
    Vanderpoel v. Van Valkenburgh et al.
    
    
      Conclusiveness of surrogate’s decree. — Parties to receiver’s bill.
    
    The decree of a surrogate, admitting a will to probate, is conclusive, as to the personalty, in a collateral proceeding, though it have but a single subscribing witness.
    
    The judgment-debtor is a necessary party to a bill by the receiver of his estate, to reach his equitable interest in a fund held in trust for him.
    Appeal from the general term of the Supreme Court, in the third district, where a decree, made upon a receiver’s bill, had been vacated, on a rehearing, and the plaintiff’s bill dismissed, with costs.
    This was a receiver’s bill, filed in the late court of chancery, to subject the equitable interest of William P. Van Alstyne, a judgment-debtor, in a mortgage of $2000, given by Abraham P. Van Alstyne, one of the defendants, to John J. Van Valkenburgh, the other defendant, in trust for the said William P. Van Alstyne, to the payment of certain judgments obtained against him. Van Burén and Garner having obtained judgments against William P. Van Alstyne, and executions thereon having been returned unsatisfied, filed a creditors’ bill to reach * 191 1 e(lu^a^e assets) *wherein one Trimper was J appointed receiver, to whom the judgment-debtor executed an assignment of all his estate, real and personal, things in action, equitable interests and effects, without any reservation. Trimper commenced this suit, but died after decree at special term, and the present plaintiff was appointed receiver and substituted as plaintiff in the cause.
    
      In November 1837, Angelica Van Alstyne, the mother of Abraham P. Van Alstyne and of William ■ P. Van Alstyne, the judgment-debtor, being possessed of an estate of $6000 or $7000 in money, and other personal property, made her last will and testament, whereby, after certain specific bequests, she gave the residue of hei estate to her said two sons, to be equally divided between them, and directed the sum of $1000 (with power to the executor to increase the same to $1500 or $2000) to be put at interest by the executor, John J. Van Valken-burgh, on bond and mortgage, the interest to be paid annually, by the executor, to her son, William, “during his natural lifetime, for his comfortable support and maintenance,” and at his decease, the principal to go to his lawful heirs or children, if any should survive him, and if none, then to his brother Abraham, his heirs and assigns. The executor was also empowered to pay the principal sum to William, at any time, if, in his judgment, it would be wise and prudent to do so. The will was duly executed by the testatrix, but in the presence only of a single subscribing witness.
    
    After the decease of the testatrix, in August 1838, the will was presented for probate to the surrogate of Columbia county, who, after citation to the heirs and next of kin, *and on their consent in writing that it might be admitted to probate and recorded as a L will of personal estate, and the testimony of the single subscribing witness, made a decree, declaring the will to be valid, and its execution sufficiently provedand thereupon, letters testamentary were issued to the defendant Van Valkenburgh.
    On the 1st April 1839, the executor, Van Valkenburgh, in the exercise of the discretion vested in him by the testatrix, loaned to Abraham P. Van Alstyne, the sum of $2000 of William’s share of the estate; and received, as security therefor, the bond and mortgage in question. It was agreed, that William should reside in his brother’s family, and that his support should balance the interest on the mortgage.
    The complainant insisted, that the will, notwithstanding the decree of the surrogate, was void, and that the money invested was the absolute property of William. The bill prayed that the will might be declared void; the complainant’s right to the bond and' mortgage established ; and that the sum or the proceeds thereof might be paid over to him in- satisfaction of the judgments of Van Burén and Garner. The defendants contended, that the decree of the surrogate was conclusive, except on a direct appeal therefrom; or, if it were not, that Mrs. Van Alstyne died intestate, and an administrator of her estate was a necessary party to this suit; that William P. Van Alstyne was also a necessary party; and that if the complainant was entitled to any relief, his remedy was at law, and not in equity. They also denied the jurisdiction of a court of equity to declare the invalidity of the will, on the grounds set forth in the bill.
    ' *The cause was heard on the pleadings and -* proofs, at special term, and the court (Watson, J.) made a decree granting the relief prayed for; on a rehearing at general term, however, this decree was vacated, and the bill dismissed with costs; whereupon, the plaintiff took this appeal.
    
      Hogeboom, for the appellant.
    
      Reynolds, for the respondents.
    
