
    Frederic L. Cobb and Pierre C. Hall, Respondents, v. Domingo M. Monjo, Appellant, Impleaded with Societe Annonyme De Exploitation Des Brevets Reuse Aux Etats Unis, L’Amerique, Defendant.
    
      Misjoinder erf parties plaintiff— two parties, each having an independent sepa/rate contract with a third person, cannot in one action sue to recover the amount due under both contráete.
    
    Except in those cases where the interests of numerous parties are similar, and the Code of Civil Procedure permits one party to bring an action for the benefit of-himself and all others similarly situated, the plaintiffs must all be interested in all the causes of action stated, and if they are not, a demurrer for misjoinder of parties plaintiff will lie.
    Where the owner of a patent enters into a contract with one party by which such owner agrees that if such party shall sell the patent it will pay to him as commissions a sum equal to two-thirds of five per cent of the selling price, and such owner also enters into another contract with another party by which it agrees that if such other party shall sell the patent it will pay him as commissions a sum equal to one-third of five per cent of the selling price, the two parties thus contracted with cannot recover in a single action the full commissions due to them under both contracts.
    Appeal by the defendant, Domingo M. Monjo, from an interlocutory judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiffs, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Hew York on the 4th day of September, 1903, upon the decision of the court, rendered after a trial at the Hew York Special Term, overruling said defendant’s demurrer to the plaintiffs’ complaint.
    
      Pratt A. Brown, for the appellant.
    
      Frederick Beltz, for the respondents.
   Laughlin, J.:

This action is brought upon two separate contracts for the payment of commissions for selling a patented machine for manufacturing cigars or rolls of tobacco. The patent was owned by the defendant, the Societe Annonyme de Exploitation des Brevets Reuse aux Etats Unis L’Amerique. The contracts were made with the appellant individually and as attorney in fact for the owner of the patents. One of the contracts was made with the plaintiff Cobb, and the defendants agreed therein, among other things, that in the event of a sale óf the patent by him to the American Tobacco Com-, pany for more than $1,500,000 they would pay him in cash as commissions,a sum. equal to two-thirds, of-five?.per cent of the-selling price. The other contract was made with the plaintiff Hall, and the defendants agreed therein, among other things, that if he should sell the patent to said tobacco company for more than $1,500,000, they would pay him in cash as commissions a sum equal to one-third of five per cent of the selling price. It is alleged in the complaint that a sale of the patent to the tobacco company was effected by the plaintiffs at' the price of $5,000,000, and they demand judgment for $250,000, being a sum equal to five per cent of the selling price, less $2,600, which it is admitted, has been paid to apply on the commissions.

The demurrer is upon the grounds that the facts stated do not constitute a cause of action, and that there is a misjoinder of parties plaintiff in that two separate causes of action aré alleged, one in favor of one plaintiff arid the other in favor of the other, neither being interested in the other’s cause of action. It is unnecessary to consider the first ground of demurrer for the second ground is unanswerable, and the action cannot be maintained by the plaintiffs jointly. The contracts are in writing and are annexed to and made a part of the complaint. The contract with each plaintiff is separate and distinct; and the liability of the defendants to them upon the facts alleged is several. There is no theory upon which the action of the plaintiffs in attempting to unite their interests in a single cause of action brought by both of them- can be sustained. They are not claiming the same fund, nor does the action relate to any fund. The contracts merely created an obligation in a certain event to pay a sum of money as commissions. The plaintiffs seek to recover in one action the full commissiqns under both contracts. Heither plaintiff has any interest in the other’s contract or commissions. Either might have assigned his cause of action to the other, but that has not been done. They wish to recover a money judgment jointly in which one will have a two-thirds and the other a one-third interest. Except in those cases where the interests of numerous parties are similar and the Code permits one party to bring an action for the benefit of himself and all others similarly situated, the plaintiffs must he all interested in the causes of action stated,; and if they are not a demurrer for misjoinder of parties plaintiff •will lie. This proposition is too clear to require the citation of authorities.

It follows that the interlocutory judgment should be reversed, with costs to appellant, and demurrer sustained, with costs, and final judgment on the demurrer granted dismissing the complaint, with costs.

Van Brunt, P. J., Patterson, Ingraham and Hatch, JJ., concurred.

Interlocutory judgment reversed, with costs to appellant, and demurrer sustained, with costs, and final judgment on the demurrer granted dismissing complaint, with costs.  