
    Gilbert C. Davidson, Appellant, v. Charles J. Buchanan, Individually and as Sole Surviving Executor, etc., of John McB. Davidson, Deceased, and Others, Defendants, Impleaded with Geisha Realty Company and Louis M. Simson, Respondents.
    First Department,
    November 6, 1914.
    Fraud — sufficiency of complaint in action to set aside decrees of Surrogate’s Court and to annul transfer by executors to widow, and a conveyance and assignment by the latter — improper joinder of causes of action.
    A complaint in an action by a legatee and devisee to set aside decrees of the Surrogate’s Court, judicially settling the accounts of executors and trustees, and to cancel and annul a déed and an assignment of a lease made by the executors to the widow, and a conveyance and an assignment by her, which alleges that the defendants, who acquired title through the widow or her daughter, relied upon the record title, but does not charge that they took the conveyance fraudulently or without consideration, or that they in any manner participated in the fraud and conspiracy alleged to have actuated the executor and the widow, fails to state a cause of action.
    The cause of action to have the decrees of the Surrogate’s Court set aside cannot be joined with the cause of action to cancel and annul the deed and assignment by the executors to the widow.
    Appeal by the plaintiff, Gilbert C. Davidson, from, an interlocutory judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the respondents, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 15th day of May, 1914, upon the decision of the court, rendered after a trial at the New York'Special Term, sustaining separate demurrers by the defendants Geisha Realty Company and Louis M. Simson to the amended complaint.
    
      John Brooks Leavitt [Irving G. Vann and Taylor More with him on the brief], for the appellant.
    
      Sol. Kohn [Henry M. Bellinger, Jr., with him on the brief], for the respondents.
   Laughlin, J.:

The grounds of the demurrers are that the amended complaint fails to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, and that causes of action have been improperly united.

The plaintiff is a legatee and devisee under the will of John McB. Davidson. He brings this action to set aside decrees of the Surrogate’s Court judicially settling the accounts of the executors and trustees under the will, and to require them to account anew, and to cancel and annul a deed and an assignment of a lease made by the executors to the widow of the testator, and a conveyance and an assignment by her of a one-half interest therein to her daughter, and for other relief.

The plaintiff alleges that the respondents and others “ claim to have various interests as lessees, assignees, mortgagees or grantees in” the premises so alleged to have been conveyed by, and in the lease so alleged to have been assigned by, the executors, and that they claim to have acquired their interests “on the faith” of the record title of said widow and her daughter, and that the validity of their claims “ depends upon whether such claimants parted with value on good faith and without notice;” and further alleges that they “had full notice of this plaintiff’s rights and interests and of the rights and interests of the other legatees ” under the third clause of the will of the testator, “and charges that they acted in bad faith in acquiring their respective interests in said properties.” In the statement required by rule 41 of the General Buies of Practice, the plaintiff states that said respondents were joined as parties defendant by an order on the 30th day of April, 1913. The order, however, is not in the record, and there is nothing to sustain the appellant’s contention that they were joined by consent; and their counsel contend that the order was entered on an ex parte application. For the purposes of this appeal it must be assumed that they are not voluntary parties to the action and, therefore, they are in no manner estopped from questioning the sufficiency of the complaint.

If the respondents acquired title to or an interest in the premises through the widow or her daughter, or both, they are necessary parties to an action to set aside a conveyance of the land and an assignment of the lease (Cook v. Lake, 50 App. Div. 92); and it was incumbent on the plaintiff to allege facts entitling him to have the conveyance or assignment to them set aside, as by showing that they took the same fraudulently or without consideration. The only allegations in the complaint relating to this point are those herein set forth, and it is manifest that they are insufficient. The plaintiff, in effect, alleges that they claim to have acquired their right, title or interest, relying upon the record title; but he does not charge that they did not part with consideration, or that they in any manner participated in the fraud, or had knowledge of the fraud and conspiracy which he alleges actuated the defendant executor and the widow. The mere fact, as alleged, that they had notice of the plaintiff’s rights and interests under the will does not charge them with notice of the fraudulent acts of which.he complains. The bald charge that they acted in bad faith in acquiring title is not a statement of fact. (Knowles v. City of New York, 176 N. Y. 430.) Thus it appears that no cause of action is alleged against the respondents.

The other ground of the demurrers was equally well taken, for the plaintiff may be entitled to have the decrees of the Surrogate’s Court set aside, and not be entitled to have the deed and assignment from the executors set aside. The evidence on those issues will necessarily -be different. The executors obtained their authority to sell from the will, and not from the surrogate’s decrees. Therefore, there is an improper joinder of causes of action.

It follows, therefore, that the interlocutory judgment should be affirmed, with costs.

Ingraham, P. J., Scott, Dowling and Hotchkiss, JJ., concurred.

Interlocutory judgment affirmed, with costs.  