
    MASTER AND SERVANT — NEGLIGENCE.
    [Summit (8th) Circuit Court,
    April Term, 1904.]
    Hale, Marvin and McCarty, JJ.
    4.Judge McCarty, of tbe Fifth Circuit, sitting in place of Judge Winch, of tha Eighth Circuit.)
    Diamond Rubber Co. v. Addison H. McClurg.
    i. Master not Bound to Instruct Servant Against Unprecedented and Unforeseen Occurrences.
    ' The master is not guilty of negligence in failing to instruct his servant 'to avoid injuries that have never occurred before, and which the former never heard of or had any right to anticipate would happen. He is only bound to anticipate and guard the servant against those injuries that are likely to occur.
    3. Master not Liable for Injuries When Servant Purposely Violated Instructions.
    A servant who proceeds to operate machinery in direct violation of his master’s instructions, and with full knowledge of the danger attending such violation, cannot recover damages from the master for injuries which result solely by reason thereof; a fortiori when the danger was obvious and could easily have been avoided by the servant without instructions in reference thereto. ,
    Error to Summit common pleas court.
    E. K. Wilcox, for plaintiff in error.
    George M. Anderson, for defendant in error.
   McCARTY, J.

This cause comes into this court on petition in error to’reverse tbe judgment of tbe common pleas court in wbat is called a personal injury case. The action was tried below to a jury, a verdict in favor of tbe plaintiff was rendered, and motion for a new trial overruled and exceptions taken.

Plaintiff states bis cause of action in his petition as follows:

“Tbe defendant is a corporation incorporated under tbe laws of Ohio.
“On February 7, 1901, tbe defendant .owned and operated certain manufacturing shops for the purpose of making rubber, which shops are situated in Akron, said Summit county, and have ever since and still operate said shops.
“On February 17, 1901, the defendant employed plaintiff to work in said shops, and plaintiff pursuant to said employment, to wit, on February 7, 1901, commenced and continued to wbrk from said day up to February 21 of said year.
“That on February 7, the defendant through one of its foremen of said shops ordered plaintiff to work in that part of its said shops known as the mill room at a machine designated as a mixing mill for the purpose of mixing rubber, and making rubber.
“That there are twd large steel rollers on the mill placed side by-side about four feet from the floor, which rollers are about five feet in length, and about twelve or fifteen inches in diameter, and when said mill was in operation said rollers revolve together at a rapid rate of speed; in operating this mill it was necessary for workmen and this plaintiff to stand in front of said rollers and place the rubber on said rollers, so as to run it through until properly mixed into slabs; and when the edges of said slabs were uneven and ragged it was necessary, and the duty of the workmen and plaintiff, to place said slabs on said rollers so-that it would double said ragged edges back and- pass through so as to-even up said edges, which work was very hazardous and attended with great danger to the person operating said mill; and when said slab is placed upon said rollers as aforesaid it is liable in doubling, in the ordinary operation of said machine, to catch the hands of the person operating the same and draw them in between said rollers.
“That to operate said mill or machine so as to avoid said dangers and to protect the operator from injury, required great experience and skill as to the proper mode of operating the same, as well as a knowledge of the dangers that existed, and the injuries to the operator that might, and were liable to occur, all of which was unknown to the plaintiff, but defendant had full knowledge thereof, and well knew that the plaintiff' did not know, and could not learn and discover in time to protect himself from injury.
“That at the time herein mentioned the plaintiff was inexperienced in any kind of shop work, and had no knowledge or experience whatever in the opération of said mill or doing the work thereon aforesaid, and had no knowledge of the hazards and dangers attending the operation of said mill, nor had he equal means with the said defendant of knowing or ascertaining said hazards and dangers; that said hazards and dangers in the operation of said machine were not obvious; that it could only be known from skill and experience in the operation thereof, and as to the proper way to operate said machine to protect one from injury that might arise from said dangers, all of which was well known to said defendant and its said foreman. And plaintiff says that the labor performed by him as aforesaid, and as hereinafter described was done under the immediate direction and supervision of said foreman, and it was the duty of the defendant and it® said foreman before directing tbe plaintiff to work upon and operate said machine to instruct him as to the manner of performing said labor,, so as to protect himself against injury and avoid the said dangers incident thereto, and to caution and warn him of the dangers to which he: was subjected in the performance of said work; but negligently and in. disregard of its said duty towards plaintiff, said defendant, and its said foreman, wholly failed and neglected to so instruct the plaintiff in the-premises, or caution or warn him of the dangers incident thereto.
“That on February 21, 1901, while working at said mill in mixing rubber, and making a rubber slab about two feet square, it became necessary by reason of the ragged edges of said rubber slab for him to-place said slab on the- top of said rollers as aforesaid; and for the purpose aforesaid he did place it on top of said rollers while they were rapidly revolving, and put his left hand on said rubber pressing it against the roller at the side next to him, to prevent it from slipping, and so that the said rollers would catch it and double it; and. said rollers did eatch it, and when it doubled the end farthest from him, the opposing roller was thrown over onto his said hand with great force instantly drawing it between said rollers and so mangling it that it necessarily had to be, and was amputated at the wrist joint; that he suffered greatly in body and mind from said injury, and was for a long time sick, and is forever disabled from performing manual labor, and is permanently injured, all of which suffering and injury was directly caused by the carelessness and negligence of the defendant aforesaid, and without any fault or negligence on the part of plaintiff, to his damage in the sum of $20,000, for which sum he asks judgment against the defendant.”

