
    Delaware, L. & W. R. Co. v. City of Buffalo et al.
    
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department.
    
    October 21, 1892.)
    Cities—Control of Streets—Railroad Crossings—Removal.
    Where a city assents to the overhead crossing of a railroad on one of its streets, subject to approval of the city’s engineer, but afterwards, at the instance of the engineer, demands a modification of the crossing, and the railroad builds in compliance with such demand, the crossing cannot then be removed on the ground that the city had no authority to authorize it, or, if it had, that such authority had been rescinded by the resolutions demanding modification of the crossing, since, under the general railroad act, (Laws 1850, c. 140, sub. 5, § 28,) authorizing the construction of a railroad across any street, although not without assent of the city, and on condition that it restore the street to its former state, orto such state as not unnecessarily to impair its usefulness, the right to a crossing is derived, not from the-city, but from the legislature, and, having become absolute by assent, cannot be revoked by any authority short of that by which it was conferred.
    Appeal from special term, Erie county.
    Action by the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Company against, the city of Buffalo and Henry Quinn for an injunction. From a judgment of the special term dismissing the complaint and vacating an injunction pendentelite, plaintiff appeals. Reversed.
    Argued before Dwight, P. J., and Macomber and Lewis, JJ.
    
      J. G. Milburn, for appellant. W. F. Mackey, for respondents.
   Dwight, P. J.

The action was to restrain the defendants from removing an abutment and a pier of the bridge which carried the tracks of the plaintiff’s railroad across Main street in the northern part of the city of Buffalo, otherwise spoken of in the case as North Buffalo and Buffalo Plains. The road was located and constructed in the years 1880-1882, by the New York, Lackawanna & Western Railway Company, a corporation duly organized under the general railroad act of this state, and in 1882 was leased by that, company to the plaintiff, which has ever since been in possession of and operating the same. In October, 1881, the plaintiff’s lessor obtained the assent of the city of Buffalo, by resolution of the common council thereof, duly adopted and approved, to the construction of its road on its located route across many streets of the city, which are named in the resolution, including Main street. The resolution provided, among other things, that the crossing of Main street should be by bridge, leaving a clear roadway underneath of not less than 12 feet in height and 28 feet wide in the clear. It also contained the provision that all crossings should be built subject to the approval of the city engineer. Under the consent thus given, the plaintiff’s lessor was, in December, 1881, proceeding to construct its crossing over Main street, when the city engineer objected that the minimum width of 28 feet of roadway permitted by the resolution of the common council was not sufficient to accommodate the travel on the street, and he communicated his objection to the engineer of the railroad company and to the common council of the city. Thereupon'the common council, by resolution of December 12,1881, instructed the city engineer “to notify the company that they must put a span at'that point of not less that 66 feet wide, ” and on the 16th day of January, 1882, resolved “that this council will not receive, entertain, or act upon any petition or request of said railroad company until the agents of said company pledge themselves to cross Main street at Buffalo Plains with a span of the full width of the street. ” These resolutions were communicated to the engineer and other officials of the railroad company, and thereafter, in January, 1882, a conference was held between various officials of the city and of the railroad company, respectively, including the engineers of both. At that conference it was proposed on the part of the city, and either by or with the assent of the city engineer, that (in the language of the finding) “the company should modify its plans for such crossing so that the same' should be constructed as it was afterwards actually constructed, * ' * * and that said railway did thereupon proceed to construct such crossing in accordance with the plans ao modified, with the approval of the city engineer. ” The court also made a separate finding as follows: “That the said crossing over Main street was so located and constructed with the approval of the city engineer of such city.” Main street, at the point of the crossing in question, is 99 feet wide. The actual construction of the bridge, according to the modified plans adopted as above mentioned, embraced a pier 7 feet thick, of which the west face is 22 feet inside of the easterly line of the street, and an abutment, backed by a solid embankment, the east face of which is 34 feet inside of the westerly line of the street. This left two openings for roadway and sidewalk, respectively; one of 44 feet, and the other of 15 feet, in width.

