
    William Allinger, Plaintiff, v. William J. McKeown, Defendant.
    (Supreme Court, New York Trial Term,
    January, 1900.)
    Negligence — Complaint must show that the accident caused the injury.
    Where the complaint, in an action predicated upon negligence, although alleging a negligent act and injuries caused by it, nowhere charges that the injuries sustained by the plaintiff were caused by said negligent act, no proof on that point can properly be received on the trial, and the complaint must be dismissed, opportunities to amend it having been disregarded.
    Motion to dismiss the complaint in an action for negligence.
    
      W. C. Relyea, for plaintiff.
    E. S. Clinch, for defendant.
   Soott, J.

This is an action for damages caused by the fall of a dumbwaiter in an apartment-house of which the defendant is the owner, and the plaintiff was a tenant. A special verdict was taken by way of answers to specific questions, the defendant’s motion to dismiss the complaint being reserved for further consideration. The point to which the motion is particularly addressed involves the sufficiency of the complaint. After alleging defendant’s ownership and control of the property, the complaint alleges as follows: “Second, That on or about and prior to the 1st day of April, 1897, the defendant wrongfully and negligently kept and maintained upon said premises a defective elevator or dumbwaiter, or an elevator or dumbwaiter with defective parts for the use and convenience of the tenants and occupants of said premises, and also for the use and convenience of tradesmen, lawfully supplying said tenants and occxxpants and authorized and invited said tenants and tradesmen to use the same. That the. ropes supporting said elevator or dumbwaiter were old and worn and wholly inadequate and unfit for said use. That the said ropes' were likely to break at any moment, and allow the said dumbwaiter to fall upon and injure the person using it; of all of which the defendant had due notice. Third, That on or about the 1st day of April, 1897, while the plaintiff was lawfully using said elevator or dumbwaiter, in the ordinary, regular and proper way, with dxxe care and diligence, and without any fault, want of care or negligence on his part, the same suddenly fell upon him with great violence, crushing his head, and seriously injuring him in other parts of his body.” The defect in the complaint, upon which the defendant relies, consists in this, that while it contains sufficient allegations of negligence on the part of defendant, and of injury to plaintiff, it nowhere alleges that the injuries suffered by plaintiff, or the fall of the dumbwaiter which produced those injuries, resulted from defendant’s negligence. It is insisted that the mere fact that the defendant has been negligent and the plaintiff has been injured does not create a cause of action, unless it is proven as a fact that the injury resulted from the negligence, and that as that fact must be proved upon the trial, it must be allegéd in the complaint. This objection was taken upon the trial in various forms, by a motion to dismiss the complaint at the opening of the case, by objection to the receipt of evidence tending to connect the happening of the accident with defendant’s negligence, and by the motion to dismiss the complaint at the close of the testimony. Although thus advised of the alleged defect in the complaint, the plaintiff made no motion to amend, and the court, deeming it best that a new trial should, if possible, be avoided, decided to submit the case to the jury and receive their answers to the submitted questions, reserving the question as to the sufficiency of the complaint. It is a general and well-established rule of pleading in actions for damages resulting from negligence that it must appear from the complaint, either by direct averment, or by such facts as to raise the presumption, that the injury was the natural and proximate result of the defendant’s negligence. It clearly does not so appear in the present case by direct averment. The plaintiff, however, insists that it does so appear by necessary inference from the facts which are alleged, and appeals to the rule laid down in a number of cases that a cause of action will be deemed to be stated in the complaint whenever the requisite allegations can be fairly gathered from all the averments, although the statement of them may be argumentative and the pleading deficient in technical language. Sanders v. Soutter, 126 N. Y. 193. This rule, however, requires that the necessary allegations may be gathered from the “ averments ” in the complaint. In the present case the necessary but missing allegation that the fall of the dumbwaiter resulted from the defendant’s negligence, cannot be gathered from anything in the complaint. Doubtless the pleader mentally connected the two, and the evidence received against the defendant’s objection certainly tended to show that the accident was the result of the negligence, but the complaint does not undertake to connect them. Under the more recent authorities pleadings are no longer construed most strongly against the pleader, but averments are sufficient if they serve to point out the nature of the pleader’s claim, and if under them he would be entitled to give the necessary evidence to establish his cause of action. Coatsworth v. Lehigh Valley R. Co., 156 N. Y. 457. Even under this liberal rule for construing pleadings the complaint under examination is insufficient. It does not allege that the negligence caused the accident, and, strictly speaking, no ’ proof on that point was receivable. In the absence of such proof ■the plaintiff’s case would be incomplete. If the plaintiff’s evi- * dence upon the trial had followed strictly upon the allegations of xihe complaint, he would have proved only that upon a certain day the elevator rope was defective, and that upon a certain later day the dumbwaiter fell. This proof would not have established the defendant’s liability. The motion to dismiss the complaint must be granted, with costs.

Motion granted, with costs.  