
    Joseph W. Jacobs, Respondent, v. Henry B. Sire, Appellant.
    First Department,
    July 13, 1909.
    Landlord and tenant—assignee of lease cannot question assignor’s title — instrument conveying only rights of assignor — covenant to hold assignor harmless.
    One who accepted the assignment of an oral lease for one year at a time when the assignor had established the lease in summary proceedings to dispossess him, and has remained in possession for the balance of the term, is estopped from questioning his assignor’s title. He cannot recover the consideration for the assignment, although the lease was declared to be invalid on a new trial of the summary proceeding.
    Moreover, there can be no recovery of the consideration for the assignment when the same recited the order establishing the oral lease and provided that the assignment was without recourse as.against the assignor whether said final order were reversed Or otherwise, for the legal effect of such assignment was merely to transfer to the assignee the right, title and interest of the assignor.
    Where the assignee merely held the lease as agent for other parties who paid the rent to the owner, they cannot question the legality of the assignment, especially where they covenanted to save the assignor harmless from any liability by reason of the assignment.
    Appeal by the defendant, Henry B. Sire, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Hew York on the 20tli day of April, 1908, upon the verdict of a jury, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 11th day of Hay, 1908,- denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial.
    
      Franklin Bien, for the appellant.
    
      I. Maurice Wormser, for the respondent.
   McLaughlin, J.:

The defendant for some time prior to the 1st of May, 1902, was in possession, as assignee of alease terminating upon that day, of c.er- . tain premises in the city of Mew York known as the Casino Theatre. The owners, who were the executors and trustees of one Robert' F. Bixby, deceased,, had,' prior to the 1st of May, 1902, leased the same to Samuel S. & Lee Shuberf- for a term of five'years from that date. The defendant refused to surrender possession to the Shuberts upon the ground that Bixby, prior to his death, had made an oral lease of the property to him for the term of one year from May 1,' 1902. The owners thereupon instituted summary proceedings to dispossess him, but lie succeeded in establishing the alleged oral lease and a final order was made in his favor. Immediately following such determination and on the 20th of May, 1902, the defendant ' assigned all his right, title and interest in the oral lease to the plain- ' tiff for a consideration of $20,000. The. plaintiff was an employee ' of the Shuberts, who in fact paid the consideration and requested that the assignment be made nominally to him, and it seems to be conceded in this action that the Shuberts are the real parties in interest, the court having so charged without -exception. Th© assignment to the plaintiff recited the order which had been made .in the dispossess proceedings, and contained the provision': “Tins assignment is made without recourse as against the said Henry B. Sire, whether said final order be reversed, or otherwise.” On the same day the Shuberts entered into an agreement with the defendant whereby they covenanted that they would save him harmless from all1 liability under hiá oral léase and “ from any and all liability either in law or in equity by reason of liis assignment of said lease ” to plaintiff, and also from liability to the- Bixby estate in case the final, order in the dispossess, proceedings was reversed. The .final' order was reversed by the Appellate Term and a new trial ordered. The new trial resulted in an order dispossessing the defendant on the ground that he did not have an oral lease and was a holdover, but on appeal this order-was also reversed and a new trial "ordered. Thereafter the proceedings were abandoned, the year having expired. In the meantime the plaintiff had -been in possession of the premises and the Shuberts had paid the rent to the trustees of the Bixby estate.

In April, 1904, the plaintiff commenced this action to recover the $20,000 paid for the assignment of the oral lease, upon the ground that defendant in fact had no such lease and that the money had been obtained through his fraud. The court submitted to the jury the single question, “ Did the defendant have an oral lease of the premises described in the complaint ? ” To which it answered “No.” Thereupon, on plaintiff’s motion, a. general verdict was directed in his favor for $20,000, and interest, amounting in all to $26,280, and from the judgment entered thereon and an order denying a motion for a new trial, defendant appeals.

The complaint clearly states a cause of action for fraud and it is not claimed that fraud was proven. The respondent seeks, however, to sustain the judgment on the ground that the action was for money had and received, but since the judgment must be reversed for another reason it is unnecessary to determine whether or not it might, under any circumstances, be upheld on this ground.

The evidence is undoubtedly sufficient to sustain the finding of the jury to the effect that the defendant did not have an oral lease of the property from the 1st of May, 1902, to the 1st of May, 1903. Notwithstanding this fact the plaintiff was not entitled to recover. Wh¿n the assignment was made, defendant was in possession of the premises under a claim that he had an oral lease for one year from the 1st of' May, 1902, and he had then successfully established, in the dispossess proceedings brought by the owners, that he had a lease of the property for that period of time. The plaintiff obtained possession from him by virtue of the assignment and remained in possession during the balance of the term. That being so he is estopped from questioning defendant’s title. (Jackson v. Harper, 5 Wend. 246; Prevot v. Lawrence, 51 N. Y. 219; Territt v. Cowenhoven, 79 id. 400; Tilyou v. Reynolds, 108 id. 558.)

In the case last cited the plaintiff was in possession of certain lands under a lease from the commissioners of the town of Gravesend. The commissioners assumed to extend the lease fora further period of ten years and the plaintiff being still in possession, sublet a portion of them to the defendant, who went into possession and paid the rent for the. first year, but refused to pay it for the second year. Plaintiff having brought an action to recover this rent he set up as a defense that the extension of plaintiff’s lease was void, and upon this ground sought also to recover the rent for the first year which he had paid.. It was held that the defendant, having gone into possession as lessee of the plaintiff and' remained in possession, could not repudiate his contract or question plaintiff’s title, notwithstanding the fact that it had theretofore been judicially determined that the extension of the plaintiff’s lease was void. (Tilyou v. Town of Gravesend, 104 N. Y. 356.)

In the present case the defendant successfully resisted all attempts of the owners to evict him and had, at the time when the assignment was made, an adjudication that he" had án oral lease of the premises for one year. Under such circumstances the plaintiff cannot be permitted to répudiaté his contract and recover the consideration paid.

I am also of the opinion that this same conclusion must be reached when the terms of the assignment are considered. The assignment recites that dispossess proceedings had been started against the defendant and that the same had resulted in an order determining that he had an oral lease of the premises from May 1,1902, to May 1, 1903, and then, provides: “ This assignment is made without recourse as against the said Henry 33. Sire, whether said final order be reversed or otherwise.” The legal effect'of this instrument was, therefore, to transfer to the plaintiff the possession of the property and all the right, title and interest of the defendant in the alleged oral lease. Even if it had subsequently been established that Sire had no lease and he had been dispossessed ■—■ which was not dope — the plaintiff could not recover the $20,000 paid to'him as money had and received. By the terms of the assignment Sire agreed to surrender possession of the property and whatever rights he had therein. The plaintiff knew that Sire’s lease was questioned — the proceedings being recited in the assignment itself — and he expressly agreed that the assignment should be without recourse against Sire, . however the proceedings should result. Having obtained and remained in possession upon these terms it is entirely immaterial in fact whether Sire had a valid lease, or not.

It is also immaterial that the Shuberts paid to the trustees of the Bixby estate the rent under their lease. If they claimed possession under that lease they should have evicted'Sire instead of through the plaintiff, recognizing his interest and thus acquiring possession. Moreover, so far as they are concerned, they are also not in a position to question the legality of the assignment, because they covenanted' they would save Sire harmless from any and all liability, either in law or in. equity, by reason of his assignment of said lease ” to the plaintiff.

The judgment and order appealed from are, therefore, reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event.

Ingraham, Laughlin, Clarke and Houghton, JJ., concurred.

Judgment and order reversed and hew trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event.  