It was upon findings which embraced the foregoing facts that the learned court at special term based its conclusions of law, which resulted in the dismissal of the plaintiff’s complaint, to the effect (1) that the common council of Buffalo had no authority, under its charter, to grant permission to the plaintiff or its lessor to erect or maintain the abutment and pier or any other permanent structures in Main street, upon which it might erect a bridge; and (2) that such permission as was granted to plaintiff’s lessor by resolution of October 10, 1881, was rescinded by the resolutions above mentioned of Decernbér 12,1881, and January 16,1882. We do not think that either of these conclusions of law is well founded. It is the first of them to which the argument of the opinion below is chiefly addressed, and which is mainly relied upon by counsel for the respondent in support of the judgment. Both of „ these, arguments seem to proceed upon the assumption that the power to authorize the crossing of the streets of a city by the tracks of a railroad rests with the municipality itself;"that the right to make such a crossing is conferred by the city, and that the railroad company can acquire no greater right than the city can confer. But this is not the ease. It is the legislature alone that has the power to confer such rights in the streets of cities, as in the other highways of the state; and over them, so far as public rights alone are concerned, the control of the legislature is supreme. People v. Kerr, 27 N. Y. 188; Story v. Railroad Co., 90 N. Y. 122. Accordingly the right to construct its road across any city street which the route of its road may intersect is conferred by the general railroad act upon every railroad company duly erganized under its provisions. The provisión in question is as follows: “Every corporation formed under this act shall * * ■ * have power to construct their road across * * * any * * * stree,t * * * which the route of its road shall intersect; * * * but the company shall restore the * * * street * * * thus intersected * * * to its former state, or to such state as not unnecessarily to have impaired its usefulness. " * * * Mothing in this act contained shall be construed to authorize * * * the construction of any railroad not already located * * * across any street in any city without the assent of the corporation of such city.” Laws 1850, c. 140, § 28, sub. 5. There was also in the special act of 1870 for the revision of the charter of Buffalo pro vision for the mode in which the above-mentioned assent of the corporation should be given, as follows: “The common council, by a vote of two thirds of all its members elected, may permit the track of a railroad to be laid in, along, or across any street or public ground.”

Thus it appears that the plaintiff’s lessor did not derive its right to cross Main street with its tracks from the city of ¡Buffalo, but from the state of Mew York, and that it took this right subject only to the condition of obtaining the assent of the city of Buffalo by the vote of two thirds of its common council, and to'the duty of restoring the street to a state of usefulness not unnecessarily impaired. In the cases where the rule has been so strongly enforced that a municipality has no authority to create or permit a permanent obstruction to the use of it's streets or highways, there will be found to have been an absence of legislation conferring such authority. Such are the numerous cases, of which Callanan v. Gilman, 107 N. Y. 365, 14 N. E. Rep. 264, and Cohen v. Mayor, 113 N. Y. 532, 21 N. E. Rep. 700, are late and prominent examples, in which it has been held that a municipality has no authority to create or permit a nuisance, and that any permanent or habitual obstruction of a public street is a public nuisance. But no one will contend that any obstruction to a highway authorized by the legislature is a nuisance, nor that the legislature may not authorize such obstruction, where no private interest is invaded, even to the extent of compelling the discontinuance of the use of the highway as such. People v. Kerr, supra. These considerations are important as bearing upon both of the conclusions of law upon which, as we have seen, the judgment of the special term was based; because—First, the right, being conferred by act of the legislature, is subject to no limitations exóept those prescribed by that act; and, second, being"conferred, so far as the city is concerned, only on condition of the consentof the common council, it became absolute when that consent was given, and was not subject to revocation by any authority short of that by which it was conferred. The legislature confers the right subject to the assent of the city. That assent being obtained, the right becomes an absolute one, conferred by the legislature, and not by the city, and it cannot he revoked by any act of the latter.

■ But, further, the language of the provision of the general railroad act, which prescribes the manner in which the right shall be exercised, necessarily implies that the public use of the highway crossed may be to some extent obstructed, and its usefulness to some extent impaired. The requirement is that the street shall b"e restored to its former state, “or to such state as not unnecessarily to have impaired its usefulness.” It is not, therefore, every obstruction to the easement of the local public in the street by the construction of a railroad across it which becomes, ipso facto, a public nuisance, but only such an obstruction as is unnecessary to the exercise of the more important easement of the general public in the railroad to be constructed. People v. New York Cent. & H. R. R. Co., 74 N. Y. 302; People v. New York, N. H. & H. R. R. Co., 89 N. Y. 266; Post v. Railroad Co., 123 N. Y. 580, 26 N. E. Rep. 7. As we have seen from the findings of the court at special term, the consent of the city was originally given to the construction of the crossing in question by a. bridge leaving a clear roadway beneath it of not less than 28 feet in width, by a resolution of the common council, which further prescribed that the crossing should be built subject to the approval of the city engineer. This officer having objected that the proposed width of roadway of 28 feet was insufficient, the common council adopted two other resolutions which, while not purporting to revoke the consent already given, successively proposed two other plans for the construction of the bridge. But it was subsequent to the adoption of both of these resolutions that the plan actually and finally employed was agreed upon between the officers of the railroad company and “the city engineer and the street committee of the common council of Buffalo,” upon which plan the construction of the bridge was actually proceeded with and completed as it stands to day; and the court expressly finds that this construction of the bridge was with the approval of the city engineer. We think the only question of fact which was open for litigation in this case was whether the bridge as constructed did unnecessarily impair the usefulness of the highway over which it passed. That question was not foreclosed by the consent of the common council. The two requirements of the statute are independent of each other. There must be not only the consent of the city to a crossing, but a construction of the crossing in such manner as not unnecessarily to impair the usefulness of the highway. This question was not tried, and there was no finding on the subject. We think there was error in the conclusions of law at special term for which the judgment of that court should be reversed, and a new trial granted.

Judgment reversed, and a new trial granted, with costs of this appeal to abide the final award of costs. All concur.  