
    Sarah A. Gedney, Individually and as Trustee under the Last Will and Testament of Charles Gedney, Deceased, Plaintiff, v. Alfred W. Gedney and William A. Gedney, as Executors, etc., of William H. Gedney, Deceased, Respondents; Luiz A. Da Cunha, as Executor and Trustee under the Last Will and Testament of Charles Gedney, Deceased, Appellant.
    
      Tenants in, common — when liable to one another for repairs which the lease requires their tenant to make—judgment, when a bar — two independent claims between the same parties need, not be united in a proceeding to collect one of them,.
    
    Where, although a lease of property, owned by two tenants in common, provides that their tenant shall make repairs, both owners agree between themselves that it is to their interest to make certain repairs themselves, the amount expended therefor should be charged against the rent of the property in favor of the owner making the repairs.
    A person having two independent claims against a debtor is not bound to unite both of them in one action or proceeding; and if it is claimed that a previous proceeding to collect one claim bars the other, the burden is upon the debtor to show that the one claim was so directly connected with or naturally a part of the other that both were, or could have been,' determined in the former adjudication.
    Appeal by the defendant, Luiz A. da Cunha, as executor and trustee. under the last will and testament of Charles Gedney, deceased, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant William II. Gedney, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 28th day of August, 1896, upon the report of a referee.
    
      E. H. Benn, for the appellant.
    
      Charles A. Deshon and John F. Meyer, for the respondents.
   Ingraham, J. :

This action is for an accounting between the plaintiff, as executor of Charles Gedney, deceased, and William H. Gedney, who were tenants in common of certain property in the city of New York; William H. Gedney died subsequent to the entry of judgment, and his executors were substituted in his place as defendants. The accounting was ordered to be taken before a referee, who has reported in favor of the estate of William H. Gedney against Luiz da Ounha, as executor of Charles Gedney, for upwards of $14,000. The appellant objects to three items allowed by the referee to William H. Gedney. We will dispose of these objections in the order in which, they are discussed by the referee.

The first is for an allowance to William IT. Gedney for the sum expended by him for repairs to the hotel while it was in possession of certain tenants, on the ground that under the lease the tenants were bound to make such repairs, and that one of the owners had no right to make them and charge the amount paid therefor against the rent of the property. We think the referee was clearly right in this allowance. William H. Gedney, who was examined as a .witness before the referee, testified that before these repairs were made, the tenants claimed that they were not making any money, and as there was then to be some painting done on the property, “my brother and I agreed that we would pay one-half of the amount of certain painting. After he died that painting was done.” Thus, although the tenant was, as between the landlord and himself, to do these repairs, if for any reason it was for the interest of the landlord to do them, and the owners of the property as between themselves agreed that they should be done by the landlord, there was no reason why the amount actually paid should not be a credit in favor of the party making such payment. ' The. testimony as to the agreement between Charles ánd William, the two owners of the property at the time, was not objected to, and was not contradicted; and the referee having believed it and given, effect to the agreement, we would not be justified in reversing his decision. The other repairs, except the painting, seem to be fairly within the obligation of the landlord as against the tenant, and we think the referee was justified in allowing them,' •

The next question is as to the claim of William H. Gedney, which was allowed, for onedialf of certain rents collected and received by Charles Gedney during his lifetime.. The objection to. this allowance by the appellant is that any recovery is barred by the former claim made by William against the estate of Charles, the correctness.of which was disputed, and which was referred to a referee, who allowed to William a sum of upwards of $11,000 against the estate, upon which judgment was entered and subsequently paid. The record of that proceeding is not before us. All that appears is that, by a stipulation between the parties, it is admitted that William H. Gedney presented a claim against the estate of Charles Gedney, which, being disputed, was duly referred to a referee who reported that the defendant William H. Gedney was entitled to judgment against the executors of Charles Gedney for upwards of $9,000, with interest. Some questions were asked of William when called as a witness as to this claim, and he called, it a claim against his brother’s estate for money paid prior to his death. There is nothing stated in the stipulation as to the foundation of this claim of William against the estate of Charles, and neither from the stipulation nor the evidence does it appear that the question involved upon the trial of that claim was the amount of rents of this property which Charles had collected during his lifetime and which really belonged to William. It is conceded that Charles during his lifetime did receive rents to the amount of $1,704.76 for which his estate has never accounted to William; and if the estate of Charles seeks to avoid the payment of this claim upon the ground that its enforcement is barred by the former adjudication, the burden is upon such estate to show that, in the former proceeding, or in the adjudication therein, the question either was or could have been actually determined. I suppose a person having two independent claims against an estate is no more bound to unite both of them in one action or proceeding than he is bound to unite two independent demands against an individual in one action. It is only where the claim is of such a nature that it is directly connected with the demand sued on and naturally a part of it that a bar exists. The burden was upon the defendant to show this fact, and we think there is nothing in the record to 'show that the claim presented against the estate involved the amount of rents that Charles had collected during his lifetime and for which his estate should account to William.

The third question presented is upon the allowance by the referee of one-half of the excess of rents collected by da Cunha from July 1, 1890, to November 1,1893, over and above the amount collected by William. H. Gedney. It seems that after the death of Charles Gedney, those in whom his interest in this estate had vested appointed da. Cunha, who was the. acting; executor of Charles Gedney, their agent,'to receive the rents, issues and profits of this, real estate. He was thus entitled, as attorney in fact .of the heirs and devisees of Charles Gedney, or as executor of Charles- GedneyV estate, to one-half of the rents received from the property in question. Subsequent to that he had a verbal agreement with William H. Gedney, by which each'was to collect one-half of the rents.- Under that agreement -both William Gedney and da Cunha seem to have got as much as they could of the rents, and'the result was that'da Cunha succeeded in ¡collecting about $4,130.93 more than William H. Gedney collected. One half of that amount the referee allowed William Gedney to recover. We think that Was clearly-right.' The agreement was that each should collect one-half of the rents, but there was no agreement that if one collected more than the half he Was entitled, to collect, he could have it as against his cotenant. There is no evidence as to- just how the partners managed each to collect his one-half, or just how they proceeded under this agreementbut it clearly' was ' the intention that each party should collect half the rent, and not that one party should, collect the whole rent and subsequently account for it. It was, however, equally clear that, if one party did actually collect more than one-half of the rent actually j)aid,- there was nothing in the agreement which would destroy his liability to account to the Other tenant in common for the proportion that he had-collected, over the one-half. which it was agreed he should collect.

As these are the only questions before us for review, and as we ' think the referee was right in the disposition that he made of them, the judgment is affirmed, with costs.

Van Brunt, P. J., Williams, Patterson and O’Brien. JJconcurred.

Judgment affirmed, with costs  