
    John S. Budd, Plaintiff, v. The Howard Thomas Company, Defendant.
    (Supreme Court, Schuyler Special Term,
    February, 1903.)
    Pleading — Demurrer to complaint for insufficiency — Principal bound by agent’s acts.
    Upon a demurrer to a complaint upon the ground that "it does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, the question is not whether it contains redundant or irrelevant matter but whether it contains averments which go to make up a complete cause of action.
    A demurrer admits the truth of all the facts stated in the complaint.
    Every intendment and inference which can be derived from the complaint must be used to sustain it.
    Where the principal accepts the fruits of his agent’s contract he is bound by all the instrumentalities through which the benefit was obtained.
    Demubbeb to complaint.
    Frank W. Fiero, for plaintiff.
    J. W. Barrett, for defendant.
   Forbes, J.

This is an. action to recover for services rendered and performed and for money advanced by the plaintiff for the defendant in the purchase and shipment of six carloads of plums. The defendant is a domestic corporation, duly incorporated under the laws of the State of Hew York, located and doing business as “packers of canned fruits and vegetables,” at Fairport, N. Y.

In the month of August, 1901, the defendant, by its agent, one Foley, entered into an agreement with the plaintiff for the purchase of several carloads of plums, to be bought and shipped by the plaintiff, in the vicinity of Hector, Schuyler county, N. Y. Foley was to assist in the loading of said fruit in the cars at Burdette and Hector stations on the Lehigh Valley railroad. In consideration of such services, to be performed by the plaintiff, he was to receive, and the defendant was to pay said plaintiff for his services a commission of one-fourth of one cent a pound for all plums so purchased and loaded upon the cars at said stations. By the terms of said agreement and under the same the plaintiff did purchase and load, with the assistance of said agent, six carloads of plums, and the same were delivered at said stations in the town of Hector, between the 31st day of August and the 7th day of September, 1901, inclusive. Said cars contained in all 153,396 pounds of plums. The defendant .thereafter received^ from and accepted the same of the plaintiff. The defendant ad- ' vanced to the plaintiff, at various .times, sums of money to the amount of $2,70'0, with which to pay for said plums, so purchased and towards his commissions thereon under said agreement. On , or about the 31st day of August, 1901, the railroad company refused to bill and forward said plums to the defendant, unless the freight and other minor expenses thereon were prepaid. The defendant’s agent, Foley, then and there authorized and di- • rected the plaintiff to advance the money with which to pay said freight bills and other expenses, for the purpose of preserving and forwarding said plums to the defendant. The plaintiff thereupon did prepay said freight and the other expenses, upon said shipment, in the sum of $300.85 over and above the amount of money then in the plaintiff’s hands. The purchase price of said plums, the freight bills and other expenses, paid by the plaintiff, together with the plaintiff’s commissions on said purchase, amounts to the sum of $3,000.85, as the same was computed and adjusted by the plaintiff and said Foley as the agent of said '"defendant. This computation was made and the balance was fixed and agreed upon by the plaintiff and the defendant’s agent xon the Yth day of September, lb 01. This computation, so made, left a balance due and owing to the plaintiff from the defendant of $300.85. This amount was adopted by the defendant, through its agent, and he then and there agreed that the defendant should pay the plaintiff the sum of $300.85, as the same was found due from the defendant to the plaintiff. These facts are shown by the complaint and are admitted to be true. The plaintiff then demands judgment against the defendant for the balance so computed and found to be due, with interest thereon from the Yth day of September, 1901, beside the costs of this action.

This action was commenced on or about the 11th day of August, 1902, by the service of the summons and complaint on the defendant corporation. On or about the 18th day of September, 1902, the defendant, by its attorney herein, demurred to said complaint, and avers, as the only ground, that it appears upon the face of said complaint that it does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action.

Section 488 of the Code of Civil Procedure, subdivision 8, provides : “ The defendant may demur to the complaint, where the complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action.” Section 490 permits this subdivision to be stated in the demurrer, in the language of the subdivision, without particularly pointing out the specific grounds of demurrer.

Many decisions can be cited showing that the complaint is sufficient where the facts alleged therein are stated in a plain and concise manner and a demand for judgment thereon is contained in the complaint. The demurrer to the complaint is an admission that all the facts therein stated are true. Code Civ. Pro., § 481; Williams v. Conners, 53 App. Div. 601.

If any cause of action is set forth in the complaint the demurrer must be overruled. Every conclusion, inference and intendment in the complaint must be used to maintain the integrity of the complaint and the cause of action therein contained.

In a demurrer, on the ground of the insufficiency of the complaint, the question is not whether the pleading contains redundant or irrelevant matter, but whether the. complaint contains averments which go to make up a complete cause of action. The pleadings are not to be interpreted strictly against the pleader, but allegations which indicate the nature of plaintiff’s claim are sufficient if under them the plaintiff would be entitled to give the evidence necessary to establish his cause of action. Waite v. Aborn, 60 App. Div. 524.

