
    Jane Darcy, Respondent, v. The Presbyterian Hospital in the City of New York, Appellant.
    First Department,
    February 11, 1909.
    Tort—liability of hospital for autopsy performed by coroner — evidence —nature of hospital report.
    As, under the Consolidation Act, a coroner in the city of New York is required to investigate the cause of a death taking place in a suspicious or unusual manner, and all citizens are required to report such deaths to the coroner, and the: removal of the body of a person who died in such manner is forbidden, a hospital is not liable to the relatives óf a deceased patient merely because a physician of the institution, although knowing that the relatives of the deceased refused to permit an autopsy, notified the coroner who, on his own initiative, sent his physician who performed an autopsy without'the request of the hospital authorities.
    As the hospital could be held liable only upon the ground that the report to the coroner which induced him to make an autopsy was false, it is error to exclude evidence of the nature of the hospital’s report to the coroner’s physician, and, that it truly stated the conditions surrounding the death, and that the symptoms were unusual or suspicious.
    Appeal by the defendant, The Presbyterian Hospital in the City of Hew York, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered iu the office of the clerk of the county of Hew Ybrk on the 29th day of June, 1908, upon the verdict of a jury for $750, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 8th day of Julyj 1908, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      Robert Thorne, for the appellant.
    
      Carlisle Norwood, for the respondent.
   Ingraham, J.:

The defendant corporation •—■ incorporated under a special act — maintained in the city of Hew York a hospital for the relief of the sick and injured. It is mainly a charitable institution, although it receives compensation for attendance from those who are able to pay. The medical service is free. The plaintiff has brought this action against the defendant based upon the act of a coroner’s physician of the city of Hew York in performing an autopsy upon the body of her son who was a patient in the hospital and died there on the 3d of October, 1906, The cause of action seems to be based upon what the brief of the learned counsel for the respondent states was a violation of the defendant’s express duty and obligation, and implied undertaking to deliver the body of John Darcy after liis decease to this plaintiff in such a condition as it might be at the time of his decease.

It appears from the evidence that John Darcy, the plaintiff’s son, was taken sick prior to the 15th of July, 1906, and on the twenty-fourth of September, on the advice of his physician, was removed to the hospital, the plaintiff agreeing to pay the hospital one dollar per day. It also appeared that after his death, the physician in charge of the case being unable to determine the cause of his death, requested the plaintiff to consent to an autopsy, which she refused to do; subsequent to such refusal the hospital authorities .called up the board of health on the telephone, made a statement of the case to the representatives of the board, and were directed by them to notify the coroner’s office; that subsequently the coroner’s office was called on the telephone and notified of the death; that a coroner’s physician subsequently appeared at the hospital, examined the clinical history of the case arid the report of the hospital supeiv intenderit, decided that an autopsy was necessary, and performed it without any request of the hospital authorities, after which the body of the deceased was delivered to the plaintiff.

This was the plaintiff’s case, and I think it disclosed no cause of action. There was no evidence that the hospital authorities, or those- for whose acts the corporation was responsible, performed this autopsy, had anything to do with or were responsible for it, except so far as the board of health and the coroner’s office were informed of the death of the patient in the hospital. This certainly imposed no liability upon the corporation. There was no evidence that a false statement was made to the coroner or to the board of health, or that anything was said or done to indued the public authorities to take charge of the case or perform an autopsy. The bare-fact that the hospital authorities informed the coroner that a death had taken place- in the hospital imposes no liability upon the hospital for the acts of the public authorities taken upon their own responsibility as to the subsequent disposition of the remains.

