
    UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee v. Winfred Morgan TRAMMEL, Defendant-Appellant
    No. 16-10101 Summary Calendar
    United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.
    Date Filed: 12/01/2016
    Jay Stevenson Weimer, Assistant U.S. Attorney, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Northern District of Texas, Fort Worth, TX, James Wesley Hendrix, Assistant U.S. Attorney, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Northern District of Texas, Dallas, TX, for Plaintiff-Appellee
    Leigh Warren Davis, Bedford, TX, for Defendant-Appellant
    Before BARKSDALE, GRAVES, and COSTA, Circuit Judges.
   PER CURIAM:

Pursuant to a jury trial, Winfred Morgan Trammel was convicted of one count of conspiracy to possess, with intent to distribute, 50 grams or more of a substance containing methamphetamine. The district court sentenced him, inter alia, within the advisory Sentencing Guidelines range to 262 months in prison. Trammel challenges both his conviction and sentence.

Regarding his conviction, he asserts, on two bases, that the evidence was insufficient to support his conviction. For the following reasons, a rational juror could have found him guilty.

Although Trammel maintains he was merely in a buyer-seller relationship with his purported co-conspirators, the evidence at trial established he was a, repeat customer of relatively large quantities of methamphetamine, which indicates participation in a conspiracy. See United States v. Maseratti, 1 F.3d 330, 336 (5th Cir. 1993). Moreover, Trammel was fronted drugs by other individuals named in the indictment, demonstrating a strong level of trust and a mutually dependent relationship. See United States v. Posada-Rios, 158 F.3d 832, 860 (5th Cir. 1998).

Trammel also contends the evidence was insufficient because the Government proved the existence of a conspiracy different from the one alleged in the indictment. Contrary to his assertions, the evidence at trial proved the allegations in the indictment with respect to the time period, the identity of the participants, the nature and scope of the offense, and the location of the events taking place within the conspiracy. See United States v. Thomas, 12 F.3d 1350, 1357 (5th Cir. 1994).

In addition, Trammel challenges his conviction by claiming the court erred in admitting text messages sent to him by a co-conspirator. He maintains the messages constituted inadmissible hearsay evidence and that their introduction violated the Confrontation Clause because the co-conspirator did not testify. Evidentiary rulings are reviewed for an abuse of discretion. United States v. Jackson, 636 F.3d 687, 692 (5th Cir. 2011). The messages fall within an exception to the hearsay rule because they were statements made “during and in furtherance of the conspiracy” by one of Trammel’s co-conspirators. Fed. R. Evid. 801(d)(2)(E); see United States v. Snyder, 930 F.2d 1090, 1095 (5th Cir. 1991). For similar reasons, the introduction of the evidence does not run afoul of the Confrontation Clause, as “[statements made between co-conspirators in furtherance of a conspiracy are not testimonial”. United States v. Alaniz, 726 F.3d 586, 607 (5th Cir. 2013) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

Regarding his sentence, Trammel claims the court erred by imposing a two-level enhancement, pursuant to Guideline § 3C1.1, for obstruction of justice. Although post-Booker, the Sentencing Guidelines are advisory only, the district court must avoid significant procedural error, such as improperly calculating the Guidelines sentencing range. Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 48-51, 128 S.Ct. 586, 169 L.Ed.2d 445 (2007). If no such procedural error exists, a properly preserved objection to an ultimate sentence is reviewed for substantive reasonableness under an abuse-of-discretion standard. Id. at 51, 128 S.Ct. 586; United States v. Delgado-Martinez, 564 F.3d 750, 751-53 (5th Cir. 2009). In that respect, for issues preserved in district court, its application of the Guidelines is reviewed de novo-, its factual findings, only for clear error. E.g., United States v. Cisneros-Gutierrez, 517 F.3d 751, 764 (5th Cir. 2008).

The court imposed the enhancement'after finding Trammel had willfully provided false statements at his suppression hearing, regarding the timing of the warnings provided in Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966). Trammel presented no evidence to counter the presentence investigation report’s enhancement recommendation. Because the “district court’s finding is plausible in light of the record as a whole”, there is no clear error. Cisneros-Gutierrez, 517 F.3d at 764 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

AFFIRMED. 
      
       Pursuant to 5th Cir. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5th Cir. R. 47.5.4.
     