
    Hooe & Harrison v. The Mayor and Commonalty of Alexandria.
    A person who has right to do an act, has a right to the necessary means; and if, in the use of such means, a damage be sustained by another, the former is not liable.
    The principal is liable for the conduct of his agent while acting in his employment, although he act without or contrary to his order.
    Hull costs are allowed upon a verdict of one cent damages in an action upon the case for damages occasioned by raising the level of the street.
    Action on the case for filling up the street so as to shut up the windows and doors of the plaintiffs’ warehouses.
    
      Mr. Simms and Mr. Swann, for the plaintiffs,
    moved the Court to instruct the jury, “ that if it shall be their opinion that Faw was street commissioner for the corporation of Alexandria at the time when the injury was done, and was then in the actual employment of the corporation, then the corporation are liable for his conduct while in their actual employment as aforesaid, although in the execution of the said employment he should go beyond their express orders,”, and that if, in raising the street, any damage accrued to the plaintiffs, they were entitled to recover in this action. Leader v. Moxton, 3 Wils. 461; Meredith’s case. 4 T. R.. 794.
    
      Mr. Simms, for the plaintiffs.
    The Act of Assembly has copied the English statutes, and the decisions in Virginia have been similar to those in England, and have confined the meaning of the Act to actions of trespass, quare clausum fregit, although the words of the statutes, and of the Act, are, “ and all other actions personal.”
   Kilty, C. J.,

delivered the opinion of the Court. 1. The corporation have by law a right to pave the streets, and of course to raise or lower particular parts of any street, if such raising or lowering should be necessary for performing the work in a reasonable and proper manner ; and the individuals who may be injured by it, have no right of action for such injury, unless expressly given by Act of Assembly. But, if a wanton and unnecessary injury is done, an action may be sustained. 2. The corporation, if liable at all, are answerable for the conduct of their commissioner if he was acting under their authority, and was engaged in the work in which they employed him, when the injury, if any, was done, although he may have acted without their orders, or contrary to them. But if he committed an injury unconnected with the business in which he was employed, his being in the employ of the corporation will not make them liable. The jury having found a verdict for one cent damages, a question was made whether that would carry the costs in an action upon the case for injury done by raising the level of the street. The authorities cited were, the Virginia Rev. Code, p. 116, sec. 17, and the English statutes of 22 and 23 Car. 2, and 8 and 9 W. and M.

The CouRT allowed full costs.  