
    BOARD OF MANAGERS OF THE JAMES WALKER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL OF THE CITY OF WILMINGTON, N. C., v. THE CITY OF WILMINGTON and NEW HANOVER COUNTY.
    (Filed 21 May, 1952.)
    1. Mandamus § 1—
    
      Mandamus is a writ issuing from a court of competent .-jurisdiction commanding an inferior tribunal, board, corporation, or person to perform a purely ministerial duty imposed by law. Tbe party seeking sucb writ must bave a clear legal right to demand it, and tbe party to be coerced must be under a present, clear, legal duty to perform tbe act.
    2. Injunctions § 1—
    A mandatory injunction to compel a board or public official to perform a duty imposed by law is identical in its function and purpose with that of a writ of mandamus and is governed by tbe rules applicable to mandamus.
    
    3. Mandamus § 1—
    
      Mandamtis is not a preventive remedy to be used as a restraining order to preserve the status quo, but is a coercive writ which is final in its nature.
    
      4. Same—
    In an action by an eleemosynary corporation against a municipality and a county to ascertain defendants’ statutory liabilities for contributions for indigent patients of tlie city and county treated at the hospital, it is error for tbe court to issue tbe mandatory writ of mandamus against defendants prior to tbe adjudication of tbe cause on its merits.
    Appeal by defendant, City of Wilmington, from Burney, J., December Term, 1951, of New Hanover.
    This is a civil action instituted on 3 November, 1951, for tbe purpose of obtaining a declaratory judgment setting out tbe rights of tbe plaintiff to financial aid from tbe defendants, and particularly for tbe care of tbe indigent poor and afflicted persons wbo are sent to tbe James Walker Memorial Hospital from tbe City of Wilmington and New Hanover County.
    Tbe complaint sets out various resolutions adopted by tbe Board of Aldermen of tbe City of Wilmington as well as various acts passed by tbe General Assembly oí North Carolina, authorizing tbe City of Wilmington and New Hanover County to maintain tbe hospital.
    Tbe James Walker Memorial Hospital of tbe City of Wilmington was incorporated by Chapter 12 of tbe Private Laws of 1901. Tbe act provided that tbe institution should be operated by a Board of Managers consisting of nine members: three of them to be elected by tbe Board of Commissioners of New Hanover County, two by the Board of Aldermen of tbe City of Wilmington, and four members were to be selected by Mr. James Walker, wbo built tbe hospital on tbe property of tbe City of Wilmington and tbe County of New Hanover. Provisions were made in tbe act for tbe board to be self-perpetuating. Tbe act also provided, “That for tbe purpose of providing tbe proper means for sustaining tbe said hospital, and for tbe maintenance and medical care of all such sick and infirm poor persons as may from time to time be placed therein by tbe authority of tbe said Board of Managers, tbe Board of Commissioners of New Hanover County shall annually provide and set apart tbe sum of four thousand eight hundred dollars, and tbe Board of Aldermen of tbe city of Wilmington shall annually provide and set apart tbe sum of three thousand two hundred dollars, which said funds shall be placed in tbe bands of tbe said Board of Managers, to be paid out and disbursed, under their direction, according to such rules, regulations and orders as they may from time to time adopt.” Tbe City of Wilmington and tbe County of New Hanover conveyed tbe hospital property to tbe above corporation by deed dated 19 July, 1901.
    According to tbe plaintiff’s pleadings, tbe City of Wilmington and tbe County of New Hanover made contributions annually for tbe support and maintenance of tbe James Walker Memorial Hospital until 1 July, 1951, pursuant to tbe provisions of the above act or the following acts: Private Laws of 1907, Chapter 38; Public-Local Laws of 1915, Chapter 66; Public-Local Laws of 1937, Chapter 8; and Public-Local Laws of 1939, Chapter 470.
    Since 1 July, 1951, the City of Wilmington has failed and refused to make any contribution to the support and maintenance of the hospital, or for the treatment of the indigent sick and afflicted poor of the City of Wilmington and the County of New Hanover who have been certified to the hospital for treatment by the New Hanover County Welfare Department.
