
    Oswaldo Enrique TOBAR; et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Appellee.
    No. 16-55607
    United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
    Submitted October 2, 2017  Pasadena, California
    Filed October 06, 2017
    Walter L. Boyaki, Attorney, Miranda & Boyaki, El Paso, TX, for Plaintiffs-Appellants
    Vickey Lee Quinn, Trial Attorney, Robert Michael Underhill, Esquire, Attorney, DOJ—U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division/Torts Branch, San Francisco, CA, Matthew M. Collette, Attorney, Anne Murphy, Trial Attorney, DOJ—U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for Defendant-Appellee
    Before: KLEINFELD, GRABER, and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges.
    
      
      The panel unanimously concludes that this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
    
   MEMORANDUM

As detailed in our two earlier opinions, Tobar v. United States (Tobar I), 639 F.3d 1191, 1194 (9th Cir. 2011), and Tobar v. United States (Tobar II), 731 F.3d 938, 940-41 (9th Cir. 2013), Plaintiffs allege that, in 2005, the United States Coast Guard boarded the vessel F/V Jostin and towed it to Ecuador, causing damages to Plaintiffs, which they seek to recover. After the second remand, the district court presided over a bench trial and found in favor of the United States. Plaintiffs timely appeal again. We review the district court’s factual findings for clear error, Kirola v. City of San Francisco, 860 F.3d 1164, 1174 (9th Cir. 2017), its legal conclusions de novo, id,, and its discovery rulings for abuse of discretion, Goodman v. Staples The Office Superstore, LLC, 644 F.3d 817, 822 (9th Cir. 2011). We affirm.

1. The government waived sovereign immunity only if Plaintiffs could prove that neither the vessel nor its crew had been involved in “illicit actions.” Tobar II, 731 F.3d at 946 (quoting the 2005 agreement between the United States and Ecuador). Ample circumstantial evidence supported the district court’s conclusion that Plaintiffs failed to prove that the boat had not been involved in illicit actions, specifically the delivery of cocaine to another vessel. We therefore find no clear error. Because we uphold the district court’s finding as to “illicit actions,” we need not, and do not, reach the district court’s alternative finding of no “damages.”

2. The district court did not clearly err in finding that the 2005 agreement was the only one in effect in 2005. We independently conclude that, as a matter of law, the 2006 treaty went into effect only upon signature in 2006, as the document provides on its face. And the district court permissibly credited testimony that no other, undisclosed agreement existed in 2005.

3. The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Plaintiffs’ discovery requests. As to most of them, Plaintiffs filed the motions in violation of local rules or in violation of the court’s instructions. With respect to Plaintiffs’ effort to obtain further discovery about the 2006 treaty, as noted, it is not relevant to the case. We have carefully reviewed all of the district court’s discovery rulings, and we find no abuse of discretion.

AFFIRMED. 
      
       This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
     