
    Merrell, Appellant, vs. Purdy and wife, Respondents.
    
      September 12
    
    October 9, 1906.
    
    
      Married women: Promissory notes: Separate property: Estoppel.
    A marriéd woman, though possessing separate property, is not liable in an action at law upon a promissory note signed by her with her husband, where it was not given for the purchase-price of any property bought or received by her, was not in any way necessary or beneficial to the management or enjoyment of her separate property or business, and did not relate to her personal services, and where there were no facts creating-an estoppel.
    Appeal from a judgment of the circuit court for Columbia county: E. Eat Stbvews, Circuit Judge.
    
      Affirmed.
    
    This is an action at law upon a joint and several promissory note for $3,000 given by the defendants, who are hus'band and wife, to the plaintiff August 28, 1901, payable one year after date. The defendant Helen M. Purdy defended on the ground that the debt represented by the note was her husband’s debt and that she signed the note as accommodation maker only. The case was tried before the court and a jury, and the following facts were practically undisputed:
    Prior to the year 1876 the defendant E. 8. Purdy and one Henry Merrell (father of the defendant Helen M.) were partners in the drug business at Portage, Wisconsin, and borrowed $3,000 of one Weir, for which they gave the firm note. Henry Merrell died in 1876 (the Weir note being still unpaid), leaving a will, which was duly probated, in which will he made a specific bequest of $3,000 to Gordon H. Merrell, his brother and the husband of the plaintiff, and bequeathed the residuum of his estate, after payment of specific bequests, to his three children, of whom Helen M. was one. The date of the settlement of the estate does not appear, but it is admitted that Helen M. received some property under the will prior to January, 1883, and invested it in business real estate in the city of Portage. In December, 1876, the executors of the Merrell estate, of whom E. S. Purdy was one, took $3,000 from the estate and took up the Weir note and turned it over to Gordon H. Merrell upon his legacy. Whether this was received by Gordon temporarily as security or permanently in payment of his legacy is disputed. Gordon held the Weir note until January 9, 1883, E. 8. Purdy paying the interest regularly, at which time the defendants executed and delivered their joint and several note to Gordon for .$3,000 and the Weir note was surrendered. Gordon Merrell died in 1888 and the plaintiff, as his heir at law, became the owner •of the note. E. 8. Purdy paid the interest regularly, and. in August, 1901, the defendants gave to the plaintiff the note in suit to take up the note of 1883. Upon this note interest was paid by E. 8. Purdy up to June 1, 1905, when the payments ceased and tbis action was brought. In 1882 tbe defendant Helen M. Purdy commenced tbe erection of a store building on ber lot in tbe city of Portage, and tbe plaintiff claims that at some time in tbe spring of that year E. 8. Purdy came to ber husband and stated that Helen could not. build ber building unless be would lend ber tbe money represented by tbe Weir note, and that tbe note of 1883 was executed in pursuance of that conversation. Tbe conversation was denied by E. 8. Purdy and there was no proof that Helen bad any knowledge of it. There was also evidence offered by tbe plaintiff to tbe effect that in 1899 tbe defendant Helen stated to one Miss Pettibone, who represented tbe plaintiff,, that ber husband bad transferred bis stock in tbe drug business to ber so that bis creditors could not trouble him, but that she considered Mrs. MerrelVs debt sacred. Tbis conversation was denied by Mrs. Purdy. Tbe court submitted to tbe jury questions for a special verdict, which with their answers are as follows:
    “(1) Did tbe defendant E. 8. Purdy represent to tbe plaintiff and to ber husband, before tbe note of January 9, 1883, was executed, that the defendant Helen M. Purdy could not put up ber building unless tbe note of January 9, 1883, was accepted in place of tbe Weir note? A. Tes. (2) Did tbe defendant Helen M. Purdy in 1899 represent to Miss Pettibone, representing tbe plaintiff, that tbe property of tbe defendant E. 8. Purdy bad been transferred to ber for tbe purpose of avoiding claims against him? A. Tes. (3) If your answer to tbe second question be ‘Tes,5 then did tbe plaintiff rely upon such representation when she accepted tbe note of August'28, 1901 ? A. Tes.55
    Tbe plaintiff moved for judgment on tbe special verdict against Helen M. Purdy, which motion being denied she moved to set aside tbe verdict and for a new trial, which motion being also denied, judgment was rendered against tbe defendant E. 8. Purdy for tbe amount of tbe note with costs, and in favor of tbe defendant Helen M. Purdy against tbe plaintiff without costs. From that part of the judgment in favor of Helen M. Purdy the plaintiff appeals.
    
