
    GEORGE W. FROCK et al. vs. COLUMBIAN CONSTRUCTION COMPANY. EMORY L. COBLENTZ et al. vs. COLUMBIAN CONSTRUCTION COMPANY. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, Receiver, vs. COLUMBIAN CONSTRUCTION COMPANY.
    
      Corporate Receiver — Commissions—Claims for Money Borrowed — Priorities.
    Where it was the confident and reasonable expectation of all persons interested in a,n insolvent construction company, that the completion and sale by a receiver of its houses under construction would result in the payment of all creditors in full, and the appointment of a receiver was accordingly approved at a conference of creditors and stockholders, commissions to the receiver should not, because he had a personal interest in the corporation, he disallowed, on the objection of receivership creditors who, as holders of a pye-existing claim, participated in the conference which approved the appointment of the receiver.
    Where the fund for distribution by the receiver, after the payment of other expenses, was only $4,487.29, held that it was improper to appropriate $4,374.74 of that amount for commissions, in view of the special reason for the receivership proceeding, that is, the completion and sale of certain houses under construction, of the personal interest of the receiver, and of the unfortunate consequences of the failure to accomplish the purpose of the proceeding.
    The ruling as to the amount of compensation to be allowed a receiver depends in every case upon its special circumstances.
    Where money for the completion of buildings, afterwards sold by the receiver, was. raised by him by means of loans obtained on notes bearing the personal endorsements- of himself and another stockholder, the holders of such notes were entitled to share in the proceeds of the sale of the buildings equally with creditors claiming for work and materials 'furnished in connection with their completion.
    It was immaterial, for the purpose of a claim by the stockholder who endorsed notes of the receiver, that he paid the notes/ he not being a mere volunteer in doing so, and it appearing that, without his endorsement, the funds could not- have been raised for the completion of the buildings, and that he paid the note because of the liability which he had thus incurred for the benefit of receivership operations, in which all the parties to the litigation had a mutual concern.
    An appeal from an order ratifying an audit brings up for review an order previously passed determining the rights of the parties and determining how the audit should be prepared.
    A receiver executing a note in temporary settlement of a claim for work and material furnished during the receivership period, without authority from the court, has no power, by inserting therein an agreement to pay attorney’s commissions, to bind the assets of the receivership, or to affect the rights of
    other creditors.
    In the distribution of the assets in the hands of a corporate receiver, held that interest should be included in each of the claims entitled to share in the distribution.
    
      Decided January 12th, 1923.
    
    Appeals from the Circuit Court Eo. 2 of Baltimore City (Caxiholx. T. Boiro, J.).
    
      Bill by William H. Medford against the Columbian Construction Company, under which Charles McC. Mathias was appointed receiver for said company. From certain orders involving the distribution of the fund in the hands of the receiver, separate appeals were taken by (1) George W. Frock and John S. Frock, trading as Frock Brothers; (2) Emory L. Coblente, Charles MeC. Mathias and Central Trust Company, and (3) Charles McC. Mathias, receiver.
    Affirmed in part and reversed in part.
    The causes were argued before Boyd, C. J., Briscoe, Pattison, Urner, Adkins, and Offutt, JJ.
    
      James Morfit Mullen, for George W. Frock and John S. Frock, trading as Frock Brothers.
    
      William H. Hudgins and Leo Weinberg, for Emory L. Coblentz, Charles McC. Mathias, in his own right and as receiver, and Central Trust Company.
   Urner, J.,

delivered the opinion of the Court.

The Columbian Construction Company was incorporated for the purpose of engaging in the erection and sale of dwelling houses in the City of Baltimore. As its first and only business operations, it purchased certain land for improvement and was proceeding to build sixteen dwellings when, early in October, 1920, it became insolvent. The houses were then about half finished. There were unpaid bills amounting to approximately $26,000, and there was a building mortgage of $12,00’0 on the property. It was agreed by the stockholders and principal unsecured creditors that the proper course to he pursued, for the benefit of their interests, was to have a receiver of the corporation appointed with authority to complete and sell the houses then under construction. The condition of the real estate market at that time was such as to justify the belief that the dwellings, when completed, could be sold for a total amount sufficient to satisfy all of the debts and provide a substantial sum for tbe stockholders. A bill for the appointment of a receiver was accordingly filed in the name of William H. Medford, who owned $5,000 of the capital stock of the company and was its president. By consent of the corporation an order was passed appointing Charles MeC. Mathias receiver, and authorizing him to continue its operations. In pux’suance of subsequent orders, on his petitions, he issued receivership notes, for sums aggregating $20,500, to aid in financing the completion of the buildings. In addition to the funds thus provided, the receiver used for the same purpose a balance of $28,569 available under the building mortgage. The x*eceiver pex*sonally advanced $400 to pay some pressing debts.

