
    Cadwell v. Cadwell.
    
      Divorce and alimony — Res adjudicata — Prior refusal of alimony to wife — Not bar to subsequent allowance, when.
    
    Where, in prior actions in another jurisdiction in this state, the courts have held, in suits between the same parties for divorce and alimony, that the separation of the parties was caused by the fault of the wife, but she had not been guilty of wilful absence for three years, nor of gross negicct of duty, nor extreme cruelty, and have adjudged that the husband should make a fixed monthly payment for the support of the children, but refused an allowance of alimony to the wife, such adjudications are final and conclusive as to conditions then existing, but do not preclude an allowance of alimony on grounds subsequently arising.
    (Decided July 7, 1913.)
    Appeal : Court of Appeals for Lucas county.
    Richards, J.; Kinkade and Chittenden, JJ., concurring.
   This is an action brought by the plaintiff, Llerma M. Cadwell, against her husband, Frank W. Cad-well, for the purpose of securing an allowance of alimony. The parties to this action have .had a great deal of litigation in the courts of Cuyahoga county over their marital troubles, two actions for divorce having been brought in that county by the husband and divorce refused in each case. The first of these actions resulted in an allowance of alimony to the wife, from which allowance the husband appealed to the circuit court, which latter court, on a 'hearing of the case, in a decree rendered December 16, 1911, refused the wife alimony but gave her the custody of the two children of the parties and ordered the husband to pay to her for the support of the children $30 on the first day of each month. The prayer for alimony was, by the circuit court, specifically denied.

It appears from the evidence in this case that Mrs. Cadwell resided up to the time of her marriage to the defendant, which occurred on June IS, 1898, in this county and that after their marriage they resided in the city of Cleveland, which city had always been the home of the husband. In the year 1909, she left him, taking the two children, and came to live with her parents in Lucas county, and has continued to reside here from that time. Certain matters must be considered to have been adjudicated between these parties and not now open to further discussion or consideration. We must take it for granted, as held by the circuit court in Cuyahoga county, that the separation of the'parlies in the year 1909 was occasioned not because of habitual drunkenness of the husband, as was claimed by the wife, but by an ill-grounded jealousy on her part, and that, as held in the decision of that cotrt, the evidence was not such as required her to leave him permanently. In the second divorce case brought by the husband, after the decision of the circuit court to which reference has just been made, the common pleas court held, in a decision rendered May 24, 1913, that she had not been guilty of wilful absence from her husband for three years nor of gross neglect of duty or extreme cruelty toward him. These matters, so adjudicated by the courts in that countv. will not be opened up for further examination by this court.

The plaintiff in her petition for alimony in this county avers that her husband has been guilty of gross neglect of duty in failing to provide for her since the decision rendered by the circuit court and since her offer to return and live with him and her ineffectual attempt to bring about a reconciliation between them. It is insisted by counsel for Mr. Cadwell that this court has no jurisdiction to allow alimony to the wife because of the decree rendered in the circuit court in Cuyahoga county. That court, after clearly recognizing the distinction existing between alimony on the one hand and an allowance for the support of the children on the other, as already stated, specifically refused alimony under the facts then existing. Mrs. Cadwell was then claiming alimony by reason of the alleged habitual drunkenness of her husband, and the court found that the drunkenness was not of such frequency as to be habitual, and therefore and for that reason refused to allow her any alimony. Her present claim is based upon occurrences since the date of that decision. It is not the law that the former decision is such an adjudication that no cause for the allowance could thereafter arise. The allowance which was made by that court for the support of the children is in no sense of the word a provision for her by way of alimony.

We call attention to Pretzinger v. Pretzinger, 45 Ohio St., 452, 459, where the distinction is clearly-pointed out by the supreme court.

Our supreme court in Fickel et al. v. Granger, 83 Ohio St., 101, 106, says that “Alimony is an allowance for support, which is made upon considerations of equity and public policy. * * * It is based upon the obligation, * * * that the husband must support his wife.” We are then at liberty to determine the claim of the wife to alimony in this case and render such decree as the facts may justify, unhampered by the refusal of the circuit court in Cuyahoga county to allow her alimony on the facts existing at and prior to the time of the decision in that court, in December, 1911.

The evidence tends to show that subsequent to said decision she, in good faith, sought a reconciliation with her husband and offered to return and live with- him and resume their marital relations. The husband strenuously insists that such offer was not made in good faith but only for the purpose of enabling her to secure a portion of his property. When asked on the witness stand to state what would satisfy him that she was acting in good faith in making her offer, he was unable to state, or at least failed to state, what would be sufficient.

We are not willing to concede that his determina- • tion that she was acting from a mercenary motive and not in good faith is final. On the contrary, her motives are to be determined by the court in which her action is pending. If his arbitrary conclusion that her offer to return was not in good faith should be binding and should be persisted in by him, then the fact that she left him originally for an insufficient cause would always prevent her from obtaining- that support and maintenance to which a wife is entitled.

It may be noted in passing that it appears from the evidence that the husband offered, before the trial in the circuit court of Cuyahoga county, to take the wife back to his home, and expressed a willingness to become reconciled and that they should thereafter live together as husband and. wife. She insists that .this offer so made by the husband was not in good faith but for the purpose of preventing her obtaining an allowance of alimony in the case then pending, and she urges that his subsequent refusal to accept her offer to return is confirmation of her view that his own offer was not made in good faith.

The rule governing the rights of the parties under the circumstances existing in this case seems to be clearly and concisely stated in 9 Am. & Eng. Ency. Law (2 ed.), 775:

“Where the parties have separated by consent or one has left without justifiable cause, if one party seeks reconciliation and offers to return, the party declining the offer is not entitled to relief, but in law becomes a deserter.”

We find that from the time of her offer to return, made since the circuit court decision in Cuyahoga county, the defendant hss been guilty of gross neglect of duty and that the nlaintiff is entitled to an allowance of alimony for her support.

The evidence shows that the defendant is the owner of certain real estate in the city of Cleveland, described in the petition and having a rental value of $80 to $100 per month, and that he is in receipt of a salary of $80 per month. He is now paying to the plaintiff for the support of the children $30 per month, which we assume will be continued. We allow her as alimony for her own support the sum of $40 per month, payable $40 cash and a like payment on the first day of each month,-and we adjudge the costs against him, including an attorney’s fee of $100 to her counsel for services in this case.

Messrs. Marshall & Fraser and Mr. Berkeley Pearce, for plaintiff.

Mr. Richard H. Lee, for defendant.

In view of the ‘contention that her attempted reconciliation and offer to return have not been made in' good faith, this court expressly retains control and jurisdiction over this case with the right to make such modification in the allowance of alimony as the subsequent conduct of the parties or changed conditions may render necessary.

Decree for plaintiff.  