
    HUGHES v. STATE.
    (No. 9355.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    June 24, 1925.)
    Homicide <§=x»300(7) — Instruction on mutual combat held error, where there was no showing of prearrangement between defendant and deceased, or of ill feeling between them.
    Instruction, in murder prosecution, on mutual combat, held error, where there was no showing of pr.earrangement between defendant and deceased to engage in combat, and there was nothing to suggest any previous ill feeling between them.
    Commissioners’ Decision.
    Appeal from District Court, Smith County; J. R. Warren, Judge.
    Ernest Hughes was convicted for murder, and he appeals.
    Reversed and remanded.
    Butler, Price & Maynor and Gentry & Gentry, all of Tyler, for appellant.
    Tom Garrard, State’s Atty., and Grover O. Morris, Asst. State’s Atty., both of Austin, for the State.
   BERRY, J.

The appellant was convicted in the district court of Smith county for the offense of murder, and his punishment assessed at eight years’ confinement in the penitentiary.

Deceased, in company with his sister and other parties, were returning home from an entertainment, and, according to the state’s version, the appellant was with another party, and that they came up and appellant was cursing, but cursing no one in particular; that Fred James, one of the parties in deceased’s crowd, rebuked appellant for cursing and told him to stop it, and appellant went on up the road and immediately he came back down the road and was still cursing, and the deceased called him 'down and said to him, “Hey, boy; there are some ladies along here” and appellant said “Damn the ladies; show me one.” The deceased in a friendly way called him down for cursing, and merely said to him to quit cursing; that there were some ladies along, and defendant said, “Damn the ladies; show me one,” and said, “If you want anything, just crawl on,” at the time appellant said this, he (appellant) was going toward deceased, and deceased was standing still, ánd, when appellant got to deceased, they clinched and fell, and appellant asked deceased to get up, and they both got up, and there were two hard licks hit, and deceased fell to the ground with a knife wound in his person, from which he died.

Appellant’s theory was, and it found support in his own testimony, that he acted in self-defense. Under this state of the record, the trial court gave the following as a part of his charge:

“You are further instructed a mutual combat is where the parties voluntarily engage in an encounter; and, where they do so, the right of self-defense is cut off. So in this case, .if you shall find beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant and deceased voluntarily entered into and engaged in an encounter on the occasion, of the homicide in question, then the defendant could not claim the right of self-defense, and would be guilty of murder or manslaughter, or aggravated assault.”

In our opinion the evidence in this case did not raise the issue of mutual combat. The evidence is utterly lacking in anything indicating any prearrangement between the appellant and the deceased to engage in combat. There is nothing to suggest any ill feeling between them until the very moment they began to fight. It has been held by this court that the issue of mutual combat as a limitation upon the right of self-defense does not arise alone from the fact that the parties to the affray are mutually engaged in it, but that the issue arises out of an antecedent agreement, to fight, and while the agreement may be proved by either direct testimony or by circumstances, yet, before there can he the issue of mutual combat, the testimony must show that the agreement exists. Carson v. State, 89 Tex. Cr. R. 342, 230 S. W. 997, and the cases there cited.

Our state’s attorney concedes that the court was in error in giving the charge on mutual combat, and in this, we think, he is correct.

For the error of the court above indicated, it is our opinion that the judgment should be reversed, and the cause remanded.

PER CURIAM.

The foregoing opinion of the Commission of Appeals has been examined by the judges of the Court of Criminal Appeals, and approved by the court. 
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