
    Matter of the Estate of Henry Russell Drowne, Jr., an Infant.
    (Surrogate’s Court, New York County,
    November, 1907.)
    Guardian and ward — Appointment, qualification and tenure of guardian— Proceedings for appointment — Notice or citation — To mother.
    Since the enactment of section 51 of the Domestic Relations law, which vests in the mother a legal right to the custody of the person of her child co-equal to that of the father, a guardian of the child may not be 'appointed, on the father’s petition, without notice to the mother.
    Application for the revocation of letters of guardianship.
    Hays & Hershfeld, for petitioner.
    Hamilton & Beckett, for respondent.
   Thomas, S.

The provisions of procedure for the appointment of a guardian of an infant under fourteen, on the petition of the father, the mother being alive, did not require notice to the mother, though it permitted such notice in the discretion of the surrogate. Code Oiv. Pro., §§ 2823, 2827. At the time of the enactment of the Code the father’s right of custody and control-of his infant children was superior to that of the mother, and the omission of the requirement of notice to the mother is in harmony with that rule of law. By the Domestic Delations Law it was enacted that “ a married woman is the joint guardian of her children with her husband, with equal powers, rights and duties in regard to them.” Laws of 1896, chap. 272, § 51. This effected a change in the law and vested in the mother a substantial legal right to the custody of the person of her child co-equal with that of her husband.' This right could not be taken away from her or cut down in any degree by the order or decree of any court without notice to her and opportunity for making defense. From that time the discretion of the surrogate, on an application for guardianship of the person of an infant child, to give or not to the mother due notice of such application became a duty and a necessary condition for acquiring jurisdiction.

In the present case no such notice was given, and on that ground alone and without any determination as to any other issue between the parties the decree, so- far as it awards guardianship of the person of the infant to the respondent, is vacated, without prejudice to the right of either party to apply for such guardianship on proper notice to the other.

Decreed accordingly.  