
    Simeon M. Barber, Respondent, v. Abednego Dewes, Appellant.
    
      .Attorney and client — liability of the latter for the act of the former in issuing an execution in violation of a slay — measure of damages in such case —• the question as to an excessive levy, how raised■—verdict for damages as a basis for a judgment, riot impaired because a verdict is thereafter directed■—an objection thereto cannot , be first talcen on appeal. . . (
    .A judgment creditor who places no limitation upon the authority of his attorney is liable for the wrongful act of his attorney in issuing an execution upon a judgment in violation of a stay of proceedings granted by the court.
    An an action brought against the judgment creditor by the judgment debtor to recover damages resulting from the levy made under the execution thus issued by the attorney, the measure of damages is the difference between the value of the property levied upon at the time the levy was made and its valúe at the "time the levy was relinquished.
    
      A judgment rendered against the judgment creditor will not be reversed on the theory that the unlawful levy was excessive, where this issue was not raised by the pleadings or presented at the trial except by a request to charge.
    Where the court submits to the jury the question of damages, which is the only-issue raised by the pleadings and the proof, arid the jury renders a verdict in favor of the plaintiff for a specified sum, such verdict constitutes a sufficient basis for the judgment. Where, however, the court subsequently -directs a verdict for the same amount upon the theory that that is the better practice, such direction does not invalidate the previous verdict; in any event the defendant cannot, in the absence of an exception, question the right of the court to direct the verdict for the first time upon appeal.
    Appeal by the defendant, Abednego Dewes, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 3d day of June, 1904, upon the verdict of a jury rendered by direction of the court, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 20tli day of May, 1904, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      Nelson Zabriskie, for the appellant.
    
      Frank G. Wild, for the respondent.
   McLaughlin, J.:

Action to recover damages for an alleged unlawful levy upon plaintiff’s property. The facts upon which plaintiff predicated his right -to recover — except as to the amount — were not disputed and are as follows: On the 26th of November, 1900, the defendant obtained a judgment in the Supreme Court against this plaintiff for $718.55. At the conclusion of the trial, which resulted in that judgment, the trial justice orally announced that execution upon the judgment was stayed for thirty days after service of a copy of the judgment and notice of entry, and on the day following an order was formally entered to this effect. In that action a notice of entry, but not a copy of the judgment, was served as required by the order. On the twenty-sixth of December following a copy of the order granting the stay, with notice of entry, was served by mail, accompanied by a letter explaining why they had not been previously served, and on the next day a conversation was had between the attorneys for the respective parties in which it was ■ stated that, unless the judgment was paid at on.ee, execution would be issued. The attorney for the judgment creditor was then informed of the stay and cautioned against taking such course, notwithstanding which an execution was issued, and in pursuance of it the sheriff on the thirty-first of December levied upon and took, into his' possession 211 tubs -.of .butter and 117 cases of eggs. A motion was thereafter made to vacate and set aside the execution,' which, on the ninth of January following, was granted and the butter and eggs returned to the judgment debtor, who thereupon brought this action to recover the damages alleged to- have been sustained by reason of such levy and seizure. The plaintiff had a. judgment for $600, and defendant has appealed.

