
    HAWKINS v. STATE.
    (No. 8599.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    Feb. 4, 1925.
    Rehearing Denied April 8, 1925.)
    I.Criminal law <&wkey;742(i), 743 — -Testimony of defendant and wife not conclusive, but question for jury in view of their interests.
    In prosecution for unlawful manufacture Of intoxicating liquor, testimony of defendant and his wife, that he was making liquor for medicinal purposes, is not conclusive, as their interes-1 in .matter is such as rendered truth of their testimony a question for determination of jury.
    2.Witnesses <®=274(l) — Cross-examination of defendant’s character witness held not improper.
    In prosecution for unlawfully manufacturing liquor, asking of defendant’s character witness on cross-examination as to whether people with whom witness had talked, and upon whose statements he based his opinion, were aware that defendant was engaged in manufacture of liquor, was not error, where defendant testified and put in issue his good reputation.
    3. Criminal law &wkey;>l 169(2) — Refusing further questioning as to defendant’s financial condition held not harmful error, where further inquiry would have been repetition.
    In prosecution for unlawfully manufacturing liquor, where defendant’s wife testified to need of liquor for medicinal purposes and inability to purchase such liquors, refusal to permit further questioning of defendant’s financial condition was not harmful error, where further inquiry, as shown by bill of exceptions, merely called for repetition of what had been previously testified to.
    4. Criminal law <&wkey;703 — Cross-examination of defendants prosecuted for manufacturing held not improper.
    In prosecution for unlawfully manufacturing liquor, in which defense was need thereof for medicinal purposes, where defendant testified that he had bought 200 pounds of sugar at $9 per hundred for making alcohol, and that his financial condition would not permit purchase of alcohol, question to defendants by state’s counsel that, “You were willing to experiment on expenditure of money for-sugar?” held, not improper.
    On Motion for Rehearing.
    5. Witnesses <&wkey;363( I) — Motive or animus of witness subject .of inquiry.
    The motive or animus which operates upon mind of witness is subject of material inquiry, in order to enable jury to weigh testimony and . determine credibility' of witness.
    Appeal from District Court, Crosby County; Clark M. Mullican, Judge.
    Joe Hawkins was convicted of unlawfully manufacturing intoxicating liquors, and he appeals.
    Affirmed.
    Bloyd A. Wicks, of Ralls, for appellant.
    Tom Garrard, State’s Atty., and Grover O. Morris, Asst. State’s Atty., both of Austin, for the State.
   MORROW, P. J.

The unlawful manufacture of intoxicating liquor is the offense; punishment fixed at confinement in the penitentiary for one year.

The proof that appellant had manufactured a quantity of intoxicating liquor is conclusive. He justified it upon the ground that he was making it for medicinal purposes for the use of himself and his wife. This defensive theory was supported alone by the testimony of the appellant and his wife. Their testimony is not 'conclusive. Their interest in the matter is such as rendered the truth of their testimony a question for the determination of the jury. See Costillo v. State (Tex. Cr. App.) 266 S. W. 158; Vernon’s Tex. Crim. Stat. 1916, vol. 2, pp. 687 and 688.

A witness testified to the good reputation of the appellant for truth and veracity. On cross-examination he was asked if the people with whom the witness had talked and upon whose statements he based his opinion of the reputation were aware of the fact that the appellant was engaged in the manufacture of liquor. As the matter is presented in the hill, we are not inclined to regard the inquiry as going beyond the scope of proper cross-examination. The appellant testified as a witness upon the stand and put in issue his reputation for truth and veracity which, in order to be material, necessarily related to the time of the trial. He was then under a'legal charge of manufacturing intoxicating liquor. The rule has a general application, and the means of knowledge of a witness who gives testimony touching the character or reputation may be tested on cross-examination. See Forrester v. State, 38 Tex. Cr. R. 245, 42 S. W. 400; Patterson v. State, 83 Tex. Cr. R. 169, 202 S. W. 88. Moreover, in the present case, appellant put in issue his reputation as a law-abiding citizen.

