
    Edward Thompson Company, Respondent, v. Louis B. Boudin, Appellant.
    Second Department,
    December 30, 1909.
    Contract —sale of books — abandonment of contract by seller after partial delivery. -
    The defendant subscribed for a set of books not to exceed a certain number, to be paid for' at a price per volume, as delivered. The buyer having settled a suit brought by.the seller to recover the agreed price of books already delivered, refused to accept future deliveries which were made several years after the publication of the volumes upon the ground that the seller had abandoned the contract. Although the seller denied such abandonment, it thereafter'took the books away without notice that the buyer would be held therefor, or that the books would be held by the seller as his agent. Some years later, the balance of the work having been published, the seller redelivered the books taken back together with the succeeding volumes and sued for the purchase price.
    
      Held, that the seller was not entitled to recover having abandoned the contract.
    Appeal by the defendant, Louis B. Boudin, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Suffolk on the 1st day of Hay, 1908, upon the verdict of a jury rendered by direction of the court after a trial at the Suffolk Trial Term.
    
      Louis B. Boudin, appellant, in person.
    
      Louis N. Bowley [ Walter Large with him on the brief], for the ■respondent.
   Thomas, J.:

On March 8, 1899, thé defendant subscribed for a work made and published by the plaintiff, to wit, the American'-and English Encyclopedia of Law, second edition, “to be completed in not to exceed ” thirty-two volumes, at the rate of seven dollars and fifty cents per volume. The defendant gave twelve notes of seven dollars and fifty cents each, payable at various intervals, and sixteen dollars in cash, for the ten ready volumes, which included thirty-one dollars rent for the use of the first edition thereof pending delivery of the second edition. Tlie ten volumes were duly delivered March 31,1899, volume 11 April 19,1899, and volume 12 July 29, 1899, and the defendant gave the plaintiff therefor cash sixteen dollars April 5, 1899; seven dollars and fifty cents June 2, 1899; seven dollars and fifty cents July 19, 1899. As the defendant did not pay duly, the plaintiff sued him in August, 1901, to recover eighty-two dollars and fifty cents for deliveries of volumes 1 to 12 inclusive. The complaint stated eleven' causes of action, of which each of ten wras on a note for seven dollars and fifty cents, and tlie eleventh set out the contract, alleged delivery of twelve volumes thereunder, that “ defendant has paid the plaintiff in cash and notes on account of said several deliveries the sum of $113.50, being the said rental of $31 in full and the price of volumes 2 to 12, both inclusive of the second edition, and there remains due and owing from the defendant to the plaintiff by reason of the matters alleged in this cause of action the sum of $7.50 with interest thereon from March 31; 1899.” -Such suit was to collect the balance due for the price to be paid per volume for the books or the notes given therefor. On October 15,1901, the defendant stipulated to pay in installments ninety-nine dollars in full settlement of the claim in the action and costs, but failing in this, j udgment was entered on November 20,1902. November 28, 1902, the judgment was discharged upon payment by the defendant. On December 4,1902, plaintiff shipped to defendant volumes 13 to 17, and the same were delivered to the defendant. On December 9, 1902, defendant wrote the plaintiff that he would not accept the books as the contract has been broken by you and abandoned long ago; ” that the books-will remain at my house and you can have them at any time you will call, which I wish you would do at once as the space in my house is too valuable to keep boxes with books laying around.” On December eleventh the plaintiff’s attorney wrote the- defendant, demurring to the position taken by him and stating that if he did not reconsider, and still declined payment, X shall have to advice the Edward Thompson Company at once to ship you up to issue, and -bring suit.” Later the plaintiff sent for and took away the books, and acknowledged receipt of them. Nothing occurred thereafter until November 24, 1905, when the plaintiff shipped to the defendant volumes 13 to 32 inclusive. The defendant, in writing, repeatedly advised the plaintiff that he would not receive the books, requested their removal, etc. The plaintiff refused.. At the time volumes 13-17 were first sent to defendant, December 4, 1902, volumes 18,19, 20, 21, 22 had been shipped to the trade and were withheld from, the defendant, and were not shipped, or tendered, nor was there any suggestion, of the same, until- the delivery November 24, 1905, when volumes 13-32 were sent. At such date November 24, 1905,,volumes 18-32 had been issued as follows: Volumes 18 and 19, in 1901; volumes 20-22, in 1902; volumes 23-25, in 1903 ; volumes 26-29, .in 1904; , volume 30, in May, 1905 ; volume 31, in June, 1905 ; volume 32, in August, 1905. The plaintiff offers no justification for its failure to deliver volumes 18-22 with volumes 13-17 in December, 1902, and seeks to justify its failure to deliver volumes 18-32 until 1905, upon the ground -that the defendant had refused to keep volumes 13-17, and had notified plaintiff that he regarded the contract, as abandoned. The fact is that volume 13 was shipped to others on October 30, 1899; volume 14 on. February ■ 3, 1900; volume 15 on May 26,1900; volume 16 on September 10, 1900, and volume 17 on December 26,1900; and yet there is no.pretense of delivery or tender of. delivery to the defendant until December 4, 1902, and excuse for this is sought upon the ground that the defendant was in default upon his payments for which the first suit was brought, and that the delivery was made upon the payment of the judgment. Therefore, at this point, two questions arise: (1) Did the plaintiff abandon the contract before the last and final delivery? (2) Was the defendant in'default at the time of the last delivery ? It will be unnecessary to consider the second inquiry. When the plaintiff delivered volumes 13-17,, the defendant wrote it that the contract had been abandoned and to talcs away the books. The plaintiff denied the abandonment, but thereafter took away the books. Why did the plaintiff take away the books ? I find no explanation of it, no justification for it, no legal status to be gained by it consistent with the plaintiff’s present contention. It was a bare, unconditional acknowledgment that it would yield to the defendant’s claim that the contract had been abandoned. The act has no other meaning. The removal was not qualified by notice that the defendant would be held for the books, or that the books would be held for the defendant. The delivery to defendant was complete. He could not dispossess himself of the books. If the plaintiff was right, it was a fulfillment of its obligation, and yet the plaintiff undid the delivery and took the books back and thereafter held them in silence for some three years, or, for aught.that appears, sold them as its own, and now claims that such delivery was a fulfillment, or at least that if it was not, their delivery three years later was a performance on its part. Whether defendant’s claim that plaintiff had abandoned the contract was or was not valid is immaterial. It was made after long delay to deliver. The plaintiff repelled it, refused to take back the books, and then took them back in apparent absolute surrender to the defendant’s claim. Then it held the books for years, it held later volumes for years, and held them without a suggestion that it was holding them for the defendant, and after a time that would usually be evidence of the grossest default suddenly imposed the numerous volumes upon the defendant. I regard the act of taking back volumes 13-17 as irrefragable evidence that the plaintiff agreed to regard the contract as abandoned, and that its years of silent waiting thereafter superadd to the conclusion that there was such abandonment. The plaintiff created the books ; its time to complete the work was unlimited in time by the agreement; the usefulness of the work to a subscriber was in some degree dependent upon delivery at the time of issue of each volume ; its value as property was in some degree ■ impaired by delay, and yet the plaintiff waited the expiration of its own appointed time after taking back books upon the defendant’s. contention, that the contract had been ended and .that the delivery was unauthorized, and then delivered the volumes taken back and the many long before issued, and. asserted that the .contract was in full life and that the delivery was in full performance on its part.

This judgment should be reversed. .

Hirsohberg, P. J., Woodward, Rich and' Miller, JJ., concurred.

Judgment reversed and. new trial granted, costs to abide the event.  