
    John Kuhnen, Appellant, v. Alfred T. White, Respondent, Impleaded with Oscar Koellner.
    
      Tenement Mouse Act — injury to one slipping on a wet place and falling down steps leading from a bake store into a bake shop beloio — absence of banisters and railings, when not the cause of the accident — quaere, whether required on such steps.
    
    In an action brought against the owner of a tenement house to recover damages for personal injuries sustained by the plaintiff in consequence of falling down a stairway therein, on the ground that the defendant was guilty of negligence or that he maintained a nuisance in violation of the Tenement House Act (Laws of 1901, chap. 884, §§ 86, 41), which prescribes that in every tenement house all stairways shall be provided with proper banisters and railings, and be kept in good repair; and that there shall be no openings either by door or window, or otherwise, between a bakery in a tenement house and the other parts of the building, it appeared that the plaintiff was employed as a baker by a tenant in a tenement house owned by the defendant; that the bake store was located on the ground floor of the premises, and that the bake shop was underneath and that access thereto was obtained by going through a trap door and down a stairway. The stairwliy consisted of a steep descent of five wooden steps. One side was close to the wall, upon which was a rail apparently capable of being grasped by the hand of a person going down the steps; the outer side was open, save that an upright beam extended from the foot of the steps to the ceiling of the bake shop.
    The plaintiff in his complaint alleged that the tenant, his employer, carelessly and negligently permitted some water to run upon the stairway, and that by reason of its dangerous and slippery condition the plaintiff slipped and fell. Upon the trial he gave the following version of the accident: When coming to work on November 17th, 1902, at ten minutes to five o’clock in the morning, he walked towards the stairway leading into the bake shop; put his left hand on the wall near the stairway, then put his left foot on the first step, and as he was about to draw his right foot after and make %e step he fell clear down.” Cross-examination: “ At the head of the stairway was an ice box. It was dark at the time of the accident, but there was a little gas light burning in the store on the other side from the stairway. There was no light on the stairway. 7 
      put out my hand because I was afraid that 1 was going to fall and to be careful. After my fall I went up the stairs and I saw that it was wet, moisty; I did not see no water.”
    
      Held, that the plaintiff’s complaint was properly dismissed;
    That, assuming that the provisions of the Tenement House Act cited had been violated, the plaintiff had not established any causal relation between the violation and the accident.
    
      Quare, whether the series of steps in question constituted a stairway within the contemplation of section 36 of the Tenement House Act, which seems to apply to staircases intended for the common use of the tenants generally.
    Appeal by the plaintiff, John Kulinen, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant Alfred T. White, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Kings on the 3d day of Hay, 1904, upon the dismissal of the complaint as to said defendant by direction of the court after a trial at the Kiugs County Trial Term. '
    
      Alfred E. Sander, for the appellant.
    
      John Notman, for the respondent.
   Willard Bartlett, J.:

In this action the plaintiff sought to charge the defendant Alfred T. White with liability for negligence, or for maintaining a nuisance in violation of the Tenement House Act (Laws of 1901, chap. 334, §§ 36, 41). The sections of the statute cited prescribe that in every tenement house all stairways shall be provided with proper banisters and railings, and kept in good repair; and that there shall be no openings either by door or window, or otherwise, between a bakery in a tenement house and the other parts of the building. The plaintiff was employed by a tenant as a baker in a tenement house owned by Mr. White. The premises occupied by the tenant included what is described in the testimony as a bake store on the ground floor and a bake shop underneath, to which access was obtained by going through a trap door and down a stairway. The latter structure, as appears from the photograph introduced in evidence, constituted rather a steep descent of five wooden steps down into a cellar-like apartment. One side was close to the wall, upon which was a rail apparently capable of being grasped by the hand of a person going down the steps; the outer side was open, save that an upright beam extended from the foot of the steps to the ceiling of the bake shop.

The plaintiff fell while attempting to go down this stairway, and sustained the injuries for which he sought to recover compensation in this action. The evidence introduced in his behalf, however, utterly failed to establish any causal relation between the alleged unlawful condition of the premises and the accident. I quote from the record of his testimony those portions which refer to the manner and circumstances of his fall: “When coining to work on November 17th, 1902, at ton minutes to five o’clock in the morning, he walked towards the stairway leading into the bake shop ; put his left hand on the wall near the stairway, then put his left foot on the first step, and as he was about to draw his right foot after and make the' step he fell clear down.” Cross-examination : “At the head of the stairway was an ice box. It was dark at the time of the accident, but there was a little gas light burning in the store on the other side from the stairway. There was no light on the stairway. I put out my hand because I was afraid that I was going to fall and to be careful. After my fall I went up the stairs and I saw that it was wet, moisty; I did not see no water.”

Although this series of steps is characterized throughout the testimony as a stairway, it may well be doubted whether it was a stairway within the contemplation of section 36 of the Tenement House Act, which seems rather to apply to staircases intended for the common use of the tenants generally. But assuming that it came within the purview of that provision, and that it was defective as matter of law, because not furnished with proper banisters, I can find nothing in the plaintiff’s proofs to show that the accident was due to the absence of banisters or any other safeguard prescribed by the statute. . He merely tells us that he fell, without furnishing the slightest indication as to what caused his fall. In the complaint he alleged that the tenant, his employer, carelessly and negligently permitted some water to run upon the stairway, and that by reason of its dangerous and slippery condition the plaintiff slipped and fell, but in his testimony there is not a word about his having slipped. Nor is there anything in the record from which it can be inferred that the existence of an opening — i. <?., the trap door — between the bakery and the bake shop (which is said to have been a violation of section él of the Tenement House Act) had anything to do with bringing about the jilaintiff’s misadventure. The complaint was, therefore, properly dismissed for failure of proof, and the- judgment entered upon the dismissal should be affirmed.

Present — Hirschberg, P. J., Bartlett, Woodward, Hooker and Miller, JJ.

Judgment unanimously affirmed, with costs.  