
    Dollfus and others vs. Frosch.
    Where a party fails in a motion because of some formal defect or insufficiency in his papers, he should ask leave to renew the application, or that it be denied without prejudice to another motion ; and if the request be granted, the fact should he stated in the rule. Per Bronson, J.
    A motion once denied cannot he renewed unless leave be first obtained from the court either at the time of the denial or afterwards.
    A motion for a commission to examine witnesses, though denied because of a formal defect in the papers, is no exception to the above rule.
    Where a motion for a commission was denied by the court on the ground of the . insufficiency of the affidavit, and an order was afterwards granted by a circuit judge allowing the commission, without any previous application having been made to the court for leave to renew ; held irregular, but under the special circumstances the commission was allowed to stand on payment of costs.
    The doctrine of res adjudicate does not strictly apply to motions in the course of practice, they being addressed to the discretionary power of the court. See note (a.)
    
    
      D. D. Field, for the defendant,
    moved to vacate an order of the circuit judge, made on the application of the plaintiffs, granting a commission for the examination of witnesses in France. The papers on which he moved showed that a motion for a commission had been made by the plaintiffs and denied by this court before the application to the circuit judge.
    
      
      J. Edwards, contra.
    The motion in this court was denied on the sole ground that the plaintiffs’ affidavit was insufficient in point of form, and that fact was proved before the circuit judge.
   By the Court, Bronson, J.

A motion cannot be renewed without first obtaining leave of the court. (Mitchell v. Allen, 12 Wend. 290). And this rule applies to motions for a commission, as well as in other cases. (Allen v. Gibbs, 12 Wend. 202.) In that case a commission was denied by this court on the ground that a previous application had been refused by the circuit judge. If a motion cannot be renewed here after it has been passed upon by a commissioner, clearly the commissioner should not act after we have decided the question.

The fact that the papers were insufficient on the first application does not alter the case. Where a party fails in a motion on the ground of some formal defect or insufficiency in his papers, he should ask leave to renew the motion, or that it be denied without prejudice to another motion; and if the request is granted, the fact should be stated in the rule. Here the motion was denied generally, and it was therefore necessary to obtain leave to renew it before the party could have a commission. And the leave to renew could only be granted by the court.

. But, under the special circumstances disclosed in the affidavits, the commission may stand on payment of costs.

Ordered accordingly. 
      
      
         The doctrine of res adjudicata does not strictly apply to these motions in the course of practice, they being addressed to the discretionary power of the court. Hence the court may allow a motion to be renewed, provided that, in the circumstances of the opposition, there be any thing to excite suspicion of unfairness, or a belief that the party moving is taken by surprise, (Per Sutherland, J. in Mitchell v. Allen, 12 Wend. 290,) or if the motion be denied because of some defect in the moving papers, arising from ignorance of the practice. (See Dollfus v. Frosch, in the text.) So the party may obtain leave to renew, on falsifying the affidavit used in opposition, or showing that the facts stated in it are explainable so as not to amount to a denial of the grounds of the motion. (Per Nelson, J. in Standard v. Williams, 10 Wend. 599, 600.) A motion will sometimes be opened on the question being changed by new materials discovered or arising afterwards. (Per Cowen, J. in The People v. Mercein, 3 Hill, 416; Simpson v. Hart, 14 Johns. Rep. 63.) But if the facts remain essentially the same at the time of the application to renew, that they were when the former motion was denied, the court will rarely allow the matter to be re.heard on the merits. (Greatheard v. Bromley, 7 T. R. 455; Schuman v. Weatherhead, 1 East, 537; Allen v. Gibbs, 12 Wend. 202.)
     