
    The People of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Aaron Hilfman, Appellant.
    
      Offenses against trade marks — effect of knowledge by the purchaser that labels on goods purchased by him were counterfeited—he does not thereby become an accomplice.
    
    Where a merchant sells goods bearing counterfeit labels, the fact that the purchaser knew at the time of the purchase and at the time he received the goods that the labels were counterfeits, and that he made the purchase for the purpose of obtaining evidence that the merchant was engaged in unlawful practices, does not preclude the merchant from being convicted of a violation of section 364 of the Penal Code relating to offenses against trade marks.
    In such a case the purchaser, who was not a public officer and who was acting in behalf of the person whose labels were being counterfeited, is not an accomplice of the merchant.
    Appeal by the defendant, Aaron Hilfman, from a judgment of the Court of Special Sessions of the city of New York, second division, borough of Brooklyn, in favor of the plaintiff, rendered on the 27th day of April, 1900, convicting him of a misdemeanor for a violation of section 364 of the Penal Code, and sentencing him to pay a tine of $500 or to stand committed to the Kings county jail for six months.
    
      Abraham Oberstevn, for the appellant.
    
      William Van Wyok, for the respondent.
   Sewell, J.:

The defendant is a wholesale and retail liquor dealer residing in Passaic, in the State of Few Jersey. John Bohringer, a saloon keeper residing in Brooklyn, F. Y., on January 4, 1900, wrote to the defendant asking him to call at his place of business in Brooklyn, as he wished to purchase some goods. He inclosed his card, which was returned- by one Friedlander, the agent of the defendant, to whom Bohringer gave an order for two cases of Martell Brandy, Three Star,” and certain other liquors. The agent stated that the price of the brandy was eleven dollars a dozen, and that they could sell it for that because it, was a counterfeit of the genuine. The brandy was delivered by an expressman, and each bottle bore the label of Martell & Co. Bohringer testified: I saw Mr. Hilfman myself on the 30th. He entered. Miller sat in the rear and I sat down with him. He said he was Mr. Hilfman, and that he came there to see about an order 1 had given him for this wine. He spoke of Mr. Friedlander, and I asked him why he didn’t call. He said Mr. Friedlander had not been to his place of business for a week or two. * * * I asked him the price of Martell, and he said he would give me the next Martell I ordered for ten dollars. He said he had a man working for him who used to work for James Hennessy, in Cognac, France. He said he had this man working for him, and that he could put up any kind of counterfeit of Mar-tell, &c.”

John F. Miller, a witness for the People, corroborated in most part, the testimony of Bohringer, and as to the argument that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence, it is only necessary to say that a careful consideration satisfies me that the question of fact was correctly disposed of so far as the defendant’s guilt is concerned.

The appellant also contends that because Bohringer knew at the time of the purchase and at the time that he received the goods that the Martell & Co. labels upon the bottles were counterfeit, the judgment of conviction cannot be sustained. Section 364 of the Penal Code reads as follows: “Offenses against trade-marks.'—-A person who knowingly, in a case where provision for the punishment for the offense is not otherwise specially made1 by statute * * * 3. Sells, or keeps or offers for sale, an article of merchandise to which is affixed a false or counterfeit trade-mark, or the genuine trade-mark, or .an imitation of the trade-mark of another, without the latter’s consent; * * * is guilty of a misdemeanor.” This section of the Code is a re-enactment of the law in respect to the violation of trade marks (Laws of 1862, chap. 306, as amd. by Laws of 1863,' chap. 209.)

The. case cited by the appellant, upon which he mainly relies (Low v. Hall, 47 N. Y. 104), was an action for a penalty, brought by the owner of a trade mark, under section 4 of chapter 306 of the Laws of 1862, as amended by section 2 of chapter 209 of the Laws of 1863. By this section the owner of any such goods was given a right of action for a penalty. The trial court held that the intent to defraud was not a necessary element, and so charged the jury. The Court of Appeals held this to be error; and after discussing some of the changes made in the Laws of 1862 and 1863, said: “ A party selling to a purchaser, having full knowledge of all the facts, for the purpose of resale by him, with intent to defraud the owner of the trade mark by such resale, being made upon the credit of the mark, may be liable for the penalty to the owner of the trade mark.”

The contention on the part of the defendant, that the Legislature intended by the enactment of this section to protect the public from the sale of counterfeit goods, when intending to purchase the genuine, is undoubtedly correct. But when he assumes that because the complainant knew that he was purchasing counterfeit goods, and purchasing them for resale to the public, so far as defendant knew or had a right to suppose from the occupation of the complainant, the statute was not violated, his position is not based upon sound principles of law or reason.

The complainant in this case was acting with one Miller, a special agent employed by the Martells. It is not claimed that either was a public officer, and that they were not accomplices in crime was held in People v. Noelke (29 Hun, 461). The court there said that it had “ become a necessity for the suppression of crime to resort to this mode of ascertaining whether a prohibited and criminal act may be committed.”

In the case at bar the jury had a right to find that the liquor was not purchased by Bohringer with a criminal intent, to wit, to resell to the public. It was bought for the purpose of proving the fact of sale by the defendant. The design of his writing to the defendant to call upon him, as he wished to purchase some liquor, was to obtain testimony that the defendant was engaged in an unlawful business. The complainant was not an accomplice. There was no criminal intent. (People v. Farrell, 30 Cal. 316; The President and Trustees of the Town of St. Charles v. O’Mailey, 18 Ill. 407.)

The utmost that can be said of the person so employed is that he is an informer, and leave to the jury the consideration of his evidence as such. The principle laid down in this case was recognized in People v. Molins (7 N. Y. Crim. Rep. 51). It there appears that the purchase was made by a detective acting on behalf of the owners of the trade mark, and that what was done in the case was done for the purpose of obtaining evidence on which to predicate the prosecution. It also appeared that the labels alleged tó be counterfeited were made at the instance of the agent of the owners of the-trade mark.. The court refused to charge that the person who made the purchase was an accomplice; and the same rule was followed by the Supreme Court of the United States in Grimm v. United States (156 U. S. 604), and Andrews v. United States (162 id. 420). The judgment of conviction should be affirmed.

All concurred.

Judgment of conviction, affirmed.  