
    Alfred Schlessinger, Respondent, v. The Manhattan Railway Co., Appellant.
    (Supreme Court, Appellate Term,
    February, 1906.)
    Carriers — Carriage of passengers — Liability for personal injuries to passengers — Condition and care of premises — Approaches to sta tions.
    A railroad company must exercise reasonable care in affording passengers safe approaches to its stations and platforms; and this duty extends to approaches constructed and owned by other persons, if constantly and notoriously used by passengers as a means of approach.
    Where it appeared that a stairway leading from one of defendant’s platforms to the street was defective and, in consequence thereof, a passenger was injured, the fact that the stairway after its construction by the defendant had been changed by the city of New York, in consequence of the erection of a viaduct by the city, and thereafter remained the property of the city and should have been and to some extent was cared for by the city does not excuse the defendant from liability.
    Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the City Court of the city of ¡New York entered in favor of the plaintiff, after a trial before the court and a jury, and also from an order denying defendant’s motion for a new trial.
    Charles A. Gardiner (G. Tarleton Goldthwaite, of counsel), for appellant.
    Wm. Victor Goldberg, for respondent.
   Scott, J.

The plaintiff tripped upon the step of a stairway, leading from one of defendant’s platforms to the street. There is no doubt of the injury or of the defective conditions from which the injury resulted. The main defense relied upon is that the stairway upon which the accident happened had been constructed by, and was owned and maintained by, the city of ¡New York. The evidence on this subject showed that, in 1896 or 1897, after defendant’s platform had been constructed for some years, the city of Hew York erected an elevated viaduct over One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street, at right angles to the avenue upon which defendant’s road ran. This work necessitated certain changes in defendant’s platform and the approaches thereto, including the stairway in question; and it is said that these changes were made by the city, or, if made by defendant, were so made at the expense of the city under a written contract between the defendant and the city which was referred to, but not produced. There were other means of getting from the platform to the street. The defendant maintains a sign on its property pointing in the direction of the stairway and indicating that it affords a means of access to the street. Assuming that the stairway was constructed by the city, and remained its property and should have been, and perhaps to some extent is, cared for by the city, I am of the opinion that this does not excuse the defendant from liability. The duty of a railway company toward its passengers extends to the exercise of reasonable care in affording them safe approaches to the stations and platforms; and this duty, in my opinion, applies not only to such approaches as may have been constructed and owned by the company, but to those constructed and owned by other persons, if constantly and notoriously used by passengers as a means of approach. Such use indicates the express or implied invitation by the carrier, and more especially when the carrier indicates the approach, by signs, as one to be used. The adoption and indication of such an approach as one to be used casts upon the carrier the duty of exercising a reasonable amount of care and inspection to see that- the approach is kept in a safe condition; and, even if it had no right to make repairs without permission and is not called upon to seek such permission, it can at least provide against injury to its passengers by erecting such barricades, or giving such warning, as will guard against accidents. D., L. & W. R. R. Co. v. Trautwein, 52 N. J. Law, 169; G., C. & Sante Fé R. R. Co. v. Glenk, 9 Tex. Civ. App. 599; East Tenn. R. R. Co. v. Watson, 94 Ala. 634. That the stairway was in a defective condition and had been for some time'was sufficiently proven, and no contradiction was attempted. The damages, though ample, were not excessive.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.

Giegebich, J., concurs.

Greenbaum, J. (concurring).

The stairway upon which plaintiff' tripped led directly to defendant’s station at One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street and constituted an entrance thereto. Such a condition could not have existed without the consent of defendant. Indeed, the various stairways that led to the station, most of them concededly the property of defendant, had the same general appearance. ¡Notices and signs on the defendant’s structure directed and advised passengers as to the use of the stairways, including the one in question, as means of ingress to and egress from defendant’s station.

Plaintiff’s case, therefore, presented prima facie a situation from which it might be inferred that the defendant corporation, which admittedly operated the railroad upon which plaintiff was a passenger, also maintained the defective stairway used by him as a passenger when he stumbled.

Defendant argues that the evidence introduced by it conclusively established that it did not own or maintain this stairway, but that it was the property of and was maintained by the city of ¡New York.

The only testimony of defendant bearing upon these points was that furnished by one McManus, a clerk employed by the city of ¡New York in the bureau of highways, and one Reeves, an assistant engineer employed by the defendant.

The former, on his direct examination, testified that the city of ¡New York constructed this stairway, kept it in repair and swept it from time to time.

Hpon his cross-examination, it developed that he had never seen anybody repair or sweep it; that he had no personal knowledge as to whether the city or the defendant had constructed it and that all his testimony, upon the matters referred to, was pure hearsay.

The testimony of the witness Beeves was no more valuable or enlightening than was that of McManus. Beeves’ testimony, however, was very illuminative in other respects. It •established the fact that, prior to 1896, the defendant maintained stairways which it had constructed and that, by reason of the viaduct built by the city at One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street, it became necessary to rearrange and reconstruct two of the stairways, of which the stairway in •question was one, to adapt them to the changed conditions and that the new stairways were built under a written contract between the city of Hew York and the defendant which either provided that the city should build them or pay defendant for building them.

The contract was not produced nor was any explanation proffered for its nonproduction.

Á legal inference was, therefore, properly deducible that the ownership in defendant of the original stairways, for which the new ones were substituted, continued in the new •stairways, in part or whole, and that the original obligation of defendant to maintain them in good repair still subsisted.

It was peculiarly within the power of the defendant to produce convincing and incontrovertible proof of the actual facts as to the ownership and maintenance of the stairway, and its failure to do so would scarcely warrant the court in "indulging in ingenious and subtle inferences favorable to the defendant in respect of these matters.

It seems to me wholly unnecessary to discuss the rights of ■defendant upon an assumed state of facts that it did not own mor in anywise control the stairway.

The judgment should be affirmed, with costs.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.  