      Daniel Ii. Grady, for the appellant.
    For the respondents there was a brief by J. H. Rogers and A. H. Blatchley, and oral argument by Mr. Blatchley.
    
   WiNsnow, J.

The question presented is the question as to the liability of a married woman upon a promissory note in an action at law. The principles governing the contracts of married women are fairly well settled in this state and may be briefly stated as follows: (1) A married woman, whether possessed of a separate estate or not, may purchase property, real or personal, and give her obligation for the purchase price, which obligation will bind her at law as if she were a feme sole, provided the title of the property purchased passes to her; and this she may do regardless of the purpose to which she intends to devote such property. Kriz v. Peege, 119 Wis. 105, 95 N. W. 108. (2) A married woman possessed of a separate estate or business, or who is rendering personal services to some person other than her husband, may make all contracts necessary or convenient for the management or enjoyment of the estate or the carrying on of the business, or relating to her personal services, and such contracts will be enforceable at law. Mueller v. Wiese, 95 Wis. 381, 70 N. W. 485; Ritter v. Bruss, 116 Wis. 55, 92 N. W. 361. (3) A married woman possessing separate property may bind herself at law by estoppel. S. D. Seavey Co. v. Campbell, 115 Wis. 603, 91 N. W. 655. (4) A married woman may by proper instrument charge her separate property for any obligation, even for her husband’s debt, but this charge is only enforceable in equity. Mueller v. Wiese, supra; Hollister v. Bell, 107 Wis. 198, 83 N. W. 297; Loizeaux v. Fremder, 123 Wis. 193, 101 N. W. 423.

It is only necessary to apply these propositions to the undisputed facts of the present case to arrive at a conclusion as to the correctness of the judgment. It will be at once seen that the fourth proposition has no possible application to the •case as there was no attempt here to charge Mrs. Purdy’s separate estate, and the action is a straight action at law to enforce a legal liability. It is equally apparent that the first proposition does not apply because Mrs. Purdy neither bought nor received any separate property when she signed the note of 1883 or the renewal note of 1901.

This leaves only the second and third propositions to be •considered. At the time of the execution of the joint note in 1883 Mrs. Purdy had a separate estate composed of the store building and lot, and possibly some remaining interest- in the residuum of the estate of Henry Merrell, although the evidence leaves this latter element in doubt. Assuming such to be the fact, however, it is impossible to see how the execution •of that note by Mrs. Purdy was in any way necessary or beneficial to the management or enjoyment of any of her property. The evidence is positive and uncontradicted that none of the money represented by that note went into her real estate. True, there is evidence that Mr. Purdy in 1882 represented f o Gordon Merrell that Mrs. Purdy could not build her building without it, but there was no evidence that she authorized -such representation, and, as said before, the evidence was un-. •contradicted that it did not, in fact, go into the building. Did the giving of that note in any way benefit or conserve her residuary interest in the estate of Henry Merrell ? The answer to this question depends upon whether Gordon Merrell had released his claim for the $3,000 legacy prior to the exe•cution of the note or whether he released it in consideration of such execution. If that claim had previously been released, then it is plain that the estate could in no way be benefited by the subsequent execution of the note. The written release was not found and the evidence does not fix its date. Two witnesses testified as to the time it was given^ viz., Mr. P’urdy and the plaintiff. Mr. Purdy testifies that it was given, he thinks, in December, 1816, and the plaintiff testifies that it was given in the spring of 1882. There is absolutely no testimony that it was given at any later date or in consideration of the execution of the note of 1883; hence there is no room for a claim that the estate of Henry Merrell received any benefit by the execution of the note. The second proposition, therefore, has no application to the case.

The claim of estoppel is equally untenable. Accepting the answers of the jury in the special verdict as true, no estoppel is shown. The representation found to have been made by Mr. Purdy was not authorized by Mrs. Purdy, nor was it shown to have caused any change of position on the part of Cordon Merrell. The representation made by Mrs. Purdy in 1899 as to the transfer of her husband’s property to her Avas followed by no change of position on the part of Mrs. Merrell. The neAV note Avas simply a renewal of the old. No security was surrendered or lost by Mrs. Merrell by reason of this renewal, nor was there any change of position.

The view we have taken of the case renders immaterial any discussion of the rulings upon eiúdence.

By the Gourt. — Judgment affirmed.  