Defendant for its answer says, that it admits that it was and is a corporation duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the state of Ohio, and at all times mentioned in said petition it was engaged in the manufacture of rubber and rubber goods in the city of Akron, said county and state. It admits that on February 21, 1901, and for a time prior thereto, the plaintiff was in its employ and was engaged in operating a certain machine designed for the -mixing- and making of rubber sheets or slabs. It admits that on February 21, 1901, .the plaintiff sustained certain bodily injuries on account of which his left hand was amputated at or near the wrist, but it avers that said injuries were caused by the inadvertence, inattention, carelessness and negligence of the plaintiff himsel-f, and not by reason of any default, carelessness or negligence on the part of the defendant company. And further answering defendant denies each and every statement, allegation .and averment in said petition contained, not herein specifically admitted or denied, and having fully answered prays to' be dismissed with its costs.

To that answer a reply has been interposed which denies the statements and allegations contained in the said answer, except such as are admissions of the allegations and statements contained in the plaintiff’s petition filed herein.

Upon these pleadings the 'case was tried to a jury, and, as I have said, a verdict was rendered in favor of the plaintiff.

The facts in the case are as follows:

There were in this machine two large steel rollers placed side by side; they are about five feet in length and twelve to fifteen inches in diameter, and when in operation said rollers revolve together, that is, rtoward each other, at ten to fifteen revolutions per minute. In operating this mill it was necessary for the plaintiff to stand in front of the rollers and place the rubber on said rollers so as to run it through until ■properly mixed and pressed; that on February 21, 1901, the injury of which complaint is made, occurred causing the loss of the plaintiff’s left hand. It is claimed that the plaintiff was inexperienced in such work as this, and that the foreman neglected to instruct him in the proper way to perform this work so as to avoid the dangers incident thereto. The contention of the plaintiff in error is that the dangers were obvious, and that the plaintiff below had been fully instructed as to how to do his work safely, and that if he had followed these instructions he would not have been injured.

He was instructed as shown by the record as follows:

(Q. “What was this other man doing you speak of?” A. “He was a mill man working on the mill.” .

Q. “Working on the mill?” A. “Yes, sir.”

Q. “What did he say to you in the way of operating the mill?” A. “He showed me, he done most of the work.”

Q. “Tell what he said and done?” A. “He would tell me to cut the rubber off when it would stick and to throw the compound in and pour oil in.”

Q. “Was anything further than that said to you before you commenced the'handling of the mill yourself?” A. “I was told not to put my hand up where the rolls begin to go downward, keep my hands <down where they were coming up.”

' Q. “Who told you that?” A. “This man that I worked with, and also the boss.”

Q. “Who was the boss?” A. “Noonan.”

Q. “State what Noonan said to you on that subject, about the operating of the mill?” A. “Well, be said it was a dangerous machine and to be careful.”

Q. “What further did he say?” A. “And not let my hands get so they would go down over, keep them at a certain point on the mill.”

Q. “Was there any other foreman there while you were at work.” A. “Foreman?”

Q. “Of those mills, that were there specially?” A. “A man by the name of Oberdoerster that I worked under when I commenced at night work. ’ ’

Q. “What talk did you have with him on the subject of operating the mill?” A. “Well, he told me about the same as Mr. Noonan.”

Q. “Go on and tell what was said?” A. “He told me to feed the rubber in certain batches, not put my hands over where the roller turned in, and when I was cutting off, if the rubber was going to catch me, to let the knife go in if it was necessary and keep my hands off of the top of the rollers in working. ’ ’

On cross-examination he said in answer to the questions:

Q. “And all three of these men, Mr. Noonan, Mr. Oberdoerster and Mr. Hazard, told you where to put your hands and where not to put them?” A. “Yes, sir.”

Q. “And they all told you not to put your hands above the top of the rollers?” A. “Yes, sir.”

Q. “Calling your attention, Mr. McCIurg, to your statement that Mr. Hazard, or the man with whom you worked when you first began there, that he instructed you or told you not to put your hands on top of the rolls, did he give you any reason why you should not put your hands on top of the rolls?” A. “Why, he said the rolls were turning inward that way, that they were liable to catch my hands. ’ ’

Q. “Danger of catching your hands?” A. “Yes, sir.”

Q. “Now, at the time you was injured you may state to the jury what you was doing at that time, at the time you was injured?” A, “Well, I was just finishing up ready to quit, it was just before the whistle blowed a little while, and I had my last batch on finishing up ; it was ragged and I wanted to make it even and nice; I picked it up and throwed it in the mill and it slid and didn’t go in and went clear over the other side; I put my left hand in, and it bounded, and when it bounded it struck my wrist and arm and dragged it in before I could put it back. ’ ’

That is a direct violation of his instructions; if he had followed his instructions and kept his hands above the rollers he would not have been injured. He could as easily have kept his hand out, kept it above the rollers as to have kept it from going further down. Such an injury ■never happened before. The company was not bound to anticipate or guard against it. It is not negligence on the part of the master to fail to instruct an employe to avoid an injury which the master had no right to anticipate would happen.

It is only as to injuries that are likely to occur, not those that never did occur, that the master never heard of, that he is bound to anticipate and bound to guard his employes against. The plaintiff below clearly brought this injury on himself. The danger was obvious. He needed no instructions to keep his hands from between those rollers, and if he did he was fully warned of all the dangers, fully instructed as to how to operate the mill and avoid being caught. He disregarded his instructions, and on no principle of law or right can he recover. Wolsey v. Railway, 33 O. S. 227. The judgment of the court below will be reversed with costs, and exceptions noted. .

Hale and Marvin, JJ., concur.  