
    Charles B. Castle, Appellant, v. William L. Marks, Respondent.
    
      Pan'tnership without term — it may he terminated at any time — effect of a dissolution as to a contract partly performed—effect of a surrender thereof and the talcing of anew contract in the name of one partner.
    
    Where no time is fixed for the continuance of a partnership, either partner may. terminate it whenever he sees fit.
    The dissolution of a firm terminates the partnership only as to future transactions; as to firm contracts partly performed at the time of dissolution, each partner remains, until such contracts have been completely performed, under the same obligation to the firm and his copartner as he did before the dissolution.
    Where a member of a partnership, the duration of which is not fixed, terminates the same, and a few days later, without the consent of his copartner, surrenders profitable firm contracts, having two years to run, and procures similar contracts to be made with him personally, the latter contracts will be treated as an asset of the dissolved firm.
    Appeal by the plaintiff, Charles B. Castle, from so much of a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 8th day of February, 1900, upon the decision of the court rendered after a trial at the New York Trial Term before the court without a jury, as adjudges a dissolution of the copartnership existing between the parties hereto, and from so much of said judgment as relates to the contracts dated the 19th day of October, 1898, between the M. Powers Company and the La France Fire Engine Company and American Eire Engine Company respectively, and which adjudges that on the surrender of said contracts all right, benefit and interest of the plaintiff therein ceased and determined, and that the plaintiff acquired no right, interest or benefit in the new contracts entered into on the 8th day of March, 1899, by the defendant individually with said companies in the place of the contracts so surrendered and canceled, and that the plaintiff is not entitled to any part of the moneys received, or that may hereafter be received, under said new contracts, or to an accounting with reference thereto, and is not entitled to participate in or share with the defendant the benefits of the said new contracts or either of then".
    
      Louis Marshall, for the appellant.
    
      Emanuel J. Myers, for the respondent.
   McLaughlin, J.:

This action was brought to dissolve a copartnership and for an accounting between the parties. Judgment to that effect was rendered and the plaintiff has appealed from so much of it as determined that he had no interest in two contracts executed by the •defendant personally — one with the La France Fire Engine Company and the other with the American Fire Engine Company. "There is no dispute as to the facts as the appeal brings up for review •only the judgment roll and exceptions taken by the plaintiff to the ■conclusions of law found by the trial court. From the findings of fact it appears that in June, 1898, the plaintiff and the defendant, by an oral agreement, associated themselves together, under the ■firm name of the M. Powers Company, for the purpose of dealing in fire supplies in the city of New York; that no time was fixed for the continuance of the firm; that on the 19th of October, 1898, the "firm entered into two contracts — one with the La France Fire Engine Company, and the other with the American Fire Engine •Company — by which it was given the sole and exclusive agency, for a term of three years, to sell certain supplies to the fire •department of the city of New York, and that between the date of the contracts and the 5th day of March, 1899, it received, by way of commissions derived from sales made, between $11,000 and :$12,000; that on the date last named the defendant terminated the •copartnership by a notice given on that day, and on the following ■day he notified the two engine companies that the copartnership had been terminated, and requested that a representative of each •company meet him at Albany on the eighth of March, to arrange for the surrender of their contracts with the M. Powers Company; that, in pursuance of this notice, representatives of each company met the defendant at the time and place named, and the contracts with the M. Powers Company were then surrendered, and in place thereof each company entered into a contract with the defendant, personally, the terms and conditions of which were substantially the :same as those embodied in the prior contracts; that the surrender •of the contracts with the M. Powers Company was made without "the knowledge or consent of the plaintiff, and the defendant, in making such surrender, did so for the purpose of procuring the contracts in which he alone was personally interested; that the-defendant received in commissions, under the contracts entered into by him personally prior to the trial, the sum of $3,995.30. Notwithstanding the foregoing findings, the trial court held as a conclusion of law that the defendant had the right to enter into these contracts, and that the plaintiff had no interest therein. In thus-holding, we think it was in error.

