
    James Ferris, App’lt, v. Elizabeth W. Aldrich, Resp’t.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department,
    
    
      Filed December 29, 1890.)
    
    Negligence—Liability op owner op building por injuries received on uncompleted elevator.
    Plaintiff, who was an employe of a contractor who was working on defendant’s building, was injured while ascending in an elevator which was not provided with slats. The son of deferdant testified that he had forbidden the use of the elevator by the workmen, but it did not appear that they knew of such prohibition, and the superintendent testified that the elevator in question was used when the other was out of order. Defendant claimed th»t the accident occurred by plaintiff deliberately placing his elbow outside of the window, while plaintiff claimed that he unconsciously allowed it to do so while adjusting his suspender, which was out of order. Held, that the questions of negligence and contributory negligence should have been submitted to the jury, and that a dismissal was improper.
    (Daniels, J., dissents.)
    Appeal from judgment entered upon dismissal of complaint.
    
      T. E. Rochfort, for app’lt ; O. E. Bright, for resp’t.
   Van Brunt, P. J.

This action was brought to recover damages for personal injuries alleged to have been caused by the negligence of the defendant. The defendant was the owner of certain premises in Broadway, upon which, in April, 1882, a building was in course of construction and unfinished. There were four elevators which were completed as to their running gear and machinery and the cars finished in their general structure, but certain iron gratings were not yet placed in the panels. About, the middle of April the defendant caused one of these elevators, called Ho. 4, to be finished for the purpose of a freight elevator. It was used down to the morning of April 23d, when it was stopped for an hour or more for repairs.

No. 3 elevator, which was like the freight elevator, except that it had no slats, was used during these repairs. In the neighborhood of ten o’clock in the morning the plaintiff, who was working for a contractor in the building, placed a barrel in the car on the ninth floor and descended with it to the basement. He took out the barrel, and shortly after entered the car with another barrel. He placed himself in the right-hand corner, close to the corner, and in some manner his elbow projected through one of these panels when the car started, and it was caught between the elevator and the iron floor and the bones of his arm crushed.

It was claimed, upon the part of the defendants, that the son of • the defendant gave instructions that these elevators should not be used by the workmen in the building, and it was also claimed that the son had no knowledge at all of the use of this elevator.

It appeared from the testimony of one Hamilton, who was the superintendent of the building, that No. 3, the elevator in which the accident happened, was used when No. 4, the freight elevator, was out of order. At first he stated that he did not remember that No. 3 had been used but once before. He then corrected his testimony, and said that it had not been used pretty frequently. He would not say it had been used but once, but that it had been used very little; and by very little he meant it might have been used. two or three times when the other was being fixed.

Upon this state of facts the court dismissed the complaint, upon the ground that the elevator in which the plaintiff was hurt was not shown to have been used with the knowledge and consent of the defendant, and that the plaintiff had not shown that he was not guilty of negligence.

In respect to the first proposition it seems to us that the learned justice overlooked the evidence, both of the son of the defendant, and, also, of the superintendent of the building. It is expressly stated by the superintendent that No. 3 was used when No 4 was being repaired, and it is evident, from the fact that No. 3 had been prepared for use by the placing in of the temporary floor to prevent injury to its polished floor, that it was the intention that it should be so used. This superintendent was in charge of the building and gave directions in respect thereto, and he certainly knew of the use of the elevator in question. It is true that the son of defendant testified to giving directions that the elevator should not be used by the workmen, but it is not stated, and there is no evidence that he ever notified any of the workmen of that fact. The elevators were arranged for the purpose of carrying freight to the top of the building, and the jury had a right to infer that their use for such purpose was known to the agents and representatives of the defendant.

The question of the contributory negligence of the plaintiff is one'of 'greater difficulty. It is claimed upon the part of the defendant that the way in which the accident happened was that the plaintiff placed his elbow outside of the window deliberately and thereby became injured. If this was the fact the ruling of the learned justice might very well be sustained. But it is claimed upon the part of the plaintiff that such was not the fact, but that the accident arose from, his accidentally and unconscionsly allowing his elbow to go through the opening, in the adjustment of a, suspender which had become out of order.

It is claimed upon the part of the defendant that this story cannot be true, and that from the nature of the wound it could not possibly have happened in this way. In the face of the positive affirmation of the plaintiff this probably was a question for the jury to determine, and the argument now advanced might well be addressed to them for the purpose of discrediting the story of the plaintiff, but would not justify the court in taking the consideration of the question from the jury.

The claim of the defendant that no duty was due to the plaintiff, and that he was simply a trespasser, does not seem to be borne out by the evidence. He was the employe of a contractor who was working upon the building, and may be said therefore to have come to the building on the invitation of the defendant; and there is no proof except what may be inferred, which inference can only be drawn by the jury, from the plaintiff’s knowledge of the building that he knew of the incomplete condition of this elevator in respect to its panels. There is no evidence that he knew anything of the alleged prohibition of the employes from riding in the elevator, and it was but natural that he should use the same for the purpose of conveying up and down the heavy material, a duty with which he was charged by his employers.

Upon the whole case, therefore, we think that the questions both of the negligence of the. defendant and of the plaintiff were questions for the jury to determine, as there was a dispute in regard to some material points of the testimony and different inferences may be drawn as one version or another of the testimony is taken as true.

The judgment should be reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event.

Brady, J., concurs.

Daniels, J. (dissenting).

I think the injury was produced in part by the carelessness of the plaintiff in placing his elbow outside of the elevator. That was his own act, even if it was for the adjustment of his suspender. In making the adjustment reasonable care, which he was bound to observe, required that he should keep his arm inside the elevator. His failure to do that was the fault of himself without which the accident could not have occurred, and for that the defendant should not be held responsible.. The judgment should on that account be affirmed.  