
    Patrick J. Corcoran and John E. Strickland, as Executors, etc., of Samuel Branaugh, Deceased, Respondents, v. David Mannering, Appellant.
    
      Joinder of causes of action —one for a failure of a life tenant to pay taxes, the other a claim for advances of the cost of proving the will secured by an assignment of the rents — equity.
    
    A complaint by a remainderman, which alleges that a life tenant has received rents from, and has failed to pay taxes levied upon, the devised premises; and further, that the plaintiff advanced money to pay the expenses of probating the will of the common testator, and took from the defendant an assignment of the rents to secure such advances, and asks for the appointment of a receiver of the rents, is not demurrable on the ground of a misjoinder of causes of action — one in tort for an injury to real property, and the other on contract. In such a case the action is in equity, and both claims relate to the same subject.
    Appeal by the defendant, David Mannering, from an interlocutory judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiffs, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Kings on the 28th day of May, 1896, upon the decision of the court rendered after a trial at the Orange Special Term overruling the defendant’s demurrer to the complaint.
    
      Daniel Nemirs, for the appellant.
    
      C. S. Mereness, for the respondents.
   Hatch, J.:

The complaint alleges, so far as is essential to the disposition of the question presented by this appeal, that the plaintiffs are the executors and trustees of the estate of Samuel Branaugh, who was the devisee of certain real property under the will of Ellen Mannering, subject to a life estate therein of her husband, the defendant in this action; that the defendant has been in the possession and enjoyment of said property, has occupied a portion alleged to be worth about $300 per annum, and has received rents from the remainder in the amount of $1,400 per annum; that the defendant has suffered the water rates and taxes upon the property to accumulate and remain unpaid for the past eight or nine years, and that the same now amount to about the sum of $1,600.

For a second cause of action it is alleged that, upon proceedings to probate the said will, costs and expenses were incurred amounting to the sum of $1,770.10, which sum the plaintiff’s testator advanced to the defendant at his request, and that on account thereof the defendant executed and delivered to said testator an assignment and transfer of sufficient of the rents and proceeds of the said property to pay the interest annually upon the said sum so advanced; that no part of the money thus advanced has been paid, and that interest is now due upon said sum from the 13th day of February, 1883. The plaintiffs demand judgment, that a receiver be appointed to collect the rents and apply the same in discharge of the water rates and taxes and in discharge of the said claim for interest, and for other relief.

The demurrer interposed is based upon the ground that causes of action have been improperly united in the complaint. This is the only ground now urged for our consideration. The appellant insists that the first cause of action alleged is for an injury to real property in the nature of a tort, and the second an action upon contract. Assuming this to be so, the appellant overlooks the fact that the action is in equity, and that both claims relate to the same subject, i. e., the real property, and that the main relief sought is the application of the rents produced therefrom in discharge of claims chargeable thereon.

We think that they are properly described as transactions connected with the same subject of the action, and, as such, are brought within section 484 of the Code of Civil Procedure, as causes of action in which a union is qoermitted. (Lattin v. McCarty, 41 N. Y. 107; Lamming v. Galusha, 135 id. 239; Shepard v. Manhattan R. Co., 117 id. 442; Mahler v. Schmidt, 43 Hun, 512.)

The cases relied upon by the appellant, of which Keep v. Kaufman (56 N. Y. 332) and Wiles v. Suydam (64 id. 173) are illustrations. were actions at law for damages where independent causes were attempted to be united. The rule is plain and the distinction between the cases clear.

It follows that the judgment appealed from should be affirmed, with costs, with leave to defendant to answer upon payment of costs.

All concurred.

Judgment affirmed, with costs, with leave to appellant to answer in twenty days, on payment of costs.  