
    Rose Reis, Respondent, v. The City of New York and Thomas Darlington and Others, Composing the Board of Health of the City of New York, Appellants, Impleaded with George W. Smith.
    Second Department,
    June 8, 1906.
    Municipal córporations — streets may be closed without compensating . : owners oh land when other access remains — legislative authority to clpse,streets Extinguishes trust therein created by charter. ,
    ; ¡.-A city under legislative: authority may close a street although it makes a detour . ,• necessary in order- to .reach lands .lying, beyond but not upon the street closed. Tlie owner is not entitled to compensation when total access is not cut off as 'the damage'is too remote.
    Although under"the charter of Greater New York (§. 990) lands acquired- for a . - street must be held in Y trust” the city may be freed of the trust by legislation ..• ., authorizing the closing of streets.
    .- Appeal by the defendants, The City of New York and others, •from a judgment of" the Supreme Court in favor of ,the' plaintiff, "entered "iti the office of the" cleric of the county of Kings on the 1st " day" 5f "June, 1905, "upon the decision of the, court,-rendered after a "trial" at the Kitigs County Special' Term, enjoining the defendants •from erecting any stfucture upon any part- of Hawthorne" street " between Kingston and Albany-avenues, wliereby plaintiff’s easements - therein and access "to her property" might be impaired.
    
      
      James D. Bell [Richard B. Greenwood and John J. Delany with him. on the brief], for the appellants.
    
      Alfred E. Sander [Charles S. Taber with him on the brief], for the respondent.
   Jenks, J.:

The Legislature could effect the closing of city streets through the board of estimate and apportionment of the city of New York. (Fearing v. Irwin, 55 N. Y. 486 ; Elliott Roads & S. [2d ed.] § 875, and authorities cited.) The said board was duly authorized and empowered in the premises. (Greater N. Y. Charter, § 442.) It appears that the board followed the procedure prescribed by that section. Although one public way to property is closed, yet if another be left the property owner sustains no actionable damage. (Fearing v. Irwin, supra ; Coster v. Mayor, 43 N. Y. 399 ; Egerer v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co., 130 id. 108, 113.)

The change does not affect physically any lands of the plaintiffs It closes Hawthorne street, which runs east and west between two avenues, Kingston and Albany, which run north and south. The plaintiff does not own any property abutting on the part of the street that is closed, but does possess considerable realty both east •and west of Albany avenue in blocks bounded in part by Hawthorne street. Her complaint is that the closing of Hawthorne street for this block is to her damage. The practical result is that there is not passage along Hawthorne street .between Kingston and Albany avenues. In other words, Hawthorne street is a cul de-sac at the east side of Kingston avenue and also at the west side of Albany avenue. The court finds that there is no means of access between the lots lying west of Kingston avenue and Albany avenue except by way of Butland road, two blocks to the north, and that as to,the lots lying east of Albany avenue there is “no direct means of access” to-Hostrand and Bogers avenues. These two avenues, i. e., Hostrand and ^Rogers, it is to be noted, are six and seven blocks respectively to -the west beyond Albany avenue and consequently of the plaintiff’s lands which lie east of Albany avenue. In other words, this closing of Hawthorne street requires a detour to the north of two blocks when one is in Albany avenue, at a point determined by Hawthorne street, arid wishes to go to the other side of' the block bounded by Albany avenue and ¡Kingston avenue, and if one wishes.. to travel from Albany avenue through Hawthorne street, so as to reach Hawthorne street on the other side, or avenues beyond, he cannot do so, in a straight line, but must make a detour to the north or south for. that block, and vice versa., It is not contended that this is the sole access or that all other access by other • streets or thoroughfares in other directions or from other natural points is disturbed. It seems to me, then, that this' case falls within the principles established in Coster v. Mayor (supra). In' that case the court .say: “The plaintiffs further claim that the best approach to their property having been by the Hamilton street " bridge, and that having been entirely removed by the agents of the State, a damage has resulted to their property for which the city is liable. No part.of the bridge was on the property of the plaintiffs. They had no interest or right in it as property.. There is left to tlié'plaintiffs an approach to their property by the State street*, bridge, though less near, less easy, less commodious. The damage to the plaintiffs’ property from this causé is entirely indirect and remote. It is not claimed to the contrary, and we shall assume ■ that the State had right, by virtue of this act ‘or from other source, to do this work, and in doing it to remove this bridge., The. bridge, so far as the plaintiffs were interested in .it, was ■but.a "part of a public street or highway.. Over streets and highways the Legislature has control, and may, when, no private, interests are involved or- invaded* close them, arid altogether relin- .. quish. their use by the public. (The People v. Kerr, 27 N. Y. 188-192.) And if in.the exercise of this right-a street be discontinued and the value of lands abutting on other parts of the street and on neighboring streets is lessened, it is not such an injury to the owner as to -entitle him to damages. (Smith v. City of Boston, 7 Cush. 254.).” And after referring tó Smith v. City of Boston (supra) the court quotes therefrom.: “ In that' case Shaw, Oh. J., says : The ■ damage must be the direct." and immediate consequence of -the act complained of, and remote and-contingent damages are not recover.able.- The petitioner has free access to all his lots by public streets. •The burden of his complaint is that in going to some of his houses, in some direction,' he may be obliged to go farther than he otherwise would. The inconvenience sustained was not such an injury done him. in his property as to entitle him to damages.’.” And in Fearing v. Irwin (supra) the court say : “ It is objected, however, that the act is-not constitutional, for that it does not provide compensation for those who are deprived of a right of way through the-road and the lane. They were public roads ; and it is said owners of ' land adjoining a public road have a right of property in going to and from their premises over it. This court has held, however, that, though one public way to property is closed, if there is another left the property owner sustains no actionable damage. (Coster v. Mayor, etc., 43 N. Y. 399.) It is quite plain, from the diagrams shown, that there is a public way left to all parts of this property. (See, also, People v. Kerr, supra.)