The houses were completed in December, 1920. Arrangements had been made previously to have them offered for sale at prices which the existing condition of the market appeared to warrant, axxd which would have yielded a fund more thaxx sufficiexxt to pay all the debts of the corporation and of the receivership. The efforts to sell the properties on advantageous terms were not successful. A serious depression in real estate values occurred before the houses could be sold, axxd instead of realizing from them $125,000, the sum which they had been expected to produce, the receiver was able to sell them for only $90,000. This result was very unfortunate. The liens on the property absorbed all but $5,517.79 of the proceeds of sale, axxd consequently a small proportion only of the receivership debts can be paid, while the general cx’editors and stockholders of the corporation will be wholly xxnsatisfied.

The promissory notes which the receiver was authorized by special orders to execute were as follows: One of $3,500 to the Central Trust Company, of Frederick, for a loan to pay for radiators to be installed ixi the sixteen houses as pax4s of the heating plants; two of $5,000 each toi the Title Guarantee axld Trust Company, of Baltimore, for loans to pay current expenses for labor and material; and three notes for the total amount of $7,000 to the Atlantic Mill axid Lumber Company for mill wox’k axxd lumber. As the payees of the notes wex*e unwilling to accept them merely on the credit of the receivership, they were all endorsed by Emory L. Coblentz, who was interested as a stockholder and general creditor in the success of the operations in which the receiver1 was engaged. The notes to the Atlantic Mill and Lumber Oompany were endorsed also by the receiver in his individual capacity. The amount due on the last mentioned notes was reduced to $6,450 while the work on the buildings was in progress. After their completion the receiver gave a note, without endorsement, to Erode Brothers for $3,426 in temporary settlement of their claim for plumbing work and material, for the sixteen dwellings, furnished during- the receivership! period. Two1 notes had also been given by the receiver to himself, individually, for the $400 which he had personally advanced. The total of these receivership1 liabilities is $23,-776. Mr. Coblentz, as endorser, has paid the notes to the Title Guarantee and Trust Company and to the Atlantic Mill and Lumber Company, aggregating $16,450.

The case was referred to the auditor by in order which included a direction for the allowance of commissions to the receiver. In conformity with this order the a-udit provided for commissions, at the authorized rates, amounting] to $4,374.74. This and other expenses reduced the balance for distribution to $112.55, which the audit divided pro rata, among the receivership1 creditors, who- thus would have been paid less than one-half of one per cent, of their claims.

Exceptions to the audit, were filed by Eroeik Brothers, on the ground that the allowance of commissions to the receiver was inequitable, when the funds were insufficient for the payment of the debts which he had incurred. It was further asserted that the claim of the exceptants should be paid in full because of an alleged understanding with the receiver to that effect before the debt was, contracted. The exceptions were sustained, and an audit, was directed to be filed allowing no commissions, and distributing the available fund, first to the payment in full of the claim of Frock Brothers, for $3,426, and. then pro raía 'among the other holders of receivership notes. To the audit prepared in .accordance with those directions, the Central Trust Company, Mr. Coblentz, and Mr. Mathias excepted, as receivership creditors, because of the priority given Frock Brothers in the distribution, and exceptions were filed also by Mr. Mathias as receiver because his commissions had been disallowed. Frond an order overruling their exceptions, and ratifying the second audit, all of the exceptants have appealed. A separate appeal was entered by Mr. Mathias, as receiver, from the order disallowing commissions because of the exceptions to the audit first filed. Frock Brothers also appealed from that order because, iu directing the new distribution, it authorized the payment of only the principal of their note, and excluded the interest and attorney’s commissions for which it provided.