First, it is claimed by the defendant that the judgment should . be reversed because lie was not liable for the wrongful act of liisattorney in issuing the execution in violation of the stay. It may well-be doubted whether any such issue was presented. ■ The complaint alleged that the defendant caused the execution to be- issued and this is admitted in the answer. This being the condition of the pleadings it is difficult to see how the defendant could hope to .prevent a recovery by proving that the issuance of the execution was an unauthorized act of his attorney. But assuming that such proof could be given under the pleadings, the act of the attorney in issuing the execution did not, protect the defendant. The fact is undisputed that the order prohibiting the issuance of the execution was-served upon the attorney, and that he acted in violation of it. The-claim of the plaintiff in that action was in- the hands of the attorney for collection. Bo limitation whatever was placed upon his authority, so far as appears, and by reason thereof it must be assumed that lie not only had authority to prosecute the claim to judgment, but to' enforce collection thereof by the issuance of an execution thereon. He issued the execution, and in doing so he was acting within the-' scope of the authority given to him by his.client, and if damages, were sustained by reason of such act the client was responsible. The rule is clearly and tersely-stated by Judge Cooley m. Foster v. Wiley (27 .Mich. 244). It is as follows: “ When one puts his case against another into the hands of an attorney for suit, it is a reasonable presumption that the authority he intends to confer upon the attorney includes such action as the latter, in his superior knowledge of the law, may decide to he legal, proper and necessary in the prosecution of the demand, and, consequently, whatever adverse proceedings may be taken by the attorney are to be considered, so far as they affect the defendant in the suit, as approved by the client in advance, and, therefore, as his act, even though they prove to be unwarranted by the law.” This case was cited with approval in Poucher v. Blanchard (86 N. Y. 256), which in turn was approved in Guilleaume v. Rowe (94 id. 268). The authorities cited by the appellant’s attorney are not in point. These authorities relate to cases where the officer executing the process committed a trespass, or where the attorney gave unwarranted directions to such officer. (Welsh v. Cochran, 63 N. Y. 181; Clark v. Woodruff, 83 id. 518; Bowe v. Wilkins, 105 id. 322; Guilfoyle v. Seeman, 41 App. Div. 516.)

Second. ' It is claimed the levy was excessive, and by' reason thereof defendant could not be held liable for the damages sustained arising therefrom. But this issue was not raised by the pleadings, nor was any such question presented at the trial, except upon a request to charge. If an excessive levy were made, that fact should have been'set out in the defendant’s answer, to the end that proof might be presented and that fact determined upon the trial. Ho such defense was pleaded or even claimed until the conclusion of the trial, and then it was too late. At the beginning of the trial the plaintiff moved for judgment upon the pleadings, and the court then asked the defendant’s attorney, "What issue of fact is there in the case to try ? ” to which he replied there was an allegation in the complaint that the defendant, knowing there had been a stay granted, nevertheless caused the execution to be issued, and the court responded: It was wilful and with knowledge ? ” to which the attorney answered: “ That seems to me the issue of fact and also the question of damages.” The court acquiesced in this, saying : That is the issue of fact for the jury to pass upon, whether there was knowledge on the part of. the defendant and he ' caused this execution to issue knowing that the stay was in force.” The trial then proceeded and proof was admitted bearing upon this issue and defendant could not thereafter, without amending his answer by a simple request to charge, raise the question of whether or not there had been an excessive levy.

Third. Complaint is also made as to the amount of damages recovered. The proof, however, upon- this branch of the case was not only sufficient to sustain the verdict, but entirely satisfactory It consisted of evidence as to the value of the butter and eggs on the day they were seized and the day when they were relinquished by the sheriff, and the jury were instructed that the plaintiff’s measure of damage was the difference between the two.

Finally, it is claimed the court erred in directing a verdict for the plaintiff. He did not direct a verdict; on the contrary, he submitted to the jury, with appropriate instructions, the only issue raised by the pleadings and the proof, viz., the amount of damage to Which the plaintiff was entitled. They returned a verdict in favor of the plaintiff for a specified sum and this was all that was required as the basis of the judgment. It is true that the court for some reason not explained in the record entertained an idea that the better practice would be to thereafter direct a verdict for the same amount, which he did. This, however, in no way invalidated the previous verdict. If any irregularity could be claimed by reason of it the appellant is not in a position to raise it, inasmuch as no pxception was taken to such direction.

The judgment' and order appealed from are right and should be affirmed, with costs.

O’Brien, Ingraham and Hatch, JJ., concurred; Van Brunt, P. J., concurred in result.

Jndgment arid order affirmed, with costs.  