
    Matter of the Final Judicial Settlement of the Accounts of Elizabeth A. Brown, as Executrix, Etc., of Mary McKay, Deceased.
    (Surrogate’s Court, Dutchess County,
    January, 1904.)
    Legacy — Not subject to abatement when made to an adopted child.
    A specific legacy of the amount due a testatrix upon a bond and mortgage, held by her on the premises of the legatee, is not subject to abatement where it appears that it represents money which she had offered him, a person whom she had informally adopted as a son when he was two years old and whom she had supported and educated during his minority, she receiving his wages, in order to enable him, after she had become a widow,' to build a house, with rooms to suit her, in which she and he and his wife might live together and in which she did live for seven years and was living when she made her will.
    Proceedings upon the final judicial settlement of the accounts of an executrix.
    Walter Farrington, for executrix.
    George Wood, for James B. McKay, legatee.
    Charles F. Cossum, for Barbara Jack and James Brown, legatees.
   Hoysradt, S.

Mary McKay, late of Wappingers Falls, in this county, in her will, gave first to James McKay the amount due upon a bond and mortgage which she held against his property, secondly to her sister-in-law Barbara Jack and to her nephew James Brown, both of Glasgow, Scotland, all money which she had on deposit in the savings bank.

It appears from the accounts of the executrix that the mortgage referred to and the savings bank deposits were substantially all of the personal assets. The account also shows that debts aggregating $1,231.73 have been paid by the executrix, or still remain, unpaid, and the question is presented whether the mortgage bequeathed to James McKay shall be sold by the executrix and the proceeds used with the savings bank deposits to discharge the liabilities of the estate.

Both are specific legacies and ordinarily would be resorted to without discrimination, but James McKay claims that the relation of parent and child existed between the testatrix and himself and that a construction of her will which would free Ms legacy from liability for the debts of the testatrix is warranted by the extrinsic facts and circumstances, and that such was her intention. James McKay, whose proper name was James Brown, was taken by Mary McKay and her husband, apparently as their own child, when he was hut two years old, hut without any legal form of adoption. They gave him their name, maintained and educated him. They brought him with them to Wappingers in 1866, and during his minority James gave his wages to Mary McKay. He married in 1881- and his father, the husband of Mary McKay, died in 1887. In 1895 James McKay built a house at Wappingers Ealls, in which rooms were especially arranged for his mother, Mary McKay. James had not means sufficient to build the house and she offered to let him have $2,000, and said they would all live together. As security for the loan she took a mortgage of $2,000 on the property which was preceded by a first mortgage of $1,500, held by the Wappingers Savings Bank. The principal of the second mortgage was reduced to $1,500. James McKay now has the custody of the mortgage papers at the direction of the mortgagee, although no effort is made to prove a gift outside of the will.

The will of Mary McKay was executed August 30, 1900, when she was occupying apartments in the house of James McKay, built principally with her own funds. It may be reasonably deduced from the circumstances referred to and the harmonious relations with her son and his family that he would be the natural object of her bounty. If the question now presented to the court of freeing her adopted son’s legacy before bequeathing her actual money to a nonrelative and a nephew in a foreign country had been then presented to her, there can be no reasonable inference that she would have failed to give him the full benefit of forgiving his debt.

While the will is practically devoid of any expression which would lead to a solution of the question presented, I am convinced that a construction which will exempt the forgiveness of the son’s debt from liability for debts of the testatrix is fully justified by the extrinsic facts and circumstances. There are no words or expression in the will actually conveying such a meaning, but under some circumstances the courts have found an intention to prefer without express words on the part of the testator. In Lewin v. Lewin, 2 Yes. 415, the executor was directed to pay an annuity to the wife for the maintenance of a child, and this was held to have been intended as preferred particularly as it was a provision for a child not otherwise provided for.

In Scofield v. Adams, 12 Hun, 366, a testatrix gave her husband the use for life of certain articles and the income of $5,000, with so much of the principal as should be necessary for his comfortable support, with the remainder over to other parties. This was followed by other general legacies far beyond the assets of the estate. It was held that the will should be construed in the light of the surroundings at the time the instrument was made and that the legacy to the husband, although general, as were the other legacies, was not subject to abatement.

In Stewart v. Chambers, 2 Sandf. Ch. 382, the rule is laid down that legacies for the support of a wife and children not otherwise provided for do not abate with general legacies.

In Petrie v. Petrie, 7 Bans. 97, it was held that a legacy for education, like one for maintenance, is to be preferred. This rule is also followed in Bliven v. Seymour, 88 N. Y. 469.

The principles of construction favoring near relatives, dependents and natural objects of bounty over collateral and nonrelatives is also applied in those cases involving intent to charge legacies upon real estate for similar reasons set forth in the cases above cited.

I can supply no reason why a legacy to a child for support, maintenance or education should be any more entitled to preference over other legacies of the same class than the legacy to James McKay in the case at bar. The testatrix in forgiveness of her son’s debt sought to discharge a lien upon the home which she had helped to establish and had occupied conjointly with him for seven years, and derived much of the benefits emanating from her son’s obligation. I think the rule may well be extended to the case at bar. The decree may provide that the debts be paid from the savings bank deposits and that the legacy to James McKay is exempt from abatement.

Decreed accordingly.  