The wife of the appellant testified to the need of alcoholic stimulants for medicinal purposes and said that she and her husband were unable to purchase such liquors ; that the times were hard and that they did not have sufficient money; that he did not own any property or real estate, but was working the land belonging to his wife’s father. We think the’ refusal of the court to go further into the appellant’s financial conditions was not harmful error. Besides, the bill of exceptions in which there is1 an attempt to complain of the refusal, to make further inquiry upon the subject appears as merely calling for a repetition of that which had been previously given.

Appellant in his testimony declared that he had bought 200 pounds of sugar at $9 per hundred pounds for the purpose of making alcohol. He testified that his financial position would not permit the purchase of alcohol. In view of this testimony, the impropriety of counsel for the state propounding on cross-examination the question, “You are willing to experiment on the expenditure of money for sugar?” is not perceived.

Regarding the evidence sufficient to. support the conviction, the judgment is affirmed.

On Motion for Rehearing.

In a motion for rehearing showing much thought and ‘ research, appellant’s counsel insists that although the transportation of the whisky was shown, the defensive testimony, being uncontradieted and going to show that the liquor was transported for medicinal purposes, is conclusive against the state. He supports his position by reference to the case of Satterwhite v. State, 6 Tex. App. 609, and other cases collated in Vernon’s Tex. Crim. Stat. vol. 2, p. 688, note 6. Ik the Satterwhite Case, supra, it is said:

' “From the fact that a witness is unimpeached and uncontradicted, it does not follow that the jury are necessarily bound to believe Ms evidence and take it as true. There is no such positive rule; no more than that they must reject his testimony, if evidence has been offered to impeach him. The question of credibility,. under all the testimony and surrounding indications, judging from mode and manner of testifying, the probability or improbability of the statements, is for the jury; though they are not to reject or disregard a witness arbitrarily, and especially so in those cases where his testimony is sustained by the corroborative evidence of circumstances and of other witnesses. And, ‘while they may judge of the credibility of a witness, they must exercise judgment, and not will merely, in doing so.’ ”

This proposition is sound and well supported by precedents. In Ruling Case Law, vol. 28, p. 660, § 245, it is said:

“Where a disinterested witness, who is in no way discredited by other evidence, testifies from knowledge to a fact which is not in itself improbable or in conflict with other evidence, the witness is to be believed, and the fact testified to is to be taken as legally established.”

In the same section it is also said:

“However, while the jury are not warranted in; arbitrarily or capriciously rejecting the testimony of a witness, neither are they required to accept and give effect to testimony which they find to be unreliable, although it may be uncontradicted.”

In the same connection it is said further:

“A witness, though unimpeached, may have such an interest in the question at issue as to affect his credibility. Thus where the testimony proceeds from a person who would be guilty of a criminal fault unless he vindicated himself from the presumption arising from the transaction, a question of credibility is presented for the jury, and they may disregard such testimony.”

In our practice, no principle of evidence is better supported than that which declares that the motive or animus which operates upon the mind of a witness is a subject of material inquiry. See Branch’s Ann. Tex. P. O. § 163, and many cases collated. The obvious purpqse of 'this practice is to enable the jury to weigh the testimony, estimate its value, and to determine the credibility of the witnesses. In the trial of civil cases there are exceptions to the rule (Amer. Law Rep. vol. 8, p. 814, note), but we confess our lack of knowledge of any well-considered criminal case in which the jury , has been held bound to accept as true the testimony of an interested or biased witness. Such a rule would make true the testimony of the slayer in a murder case that the homicide was committed in self-defense, or the possessor of stolen property that it was obtained by a lawful purchase, or the swindler that he believed to be true the false representation by which he ac■quired the property of the owner. Formerly the law closed the mouth of one accused of crime, because of his interest. It would be a perversion of the humane legislation which permits one charged with crime to testify and to judicially declare his testimony, if uncontradicted, to be conclusive. When one accused of crime gives testimony in his own behalf, his interest in the result of the trial is such as would exculpate the jury fr'om the charge of arbitrarily rejecting the testimony. See Underhill on Orim. Ev. (3d Ed.) § 390, and eases cited in note 11.

The interest of the wife or father of one accused of a felony differs from that of the principal only in degree, and in our judgment leaves operative the principle of law asserted in the text which has been quoted and which is in consonance with our statute committing to' the judgment of the jury the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony.

We conceive it to be the duty of the court to overrule the motion for rehearing, which is accordingly done. 
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