    The rights of the respective parties involve the provisions of certain 1951 legislation. Section 1 of the 1951 Session Laws, Chapter 906, in pertinent part, reads as follows: “That the City of Wilmington and the County of New Hanover be and they hereby are authorized and directed to enter into a contract with the James Walker Memorial Hospital, making proper and adequate provision for the hospitalization, medical attention, and care of the indigent sick and afflicted poor of said city and county, respectively, said contract to be effective as of the first day of July, 1951, and from and after said first day of July, 1951, the City of Wilmington and the County of New Hanover, and each of them, is hereby authorized, directed and fully empowered to appropriate to the said James Walker Memorial Hospital for such purpose the sum of three and 75/100 ($3.75) dollars per day per patient for each day of care rendered to indigent in-patients hospitalized in said hospital, (the total combined appropriation being $7.50 per day per patient), and the sum of one ($1.00) dollar per visit per patient for each out-patient given professional care, drugs, bandages, dressings, and other medical care, (the total combined appropriation being $2.00 per visit per patient), when such inpatients and such out-patients have been certified to said hospital by the New Hanover County Welfare Department as being indigents; payment of the aforesaid appropriations shall not exceed the sum of forty thousand ($40,000) dollars each from the said city and said county during any one twelve months’ period; . . .” Section 2 of the act purports to empower and direct the Board of Commissioners of New Hanover County and the Council of the City of Wilmington to levy and collect any additional taxes that may be necessary in order to meet the above appropriations.
    A copy of the summons and complaint were served on the respective defendants on 5 November, 1951. Thereafter, on 15 November, 1951, the plaintiff filed an amended complaint setting out certain amounts it alleged to be due from the City of Wilmington for the months of July, August, September, and October, 1951, which said city had refused to pay, said sums being one-half of the cost of treatment for the indigent from the City of Wilmington and New Hanover County for tbe months indicated, and prayed the court for a writ of mandamus requiring the defendant, City of Wilmington, to pay one-half of the maintenance and upkeep of the plaintiff hospital and of the indigent poor admitted thereto from the City of Wilmington and New Hanover County.
    The plaintiff, on 21 November, 1951, gave notice to the defendants that it would move the court, on Tuesday, 4 December, 1951, in the Superior Court of New Hanover County, or as soon thereafter as plaintiff might be heard, for a mandamus requiring the City of Wilmington to make the contributions as prayed for.
    Prior to the hearing of the motion for mandamus, or mandatory injunction, on 12 December, 1951, and before the expiration of time to answer, the defendant, City of Wilmington, filed its motion to strike portions of the original complaint as set forth in the motion to strike and at the same time filed its motion to strike portions of the amended complaint, said motions being on file at the time of the hearing on plaintiff’s motion for mandamus, or mandatory injunction, and at the time of the entry of judgment appearing in the record.
    The court below, upon motion of plaintiff for mandamus, or a mandatory injunction, found certain facts and concluded “that the plaintiff is a Trustee to operate said hospital for the defendants, City of Wilmington and New Hanover County, and that it is their duty and obligation to pay to the plaintiff for the treatment of the indigent poor admitted therein from the County of New Hanover and the City of Wilmington”; and entered the following judgment: “It is, thereupon on motion of counsel for plaintiff, ordered, considered and adjudged, that the defendant, City of Wilmington, its officers, (and) agents are hereby enjoined, directed and commanded forthwith to contribute and pay to the plaintiff monthly one-half of the cost of treating the indigent poor admitted to the said hospital from the City of Wilmington and the County of New Hanover, and treated therein.”
    The defendant, City of Wilmington, appeals from the above judgment and assigns error.
    
      Isaac C. Wright for plaintiff, appellee.
    
    
      William B. Campbell for defendant, appellant.
    
   DeNny, J.