Every intendment and every inference which can be drawn or implied from the complaint must be used to sustain the pleading. Marie v. Garrison, 83 N. Y. 23; Milliken v. Western Union Tel. Co., 110 id. 403; Sanders v. Soutter, 126 id. 193; Johnson v. Golder, 132 id. 116; Kain v. Larkin, 141 id. 144; Sage v. Culver, 147 id. 241; Coatsworth v. Lehigh Valley R. Co., 156 id. 451; Abbey v. Wheeler, 170 id. 127; Roberson v. Rochester F. B. Co., 171 id. 553. The last two cases cited hold: The facts contained within these allegations must be regarded as admitted, under the defendant’s demurrer, as must all other facts which can be implied by reasonable and fair intendment. If thp - facts alleged in the complaint justify a recovery, either at law or in equity, it cannot be held that the demurrer is well taken, although the pleading may be open to correction by motion or otherwise. It may be that in this case the facts are not stated in the complaint with that precision and in the logical order which is said to be requisite, or desirable in good pleading. But where there are facts enough alleged to entitle the plaintiff to a hearing in a court of justice, the pleading will be held to state all the facts that can be implied from its allegations, by reasonable and fair intendment, and the facts so pleaded are traversable in the same manner as though directly and explicity stated.” The same doctrine is held in Williams v. Conners, 53 App. Div. 601; Fogarty v. Wanamaker, 60 id. 434.

I think the learned counsel for the defendant does not give full credit to all of the allegations of the complaint. First, the incorporation of the company is admitted. From its business and location, it is clearly shown that it is a domestic corporation, doing business within the State of Hew York. The contract was made with the defendant’s agent in the month of August, 1901. The kind of work to be done and the manner in which it was to be performed is fully set forth in the complaint. The price to be paid, by the defendant to the plaintiff, for the work done, is made definite. The contract to advance money to pay freights and expenses is pleaded. The advance and payments made by the plaintiff hy and upon the authority of the defendant’s agent are shown. The purchase of the plums; the delivery upon the cars and the payment by the plaintiff therefor out of the money furnished by the defendant for that purpose are alleged. The shipment of the goods by the plaintiff and their receipt and acceptance by the defendant are alleged in the complaint. The amount and value of the goods purchased, shipped, received and accepted are fully alleged. The amount paid out by the plaintiff and expended for the defendant is clearly alleged. The examination of the amounts paid out and expended, and the amounts due for commissions to the plaintiff from the defendant for the work done are alleged and admitted, and that the amount, so stated, left a balance due and unpaid for commissions, services and money advanced is alleged. That the sum of $300.85 was due and owing to the plaintiff from the defendant after the goods had been accepted by it on the 7th day of September, 1901, is pleaded; then judgment is demanded for that amount, with interest from the 7th day of September, 1901, beside the costs of this action.

The complaint then, taken as a whole, shows first the agreement and the several sums to be disbursed under that agreement. That the plaintiff entered upon the service and fully performed the services under that agreement. That when so fully performed, the amount due him for money advanced and commissions unpaid was computed, agreed upon as due and owing from the defendant to the plaintiff, and a promise was made to pay that balance.

The defendant’s attorney clearly overlooks the fact that by his demurrer he has admitted that Foley was the defendant’s agent, that he was present during the time the contract was being performed, .that Re asked for the advancement of the funds, as the agent of the defendant and for the defendant. That the shipments were made upon and in the performance of ."this service; that the money was advanced to pay freight; that the goods were received and accepted by the defendant, thus fully ratifying the contract of the agent with the plaintiff, under the agreement that there was due and owing to the plaintiff from the defendant the balance claimed in the complaint.

It is a principle of láw that where one party deals with the agent of another party, and the principal adopts and accepts the fruits of the contract so made, he is bound by all of the instrumentalities by and through which the benefit is obtained. Bennett v. Judson, 21 N. Y. 238; Rumsey v. Briggs, 139 id. 331. I do not think the case at bar falls within the case of Tracy v. Tracy, 59 Hun, 1.

The complaint when carefully scanned is good within Lent v. N. Y. & M. R. Co., 130 N. Y. 504. The question in the last-cited case turned upon the preliminary entering of the order. That fact was not pleaded and nothing became due or payable in that case until the entry of the order upon the award.

In the case at bar the complaint shows affirmatively that the amount was due and owing to the plaintiff. The Rogers Case, 166 N. Y. 381, is not in point.

This is an action for work, labor and services done and performed, to be paid for by certain commissions; and for money advanced, paid out and expended to and for the use of the defendant, at his request. The law implies that services sought are to be paid for, and that the money so advanced and expended, upon a request for the defendant’s benefit, was to be repaid to the plaintiff.

The complaint as a whole clearly shows a good cause of action.

The demurrer must be overruled, with costs, with leave to the defendant to answer within twenty days after the entry and service of the interlocutory judgment.

Demurrer overruled, with costs, with leave to defendant to answer within twenty days after entry and service of interlocutory judgment.  