      
       Wetmore v. Parker, 52 N. Y. 450.
    
   *Gardiner, J.

— The judgment of the surro- -■ gate, in admitting the will in this case (which relates only to personal property) to probate, is the decision of a court of competent and exclusive jurisdiction, which cannot be impeached collaterally. (2 R. S. 61, § 29; 7 Paige 397; 3 Barb. Oh. 481.) The 29th section of the statute (2 R., S. 61) declaring the probate of wills of personal property conclusive, does not necessarily conflict with the 18th section of the act of 1837, which makes the 15th section of the revised statutes, in relation to wills of real estate, applicable to wills of personal property. The section last mentioned provides, that wills proved according to the previous provisions of the act, shall have a certificate indorsed thereon, signed by the surrogate, and attested by his seal- of office, and may be read in evidence, without any further proof thereof.” *“ The record of such will, made as aforesaid, and the exemplification of such record by the L surrogate in whose custody the same may be, shall be received in evidence, and shall be as effectual, in all cases, as the original will would be, if produced and proved, and may, in like manner, be repelled by contrary proof.” The object of the provision was, to make the certificate of the surrogate, and the record of the will or an exemplification, prima facie evidence. The legislature have accordingly declared that such shall be their effect; and have placed them upon the same footing as the records and exemplifications of deeds. (3 Johns.. Gas. 236; Revisers’ Notes to § 15, 3 R. S. 629.)

But the probate of a will, by which is meant the evidence, jurisdictional and otherwise, presented to the court, together with the judicial determination of the surrogate upon that evidence,- is, as to personal property, conclusive, notwithstanding. It is in the nature of a proceeding in rem; to which all persons having an interest in the subject of litigation may make themselves parties, and are consequently bound by the decree. (4 Paige 623.)

II. If the will should be avoided, on account of its defective execution, the trust-fund established by Mrs. Van Alstyne for her son, would fall into the mass of her property, to be distributed in the due course of administration, under the supervision of the surrogate. Here, no administrator has been appointed, and the complainants, as judgment-creditors, have no right to enforce a distribution, where the estate is not represented. (3 Barb. Oh. 479.)

III. In any view of-the case,-whether the trust is sustained or avoided, William P. Van Alstyne is a necessary party, either as cestui que trust, or as one entitled to a distributive share of his mother’s estate. This objection is distinctly made in the answer, and the defendants may, consequently, avail themselves of it, with the same effect as though they had demurred to the bill for that cause.

For the reasons suggested, without adverting to other * 200 1 9-ues^ons *ma-de upon the argument, the decree -1 of the supreme‘court should be affirmed.

Edmonds, J.

(Dissenting.) — It was conceded in the court below, both at general and special term, that the decision of the surrogate admitting the will to probate was not conclusive. This was correct, for the act of 1837, controlling the revised statutes in that respect, and removing all doubts, if there were any, allows the probate of a will of personal, as well as of real estate, to be repelled by contrary proof. But the doubt which rested in the mind of the general term, and which produced its decision, was, whether it is competent for this court to pass on the validity of a will of personal estate, or rather, whether it is competent for this court to entertain jurisdiction of a bill filed for that purpose ?

And it seems to me, that the error was in supposing’ the bill filed for that purpose. The object of the bill was, to reach a fund held in trust for the- debtor, the legal title to which was in Van Valkenburgh, but the beneficial interest in the debtor, either absolutely ás heir,-or for life, if held under the devise in the will. In one capacity or • the other, he certainly had an interest, and the complainant in this suit, as receiver, filed his bill to reach that interest. If that, interest should-be conceded on all hands to be merely for life, and only as devisee, still this suit was properly brought to reach it in the hands of the trustee. In such case, the questions might arise, whether it was a trust-fund which, under the statute, was exempt from the operation of a creditor’s bill; and whether, if it was, the claim to its exemption did not belong solely to the debtor, and whether, by the nature of the assignment which he executed, he did not relinquish the exemption? If, on the other hand, it was claimed, that the fund belonged absolutely to the debtor, and that he was seised by inheritance, and not by devise, because the will was void, the question *would necessarily arise, whether the will was ^ ^ inoperative or otherwise. L

In both aspects, it was necessary for the receiver to file his bill to reach the trust-fund; and his right to do so could not be impaired, by the fact that the other questions arose incidentally in the action. The court were, therefore, wrong, in dismissing the bill, unless the debtor had no interest in the trust-fund which the creditor could reach.

