
    Dart and Another v. Stewart and Another.
    If a conveyance be made colorably, with actual intent to defraud existing creditors, it maybe avoided by subsequent creditors; in other words, evidence of collusion against existing creditors, is sufficient evidence of fraud against subsequent creditors.
    APPEAL from the Bloc1 ford Circuit Court.
   Davison, J.

The appellants, who were the plaintiffs, brought this action against Wellington Stewart and Sarah Stewart, his wife, alleging in their complaint these facts: In August 1858, Wellington Stewart, with his own money, purchased of one Lewis Bailey, a tract of land in Blackford county, and received irom him a deed in fee simple therefor, described as the southwest quarter of section 4, in township 23, range 10 east; also thirty acres out of the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of the same section, township and range. After this, on December Q, then next following, S'cwarf, without consideration, and with intent to defraud his creditors, conveyed the lands described to one Leonard Close, who was then notoriously insolvent, and afterward, on the same day, Close, without any consideration whatever, conveyed the same lands to Sarah Stewart, the wife of WeL lington. Stewart; she, the said Sarah, thus knowingly and fraudulently assisting her husband to defraud his then creditors, and those to whom he might thereafter become indebtedi

Stewart, when he conveyed to Close, was largely indebted, and was not worth half the value of the land, which was then estimated at $4,000. And afterward, on October 24, 185G, being engaged in the mercantile business, he represented to the plaintiffs that he was the owner of the above described land, and that it was worth $30 per acre. By means of these representations, the plaintiffs were induced to sell him store goods of the value of $2,000, for which he gave them his promissory notes, and out of the proceeds of the sale of the goods thus purchased, he paid at least one half of the purchase money of the land. It is averred that upon the notes given for the goods, the plaintiffs, at the Oc’ober term, 1857, recovered a judgment in the Blac’ford Circuit Court against Stewart, for $1,000, and that an execution, issued upon said judgment has been returned “ nulla bona.”

Tire relief prayed is, that the deeds to Close, and from him to Sarah S. ewart, be annulled, &c., and that the land be sold for the payment of the judgment, &c. Demurrer to the complaint sustained, and final judgment for the defendant.

The only question to settle in the case is, do the facts stated in the complaint constitute a sufficient cause of action ? As we understand them, Stewart, while legally indebted, conveyed the land in question to Leonard Close, who conveyed it to S'eioartls wife. These conveyances were executed on the same day, were made without consideration, with intent “to defraud his then creditors, and those to whom he might thereafter become indebted.” The rule applicable to cases of this sort, may be thus stated: “If a conveyance be made colorably, with actual intent to defraud existing creditors, it may be avoided by subsequent creditors; in other words, evidence of collusion against existing creditors, is sufficient evidence of fraud against subsequent creditors. 1 Am. Lead. Cases, p. 71, and authorities there cited; 1 Story’s Eq. Jur., § 361; Pennington v. Clifton, 11 Ind. 162; Ruffing v. Tilton, 12 Ind. 259. This exposition is no doubt correct, and being so, it will at once be seen that the plaintiffs, upon the case made, are entitled to recover, because the complaint charges an actual intent to defraud both existing and subsequent creditors. In our opinion, the demurrer was not well taken.

A. J. Neff, and ]f. March, for the appellants.

Per Ouriam. — The judgment is reversed, with costs. Cause remanded, &c.  