
    James W. Nichols and Sarah A. Nichols, as Executors, Plaintiffs, v. Emily Emmett, Defendant.
    (Supreme Court, New York Special Term,
    November, 1907.)
    Process-—Service — Substituted service — When authorized; Proof to warrant order.
    Where, upon motion to vacate an order authorizing substituted service of a summons and service made thereunder, it does not appear from the papers on which the order was founded that the defendant was within the State when the order was granted, or that she had avoided service so that personal service could not be made, or that proper and diligent effort had been made to serve her personally, the motion to vacate will be granted.
    Where, upon the motion for the order for substituted service, no claim was made that the place of defendant’s sojourn could not be ascertained, the right to the order must be based upon satisfactory proof that at the time it was granted defendant was within the State and avoiding personal service of the summons upon her; and an affidavit of plaintiff’s attorney that defendant was within the State to the best of Ms knowledge and belief, without stating the sources thereof, was insufficient.
    Where no intimation of a purpose or desire to serve the summons was given by the plaintiff’s attorney until three days before the motion for the order and then to defendant’s cousin, and there is no proof that such intimation was conveyed to defendant or that her cousin’s statement that she could not be seen, or her refusal to tell the attorney anything, was authorized by her, there ' is no satisfactory proof that defendant had avoided service.
    Motion to vacate and set aside an order authorizing substituted service of summons.
    Paul M. Grandell, for plaintiffs.
    Origen S. Seymour, for defendant.
   Fitzgerald, J.

This is a motion to vacate and set aside an order authorizing substituted service of summons and the service made thereunder, on the grounds, specified in the notice of motion, that it does not appear from the moving papers that the defendant was within the State when the order was granted or that she had avoided service so that personal service could not be made, or that proper and diligent effort had been Inade to serve her personally. Substituted service, as it is called, is authorized, and the proof to obtain an order therefor is prescribed by section 435 of the Code of Civil Procedure. In Smith v. Fogarty, 6 Civ. Pro., 366, 370, 371, it was held that such service is by section 437 of the said Code assimilated to service by publication, and application to the court and the same kinds of proofs are necessary in cases of the former as in cases of the latter method of service. The proceeding to obtain service . by publication is purely a statutory one, and the statute must be strictly followed. Wilson v. Lange, 40 Misc. Rep. 670; Young v. Fowler, 73 Hun, 179; Whiton v. Morning Journal Assn., 23 Misc. Rep. 299; Kendall v. Washburn, 14 How. Pr. 380. To authorize substituted service upon a defendant resident of this State section 435 requires the presentation to the court in the form of an affidavit of a person not a party to the action or of the return of the sheriff of the county of defendant’s residence of satisfactory proof that proper and diligent effort has been made to serve the summons upon the defendant, and'that the place of his sojourn cannot be ascertained, or, if he is within the State, that he avoids service so that personal service cannot be made. As was said in Maiello v. Maiello, 42 Misc. Rep. 266, 268, the said section provides for two contingencies only; or, as appears more fully from the opinion in Ottman v. Daly, 7 N. Y. Supp. 897, the section is special in its nature, intended only as a means of reaching runaway defendants whose place of sojourn cannot be ascertained after proper and diligent effort, and those who remain at home in the State but avoid service of process, and should not be successfully invoked against a defendant whose place of sojourn could be ascertained or who did not avoid service. In this case no claim whatever is made that the place of the defendant’s sojourn could not be ascertained, and the right to the order must, therefore, be based upon satisfactory proof />£ the fact that the defendant was when the order was granted within the State, and that she was then avoiding service so that personal service conid not be made. In the affidavit made by the plaintiff’s attorney, upon which the order was granted, there is no proof,.no statement of fact, showing that the defendant -was then within the State. One of the plaintiffs and his attorney saw her within the State, but that was more than four months before the order was obtained ; there is no proof that either of those persons or any one else saw her within the State subsequently to that occasion, although such proof might have been obtained from the unnamed “ people in the neighborhood,” referred to in the attorney’s affidavit, who told him “ that she rarely leaves the house” or “that she seldom comes out.” The plaintiff’s attorney himself states that the defendant is a woman of wealth; she could well afford a vacation, and it is not improbable that the summer months w'hich comprised the period between the date when she was seen at the window of her residence and-the date of the order were spent out of the city and, perhaps, State. It is true that the attorney says .in his affidavit that the defendant w-as within the State to the best of his knowledge and belief; hut as he does not state the sources of his knowledge and belief that allegation is insufficient. Wolter v. Liebmann, .52 Misc. Rep. 517; Maiello v. Maiello, supra; Wallace v. Baring, 21 App. Div. 477; Martin v. Aluminum Comp. Plate Co., 44 id. 412. Furthermore, it does not satisfactorily appear that the defendant has avoided service. Ho intimation of a purpose or desire to serve a summons upon the defendant was given by the plaintiff’s attorney to any person until but three days before application was made for the order. It was not then given to the defendant herself, but to her cousin, who opened the door of the residence for the plaintiff’s attorney. There is no proof that such intimation was thereupon conveyed to the defendant, or that her cousin’s statement that she could not he seen, or refusal to tell the attorney anything, was authorized by the defendant. Even assuming that the purpose and desire of the plaintiff’s attorney to serve a summons upon the defendant were then for the first time communicated to the latter, there is no proof of any subsequent avoidance of such service.

Motion granted. Ho costs.  