
    Simons v. Goldbach et al.
    
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department.
    
    March 28, 1890.)
    Fraudulent Conveyance—Confession of Judgment.
    Where the confession of a judgment includes a debt not due, and is part and parcel of a scheme to remove property from the reach of creditors, it is void, not to the extent of the fraud, but absolutely, under 3 Rev. St. N. Y. § 1, p. 137; and it is immaterial whether the plaintiff was cognizant of the fraud or not.
    Appeal from special term, New York county.
    Action by Joseph Simons against Frank M. Simons and Samuel Goldbach. Sigmund Ashner, an attaching creditor of the defendants, appeals from an order denying his motion to vacate the judgment, and execution entered therein.
    Argued before Van Brunt, P. J., and Brady and Daniels, JJ.
    
      J. Fennel, for appellant. Joseph Kohler, (George Hahn, of counsel,) for respondent.
   Van Brunt, P. J.

On the 4th of December, 1889, the defendants confessed a judgment in favor of the plaintiff for $4,117.58; and the same was duly entered, and an execution issued thereon on that day. The appellant, having obtained an attachment against the property of the defendants, and caused the sheriff to levy upon the identical property levied upon under said execution, made a motion to vacate the said judgment and execution upon the ground that such judgment was fraudulent and void, and was entered pursuant to a scheme to cheat and defraud .the creditors of the defendants, and that the execution was irregular in that it was issued for the whole amount of the judgment, while only a part of the sum secured by the judgment was due. The learned justice in the court below reduced the judgment to $3,081.19 for damages and costs, and allowed the same to stand for the balance. In arriving at this conclusion the learned justice allowed a claim for $835.81 for merchandise due from the plaintiff to the defendants, and $200 for money loaned,—an item put in the books by the defendant Simon. There was also included in the judgment a note dated November 8,1889, payable 30 days after date, for $302, and hence not due when judgment was confessed, which was allowed to remain; and from the order thereupon entered this appeal is taken.

There is no doubt as to the power of the court to amend the judgment and execution, if an honest mistake had been committed as to the amount. But it is clear, from the circumstances attending the entry of the judgment in question, and from the fact that a fraudulent item of $200 was included in the judgment, that the confession was not made in good faith, but was made with intent to hinder, delay, and defraud creditors; and, if this was the fact, then it is entirely immaterial whether the plaintiff in the confession was cognizant of the fraud or not. The judgment would be equally invalid. In the case of an assignment with preferences, where a preference has been made for a fraudulent amount, under the statute, such a fraudulent preference invalidates the whole assignment; or where, in a judgment, there is included, intentionally, more than is actually due, such judgment is void, not to the extent of the fraud, but wholly, according to the provisions of the statute. 2 Rev. St. § 1, p. 137, reads as follows: “Every conveyance or assignment, in writing or otherwise, of any estate or interest in lands, or in goods or things in action, or of any rents or profits issuing therefrom, and every charge upon lands, goods, or things in action, or upon the rents or profits thereof, made with the intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors or other persons of their lawful suits, damages, forfeitures, debts, or demands, and every bond or other evidence of debt given, suit commenced, decree or judgment suffered, with the like intent, as against the person so hindered, delayed, or defrauded, shall be void.” The learned court below, upon sufficient evidence, having found that, as to a portion of this judgment, it was fraudulently entered, was bound, under the provisions of the statute, to vacate the judgment, because such judgment, entered under such circumstances, is declared by the statute to be absolutely void. If the defendants included in their confession of judgment more than the plaintiff was entitled to receive, there can no claim be made that it was an honest mistake. They were upon the verge of bankruptcy. They could not continue their business, and they confessed this judgment for the purpose of securing the father of one of the defendants; and the evidence seems to be that at least a large proportion of the amount covered by this judgment was not due. Of this fact they were well aware, and yet the judgment is entered for the full amount. This was a fraud upon the creditors which renders such judgment void, pursuant to the statute.

There was evidence adduced by the affidavits that there was a scheme upon the part of these defendants to remove their property from the reach of their creditors, and that the attorney who issued this execution, and who was the attorney for the entry of the confession of judgment, was cognizant of this intention. The entry of the judgment, and the carrying out of the intention, was evidently one scheme; but it is urged that the knowledge of this attorney of this attempt cannot affect the plaintiff, because his action cannot be said to involve the plaintiff in a scheme to cheat the creditors of the defendants, so as to have his honest judgment set aside. In this proposition the learned counsel forgets that it is not necessary, in order to invalidate this judgment, that the plaintiff had cognizance of the scheme to defraud the creditors. It is sufficient, even if this judgment was confessed upon an honest debt, that it was part and parcel of a plan by which some portion of defendants’ property was to be removed and concealed from their creditors, to render such judgment absolutely void, because all the acts of the defendants in the carrying out of such a scheme are necessarily tainted with the same infirmity. In the case of an assignment with preferences, although honest debts may be preferred, yet, if any portion of it is tainted with the intent to defraud creditors, the whole assignment falls. So, in the case of the confession of a judgment, if it is part and parcel of a scheme to remove property from the reach of creditors, although the plaintiff in the judgment may be entirely innocent, and although his debt may be entirely honest, the judgment is tainted by the intent of the parties confessing the same. It is not necessary that the plaintiff should be involved in the fraud in order that he may lose the security which he has obtained by the entry of the judgment. It is only bona fide purchasers for value who are protected by their own good faith, and a judgment creditor does not stand in that relation towards his judgment debtors.

Upon the whole case, therefore, instead of reducing the judgment because of the insertion therein of a fraudulent amount, the court should have vacated the same entirely. The order should be reversed, and the judgment vacated, with $10 costs and disbursements. All concur.  