The question relating to the. receiver’s commissions will he first considered. It was decided below adversely to such an allowance, on the ground that the service undertaken and rendered by tbe receiver was for the protection of his personal interests, and that his compensation, therefore, ought not to be paid, at the cost of those with whom he contracted, out of a fund which is inadequate to satisfy their just demands. This view is based upon equities which would have greater strength if Frock Brothers, who are the only creditors objecting to tbe commissions, had not been consulted about the institution and purpose of the receivership proceeding, and had not assented to it as a means of safeguarding their own pre-existing interests. When the Columbian Construction Company became insolvent, Frock Brothers had an unsecured claim of $3,000 against it for work and supplies. It was evident that this claim would he wholly lost if the building enterprise which had exhausted the resources of the company were not carried to completion. A sale of the houses iu an unfinished condition might have involved such a sacrifice of their value as to subject even tbe mortgage creditors to a substantial loss. It was tire confident expectation of all concerned that the completion and sale of the houses by a duly authorized receiver would result in the payment in full of all creditors of the corporation. This was a reasonable anticipation in view of the conditions existing when the application for the receivership was considered and approved at thfe conference of stockholders and creditors, in which Frock Brothers participated. It was the subsequent and unforeseen decline in real estate: values that prevented the success of the policy to which they agreed, and which the receiver1 executed to the best of his ability. In our opinion he is entitled to: compensation out of the fund which his services have helped to produce. But we think the commissions allowed in the first audit should be materially diminished. The fund for distribution, after the payment of other expenses:, is only $4,487.29, and we are unable to approve of the appropriation of $4,374.74 of that amount for commissions under such conditions as are here presented. This would he clearly excessive in view of the special reason for the receivership proceeding, of the personal interest of the receiver in having it instituted, and of the unfortunate consequences of the failure to' accomplish its purpose. There should be only a very moderate compensation provided out of the fund awaiting distribution, hut the question as to the precise amount of the allowance will he referred to the Circuit Cburt Ro'. 2 of Baltimore City, whose order is now under review. Within the limits of its discretion, under the rule of court on the subject, the commissions originally authorized may be largely reduced. The decisions which have hen cited in the argument upon the question of the receiver’s compensation were influenced by facts essentially different from those which the present case involves. The ruling upon such a, question depends in every case upon its special circumstances.

In the distribution of the remaining fund we think there should he no discrimination among the receivership creditors. The proceeds, of the loan obtained on the notes which Mr1. Coblentz and Mr. Mathias endorsed were used for the completion of the buildings from the sale of which the fund in dispute was derived. This was exactly the same use to which the labor and material furnished by Frock Brothers were applied. In the regular course of construction their work on the buildings was the last to be finished, and for that reason the exhaustion of available funds left them in the position of being the only receivership creditors, other than those advancing money, whose claim was not paid. A further loan was not procured by the receiver, and he declined to individually endorse the note he gave to Frock Brothers, because he felt that he had reached the. limit of the personal credit which he ought to extend or solicit. The considerations which induced Mr.- Coblentz and Mr. Mathias to favor a receivership! were of the same nature as those which prompted Frock Brothers to give it their approval. It was a proceeding to which -they all agreed as being for their common benefit. They all lose heavily because of newly developed conditions for which none of them can he said to be responsible. If the other labor and material creditors hdd not been paid out of the borrowed funds, as their claims accrued, they would be entitled to share rateably with Frock Brothers in the pending-distribution. There is certainly no injustice to- the latter in the admission of the lending creditors to the same right of participation which the workman and materialmen whd were paid with the money loaned could have exercised. The fact that Mr. Coblentz has paid some of the receivership notes does not affect the question we are deciding. He was not a mere volunteer in making the payments. The loans and credit represented hy the notes would not have been obtained without his endorsement, as the evidence proves, and he paid the notes because of the liability he had thus incurred for the benefit of receivership operations in which all the parties to these appeals had a mutual concern. Testimony was offered by Frock Brothers to the effect that during the conference preceding the application for the appointment of a, receiver they were gpven definite assurance that their claims would he paid in full, hut the weight of the evidence is to the contrary. The exceptions to the second audit because of the priority it gave to tlie claims oí Frock Brothers ought, in our judgment, to have been sustained.

The suggestion has been made that the question we have just considered was not properly raised by the appeal of tbe Central Trust Company and Messrs. Ooblentz and Mathias, as they appealed from the order ratifying the second audit and not from the earlier order determining the rights of tlie parties and directing how the audit should he prepared. The order ratifying the second audit was final and appealable under section 27 of article 5 of the1 Code (Pfeaff v. Jones, 50 Md. 263), and the appeal from that order enables us to review the order previously passed. Code, art. 5, sec. 28.

In regard to the appeal of Frock Brothers, taken because tbe ratified audit did not allow interest and attorney’s commissions, as provided by the note given them by the receiver, our view is that the commissions claimed were rightly disallowed. The receiver was not authorized by the court to execute the note, and he had no power to bind the assets of the receivership, or affect the rights of other creditors, by the commission agreement which the note contained. It seems equitable that interest should be included in this claim, as it will be. in the others, for the purposes of the distribution in which it is to share.

Orders affirmed in part and reversed in part, and cause remanded to- the end that an order may he passed directing an audit to he fled and distribution made in conformity with this opinion, the costs to be paid out of the funds in the hands of the receiver.  