Mandamus is a writ issuing from a court of competent jurisdiction commanding an inferior tribunal, board, corporation, or person to perform a purely ministerial duty imposed by law. The party seeking such writ must have a clear legal right to demand it, and the tribunal, board, corporation, or person must be under a present, clear, legal duty to perform the act sought to be enforced. Hospital v. Joint Committee, 234 N.C. 673, 68 S.E. 2d 862; Poole v. Bd. of Examiners, 221 N.C. 199, 19 S.E. 2d 635; Harris v. Bd. of Education, 216 N.C. 147, 4 S.E. 2d 328; Mears v. Bd. of Education, 214 N.C. 89, 197 S.E. 752; John v. Allen, 207 N.C. 520, 177 S.E. 634; Rollins v. Rogers, 204 N.C. 308, 168 S.E. 206; 55 C.J.S., Mandamus, section 125, page 213.

A mandatory injunction, wben issued to compel a board or public official to perform a duty imposed by law, is identical in its function and purpose with that of a writ of mandamus. And a writ of mandamus is final in its nature. As pointed out by Johnson, J., in Hospital v. Joint Committee, supra, an interim or temporary writ of mandamus is unknown' to the law. Mandamus is not a preventive remedy to be used as a restraining order to preserve the status quo, but it is essentially a coercive writ; one that commands performance, not desistance. 34 Am. Jur., Mandamus, section 2, page 809. Such writ will not be issued to enforce an alleged right which is in question. Harris v. Bd. of Education, supra; Hayes v. Benton, 193 N.C. 379, 137 S.E. 169. Mandamus lies only to enforce a clear legal right and will be issued only where there is no other legal remedy. Harris v. Bd. of Education, supra; Cody v. Barrett, 200 N.C. 43, 156 S.E. 146; Umstead v. Bd. of Elections, 192 N.C. 139, 134 S.E. 409. “The function of the writ is to compel the performance of a ministerial duty — not to establish a legal right, but to enforce one which has been established.” Wilkinson v. Bd. of Education, 199 N.C. 669, 155 S.E. 562.

This action was instituted for the purpose of ascertaining the rights of the respective parties .under the various legislative enactments referred to and made a part of the plaintiff’s complaint. In the meantime, before the City of Wilmington’s motion to strike certain portions of the complaint was heard, without an answer being filed by either of the defendants, or a demurrer interposed, the court, on motion of the plaintiff, issued a writ of mandamus to compel the City of Wilmington to make the very contributions the plaintiff seeks to ascertain, in this action, whether it has the legal right to compel the City of Wilmington to make. Furthermore, this writ may not be treated as a temporary injunction to preserve the status quo until the further order of the court as was done in the case of Hospital v. Joint Committee, supra. There, a writ denominated an “interim writ of mandamus” was applied for and obtained to prevent the removal of Hamlet Hospital & Training School for Nurses from the accredited list of such institutions until the further order of the court. We treated the writ, and properly so, as a temporary restraining order, but here affirmative action is ordered and directed before the pleadings have been filed, the issues joined and the clear legal right to a mandamus has been established. The writ was prematurely issued.

The question to be adjudicated in this action is of vital importance to the future maintenance and welfare of one of the .State’s finest eleemosynary institutions. Tbe City of Wilmington and the County of New Hanover, prior to 1 July, 1951, have not only contributed annually for fifty years to the maintenance of this institution, but they have also contributed substantial sums of money for its enlargement. A final decision in this action should not be delayed by legal sparring. It ought to be a simple matter to agree upon the facts and obtain a prompt ruling thereon. The outstanding services rendered by this institution to the citizens of the City of Wilmington and the County of New Hanover, for more than half a century, merit the prompt and effective co-operation to this end by all parties concerned.

The judgment below will be set aside and the cause remanded to the end that the rights of the parties may be determined after the issues have been joined, or the defendants have failed to answer or otherwise pleaded. In any event, a writ of mandamus should not be issued against the defendants, or either of them, until the cause is finally adjudicated on its merits.

Error and remanded.  