
    SMITH v. STATE.
    (No. 5729.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    April 14, 1920.)
    1. Records &wkey;>22 — Answers of applicants for teachers’ certificates are documents kept by state officer.
    The written answers of applicants for teachers’ certificates to questions asked on examination, which must be forwarded to the state superintendent of education and kept by him until delivered to the state board of examiners for grading, are papers required by law to be kept by a state officer, so that their malicious destruction is a felony, under Vernon’s Ann. Pen. Code 1916, art. 943.
    2. Records &wkey;>22— Examination papers delivered to employé of state superintendent are in his keeping.
    After the answers of applicants for teachers’ certificates to the examination questions had been delivered to an employs of the state superintendent, they were thereafter in his keeping, so that one who procured them from the express company, by which they were shipped to the state superintendent, and destroyed them, was guilty of destroying documents in the keeping of a public officer, contrary to Vernon’s Ann. Pen. Code 1916, art. 943.
    3. Records &wkey;>22 — Manner of destroying public documents need not be alleged.
    Where the prosecution relied on the destruction of documents in the keeping of a state officer for conviction, under Vernon’s Ann. Pen. Code 1916, art. 943, it was not necessary to allege the manner of destruction, and allegations of alteration were surplusage, so that the indictment was not invalid for failure to state the manner of alteration.
    4. Indictment and information <&wkey;>l25(24) — Inconsistent methods of committing offense may be alleged conjunctively.
    In an indictment for violation of Vernon’s Ann. Pen. Code 1916, art. 943, the commission of the offense by altering, changing, mutilating, destroying, and injuring the documents may be alleged conjunctively, though they are inconsistent with each other.
    5. Records <&wkey;22 — Evidence held not sufficient to corroborate testimony of accomplice.
    In a prosecution for maliciously destroying public documents, testimony of witnesses to facts which did not tend to connect accused with the offense held insufficient to corroborate the testimony of an accomplice. >
    Appeal from District Court, Burleson County; R. J. Alexander, Judge.
    
      A. M. Smith was convicted of maliciously destroying documents required to be kept by a state officer, and lie appeals.
    Reversed.
    Jesse Garrett and W. M. Hilliard^ both of Caldwell, for appellant.
    Alvin M. Owsley, Asst.,Atty. Gen., for the State.
   LATTIMORE, J.

Appellant was convicted in the district court of Burleson county for a violation of the offense described in article 943, Yernon’s Penal Code, which article reads as follows:

“If any person, without authority of law,' shall willfully and maliciously change, alter, mutilate, destroy, deface or injure any book, papers, record or any other document, required or permitted by law to be kept by any officer within this state, he shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in the penitentiary not less than one nor more than five years.”

The facts, as shown by the record, make it appear that a colored summer normal school for teachers was held in Caldwell, Burleson county, during the summer of 1919, at the close of which there was an examination of applicants for teachers’ certificates; that as a part of said examination the written answers of the applicants for such certificates were forwarded from Caldwell, Burle-son county, to the office of the state superintendent of public instruction, at Austin, Tex., where said papers were to be kept, and later delivered to the state board of examiners, by whom the same would be graded, the proper certificates awarded, .and the examination thus concluded. It was shown that, after the answers had been made in writing, they were placed in a box by an employé of the state superintendent, by whom said box was delivered to an expressman for forwarding, as aforesaid. This expressman admitted upon the trial that he had been corrupted by the colored conductor of said normal school, and that in pursuance of an agreement with said conductor, and for a consideration, he took said box to the house of said conductor, and there left it for some hours before taking the same to the office of the express company. ■ This man, whose name was Ahrens, stated that when he returned to the house of Bryant, who was the colored conductor of said normal, for said box, that the wife of said Bryant told him they were not quite ready, and witness stated that he waited at said house for a while, during which time of waiting appellant went from said house to a barn, and while doing so called to witness Ahrens, saying, in substance, that it would be ready in a few minutes. Shortly thereafter said box was brought out, taken to the station, and forwarded to Austin, and upon examination after delivery it was found that a number of answers of said applicant had been extracted, and other papers purporting to contain such answers had been substituted. It is made apparent from the record that a number of indictments resulted, all of same being brought under the provisions of article 943.

A number of objections were urged to the indictment, among them being an objection that the documents mentioned were not such as come within the provisions of said article 943. It will be apparent, from an examination of said article as above set out, that the documents referred to must fall within the definition of those “required or permitted by law to be kept by any officer within this state.” If the written answers of applicants for teachers’ certificates constituted such documents, the prosecution can be maintained; otherwise, same will necessarily fail.

Examining the various statutes prescribing the duties of the different persons connected with the holding of examinations of applicants for teachers’ certificates, it is found that said enactments require such written answers to be forwarded to the state superintendent of education, and that same shall be kept by said state superintendent until delivered to the state board of examiners when they meet to examine and grade such papers. We are not clear as to whether this is the character of keeping documents, etc., that was intended by the framers of article 943; but, giving to the scope of such statute every reasonable intendment, we have concluded that, inasmuch as said answers must be kept by the state superintendent for a period of time, this would be within the comprehension of the terms of said article 943. We further think that, when said papers were delivered to an em-ployé of said state superintendent at Caldwell, the same was thereafter in the keeping of the said state superintendent.

It is also urged against said indictment that same sets out that appellant changed, altered, mutilated, destroyed, defaced, and injured the paper, etc., to wit, the answers of Miss T. A. Smoots to said questions, and that it is nowhere alleged in said indictment what changes, etc., were made, and that this should have been done. We think this objection to the indictment would be good, if the state relied for a conviction upon proof of any character of change, mutilation, etc., falling short of the actual destruction of the instrument; but, as we understand the record, the state, while alleging conjunctively all the various methods of committing the offense' which are named in the statute, relies only on the theory of the destruction of said documents, and the allegations of other methods of violating said statute may be treated as surplusage. In such case we think the allegation of destruction sufficient, without setting out how said document was destroyed.

There is nothing in the objection as made, that the various ways of committing the offense, to wit, changing, mutilating, destroying, etc., which were set out conjunctively, ' are repugnant, and therefore self-destructive. It is the approved practice to allege the various methods of committing an offense conjunctively. See section 907, Branch’s Oriminal Law, and authorities.

This case must he reversed for the insufficiency of the corroboration of the witness Ahrens, the expressman, who testified that he saw appellant at the residence of Bryant, and as to what appellant there stated to him. We have carefully examined this record, have read through the testimony of each of the five state witnesses, and find that no other person, save Ahrens, testified to a single criminative fact tending to connect appellant with the commission of the offense, if any. Two of the witnesses were employés of the educational department, and neither of them testified to anything with reference to appellant in any way. Witness Grizzard was a local printer, who testified to having printed two sets of papers for Bryant, the colored director of said normal, one of said sets being printed before the normal began, and the other about the time of its close; hut said witness testified, upon being shown the substituted answers of T. A. Smoots, that the same appeared to be on the first paper printed by him.

The witness Hensley was the only witness who testified to anything relative to appellant, and he merely stated that appellant told him he was a married man, and that he boarded at the house of Bryant. These facts are no corroboration of the testimony of the witness Ahrens as to ány criminat-ing facts, and do not tend to connect appellant with the offense.

For the lack of sufficient legal corroboration of the testimony of the accomplice, the case must be reversed; and it is so ordered. 
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