listening, were you ? A. Yes, sir. I didn’t-see any lights on the head of the engine. * * * I didn’t see the engine before it struck me.”

The sister, fourteen years of age, testified : “ After we got the mail we came out, and there was an east-bound train going up, and we stood in the middle of the platform waiting for that to go by, and I saw my brother looking. He looked' towards Otisville (east of Guymard) — he looked both ways — both did. I saw my brother look up and down the track as I stated. He looked last when we got on the edge of the platform. The platform runs right up to the rail. We got off right by the highway. There is a highway across the railroad track. The station is west. The highway is west of the station, runs right close to it. That is where my brother and I got off — or he got off. I noticed his hat fly. * * "x' I didn’t hear any whistle or any bell rung. I couldn’t see any light on the front of the engine. * * * I first saw the train going toward Port Jervis that struck my brother, when I seen his hat fly, then it was right by me, passing. When I next saw my brother he was down in middleways of the milk-can platform, that is across ■ the highway. He had been carried across the highway.”

The father testified that he was at his store, 200 feet south of the tracks, and saw both the east and west-bound trains; that the westbound train was running at a rapid rate. He said: “ I didn’t hear it give no signal of no kind whatever ; I didn’t hear any bell rung or whistle sounded. I was listening.”

On the other hand, the defendant produces evidence tending to show that the headlight and other lights of the locomotive were lighted at Summit, a station east of Guymard, and were burning when the train reached Port Jervis, the station next west of Gnymard; that the whistle was sounded and the bell rung for some distance before the train arrived at Guymard, and that there was a clear line of vision for more than a quarter of a mile from the crossing. Here was a conflict of evidence, and a jury could give credit either to the witnesses for the plaintiff or to those of the defendant, and render a verdict accordingly.

The cases cited by the learned counsel for the defendant in support of his contention that the negative testimony of witnesses, that they did not see the approaching train or hear its whistle or bell, would not carry the case to the jury, as against the positive testimony of witnesses who heard the signals, rest upon and cite the case of Culhane v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co. (60 N. Y. 133), but the language of the court in that case was as follows (p. 137) : As against positive, affirmative evidence by credible witnesses to the ringing of a bell or the sounding of a whistle, there must be something more than the testimony of one or more that they did not hear it, to authorize the submission of the question to the jury. It must a/ppear that they were loohing, watching and listening for it / that their attention was directed to the fact, so that the evidence will tend to some extent to prove the negative.” The present case is taken out of the rule by the fact that the plaintiff and his sister testified that they both looked and listened.

Taking the testimony in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, as we are bound to do, we have a case where there was evidence sufficient to justify a finding by the jury that the defendant’s train was running after dark and at a rapid rate across a highway, and without a headlight, sounding neither whistle nor bell; that the plaintiff, intending to cross the track, looked in the direction of the approaching train, listened and heard no bell or whistle, after which he walked a few feet only and was struck by the train while he was •on the highway or on or near the crossing. This evidence was amply sufficient to require the submission of the case to the jury, .and the nonsuit was error for which the judgment should be reversed. In this view we are abundantly sustained. The trend of authority is toward the submission to the jury of all questions of negligence on the part of the defendant or contributory negligence •on the part of the plaintiff.

In Greany v. Long Island Railroad Co. (101 N. Y. 419) the court, speaking through Judge Danforth, said (p. 423): “ It would be error for a trial court to grant a nonsuit if by any allowable deduction from the facts proved a cause of action might be sustained by the plaintiff, and when such ruling has been upheld by reason of the contributory negligence of the person injured, it appeared that such negligence was conclusively established by evidence which left nothing either of inference or of fact in doubt or to be settled by a jury. (Massoth v. D. & H. C. Co., 64 N. Y. 524, 529.) ”

So, also, Judge. Earl, in Kellogg v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co. (79 N. Y. 72, 76), referring to the situation of the plaintiff and the surrounding circumstances of an accident, said: Whether, under such circumstances, by the exercise of ordinary prudence, he did or could have heard, was a question, upon all the facts proved, for the jury. It is unquestionably true that the deceased was bound to exercise his sight to avoid danger at the crossing. He was not bound to the greatest diligence which he could have exercised in that way; but he was bound to exercise ’such care as a prudent man approaching such a place would ordinarily exercise for the protection of his life. Did he exercise such care ? * * * It was for the jury to determine whether he exercised that care which the law required of him.”

In the Massoth Case (supra) the court said (p. 529): “ It is only where it clearly appears from all the circumstances or is proved by uncontroverted evidence, that the party injured has, by his own acts •or neglect, contributed to the injury, that the court can take the case from the jury and nonsuit the plaintiff. (Citing cases.) The instances in which nonsuits have been sustained by reason of the contributory negligence of the plaintiff, or the party sustaining injury, have been exceptional cases in which the court has adjudged that such negligence was conclusively established by evidence which left nothing, either of inference or of fact, in doubt or to be settled by a jury.” (Citing cases.)

In this view of the appeal it is unnecessary for us to consider whether the plaintiff was or was not sui juris, or what was the effect of the admission by his counsel, which appears in the record. The judgment should be reversed and a new trial granted.

All concurred

Judgment- and order reversed and new trial granted, costs to abide the event.  