
    FT. WORTH BELT RY. CO. v. JONES et al.
    (No. 2352.)
    (Supreme Court of Texas.
    May 20, 1914.)
    Master and Servant (§ 285) — Death of Servant — Questions for Jury.
    On evidence in an action for a switchman’s death by falling from a car upon its sudden stop to avoid striking an iron pipe, on the issue whether the pipe was placed on the track by the employes of the impleaded defendant, held, that the trial court did not err in peremptorily instructing a verdict for such defendant.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Master and Servant, Cent. Dig. §§ 1002, 1003, 1007, 1008, 1016, 1035, 1043, 1053; Dec. Dig. § 285.]
    Certified Question from Court of Civil Appeals of Second Supreme Judicial District.
    Action by Helen Jones against the Ft. Worth Belt Railway Company, which im-pleaded Armour & Co. Judgment for plaintiff and for Armour & Co., and defendant Railway Company appeals. Certified question from Court of Civil Appeals. Question answered in the negative.
    H. M. Chapman and Lassiter, Harrison & Rowland, all of Ft. Worth, for appellant. McLean & Scott, of Ft. Worth, for appellee Jones. Capps, Cantey, Hanger & Short and David B. Trammell, all of Ft. Worth, for appellee Armour Co.
    
      
      For other cases see same topic and section NUMBER in Deo. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No. Series & Rep’r Indexes
    
   BROWN, C. J.

The Court of Civil Appeals has failed to find and certify the facts as required by article 1619, Revised Statutes 1911, but refers this court to the opinions for the facts involved. Having received submission of the question, we will endeavor to state the facts. The question submitted is stated thus: “Whether or not, under the circumstances stated in said opinions and otherwise shown by the record, the trial court erred, as assigned by appellant, in peremptorily instructing a verdict in favor of appellee Armour & Co.”

The facts are so stated that we must copy the following in order to be sure of setting out all that is material. We copy from the opinion as follows: “Frank Jones was employed by the Ft. Worth Belt Railway Company as a switchman. On March 2, 1910, while serving in that capacity, he and Swope, another switchman, were stationed on the rear ear of one of that company’s trains. This train was backed in upon a switch track leading to Swift & Co.’s plant, thus placing the car upon which the switchmen were riding in front. While the train was thus moving, Jones and Swope discovered an iron pipe lying across the track ahead of them, and one or both gave to the engineer a signal to stop the train. In obedience to this signal, the train was stopped, or its speed checked, so suddenly that Jones fell upon the track in front of the car and was run over and killed. Helen Jones his widow, for herself and minor children instituted this suit against the Ft. Worth Belt Railway Company to recover damages as a result of the death of her husband, and, from a judgment in favor of plaintiff, the railway company has appealed.”

Omitting that which relates alone to the railroad company, we copy from the opinion as follows:

“The Ft. Worth Belt Railway Company in-terpleaded Armour & Co., alleging that the latter company placed the iron pipe in question upon the track, and that in so doing it was guilty of negligence; that the railway company was ignorant of the fact that the pipe was upon the track; that the negligence of Armour & Co. in placing the pipe upon the track was the direct and proximate cause of the accident; and by reason of such facts they prayed for judgment over against Armour & Co. in the event the railway company should be held liable to the plaintiffs for the death of Frank Jones. In obedience to a peremptory instruction by the court the jury returned a 'verdict in favor of Armour & Co. upon this plea over against it, and that instruction is assigned as error by appellant.

“H. D. Stephenson testified that he was employed by Armour & Co. as one of the millwright gang, and at the time of the accident was engaged with other employés in putting in concrete forms for the erection of the reservoir in the holes previously made by the excavations mentioned above; that he witnessed the accident and saw the pipe upon the railway track at that time. He further testified as follows: T was working with a foreman named Swodener. Kiehter was running the bull gang. His gang had dug those holes for these concrete forms, and some of the same gang were putting in the concrete. * * * There was no work being done there that I remember of in which any iron pipe such as I saw there was being used. I did not see any such pipe that was in use there. We were not using it. These other men and myself were working for Armour & Co. This cement business was part of a reservoir that Armour & Co. was putting in on their property.’

