
    Lewis S. Chase, App’lt, v. Marie L. Kellogg, Resp’t.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department,
    
    
      Filed February 11, 1891.)
    
    Contract—Fraud—Bona fide holder.
    Promises in writing to pay a certain sum monthly in consideration of services to be rendered, are simple contracts and not promissory notes, and the rules as to bona fide holders do not apply to them. If the signature was obtained by fraud, or a restriclion placed upon their delivery, or the signature was executed in contemplation of a future arrangement to be made in connection wilh defendant’s business, these are all defenses to the contracts into whosesoever hands they may come.
    Appeal from judgment entered in favor of the defendant upon the verdict of a jury, and from an order denying the plaintiff’s motion for a new trial.
    
      M B. Leavitt, for app’lt; E. 0. Perkins, for resp’t.
   Van Brunt, P. J.

This action is brought to recover upon two certain contracts for advertising in railroad guides alleged to have been made by the defendant. The answer denied the making of the contracts and also set up the fact that if signed they were so signed without knowledge of their contents, and that the defendant’s was obtained fraud.

Upon the trial of the case it was admitted that the contracts were signed by the defendant; and it was claimed upon the part of the plaintiff that one Dr. Groff being the agent of the defendant negotiated these contracts with the plaintiff and procured their signature by the defendant and delivered "them to the plaintiff.

The evidence upon the part of the defendant was that she was doing business in Eighty'-third street,' and Dr. Goff came to her and told her that she was selling an article for which he had a previous contract Some discussion about the rights of the parties took place, at which Dr. Goff said that the only way for them to do was to go into a mutual contract and for her to take part in the sale of this tea: that the defendant said she would speak to her business adviser and Dr. Goff could also speak to him. Thereafter it was agreed that Dr. Goff would from a certain date handle this particular brand of tea in his own manner for the benefit of both.

The evening before the contract with Dr. Goff was to go into effect, he came to the defendant’s office and after some conversation he produced the contracts in question, which he said he wotild like the defendant to sign. She referred Goff to her business adviser, and his reply was that he had approved of the way they were going to do business the next day, and he wished the defendant would sign the contracts. He further said, “ Will you sign these papers, Mr. Dimpfel (the business adviser) has approved of them and we will have all the rest settled after." Thereupon she signed the contracts but did not read the papers and did not. know what they were. The next morning when Dr. Goff came, Dimpfel and the defendant were there and Goff was told that they would have no business whatever with him. The witness thereupon asked Goff what the papers were that he had made her sign the night before; he replied, “Oh, never mind about them." The witness said, “ Give them back to me.” He said, “ All right, I will be back and give them to you.” And from that day to this she never saw Dr. Goff, and never heard of these papers until six months afterwards. It appears that Goff delivered them to the plaintiff, who swears that he kept the advertising space ready for the use of the defendant, but never gave any notice to the defendant that he was keeping them for her or asked her to send the advertisement which would be inserted. He testified that he called at the defendant’s office several weeks afterwards to see about it, but was told she was absent. He saw somebody there whom he thought was the bookkeeper, and he was then told that the defendant had rescinded the contracts, and after that he did not make any demand until the money was all due.

Upon this evidence the court submitted the question to the jury that if these contracts were obtained by Dr. Goff by fraud, the defendant was not liable; and also that if the jury believed that the contracts were obtained by Dr. Goff conditionally, and he delivered the contracts after that in fraud of her rights, she was entitled to a verdict; and also that if the defendant delivered them conditionally to Goff, and in violation of the restrictions placed upon them he delivered them to the plaintiff, then the verdict should be for the defendant. •

To these propositions the plaintiff excepted, which exceptions present the questions involved upon this appeal.

We think that the error into which the appellant has fallen in the consideration of this case is in treating these contracts as promissory notes, and that the appellant stands in the position of a bona fide holder of a piece of negotiable paper.

It is true that they read we promise to pay to the order of the plaintiff so many dollars per month. But that is followed by the statement of the consideration of an executory contract upon the part of the plaintiff; and it is clear that they have none of the qualities which attach themselves to ordinary commercial paper. These being simply contracts whereby the defendant agreed to pay to the plaintiff a certain sum monthly in consideration of services to be rendered, the relations of bona fide- holder by no means apply.

If the signature was obtained by fraud; if the contracts were delivered and a restriction placed upon their delivery; if their signature was in contemplation of a future arrangement to be made in connection with the business which the defendant was carrying on, all these, were defenses to the contract into whosesoever hands they might come. It appears from the evidence in this case that this man Goff was in no respect the agent of the defendant. It is true he represented himself so to be, but this by no means made him so. The parties were simply negotiating for a business arrangement which never was consummated, and Goff never had any right according to the evidence to bind the defendant by any transaction which he might enter into.

It is claimed that the defendant having placed it in his power to impose upon the plaintiff in respect to this contract, thereupon the loss should fall upon her. But it is to be observed that the plaintiff, although agreeing to furnish this space in advertising papers, and although receiving these contracts from a person who was a stranger to the contracts, never attempted for weeks to notify the principal, and then after he had been informed that these contracts had been rescinded, never took any steps whatever to communicate with the defendant. It would appear that he was pursuing the course of a man who desired to hold the defendant to a •contract without performing any services thereunder; and we do not see that he presents himself exactly in the position of one who has been greatly wronged or who has suffered great loss by reason’ of the fact that the contracts had been delivered to him. There is not a particle of evidence that he has done a thing upon the faith of the contract.

The judgment and order should be affirmed, with costs.

Brady and Daniels, JJ., concur.  