
    William R. Morgan, Appellant, v. Hiram Wood, Respondent.
    (Supreme Court, Appellate Term,
    October, 1898.)
    Witness -r- Hostility.
    The hostility of an adverse witness' may be proven by his cross-examination, or witnesses may be called who are able to swear to facts showing the hostility.
    Aepeal by the plaintiff from a judgment of the Municipal Court of the city of New York, borough of Manhattan, eleventh district, in favor of the defendant, rendered upon a trial had before the court, without a jury.
    The nature of the action and the material facts are stated in the opinion.
    Theodore T. Baylor, for appellant.
    Denis O’Sullivan, for respondent.
   Giegerich, J.

This action was brought to recover $300, the amount of a certain check issued by one Jacob D. From, upon the Gansevoort Bank in the city of New York, payable to the order of the plaintiff, who, with his indorsement thereon, delivered the check to the defendant’s bookkeeper, for the purpose of having the same cashed. The latter indorsed the check and deposited it to the defendant’s credit in the aforementioned bank where the defendant also kept an account. The defendant’s bookkeeper subsequently withdrew said moneys and delivered the same-to the defendant. The latter admitted the receipt of said sum, but claimed payment through his bookkeeper. The plaintiff denied having. received any part of the amount called for by «the check, but the trial justice seems to have credited the defendant and his witnesses on this point, and that being the case, there was sufficient evidence to support the judgment which was rendered. Under such circumstances it is well established that this court will not disturb the conclusions of the trial justice upon questions of fact-.

Several exceptions were taken to the ruling of the justice upon questions of evidence. One related to the exclusion of a conversation had by the witness James Appelgate with the defendant’s bookkeeper; but as the testimony so excluded was subsequently admitted, the error, if any, was obviated.

. The defendant, against the plaintiff’s objection and exception, testified to threats of revenge made by the latter against him. This testimony was clearly admissible under the well-established rule that the hostility of a witness towards a party, against whom he is called, may be proven by any competent evidence. It may be shown by cross-examination of the witness, or witnesses may be called who can swear to facts.showing it. People v. Brooks, 131 N. Y. 325; Garnsey v. Rhodes, 138 id. 461; People v. Webster, 139 id. 73.

It is unnecessary to notice the other exceptions in the cáse, .as we are of thé opinion that they do not present any ground for a.' reversal.

The judgment should, therefore, be affirmed, with costs.

Beekman, P. J., and Gildersleeve, J., concur.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.  