“W. S. Woodward, superintendent of transportation for the appellant, reached the place of the accident shortly after the accident and inspected the iron pipe in question. He testified as follows: ‘Now the reservoir is on the right-hand side as you are shoving into Swift’s plant, and these condensers as I call them are about 6 feet from the track; but I have no idea of the depth of them — may be 6 feet or 10 feet, or 12, or might be deeper. I should think they are probably 16 by 20 feet in size. I do not know how long this work of excavation had been going on at that particular place. Armour & Co. were doing that excavation, and the railroad had nothing to do with it. I should think, as near as I can remember, this work had been going on there generally, along that place where this pipe was picked up, about two weeks. * * * This pipe is a deal more rusty now than it was at that time. It was rusty at that time but not so rusty as it is now. In my judgment that pipe had been in use — it was an old pipe. * * * I will say that there was an embankment of dirt next to the rail on the west side, and the other side where this excavation was the dirt was piled on them. * * * The track was level, about 20 or 30 feet, or a little higher than the rail with the dirt; but it was south of where this excavating was, I should think about 20 or 30 feet as near as I can remember. * * * It was between 20 and 30 minutes after the accident before I got to the scene of it. The remains of the deceased were still there when I got there. They had not been removed. This pipe I testified about this morning was still there. At that time the pipe was not as rusty as it is now. It was rusty, but not as much as it is now. This is the same pipe that was there at that time. It did have the appearance of having been buried in the ground. There was no difference in the appearance of the pipe in the rust as to having been buried from one end to the other. The condition of the ground immediately west of the track, say from a point opposite the second pier from the south, or down to where we found this pipe, was that there was loose dirt piled right in here (indicating on the map heretofore referred to in this record). By “here” I mean between the pier and the railroad. 1 don’t remember about that being the south pier. I don’t remember nothing about those piers. I should think that dirt was piled up 2 feet higher than the rail, about that. At the point where it was 2 feet higher than the rail, I should think that was probably 3 feet from the rail, or about that, and it sloped down. That dirt did not interfere with the movement of the train, it was not over the rails. I suppose that dirt came out of the excavations that were dug for those piers, or foundations, rather. I don’t know how long it had been after these foundations had been dug and completed before the crew went to put in those boxes to hold the . concrete. * * * When I got there the pipe had been picked up by some one and was'lying up on a pile of dirt. It had been removed, and all I know about that being the pipe, you understand, is what I was told there. I do not know that that is the pipe they hit. When I got there it was generally understood that that was the pipe, and it was the one that was pointed out to me, and this is that pipe. There was no other pipe around there.’

“Referring to the railway track where the accident happened, the witness Woodward further testified: ‘This track at this place was no„t No. 9. It was Swift’s lead. It ran to Swift & Co.’s plant and the Southwestern Mechanical Company’s plant. In hauling stuff to Armour & Co. it would not come in over that track at all. In hauling out things from Swift & Co.’s plant, and also from the Southwestern Mechanical Company’s plant, it would come out over this track that we call “Swift’s lead.” You ask me if it is not a frequent occurrence in both Swift & Co.’s plant and in the Southwestern Mechanical Company’s plant that old iron is junked, and I answer you by stating that we call it scrapped. It is sold to the junk dealers here. It is hauled out there over this track out to the place where it is kept until they come and get it; coming from the Mechanical Company’s plant, or from Swift & Co.’s, you do come over that track. It is true that such pipe as this — that is true of such pipe as this frequently.’

“Ben Roy, a'steam fitter in the employment of Armour & Co. at the time of the accident, was talking to the foreman of the millwright gang as the train approached and witnessed the accident. He testified: ‘There was dirt piled up there on the west side of the track, from: a point • where this gentleman and I were standing when we saw this pipe on the track, between us and them. It was piled higher than the track. It was sloping down. The dirt sloped down; sloped down probably within 8 inches of the track. That dirt came out of those holes along there by the reservoir that they put this concrete in for the condenser. That was not on the rail. The only thing I seen on the rail was this pipe. * * * I was then in the employ of Armour & Co. I had business at the reservoir, or I would not have been there. I" had worked from that point to the top of the engine room. There was no work being done there, in which this pipe was being used, that I know of, or such pipe as I saw there at that time. I was a steam fitter, engaged in working around that place at that time. If there was any work being done there in which such pipe as this was being used, I do not know anything about it. I do not know of any one besides myself that was using it there, or why they would have it there. That piece of pipe which was shown me is not the pipe, in my judgment. The piece, of pipe I seen was a newer piece of pipe than that; but it was an old pipe, but not so rusty as that.’

“Upon the issue whether or not the iron pipe was placed upon the track by Armour & Co.’s employés, the foregoing is substantially the entire testimony introduced.

“The majority of this court are of the opinion that the testimony recited above, considered in connection with the failure of Armour & Co. to prove that no such pipe had been taken from the ground during the excavations, and the absence of any evidence showing the presence of any persons at the place of the accident, immediately prior thereto, other than the employés of Armour & Co., tended to support the affirmative of that issue, and that the court erred in peremptorily instructing a verdict in favor of Armour & Co.

“The writer, however, is unable to concur in this conclusion.”

The fact that Armour & Co.’s servants were at work near the track cannot furnish a basis for a presumption that they placed the pipe on the track. It did not rest upon Armour & Co. to prove that their servants did not place the pipe there, but the burden was upon the railroad company. A presumption of fact cannot rest upon a fact presumed. The fact relied upon to support the presumption must be proved. “No inference of fact should be drawn from premises which are uncertain. Pacts upon which an inference may legitimately rest must be established by direct evidence, as if they were the facts in issue. One presumption cannot be based upon another presumption.” 16 Cyc. 1051; Mo. Pac. Ry. Co. v. Porter, 73 Tex. 307, 11 S. W. 324. No fact or circumstance was proved in this case which justifies the presumption that the pipe was placed upon the track of the railroad by any person under the control of Armour & Co.

The trial court did not err in giving peremptory instructions to the jury to return a verdict for Armour & Co.  