
    Smith, Appellant, vs. Board of Trustees of the Wisconsin Veterans’ Home, Respondent.
    
      March 9
    
    March 30, 1909.
    
      Corporations: Veterans’ Some: Discharge of inmate for misconctucrt: Security for costs: Discretion.
    
    
      1. Corporations organized for purposes akin to that for which the Board of Trustees of the Wisconsin Veterans’ Home was organized have the right to prescribe reasonable rules governing the admission and discharge of inmates; and under sec. 178S, Stats. (1898), the proper officers may at any time discharge any such inmate when, in their judgment, it shall be for his interests or the interests of the corporation.
    2. In an action against said corporation for damages for a wrongful discharge from the. Home, it is 7ield that a verdict was properly directed for defendant, — it appearing that the board of trustees had proceeded regularly, within its statutory powers, and in accordance with its by-laws, rules, and regulations in discharging plaintiff because of misconduct in circulating false and scandalous reports concerning 'officials of the Home, to the detriment of the institution.
    3. The fact that plaintiff was able to furnish the required security shows that there was no abuse of discretion in an order requiring him to give security for costs; and in the absence of such abuse the order should not be reversed.
    Appeal from a judgment of tbe circuit court for Waupaca county: John Goodland, Judge.
    
      Affirmed.
    
    The defendant is a corporation organized for the purpose of establishing and carrying on an institution for the maintenance of destitute soldiers and sailors of the late Civil War and their widows. Its articles of incorporation forbid the payment of dividends. Before the corporation began operation the legislature of Wisconsin provided that when the Home was established and put in operation there should be paid by the state treasurer to the treasurer of the board of trustees of said corporation $3 per week for the board of each inmate. Later an appropriation of $50,000 was made for the Home. The amounts paid by the state to the defendant coloration aggregate a large sum. As a condition to tire appropriation the state required the title to the lands of the Home to he vested in the state, and reserved the right to exercise certain visita-torial powers over the institution. A certain portion of the expense of maintaining the inmates of said Home was paid by the general government of the Hnited States. The bylaws, rules, and regulations adopted for the management of the Home provided that all persons, members in good standing of the Grand Army of the Republic in the Department of 'Wisconsin and entitled to vote at the annual meeting of the department encampment, should be members of such corporation ; that the board of trustees should hear and determine all appeals taken from the decisions of the commandant, and all grievances of members when made in person or in writing; and that where an appeal was taken from any sentence or act of the commandant he should be present at the hearing with the evidence on which his sentence or act was based. It was made the duty of the commandant to keep a docket called ■“Offenders’ Docket,” and to keep a complete history of every offense and offender. It was provided that no member should be discharged, suspended, or dealt with in any way without first having a hearing, and for this purpose a time and place was required to be fixed by the commandant at which to hear all complaints each day, and that a brief statement of evidence and witnesses should in each case be recorded. Further, that the commandant should have full power to summarily discharge, after trial, for the following offenses: First, habitual intoxication; second, bringing intoxicating liquors upon the grounds or having the same in possession without permission of the surgeon; third, wilful disobedience of orders of the commandant and insulting, violent, or abusive language to any officer, member, or employee; fourth, scandalizing in any manner the management of the Home. For violation of any of the foregoing rules the commandant was required to notify the offender to appear before him at a time fixed for Rearing complaints, and if found guilty the commandant was authorized to pass such sentence as he might deem just and proper, subject, however, to an appeal to the hoard. Any member desiring to appeal from the commandant’s sentence might make a written appeal to the board of trustees. It was further provided that any member might be ordered dishonorably or summarily discharged by the board of trustees for wilful violation of rules and regulations governing the Homo, and by the commandant in cases provided for in the rules. It was provided that abusive language against the board of trustees or officers of the Home should not be tolerated at any time or at any place, and should subject the offender to dishonorable discharge. Members having grievances or complaints of any kind against the-Home were invited to present the same, with the assurance-that every effort would be made to remove the grievance complained of, if found to exist. The total membership, as appears from the annual report of 1905, is 700.
