
    Addison Crawford, Appellant, v. Elizabeth C. Ormsbee and Clarence Ormsbee, as Executors, etc., of John A. Crawford, Deceased, Respondents.
    
      JUstoppel in pais—a statement by a life tenant, that he has no claim againét^the estate, inducing the execution to him of a deed of the fee.
    
    In an action brought to recover the amount of a claim against the estate of John A. Crawford, it appeared that the plaintiff, a son of the deceased, being dissatisfied with his father’s will, under which he was given a life interest in certain premises, threatened to contest it, and on the morning of the day when the will was to bo probated he requested of the executors, one of whom was vested with the remainder in the premises in which the plaintiff was given the life interest, that a quit-claim deed of the premises be executed to him; to which the rever-. sioner replied: “Before I execute this deed, I want to know if you intend putting in a claim against the estate;” to this the plaintiff answered, “1-have no claim against the estate; ” whereupon the reversioner and her husband executed a deed which vested the plaintiff with the fee of the premises.
    
      .Held, that the transaction contained all the essential elements of an estoppel in pais and that the plaintiff could not maintain this action.
    Appeal by the plaintiff, Addison Crawford, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendants, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Orange on the 2d day of December, 1895, upon the report of a referee after confirmation by the court.
    
      This action was commenced by the service upon the defendants, who were executors of John A. Crawford, deceased, of a verified claim for services alleged to have been rendered to the deceased by' the claimant, a son of the said John A. Crawford. The claim was referred under the statute and the referee found in favor of the defendants, dismissing the claim.
    
      William F. O’Neill, for the appellant.
    
      Albert H. F. Seeger, for the respondents.
   Hatch, J.:

The referee found that among the inducing causes for the execution of the deed of the farm, in which plaintiff had a life interest, and by which he became vested with the fee* was the statement that he had no claim against the estate. This finding was supported by the testimony. It was undisputed that plaintiff was dissatisfied with the division of the estate made by the will of his father, and he sought to produce a more favorable condition in this regard by inducing the other legatees under the will to quit claim to him their interest in the farm; and to this end it appears that he threatened a contest of the will when offered for probate. On the morning when the will was to be probated he met the exécutors, one of whom was vested with the remainder of the farm in which plaintiff was given the life interest, and requested that a quit-claim deed be executed to him. Thereupon the reversioner, Mrs. Ormsbee, said to plaintiff: cc Before I execute this deed, I want to know if you intend putting in a claim against the estate,” to which plaintiff replied: I have no claim against the estate.” Mrs. Ormsbee and .her husband testify that, in consideration of this statement, they executed the deed. Plaintiff’s attention was called explicitly to this testimony, and the interview at which the claimed statement was made, and he was asked if any such conversation took place, to which he replied : “ I do not recollect anything about it; I don’t think there was anything said about a bill against the estate at that time.” This answer did not constitute a denial of the testimony; on the contrary, it impresses the mind as being evasive of the question. It was an important transaction in which the parties were engaged; they were endeavoring to produce a condition which should he satisfactory to the plaintiff, and, at the same time, to avert any attack upon the descent of the property under the will. The desire of the executors was to compose all of the matters and prevent disturbance of the descent. That was what the parties were met for, and it is highly improbable that plaintiff would not have recollected a conversation so pregnant of results to him if it had taken place, or but that he could have stated positively that it did not take place if such was the fact. His recollection upon all other subjects connected with the transaction was clear, and his failure of memory in this respect leads us to the conclusion that plaintiff was not willing to deny what had evidently taken place. The referee found that this statement was one of the inducing causes which led to the execution of the deed which enlarged his life estate to a fee simple absolute, and in consequence plaintiff was estopped from making any claim against his father’s estate. We.think the referee was clearly right in this finding, and in his conclusion of law based thereon. The transaction contained all the essential elements of an estoppel in pais. The admission was clearly inconsistent with his present attitude and testimony, and the claim which he asserts. The executors acted upon the truth of this admission and executed the deed, and, if the claim, be now allowed, damage will be suffered by a diminution of the estate and consequent injury to the residuary legatee, Mrs. Ormsbee, who executed the deed. These conditions have uniformly been held sufficient to create an estoppel. (Dezell v. Odell, 3 Hill, 215, dissenting opinion by Bronson, J.; approved in Finnegan v. Carraher, 47 N. Y. 493; Trustees y. Smith, 118 id. 634; Kingsley v. Vernon, 4 Sandf. 361.)

The same doctrine is also recognized and applied in many other cases. (Stillings v. Haggerty, 36 N. Y. St. Repr. 449; affd. on appeal, 126 N. Y. 638; Continental N. Bank v. N. Bank of the Commonwealth, 50 id. 575.)

The judgment appealed from should be affirmed, with costs.

All concurred.

Judgment affirmed, with costs. ■  