The defendant, it is true — no time being fixed for the continuance of the copartnership — had the right to terminate it whenever he saw fit. This, however, was subject to the qualification that he could only do so so far as future transactions were concerned. As-to contracts of the firm then existing and remaining unperformed, he remained •— until such contracts had been fully completed — ■under the same obligation to the firm and his copartner that he did theretofore. A firm, notwithstanding it has been terminated either by the act of the partners or by limitation of time, nevertheless continues to exist for the purpose of collecting, distributing its assets and performing its antecedent engagements. (Kennedy v. Porter, 109 N. Y. 552.) The dissolution of a firm looks only to the future. The partners continue to be bound by, and must fulfill, all prior contracts remaining unfulfilled. (Griswold v. Waddington, 16 Johns. 438. See, also, 17 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 1150, and cases there cited.)

When the M. Powers Company was dissolved by the notice given, by the defendant, it had, as above stated, the two contracts with the-engine companies named, each of which had over two years to run. That these contracts constituted a valuable asset of the firm is evidenced by the fact that it received in commissions for goods sold under them, between October 19,1898, and March 5,1899, between $11,000 and $12,000, and that the defendant received in commissions, between the date of the surrender and the time of the trial, $3,995.30. This asset belonged to the partners according to their respective interests in the firm, and neither could be deprived without his consent of such interest by the act of the other. The relation between partners is a fiduciary one. Each must act towards-the other honestly, and whatever he does must be done with the-utmost good faith, having in view the interest of his copartners as-much as his own. This is elementary. (Mitchell v. Reed, 61 N. Y. 123; Pom. Eq. Juris. [2d ed.] § 1050.) Thus in Holridge v. Gillespie (2 Johns. Oh. 30) Chancellor Kent said : “ It is a general principle pervading the cases, that if a mortgagee, executor, trustee, tenant for life, etc., who have a limited interest, gets ■ an advantage-by being in possession or behind the back ’ of the party interested in the subject, or by some contrivance in fraud, he shall not retain .the same for his own benefit, but hold it in trust.” And in Phyfe v. Wardell (5 Paige, 268) Chancellor Walworth, referring to the same rule, said : “If a person who has a particular or special interest in a lease obtains a renewal thereof, from the circumstance of his being in possession as tenant, or from having such particular interest, the renewal lease is, in equity, considered as a mere continuance of the original lease, subject to the additional charges upon the renewal, for the purpose of protecting the equitable rights of all parties who had any interest, either legal or equitable, in the old lease.” Also in Clegg v. Edmondson (8 De G., M. & G. 787), where the managing partners of a mining partnership at will gave notice of a dissolution of the firm to the other partners, and after the dissolution applied for a new lease in their own names, the court held that the new lease inured to the benefit of, and belonged to, the old firm.

■To the same effect is Struthers v. Pearce (51 N. Y. 537). In that case, during the existence of a limited copartnership of undetermined duration, some of the partners, without knowledge of the others, obtained a new lease in their own name of premises leased and occupied by the firm. The court held that the lease belonged to and was the property of the firm, in which all of the partner’s had an interest. In Mitchell v. Peed (supra) the court held that one member of a copartnership could not, during its existance, without the knowledge of his copartners, take a renewal lease of premises occupied by the firm, and this notwithstanding the fact that the renewal lease did not take effect until after the copartnership had expired by its own limitation, and that if such lease were taken by one partner in his own name, it in law belonged to the firm in which all of the partners had an interest.

Applying the principle alluded to in these authorities to the facts in this case, it must be held that the contracts entered into by the defendant personally belonged to and constituted an asset of- the firm of the M. Powers Company. It cannot be that one member of a firm, which is the owner of valuable contracts, having over two years to run, can surrender them without the consent of his copartner, and by so doing procure contracts in which he alone has a personal interest. The law will not sanction transactions of that character, nor will it permit partners thus to deal with each other.

Both upon principle and authority, therefore, we think it must be held, upon the facts stated in the record before us, that the com tracts entered into between the defendant and the two engine com- • panies above named, on the 8th of March, 1899, belong to and constitute an asset of the firm of M. Powers Company, and, therefore, so much of the judgment as is appealed from must be reversed, . with costs, and the judgment modified as indicated in this opinion.

Van Brunt, P. J., Patterson, O’Brien and Ingraham, JJ., concurred.

Judgment, so far as appealed from, reversed, with costs, and judgment modified as indicated in opinion.  