A motion to dismiss having been denied, the superintendent of the hospital testified that Dr. Bovaird, who was the attending physician, had desired an autopsy and had requested the plaintiff to consent thereto, but she had refused. Dr. Cooke, the house physician, testified that he had charge of the case, but was unable to determine the cause of death; that he telephoned to the board of health and subsequently called up the coroner’s office. He was asked what communication lie made to these authorities, but his statements were excluded upon the objection of the plaintiff. The court also excluded the statements that were made to the coroner’s physician by the hospital authorities after his arrival. The defendant then sought to prove the clinical history of the case. The house physician was then asked whether there was anything unusual in the death of the decedent, to which he said that there Was, and was then asked what there was about the death of the decedent which he thought unusual. That was objected to and the objection sustained, to which the defendant excepted. The doctor was then asked whether there wás a record of the case of the decedent in the hospital, to which he answered that there was; was asked whether that record was submitted to the i coroner’s physician, which was objected to by the plaintiff and the objection sustained. The coroner’s physician was then called as a witness, and said that he came to the hospital in consequence of a message received by him from the coroner’s office. He was asked as to his duties as a coroner’s physician in connection with the investigation of causes of death and the performance of autopsies when a case was assigned to him. That was objected to as incompetent and the objection sustained. He was then asked after he received the notice from the coroner’s office what his duties were in regard to it, which was objected to and the objection sustained. He was then asked upon. the assignment of a case to him from the coroner’s office whether it was his duty to ascertain and report to the coroner the cause of death, which was objected- to and the objection sustained. He was then asked under what conditions he would proceed to make an autopsy. That was objected to and the objection sustained. He was then asked whether it was his duty to report to the coroner the cause of death, .which was objected to and the objection sustained. Other questions were then asked the witness as to his duty in relation to the making of an autopsy and a report to the coroner as to the cause of death, which were all objected to and the objections sustained. On cross-examination he testified that he did not know before the autopsy was performed that permission had been asked of relatives of the deceased to make an autopsy; that it would not have made any difference in a case that was submitted to' him with a clinical history that contained data that rendered such a case suspicious of arsenic; that in a ease of. that kind an autopsy is performed to ascertain whetheT the deceased was poisoned by arsenic or not. Cotinsel for the defendant then asked the witness if he knew of any law to which he could refer that would justify him in performing an autopsy in the case of John Darcy, and was asked to state the law, which was objected to, and objection sustained. He was then asked to point out in the report made by the Presbyterian Hospital anything to indicate that John Darcy died in a suspicious or unusual manner, to which he said: “Yes, the .symptoms were of arsenical poison; ” but that, on the objection of plaintiff, was stricken out. He was then asked what he meant by symptoms, and proceeded to state the symptoms of arsenical poison which appeared in the report to the coroner by the hospital authorities, but this was objected to, and the objection to the question sustained. He was then asked whether, from the information that the coroner’s office then and there received, the clinical history of the case and the report to the coroner, he was able to form an opinion as to the cause of death. This was objected to; the objection sustained. He was then asked whether it was necessary, in order that he should form an opinion, to report to the coroner to make an autopsy. That was objected to and excluded, and the defendant excepted.

The sole ground upon which there could be any liability was the fact that the hospital authorities had made a false report to the coroner, and thus induced him to make an autopsy when none was justified by the symptoms of the patient. The coroner was a public officer in whom was reposed the duty of investigating the cause of death where any person should die in a suspicious or unusual manner, and in such a case it was his duty to require one of the coroner’s physicians to view the body of the deceased or perform an autopsy thereon as may be required. (Consol. Act [Laws of 1882, chap. 410], § 1773.) And by section 1775 of that act (as amd. by Laws of .1895, chap. 846) it was made the duty of any citizen who should become' aware of the death of any person who died in a suspicious or unusual manner to report the death forthwith ^to one of the coroners, or to the clerk in attendance at the coroners’ office, or as ;therein prescribed, and any person who willfully neglected or refused to report such death to the coroner or clerk as aforesaid.should be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor. By subdivision 2 of section 1776 (as amd. by Laws of 1895, chap..846) it is provided that any person, except the coroner, who shall willfully touch, remove or disturb the body of any one who shall have died in a suspicions or unusual manner, without an order from a coroner or clerk in attendance at the coroners’ office, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. It is quite clear that the mere report of an attending physician at a hospital to the coroners’ office of the case of a person dying in a hospital, so that the coroner or his physicians shall make the necessary and proper examination imposes no liability upon the hospital. It is merely a notice to the public authorities upon whom the statute imposes a duty to investigate the cause of death, and places Upon ■ those in such authority the responsibility for the proper investigation of such a case. The evidence is uncontradicted that upon the arrival of the coroner’s physician he assumed entire charge and made an autopsy on liis own responsibility uninfluenced by any request or suggestion of the hospital authorities. For the making of that autopsy the coroner’s physician was solely responsible. If, however, there could be any question of the liability of the defendant it was clearly authorized to prove the nature of the report of the hospital authorities to the coroner’s physician; that it truly stated the conditions surrounding the death of the decedent, and the symptoms that caused the death to be an unusual or suspicious one which justified them in rejiorting the case to the coroners’ office.

It follows that the judgment appealed from should be reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to the appellant to abide the event.

Patterson, P. J., McLaughlin, Clarke and Houghton, JJ., concurred.

Judgment reversed, new trial ordered, costs to appellant to abide event.  