
    The City of New York, Plaintiff, v. The United States Trust Company of New York, Individually and as Trustee; Estella J. Jordan Johnstone, Individually and as Executrix, Etc., of Louis J. Jordan, Deceased; Henry J. Jordan, Maria Jordan and Annie Reuff (née Annie Jordan), Defendants.
    (Supreme Court, New York Special Term,
    August, 1901.)
    Trust — Assailable when created by a life tenant and remaindermen to avoid a judgment debt of their testator.
    Where a city has recovered a judgment against a debtor, whose will provided for the payment of his just debts and thereafter for a life estate in all his remaining property to his widow and executrix, she, where she has never accounted, cannot, by a trust created after his death by her and by his children, the lawful reversioners, for their benefit and covering his whole property, defeat the city from reaching the trust property and obtaining payment of its judgment.
    Action by the plaintiff, as a judgment creditor1 of Louis J. Jordan, deceased, against the United States Trust Company and the beneficiaries under a certain trust agreement, for a judgment declaring the plaintiff a judgment creditor of the decedent Jordan to the extent of the judgment; that as such creditor the plaintiff has a lien upon the trust fund in the hands of the said trust company prior to the creation of said trust, and that the said trust company pay the plaintiff the amount of said judgment remaining unsatisfied, with costs.
    John Whalen, Corporation Counsel, and Charles Blandy, for plaintiff.
    Edward W. Sheldon (George L. Shearer and W. A. W. Stewart, of counsel), for defendant United States Trust Co.
    Jurden E. Seeley, for defendant Johnstone, individually and as executrix.
   Clarke, J.

On the 20-th day of June, 1882, the mayor, aider-men and commonalty of the city of New York, plaintiff’s predecessor, obtained a judgment against Louis J. Jordan in the sum of $3,371.92. Execution Was thereafter duly issued and returned wholly unsatisfied. On the 15th of November, 188-1-, there was paid on account of said judgment by Mrs. Estella J. Jordan, his wife, the sum of $250. Otherwise said judgment remains unsatisfied. On or before the 26th of February, 1889, Louis J. Jordan, the judgment debtor, died, leaving a last will and testament, wherein after providing for the payment of his just debts and funeral expenses, and for the maintenance, support and education of his children, he gave, devised and bequeathed all the rest, residue and remainder of his estate to his said wife, to be used and enjoyed by her during her .natural life, and appointed her sole executrix. The will was duly probated and letters testamentary issued to Mrs. Jordan. She duly advertised for claims against the estate and none were proved. The estate consisted of $16,954.90 collected on a- policy of insurance which was made payable to the ■insured’s executors, administrators and assigns. The executrix never filed any account with the surrogate and was never discharged as executrix. But on or'about the 13th of March, 1889, she-delivered to the United States Trust Company, the said sum of $16,954.90, the entire property of the estate of Jordan, under an agreement in which it was provided that, the said trust company should receive and hold said moneys as trustee, to apply the income thereof to the use of two daughters of sáid Louis J. Jordan, in equal shares during their lives, and on their death to transfer the entire estate to his son, Henry J. Jordan, etc.

This trust agreement was executed by Mrs. Jordan and the son, Henry J., and subsequently a confirmatory agreement was executed and delivered by the daughters and releases were executed by all the children —■ who were the reversioners under the will ■— to Mrs. Jordan, the executrix, wherein and whereby they waived any judicial accounting by her, and provided that said releases should be regarded as constituting in all respects a full and complete ratification and discharge from her executorship. Outside of this trust fund there is no property of Jordan’s estate. The city now brings suit against the trust company, the widow and executrix, and the three children, beneficiaries under the trust agreement, asking judgment decreeing that it is a creditor of the decedent to the extent of the judgment; that as. such it has a lien upon said trust fund prior to the creation of said trust, and that the trust company pay to it" the unsatisfied amount of said judgment, with interest. Upon the death of Louis J. Jordan his estate became liable for the payment of his just debts. Upon his executrix, vested with the legal title to the personal estate, devolved the duty of paying those debts not only by operation of law but by the express terms of the will. After the payment of the debts, she was given a life estate in decedent’s property, and by operation of law, with reversion over to his next of. kin — his children. Instead of paying this judgment debt, of which she was cognizant, and instead of retaining possession of the estate and enjoying it during her life, she elected to pay the entire amount coming into her hands over to the trust company under a trust agreement which disposes of the property in a different way than that contemplated in the will, and there it stands to this day. While no case, exactly on all fours with the case at bar has been cited to the court it would seem that, with all the parties and all the facts before the court in an equity suit, it ought not to be difficult or impossible for the court to find and apply a remedy. The fund which Mrs. Jordan disposed of by the trust agreement was received by her in her representative capacity, impressed with the duty of paying plaintiff’s judgment debt. She has treated it as her own and disposed of it in toto, and it still exists intact. The legal title to it is in the trust company, but the beneficial use is in certain of the next of kin of decedent. It was only after the payment of just debts that it was applicable to any pun-pose. If it still remained in the hands of the executrix, or if it had been distributed to legatees, it might be reached by appropriate proceedings; can it be that by putting it in trust, in violation of her own duty first to pay debts, plaintiff must be defeated? To be sure, this is not an action under section 1837 of the Code. Such an action cannot be brought, as there has been no payment of legacies to legatees. The legal title is not under the will, but the trust deed. Fo precise code provision can, perhaps, be pointed out under which an action could be maintained. But there is the fund out of which this creditor should have been satisfied. All parties are before the court, the defenses interposed are solely technical objections to the form of the action, and hence I find myself constrained to direct judgment for the plaintiff.

Judgment for plaintiff.  