
    Hugh J. Grant, as Temporary Receiver of The St. Nicholas Bank of New York, Respondent, v. George C. Treadwell Company, Appellant, Impleaded with George C. Treadwell.
    
      Corporation — obligated, by the acquiescence of the directors, to pay notes made by its president in violation of its by-laws.
    
    In an action brought to recover upon certain promissory notes, made by the George O. Treadwell Company to the order of George H. Treadwell, who was its president, and indorsed by him, it appeared that he was the founder of the company, and was also the president and general manager of the company and had the entire management of all the business; that in the summer of 1898, as the directors well knew, the company became in need of funds; that Treadwell raised funds by delivering the notes in question to note brokers for discount, and that the money realized was used in the manufacturing business of the company. It further appeared that other notes signed in the same manner as those in suit had been paid by the company. The president testified that the directors and officers saw the books oí the company; that the accounts were correctly kept, and that the money raised on the notes in question was entered upon the books.
    
      Held, that, under the circumstances, as matter of law, the company was obligated to pay the notes;
    That the corporation having received the benefit of the notes was liable upon them to a Iona fide holder, although in maldng the notes, the president disregarded a by-law of the corporation which provided that the treasurer, together witih the president or the secretary, should accept and indorse drafts and sign and indorse the promissory notes of the company.
    Appeal by the defendant, the George 0. Treadwell Company, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 19th day of April, 1895, upon the verdict of a jury rendered by direction of the court after a trial at the New York Circuit.
    
      Daniel G. Thompson, for the appellant.
    
      John M. Bonders, for the respondent.
   O’Brien, J.:

The complaint alleges two causes of action upon two promissory notes, each for $2,500, made by the defendant corporation dated August 21, 1893, to the order of Geo. H. Treadwell and indorsed by him. The single defense set up is that the corporation did not make the notes. Upon the first trial the complaint was dismissed and the judgment entered upon such dismissal was subsequently reversed by the General Term, upon the ground that “ whether the president was authorized to make the notes should have been submitted to the jury.” As said in the opinion of the court: “ The inherent power of the defendant corporation to bind itself by promissory notes was not questioned on the trial. The sole question litigated at Circuit was whether the president of the defendant .had-authority to bind it by these promissory notes.” (82 Hun, 591.)

Upon additional evidence the inquiry must now be as to whether the same question should have been submitted to the jury, or whether the court was right in holding, as matter of law, that such authority was shown and that a direction of a verdict for the plaintiff was, therefore, proper. It is now made to appear that George H. Tread-well was the founder of the company, and prior to its incorporation in 1892 had been engaged as a fur manufacturer and dealer in Albany for years; upon its incorporation he became its president and general manager, and in either capacity seems to have taken upon himself the entire management of the business, manufacturing and financial. In the summer of 1893, during the financial distress, the company became in need of funds, which was known to the directors of the corporation. In December, 1892, and in the summer of 1893, the company delivered $20,000 of notes, just like the ones in suit, to the firm of Hotchkiss & Co., brokers, for discount, and the latter firm sent the company $15,000, which went into its treasury and was used by it in its business.

Treadwell testified that there were still other notes, signed in the same way as the ones in suit, which had been paid by the company, adding: It is true that in December, 1892, and in the winter of 1892 I was raising money for the needs of the manufacturing business of the company at Albany. I raised some by the signing and sale and discount of notes given by me in the same manner that the notes in suit were given, and some by acceptances of the company. I cannot say that the other officers of the company knew the method in which the manufacturing business was conducted at Albany. I cannot be responsible for what they knew or what they didn’t know. The company manufactured fur, and the moneys thus raised were used in the carrying on of that business. I think the other directors knew of the making of those notes. I can hardly give my reasons for that. They knew that the money was being raised, and they knew it was being raised by me in some way, and they were not doing anything at all to help the company. They were willing to let me do it, and they raised no objection to the manner in which I was doing it. It was their business to know about it. They were directors and officers, the same as I was. They saw the books of the company. The accounts were correctly kept. The moneys raised on those notes which I signed were entered in the books of the company, and the books were open to the inspection of the officers of the company.”

The evidence of this witness, upon whom the defense mainly relied, leaves no contrary inferences to be drawn, as it all points to' and tends to support the view that, so far as third parties were concerned in dealing with the notes of this company, signed, as they were, they had a right to conclude that they were authorized by the company. Other testimony besides this might be referred to as tending to show that the burden of raising money for the company by means of notes was placed upon George H. Treadwell as president and manager, and that he issued notes which were signed exactly as were the ones in suit, and that upon such notes moneys were realized which went into the treasury of the company and were used in its business, if not by the direct authorization or with the knowledge, at least with the acquiescence of the other directors. There was no question but that Mr. Treadwell acted honestly and in good faith in his dealings with Hotchkiss & Co. in his efforts to raise money for the company. The notes, therefore, had their inception honestly; they were put out for a worthy and necessary purpose. Nor is any claim made that the bank was not a bona fide holder of the notes for value. The evidence shows that the bank advanced, by way of loan to Hotchkiss & Co., the sum of $10,000, and received therefor, among other collateral security, notes of the Treadwell Company, for which, when the latter became due, the notes in suit were substituted.

The only fact appearing to impair the force and effect of the evidence adduced to show the authority of Mr. Treadwell to make the notes was a provision of the by-laws that the treasurer should, together with the president or the secretary, accept and endorse drafts and sign and endorse promissory notes ” of the company’s. In commenting upon these by-laws, which prescribed the power of the president and treasurer, and the argument based thereon that the note not having been signed by the treasurer is not binding upon the company, the court, upon the former appeal, said: In The National Spraker Bank v. George C. Treadwell Co. (80 Hun, 363) it was held that the fact that a promissory note was not signed by the defendant’s treasurer in accordance with the by-laws constitutes no defense to an action on a note in the hands of a bona fide holder, the corporation having received the benefit of the proceeds.” The trial judge, in stating his reasons for a direction, correctly said: “ I assume that the president of the company, Mr. Treadwell, had no direct authority as such, under the by-laws, to make promissory notes binding the company, and that by the restrictive provisions of those by-laws obligations of the company might only be executed in a certain way. That would not render a promissory npte signed in the way in which this was, and delivered under the circumstances under which the notes were delivered, of no force as against this corporation if it is made to appear in the case that the conduct of the corporation was such with reference to the acts of the president in similar matters as to produce a well-founded belief that he was authorized to make promissory notes of this character.”

This statement of the law is followed by a summary of the facts proven in the case, which leaves nothing to be added by us, and which, in our opinion, justified the ruling made, directing a verdict for the plaintiff.

We think the judgment was right and should be affirmed, with costs.

Van Brunt, P. J., Barrett’ and Williams, JJ., concurred.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.  