    The plaintiff was a soldier in the Civil War and was seventy-eight years of age at the time this action was begum. He was admitted to the Home in June, 1901, and remained an inmate until September, 1906, when he was dishonorably discharged. At the time he was admitted he was receiving a pension of $12 a month, and under the rules paid $4 of this to the Home until his marriage in August, 1901. He was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic in the Department of Wisconsin. In 1906 he was sent as a delegate from his Grand Army post to the state encampment at Marinette, and made a protest against the re-election of D. G. James as a member of the board of trustees, asserting that said James was criminally intimate with one Mrs. White, the matron of the Home. The plaintiff industriously circulated the report that said James and said matron were improperly conducting themselves. Plaintiff testified that he did not state that the facts were within his knowledge, but only that it was common rumor that criminal intimacy existed between tbe parties involved. Tbe proof to tbe effect tbat tbe statements were positively made and tbat plaintiff said be was prepared to prove them is, however, quite convincing. After tbe encampment was over tbe plaintiff was called before tbe board of trustees, at which time be claims be presented a petition asking for an investigation of tbe rumor concerning tbe conduct of Mrs. White and Mr. James. Tbe evidence of what took place at said meeting is not fully preserved, and there is considerable conflict in tbe testimony as to what evidence was in fact produced. Tbe request of tbe plaintiff for an investigation was: denied, if any request was in fact made. It does not appear tbat at this meeting any evidence was produced which tended to show tbat tbe charge made by tbe plaintiff was in fact true, unless it was given by tbe witness Drown. At tbe regular meeting of the board in August a resolution was passed directing tbe commandant to notify tbe plaintiff tbat be must prove tbe statements made touching tbe character of officers of tbe Home and other statements derogatory to tbe best interests of tbe Home, and tbat unless be was able to prove such statements tbe commandant was directed to dishonorably discharge him from tbe Home. At a meeting held in September this resolution was rescinded, and it was resolved tbat tbe board investigate tbe statements made by tbe plaintiff at tbe aforesaid encampment and also certain statements alleged to have been made at other times since tbe meeting of tbe board held on tbe 9th of July. Tbe plaintiff was called before tbe board, and all of tbe witnesses upon whom be relied, with one exception, to testify to tbe truth of tbe statements made in reference to Mr. James and Mrs. White were sworn. Hone of tbe witnesses gave any testimony tending to incriminate either of tbe parties, and tbe plaintiff apparently relied on rumor entirely as tbe foundation for tbe charges which be bad made. Tbe plaintiff failing to prove bis charges be was dishonorably discharged. It also appears tbat at tbe September-meeting of the hoard he virtually defied the hoard to prevent him making statements such as he had theretofore made, it also appeared that between the time the encampment was held at Marinette and the date of the discharge of Smith from the institution he had persisted in making statements to the effect that there was a criminal intimacy between the parties heretofore named, and stated in substance and effect that the board did not dare discharge him from the institution.
    The plaintiff brings this action against the defendant to recover damages for being wrongfully deprived of his home from and after the time he was discharged, and to compensate him for the expense he has already suffered and is likely to suffer in the future. The damages claimed amount to •$5,000. At the close of the testimony the trial court directed a verdict for the defendant, and from the judgment entered upon such verdict plaintiff brings this appeal. The errors ■assigned are as follows: (1) In directing a verdict for the defendant. (2) In excluding the evidence of a certain witness. (3) In requiring plaintiff to file security for costs.
    Eor the appellant there were briefs by B. E. Van Keuren, attorney, and Charles II. Forward, of counsel, and oral argument by Mr. Van Keuren.
    