If the debtor’s interest was merely a life-estate, founded on the devise, still, I see no good reason, why it should not be subject to the plaintiff’s claim in this suit. In the first place, he had voluntarily relinquished the exemption which the statute gave him, and he had a right to do so. It was property exempt from liability to an equitable execution; he had a perfect right to waive the exemption, for it was a privilege personal to himself. And having done so, it is, in the next place, no concern of these defendants; the privilege belonged to him, not to them, and their cpnsent was in no respect necessary to enable him to make a valid waiver of it. With all that, they have nothing to do, and it is not competent for them to set up the defence, except simply for the purpose of inquiring whether there are parties enough to this suit, to enable them to be protected by the decree that may be made in it. That question I will hereafter consider. It is enough for me now to say, that the debtor’s interest, whatever it was, was not protected by the statute from the receiver’s claim, because that protection was personal to him and he has waived it, as he had a right to do.

But I am of opinion, that the debtor has something more than a mere life-estate in the trust-fund. The will was. confessedly inoperative and void, and the grant of letters testamentary upon it was in fraud of the law. Still, it is claimed by the defendants, that the admission of the will to probate by the surrogate, was an adjudica- * 202 1 ^°n ^ a cour* *°f competent jurisdiction in -* favor of the validity of the will, and its validity cannot now and in this suit be questioned.

The rule is well established, that the decision of a court of competent jurisdiction upon the same question, is binding and conclusive upon the parties to it and those claiming under them. And the question here is, whether the admission of this will to probate, was a decision that it was valid for all purposes. Upon this point, the ruling of the supreme court, at the special term, was, in my view, correct. The act of 1837 does, by necessary implication, control the provision of the. revised statutes, as to wills of personal estate, and leaves such wills open to be contested in an action at law, It is, in this suit, contested, and its validity is here most satisfactorily repelled by contrary proof. (Laws of 1837 c. 460, § 18; 2 R. S. 58, § 11.) The effect of these pro visions is, to remove the question of the validity of such a will from the operation of the- rule, and to limit the conclusiveness of the decision of the surrogate, admitting it to probate, to the simple question, whether letters testamentary or of administration shall be granted.

These considerations then lead us to this result, that the will is absolutely void; that William Van Alstyne’s interest in the trust-fund is not merely a life-estate, held under and conferred by the will; that his interest, whatever it may be, is that of next of kin and by inheritance; that being held in trust for him, it is competent for a party having a valid claim to it, to seek the aid of this court to remove the incumbrance of that trust or to enforce its execution.

It only remains to inquire, whether there are parties enough to this suit to make a valid decree. The grant of letters testamentary to Van Valkenburgh was valid and binding upon all parties, until revoked, or the order granting them was reversed; and his acts under them were consequently valid. In due course of administration, he divided the assets among the parties lawfully entitled to them, and in doing so, he set apart this $2000, as belonging to William P. Van Alstyne; he loaned it as William’s share, and Abraham received it as such, *and to secure its payment, gave his bond and „ .... g mortgage. By these acts, both these defendants *- are estopped from setting up that any other person is entitled to it, and from denying that it belongs to him, as against any administrator of the decedent’s estate. It is not, therefore, competent for them to set up the absence of such administration, as the want of a necessary party. Nor is William P. Van Alstyne a necessary party, for all his interest in the fund has been absolutely conveyed to this plaintiff. If, upon receiving the fund into his hands, this plaintiff should have an excess, belonging to the debtor, that can well be disposed of in the other suit, and no direction in that regard is necessary here.

As to the interest on the mortgage, I think, the plaintiff has no claim. The agreement between the mortgagor and mortgagee on that subject was a valid one, and has been performed, and thereby the interest on the mortgage has been discharged by the support which has been afforded the cestui que trust. I am of opinion, that the decree of the supreme court dismissing the bill of complaint ought to be reversed, and instead of it, a decree entered declaring that William Van Alstyne is the absolute owner of the bond and mortgage and of the fund secured by it, and directing that it be assigned and delivered over to the plaintiff in this suit, in his capacity as receiver.

Decree affirmed.  