
    Thomas Keitel et al., Plaintiffs, v. Joseph J. Zimmermann et al., Defendants.
    (Supreme Court, New York Trial Term,
    February, 1897.)
    1. Vendor and purchaser — Incumbrances — Debts of ancestor.
    To entitle a purchaser of real estate to rescind the contract and recover back his deposit on the ground that the land would be subject to the debts of the vendor’s ancestor, if any should be found on the final settle- . ment of his estate, he must show the existence of debts against such estate as well as an insufficiency of personalty.
    
      2. Same — Payment of incumbrances at time of closing sufficient.
    The existence of incumbrances is not a fatal objection to the title where the vendor is willing to allow the amount thereof from the purchase price and they can be satisfied at the time of closing the sale.
    3. Same — Encroachments.
    An encroachment of from a quarter to half an inch upon adjoining premises is too trifling to be considered a defect in the title.
    4. Same — Breach of contract — Dámages.
    Where the. purchaser of land improperly refuses to complete, the measure of damage is the difference between the price fixed in the contract and the value of the land at the time fixed for delivery of the deed.
    5. Same — Evidence of value.
    Proof of the sum for which the land was subsequently sold at private sale without notice to the defaulting purchaser is not sufficient to establish the value of the land.
    Action by vendees for breach of contract to convey realty.
    John Hardy, for plaintiffs.
    J. G. Flammer, for defendants.
   McAdam, J.

The plaintiffs, vendees in' a contract for the purchase of premises Ho. 445 West Eifty-third street, Hew York city, sue the defendants as vendors to recover back $250 deposit on the execution of the agreement, and $168.90 paid for examining the title, upon the ground that the defendants were unable to perform their undertaking. The contract-is signed by the vendors only; but this is sufficient, for the rule is settled that in equity for obtaining a specific performance, as well as at law for recovering damages, the signature of the party who makes the engagement is all that the statute requires; and this is put upon the ground (in addition to the unqualified language of the statute itself) that the plaintiff, by hi's act of filing the bill, has made the remedy mutual Browne on St. Er., § 366; Ballard v. Walker, 3 Johns. Cas. 60; Roget v. Merritt, 2 Caine, 120; Clason v. Bailey, 14 Johns. 484. The plaintiff’s right to recover rests upon the following objections to the title: 1. That in the partition suit of Striker v. Mott, which resulted in a decree January 10, 1866, there was a substantial defect, which gave rise to an action submitted for decision to Mr. Justice Grildersleeve, June 3, 1896. The 'character of the alleged blemish does not clearly appear, and is perhaps not material now, for it has since been decided that the objection is without merit. 2. That one undivided third interest in the property was derived by the defendants as heirs-at-law of Louis Zimmermann, who died August 16, 1892, leaving no other property (according to the petition filed Tor letters of administration), except personalty not exceeding in amount $100; and that no notice to present claims had been published, as required by statute.' Bedf. Surr. Pr. (3d ed.) 533. ' The evidence shows that the intestate left no debts, and that his funeral expenses were paid by his brother, and the’sole purpose of administration-, was to collect some unpaid salary. Apart from this, it is settled law that to entitle purchasers to the relief sought here, based on such an objection, they are bound to show debts as well as an insufficient personal estate. Moser v. Cochrane, 12 Daly, 292; aff’d, 107 N. Y. 35; Schermerhorn v. Niblo, 2 Bosw. 161. 3. That on May 13, 1893, the time fixed for closing title, there was an unsatisfied mortgage on the premises to one Da Cunha, to secure $4,000, besides one year’s unpaid Croton tax. It was proved that the husband of the mortgagee attended at the place' for closing title with a satisfaction piece ready to deliver on the consummation of the sale,'and that the defendants were willing to allow and pay the unpaid water tax then and there; so that there is no merit in this objection. Ziehen v. Smith, 148 N. Y. 558; Campbell v. Prague, 6 App. Div. 554; Carr. v. Dooley, 19 Misc. Rep. 553. 4. That the property was sold subject to a mortgage for $9,000, with interest at five per cent., whereas the mortgage called for six- per cent. It was proved that the mortgagee had reduced the rate of interest to five per cent., and that no greater sum had been exacted for some time prior to the date fixed for closing title. It did not appear that the mortgage was not due, nor did the contract require that it should remain on the property. ¡So that the sum to be paid, rather than the rate originally fixed, was the only practical matter to be considered. 5. That there was a slight encroachment on the adjoining lot. This was explained by Mr. Serrell,the surveyor, who testified that it was common experience to find! a block a little longer or a trifle shorter than the official maps' called for, in which case the surplus was divided among or the deficiency made up by the adjoining owners; that on the block in question there was a surplus, so that each house had an extra width of a quarter to half an inch; and that the alleged encroachment was nothing more or less than this surplusage, which by common consent belonged to the defendants’ lot. Independently of this, the incumbrance, if it existed, being of so trifling a character, would not be considered a defect in the title. De minimis non curat lex. Katz v. Kaiser, 10 App. Div. 137; 41 N. Y. Supp. 776. The defendants were undoubtedly willing to convey, and the title would have gone through if the plaintiffs had been willing to take, but they would not; and they were no doubt honest in the belief that it would not be advisable to accept the title the defendants were able to convey. Ho ground of objection other than the one of alleged encroachment was specified with the particularity that would enable the vendors to- obviate the remediable objections stated. The title offered was merchantable, and was subsequently approved on a sale to another purchaser at a price $700 less than that for which the plaintiffs had agreed to take the property, and this sum the defendants seek to recover from the plaintiffs by way of counterclaim. The true measure of damages against a vendee in default on such a contract is the difference between the price fixed in the contract and the value at the time fixed for delivering the deed. 1 Sedg. Dam., (7th ed.) 382, 383; Wilson v. Holden, 16 Abb. Pr. 133; Congregation Beth Elchim v. Cent. P. Church, 10 Abb. Pr. (N. S.) 496-498. Of this there is no proof other than that furnished by the subsequent sale by private compact without notice to the plaintiffs, and the price realized being the result of negotiations with which they had nothing to do, a proper measure of recovery is not established as against them. See Hine v. Manhattan R. Co., 28 Abb. N. C. 251; Keller v. Paine, 34 Hun, 177; Van Brocklen v. Smeallie, 64 id. 467. The case last cited was reversed in 140 N. Y. 70, but upon the sole ground that the interest sold, though treated as realty, was in law personalty, and as the resale was on notice it was controlled by. the decisions in Dustan v. McAndrew, 44 N. Y. 18, and Hayden v. Demets, 53 id. 426, which relate to the rights of vendors of personalty. The counterclaim .is dismissed, but there will be judgment respecting the plaintiffs’ alleged cause of action in favor of the defendants.

Ordered accordingly. .  