
    The People of the State of New York ex rel. Edward J. McKeever and Stephen W. McKeever, Appellants, v. Theodore B. Willis, as Commissioner of City Works of the City of Brooklyn, Respondent.
    
      Brooklyn—bids for street cleaning — right of the commissioner to reject all bids.
    
    Under chapter 583 of the Laws of 1888, as amended by chapter 314 of 1894, providing that the commissioner of city works of -Brooklyn shall receive bids and “select the lowest bid, provided adequate security be tendered,” for cleaning the city streets, “ or if, in his judgment, the acceptance of either proposal would not be in the interest of the city, then he shall reject them all,” the commissioner is bound to award the contract for such work to the lowest responsible bidder, if he awards it' at all, but is at liberty to reject all bids when in good faith such a course seems to him to be demanded by the best interests of the city. The right to reject the bids is not conditional upon the fact that neither the lowest nor the next lowest bidder has furnished adequate security.
    The word “ either” in the last clause is used in the sense of “ any.”
    Appeal by the relators, Edward J. McKeever and another, from an order of the Supreme Court, made at the Kings County Special Term, and entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Kings on the 21st day of April, 1896, denying.their application for a peremptory writ of mandamus directing the commissioner of city works of the city of Brooklyn to award to them the contract for cleaning the streets, etc.
    
      Almet F. Jenks and Jerry A. Wernberg, for the appellants.
    
      Joseph A. Burr, Corporation Counsel, for the respondent.
   Willard Bartlett, J. :

On February 25, 1896, the respondent, as commissioner' of city works, advertised for proposals for cleaning the streets in the city of Brooklyn and removing the dirt and ashes therefrom, from April 1, 1896, to A}!!’!! 1, 1899. The relators were the lowest bidders. The notice required bidders to give security in the sum of $100,000, but no question was made as to the adequacy of the security offered by the relators. ' The commissioner of city works, however, rejected their bid and all the rest, ten in number, on the ground that the best interests of the public demanded their rejection, and more particularly because he became convinced that he had not required security enough to protect the city against loss in the event of a failure to perform the contract, and because further examination satisfied him that the proposals should contain statements as to the places where the respective bidders intended to deposit ashes and the sweepings from the streets.

The contention of the relators is that the commissioner had no right thus to reject all the bids,, but was bound to award the contract to them as the lowest bidders offering-adequate security.

The correctness of this view depends upon the proper construction of the following provision in section 47 of title 15 of the charter of the city of Brooklyn:

“ From the proposals so received, the said commissioner shall select the lowest bid, provided adequate security be tendered and given for the efficient and proper performance of the' contract, and if adequate security shall not be tendered and given, as aforesaid, then said commissioner shall select the bid of the lowest bidder who tenders and gives adequate security for the performance of the contract ; or if, in his judgment, the acceptance of either proposal would not be in the interest of the city, then he shall reject them all.” (Laws of 1894, chap. 314.)

This provision was put into its present form in 1894. Before that time the charter expressly permitted the commissioner of city works to reject any or all bids for street cleaning.

According to the learned counsel for the relators, the effect of the amendment of 1894 was to empower the commissioner to reject all the bids only after he had determined, with reference to the lowest bidder and the next lowest bidder, that neither had furnished adequate security for the efficient and proper performance of the contract. He made no such determination in the present case, but simply rejected all the bids for the reason already stated. The corporation counsel, on the other hand, while conceding that the Legislature of 1894 did intend to limit the discretion of the commissioner by compelling him to ' award the contract to the lowest responsible bidder if he awarded it at all, nevertheless insists that the amended section leaves the commissioner still at liberty to reject all the bids, when in good faith such a course seems to him to be demanded by the best interests of the city. We think this is the true construction of the charter provision under consideration. It requires the commissioner, if he accepts any proposal, to accept that of the lowest bidder offering sufficient security ; but if the acceptance of no one of the bids, however low or however adequate the security, seems compatible with the public interests, in the exercise of an honest judgment, then the rejection of all is made obligatory. The word either in the last clause of the provision is evidently used in the sense of cmy.

The order appealed from must be affirmed.

All concurred.

Order affirmed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements.  