    Eor the respondent there was a brief by Browne, Browne & Fisher, and oral argument by E. E. Browne.
    
   Barnes, J.

If the plaintiff had been in possession of facts which reasonably induced the belief in his mind that the trustee, James, and the matron, Mrs. White, were criminally intimate or were guilty of unbecoming conduct, and complaint had been made in the proper manner and to the proper parties, his conduct might be characterized as courageous and commendable. An institution supported by the bounty of the state should be above suspicion in the respect complained of, and its inmates could ill afford to remain silent if reasonably convinced that it was being used to harbor the mistress -of a member of tbe governing body of tbe corporation. Such reprehensible conduct was likely to be discovered sooner or later, and when discovered might well react upon the institution itself, the maintenance of which is a matter of moment to those being cared for. So much is said by way of preface, lest what follows might be erroneously construed as intimating that members of the Wisconsin Veterans’ Home must hold ■their peace on penalty of discharge when it is their duty to speak.

It is apparent from the record that before plaintiff attended the encampment of the Grand Army of the Bepublic at Mari-nette in June, 1906, he had heard rumors to the effect that illicit relations were being maintained between Mr. James and Mrs. White, but that he had no actual knowledge that such relations existed, and had nothing more substantial upon which to base his subsequent statements than the floating gos•sip of idle tongues. He industriously circulated such rumors among the delegates attending the encampment. While ho denies, in a way, that he did more than to report the rumors he had heard, the evidence is overwhelming and convincing that he stated as a matter of fact that Mr. James and Mrs. White were guilty and that he could prove his statement by .an abundance of witnesses if the opportunity were only afforded him. At the close of the encampment at Marinette he wrote to T. J. Jeffers, an inmate of the Home, that he was •satisfied that the rumor he testified he had circulated was “idle camp talk” indulged in “for the purpose of injuring Mrs. W., and that more than anything else,” and that he “was dragged into it by a person” he believed he could depend upon as his friend. At the meeting of the board of trustees of the Home in July, 1906, he was called before it, but the evidence is unsatisfactory as to what took place. Ho full record of •the proceedings was preserved, and there is dispute and confusion in the evidence as to what transpired. It does appear .that the plaintiff was admonished to discontinue further gossip, and was told that were it not for his age and physical and mental condition.he would be dishonorably discharged. This leniency evidently induced the belief in his mind that the board was afraid to discharge him, and he apparently continued to bruit the rumors he had been cautioned to desist from circulating. When given an opportunity at the September meeting to make good his accusations, he utterly failed to produce any proof that would justify him in persisting in-making his charges.

Considering the age, the condition, and the infirmities of' the inmates of this Home, it is to be expected that they will be treated with consideration and forbearance. Fault-finding is often a characteristic, if not a prerogative, of the aged and the infirm, and so long as it is not productive of harm it may well be treated as innocuous. But in an institution of this kind, usually containing 600 or 700 inmates, it is self-evident that some discipline must be maintained and that some wholesome restraint must be placed upon the anile tendency of the inmates to garrulity when it means detriment to-the institution itself as well as irreparable injury to others. The fault of the plaintiff here was no idle maundering or mere peccadillo, and could not be overlooked by any self-respecting institution.

The defendant is an eleemosynary corporation organized under the laws of Wisconsin. Corporations organized for purposes akin to that for which defendant was organized have-the right to prescribe reasonable rules governing the admission of inmates and also have the right to prescribe like rules-pertaining to their discharge. Sec. 1785, Stats. (1898), provides that as to such corporations “the proper officers designated by the by-laws may, in their discretion, at any time discharge any such inmate when, in their judgment, it shall be-for his interests or the interests of the corporation.” The trustees were acting within their statutory powers and in accordance with their by-laws, rules, and regulations in making: tbe discharge. They seem to have proceeded regularly and without undue haste in making it, and the circuit court was right in directing a verdict for the defendant. The board was warranted in believing that the conduct of the plaintiff was reprehensible, and that the welfare of the institution demanded that he sever his connection with it.

Mr. James did not vote upon the resolution to discharge the plaintiff, and was not present when it was passed. There-was no sufficient showing made to disqualify the other members of the board of trustees from acting because of interest or bias. State ex rel. Starkweather v. Superior, 90 Wis. 612, 64 N. W. 304; State ex rel. Cook v. Houser, 122 Wis. 534, 100 N. W. 964.

An order was made in the action requiring the plaintiff to give security for costs, which was complied with. It is. urged that the order is erroneous. No exception was taken thereto. No exception need be taken to an order that is properly a part of the judgment roll. Sec. 2872, Stats. (1898). All orders and papers in any way involving the-merits, au,d necessarily affecting the judgment, are properly a part of the judgment roll. Sec. 2898, Stats. (1898). On an appeal from a judgment, any intermediate order which involves the merits, and necessarily affects the judgment,, appearing upon the record transmitted, may be reviewed without exception. Sec. 3070, Stats. (1898). It is difficult to see how the order in question either involved the merits of the action or affected the judgment rendered therein, and if it did not it can be reviewed only on exception being-taken thereto. Donkle v. Milem, 88 Wis. 33, 59 N. W. 586. Had the plaintiff been unable to furnish the required security and had a judgment been entered dismissing his action for-that reason, an entirely different question would be presented. The fact that the plaintiff was able to furnish the required: security makes it self-evident that there was no abuse of discretion on the part of the trial court in making the order, and in tbe absence of sucb abuse tbe order should not be reversed. Simanek v. Nemetz, 120 Wis. 42, 97 N. W. 508; Colbeth v. Colbeth, 117 Wis. 90, 93 N. W. 829; Cullen v. Hanisch, 114 Wis. 24, 89 N. W. 900; Joint School Dist. v. Kemen, 72 Wis. 179, 39 N. W. 131; Heeron v. Beckwith, 1 Wis. 17.

Some other questions are treated in tbe briefs, but tbe ■conclusion we have reached renders discussion of them unnecessary.

By the Court. — Judgment affirmed.  