
    In the Matter of Florence Wright.
    
      (Surrogate's Court, New York County,
    
    
      Filed February 2, 1889.)
    
    1. General guardian—Father of infant—Accounting—Necessary expenses AFTER APPOINTMENT ALLOWED—BEFORE APPOINTMENT—WHEN ALLOWED.
    Where the father and general guardian of an infant expends money for the support of his infant daughter bei'ore his appointment as her guardian,, and also afterwards, and it shall be shown to the satisfaction of the surrogate that his means were not sufficient for the support of himself and the-child, and that he was justified in drawing on his ward’s estate for her support, in proceedings for the judicial settlement of his account, Held, (1) that he is to be allowed credit for such necessary expenses incurred', after his appointment as general guardian; (2) that as to the expenses incurred before his appointment as guardian, each case depends, in a great measure, upon its peculiar circumstances. The broad rule laid down in the earlier cases, that he was not to be allowed for such expenditures is now modified by the more liberal application of the rules of equity, and. in the case at bar the guardian is allowed therefor in his account.
    2. Same—Laches—Action of the court not affected by.
    It seems that mere loches on the part of the guardian in not making his application for his appointment as guardian sooner will not affect the action of the court.
    
      N. D. Ditmars, for guardian; Benjamin B. Wrighty special guardian.
   Ransom, S.

—This is an application by Charles S. Wright,, the father and general guardian of Florence Wright, for the judicial settlement of bis account, and the revocation of his letters. No objection is made to a decree for revocation. . The only questions arising are upon certain credits-claimed by the guardian. These may be divided into two-classes: (1) expenditures made on behalf of the infant-subsequent to his appointment; (2) expenditures made on behalf of the infant prior to his appointment.

To entitle him to credit for either of these classes of payments, it was essential that the guardian should show his-incapacity to support the infant (his daughter), and an order was made sending the matter before an assistant to-the surrogate to take testimony upon that subject, and: report it to the court. Such testimony has been taken, and to my mind fully establishes that his income was not sufficient for the support of himself and the child, and that he was justified in drawing on his ward’s estate.

This fact being proven, a question arises as to an allowance to the general guardian of such sums as were expended! by him prior to his appointment.

In the case of Clowes v. Van Antwerp (4 Barb., 418) it, was held that upon a settlement of the accounts of a gen-eral guardian, the surrogate is not authorized to make any allowance to such guardian for services rendered or expenses incurred by him previous to his appointment as guardian.

In Voessing v. Voessing (4 Redf., 360) the father of the infant died in 1870, leaving a widow and one child. In 1873 the widow was appointed guardian of the child, who had been maintained by her since the death of its father; The facts as to her inability to support her child were fully •established. It was held by Surrogate Coffin that “the guardian should be allowed not only for her maintenance of the ward during the time she acted as such, but also from the time of its father’s death, and that her encroachment on the fund having been, on the whole, for the welfare of the ward and necessary for its support, should be .sanctioned.”

This case was decided in 1880, and is the decision of a single judge. The case of Clowes v. Van Antwerp (supra) was decided in 1848, but is not referred to in the opinion of the learned surrogate.

In Hyland v. Baxter (98 N. Y., 610) the intestate died in 1862, leaving a widow and three minor children. No guardian was appointed for the children until 1872,.when one Zimmer was appointed. The children continued to live with their mother, who was a co-administrator of the intestate, and maintained them -for several years, the means being supplied by her co-administrator. These advances were set out in the account of her co-administrator, who claimed credit therefor. It was referred to an auditor, ■who reported that the distributive shares of the minors were expended by the administratrix in their maintenance, and under such circumstances that if she had been general guardian, the expenditure would have been allowed on her .accounting as such general guardian. But the auditor further reported that the administratrix had -no right, as -administratrix, to make such payment, and that the surrogate had no power, upon the accounting of the administrators, to allow them such credit on their account. The •surrogate adopted the conclusion of the auditor and, pending an appeal to the supreme court from his decree, this action was brought to have the amount so advanced applied in deduction of the sums adjudged against the administrators on account of the distributive shares of the children. The appeal from the surrogate’s decision was still pending and undetermined. The defendants succeeded in this action. The general term affirmed that decision, and, on appeal to the court of appeals, the court cited, approvingly, numerous cases upholding the power óf a court of -equity to make allowances out of the estate of infants for-past maintenance, and, while confirming the decision of the general term, dismissing the complaint, on the ground that the decision of the surrogate was res adjudicata, said, "“that the objection to the allowance of the sums necessarily expended for the support of the infant seems very inequitable.”

The Matter of Bostwick (4 Johns. Ch., 100) was an application of the mother of certain infants who had a life •estate in the property in which the children had the remainder, that part of the principal, which, after her death, would go to her children, might be applied towards their maintainance, and that the executors pay her the amount of a debt already incurred and an annual allowance out of the principal for the support of the children.

The application was granted in both respects, the court saying: “It would lead to great inconvenience [not to.do so] for, though the wants of an infant might be ever so pressing, • he could not receive any maintenance (charity excepted) without the expense of a suit and reference to a master.”

In view of these cases the thought at once strikes us'— and does so in this case—why did not' the general guardian, prior to making these expenditures, apply to a proper court for his appointment as guardian, or for the advancement of a sum of money for the purpose? This natural query is answered by the court of appeals in Hyland v. Baxter (supra): “The general principle has been applied in many cases that an allowance for past maintenance may be made to executors, trustees or guardians, upon an accounting, or upon petition, even when it requires a breaking in upon the capital, provided the expenditure for which reimbursement is sought would have been authorized by the court if an -application had been made in advance; ” thus establishing that mere loches will not affect the action of the court.

The latest case casting any light upon this point which I have been able to find is the Matter of Miller (34 Hun, 268). In this case the testatrix died in 1869, leaving a child. The will of testatrix contained a request that the executor should be the guardian of this child. The executor supported the infant from 1869 to 1883. In 1880 the executor was appointed guardian of the child. On his accounting in 1883 he credited himself with the expenses of the maintenance of the infant for ten years. It appeared that he had used the money in his -hands as executor for the support of the infant. The court said: “We think that, undoubtedly, in a proper case a guardian may be allowed for necessaries furnished to the infant before the guardian’s appointment,”

A singular fact is, that this is the first decision in which the case of Clowes v. Van Antwerp (supra), is referred to by the court. It was simply cited in the brief of the appellant in Hyland v. Baxter in the court of appeals, but was not commented upon by the court.

It will be perceived from this review-of some of the more-important cases touching this subject, that each case depends in & great measure upon its peculiar circumstances.. The broad rule as laid down in the first case quoted (Clowes v. Van Antwerp), while in terms not overruled or limited, has certainly been ignored. The more liberal application of the rules of equity applied in these later days would, undoubtedly, sanction a modification of its rigidity, to accord with the decision I have reached, viz.: that the guardian was justified in making the payments he did before his appointment as general guardian, and should be allowed therefor in his account.

Submit decree, together with affidavits and bills of cost, for the purpose of adjustment and settlement.  