
    John Friel and Bridget Friel, Appellants, v. The City of New York, Respondent. Edward Cade, Appellant, v. The City of New York, Respondent.
    Second Department,
    April 19, 1912.
    Municipal corporations — change of grade of street — liability to abutting owners.
    Where, in an action by the owners of improved real property in the borough of Brooklyn, to recover damages alleged to have been caused by the defendant, the city of New York, in raising the grade of an avenue, it appears that a proceeding by the common council of the city of Brooklyn to change the established grade of' said avenue is ineffective and void because the provisions of the charter of said eity were not followed, and that the defendant itself has taken no steps to change the grade, but has relied entirely on the invalid proceeding of the common council of the city of Brooklyn, the defendant is liable to the plaintiffs for damages, because it has changed the grade of the avenue without lawful authority. Where a physical change of gj;ade of a street is made by a city without lawful authority it. is liable for damages to the abutting property which has been improved with relation to a former legally established grade.
    Appeal by the plaintiffs, John Friel and another, in the first above-entitled action, and by the plaintiff, Edward Cade, in the second above-entitled action, from respective judgments of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Kings on the 20th day of December, 1911, upon the dismissal of the complaint by direction of the court at the- close of plaintiffs’ case on a trial at the Kings County Trial Term.
    
      Royal E. T. Riggs [J. Gardner Stevenson with him on the brief], for the appellants.
    
      Charles J. Nehrbas [Terence Farley and Archibald R. Watson with him on the brief], for the respondent.
   Carr, J. :

These two actions were tried together as one, and the separate appeals from the judgments dismissing the complaints come before this court on one record. The plaintiffs and appellants were the owners of separate pieces of improved real property situate on Meserole avenue, in the borough of Brooklyn. In 1905 the city of New York repaved that street, and in the,progress of said work it changed the physical grade of the highway by raising the actual grade several feet in front of the premises of the plaintiffs, with a result that considerable damage was caused to the plaintiffs’ properties. For this damage they sought separate recoveries, and on the trial of their actions their complaints were dismissed.

The only question involved on this appeal is purely one of law. It appears that the grade of Meserole avenue was established originally in 1854 and that the street was paved in 1874 according to the established grade. On the property of the respective plaintiffs houses were built some time previous to 1883, and with reference to the then existing grade. In 1895 the common council of the city of Brooklyn adopted an ordinance or resolution to regrade Meserole avenue according to a map which accompanied the resolution. Nothing was done to change the actual physical grade until 1905, when the city of New York, acting exclusively upon the assumed change of legal grade made or attempted to be made in 1895, caused the change in actual grade which resulted in damages to the plaintiffs. The appellants contend that the legal grade, as it existed in 1895 and since 1854, had not been changed in 1895 in accordance with law. The power to change the established grades of streets in the former city of Brooklyn was vested in its common council by section 1 of title 19 of its. charter (Laws of 1888, chap. 583, as amd. by Laws of 1895, chap. 291). Under this provision of statute such change was authorized upon a petition of the majority of the owners of the property to be affected, or of the owners of a majority of the property to be affected, or, where there was no petition of the property owners, then upon a three-fourths vote, of the board of aldermen.and the consent of the mayor. It is conceded .that when the common council adopted the resolution of 1895 there had been no petition of property owners and no formal and affirmative consent of the mayor to the resolution. Under these circumstances, the resolution of 1895 would appear to be ineffective and void, unless there be some other provision of statute which can save the resolution.

It is contended that the general provisions of the then Brooklyn charter which appear in section 9 of title 2 of that act, relating to the powers of the common council, apply to this' situation. This last-cited title of the act applies generally to the powers, duties and procedure of the common council. Section 9 thereof provides that when an ordinance or resolution has been adopted, it should be transmitted to the mayor, who, if he approves it, “shall sign it,” and, if he disapprove it, shall return it with his objections. If he disapprove, then a procedure is prescribed whereby the common council may then by a two-thirds vote of the entire elected body repass the same and it shall take effect as a law. The section further provides as follows: “And if such ordinance or resolution shall not be returned by the mayor within ten days after he has received it, it shall become a law in like manner as if he had signed it.” It is conceded that the resolution had not been returned by the mayor in 1895, and it is claimed that it became a law under the provision of the statute as quoted. I think this contention cannot be sustained. Title 2 of the Brooklyn charter related to the general legislative powers of the common council, while title 19 related to special powers and special objects. Under title 2 the common council might adopt an ordinance or resolution by a majority vote of a quorum which consisted, as the statute provided (Tit. 2, § 7), of a majority of the elected members. Under title 19 a three-fourths vote was required for the objects therein ¡specified. Again, the common council under title 2 could act always on its own initiative without petition from anybody, While under title 19 it could act on petition of property owners, and then a formal consent by the mayor was unnecessary, or without such petition of property owners it could not act at all without the consent of the mayor. Section 9 applies to the general duties specified in title 2, but not to the special powers and duties covered by title 19. Under the later title, either a petition of the property owners or the affirmative consent of the mayor was jurisdictional. As the city of New'York itself took no steps to change the legal grade of Meserole avenue, but relied entirely on the act of the common council of Brooklyn, taken in 1895, it changed the physical grade of Meserole avenue without lawful authority. While it is well settled that where a physical change of grade of a street is made with lawful authority, there is no common-law liability for consequential damages (Sauer v. City of New York, 180 N. Y. 27), yet if ¡said physical change of grade be made by the city without lawful authority, then it becomes liable for damages to the abutting property which has been improved with relation to a former legally established grade. ■ (Folmsbee v. City of Amsterdam, 142 N. Y. 118; Fuller v. City of Mount Vernon, 171 id. 247.)

It follows that the judgments should be reversed and new trials granted, costs to abide the event.

Jenks, P. J., Thomas, Woodward and Bicai, JJ., concurred.

In each case judgment reversed and new trial granted, costs to abide the event.  