By the proceedings opening the street the city became vested with the fee. (Greater N. Y. Charter, § 990.) When it closed the street the title and ownership of the fee, subject to any private easements, became vested in the grantor or his heirs if dedicated, or in the city-if condemned. (Matter of Mayor, 28 App. Div. 151; affd., 157 N. Y. 409. See, too, Kings County Fire Ins. Co. v. Stevens, 101 N. Y. 411, 416.) In the latter case the head note reads : “ When authorized-by the Legislature, the corporation may close a portion of a street, of which it owns the fee, without compensation to owners of lots on the street which do not front upon the portion closed, at least where there is other access to the lots of such owners.”

The learned counsel for the respondent contends that there was a Special trust imposed, inasmuch as section 990 (supra) provides: “ The title acquired by The City of New York to lands and premises required for a street shall be in trust, that the same be appropriated and kept open for, or as part of a public street, forever, in like manner as the other streets in the -city are and of right ought to be.”

But even if a “special trust” existed, the city could be freed therefrom by sanction of the Legislature. (Kings County Fire Ins. Co. v. Stevens, supra, citing Brooklyn Park Comrs. v. Armstrong, 45 N. Y. 234.) Section 205 of the charter (as amd. by Laws of 1903, chap. 379) provides: “Said commissioners of the sinking fund shall also have power to sell and convey the right, title and interest of the city in and to lands lying .within any street, avenue, road, highway,- alley, lane or public .place or square that has been discontinued and closed, in whole or in part, by lawful authority, to the owner of lands fronting on such street, ■ avenue, road, highway, alley, lane or public place or square' so discontinued and closed, on such terms and conditions, and for such.consideration as in the judgment Of the said commissioners of the sinking fund shall seem proper, provided the said commissioners of the sinking fund shall first determine that the said lands or the part thereof so sold and conveyed are not needed for any public use.” This, I think, is sufficient warrant for the contemplated action of. the city, which is in furtherance of public hospital purposes. (20 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law [2d ed.], 1147.)

The judgment must be reversed and a new trial.granted, costs to abide the final award/ of -costs. „ .

Woodward, Hooker and Rich, JJ., concurred.

Judgment reversed and new trial granted, cost's to abide the final award of costs. • , ' "  