
    The People, ex rel. Charles A. Richmond, vs. The Pacific Mail Steamship Company and others.
    A stockholder in an incorporated company cannot be deprived of the right to inspect the books of the company, because they are kept in a particular way, or because they contain, along with the information to wlitch he is entitled, other information which he has no right to demand. The company cannot be permitted to defeat the objects of the statute by omitting to keep the book prescribed.
    If a corporation does not keep the books which the statutes prescribe, it is their duty to permit an inspection of such as they do keep for the purpose of recording the transactions which the statutes give the stockholders the right to know. And such right of inspection may be enforced by mandamus.
    
    Where the corporation does not deny that an inspection of its stock ledger would give the stockholder requiring an inspection, the information which he has a right to have, it cannot justify its refusal to exhibit the same on the ground that it is a book of accounts between the company and their shareholders, and shows their dealings in the stock of the company; that it is always regarded as confidential between the parties concerned, and that the information it contains might be used for improper purposes.
    MOTION for a mandamus directing the defendants to permit an inspection of hooks. The relator, a stockholder in the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, having applied for an inspection of the transfer books of the company, and the book or books containing the names of the stockholders, was offered the transfer books, and two books containing registers of certificates of stock, extending back to 1864. The corporation has no stock list, nor do they keep the book which, the 13th section of their charter, (Laws of 1848, p. 398,) requires them to keep. The relator states that, to ascertain who hold stock in the company, and the number of shares, would require an examination of every entry in the books offered, and in any book of the same description, going' back to the organization of the company, in 1848 ; and that he afterwards demanded an inspection of the stock ledger, which was refused. He then states what a stock ledger is, and shows that an inspection of it would give him the information sought.
    
      A. J. Vanderpoel and James Emott, for the stockholders.
    
      C. N. Potter, Wm. M. Evarts and C. O’Conor, for the company.
   Gilbert, J.

The company do not deny that an inspection of the stock ledger would give the relator the information which he has a right to have, but they justify their refusal to exhibit it bn the ground that it is a book of accounts between the company and their shareholders, and shows their dealings in the stock of the company; that it is always regarded as confidential between, the parties concerned, and -that the information it contains might he used for improper purposes.

A case is not made, which, under the rules of the common law, entitles the relator to a mandamus. (Taylor’s Ev. § 1102. Grant on Cor. 311.) His right to the remedy ■sought, depends on the construction to he given to the thirteenth section of the company’s charter, and the first section .of title 4, chapter 18, part 1, of the Revised Statutes. ,(1 B. S. 601, § 1.) The charter provides as follows :

Section 13. It shall he the duty of the said corporation to cause a book to be kept by the treasurer or clerk thereof, containing the names of all persons who are, or shall, within two years, have been stockholders in said corporation, and showing their places of residence, the number of shares of stock held by them, respectively, and the time when they ■respectively became the owners of such shares ; which book shall at all reasonable times be open for the inspection of the creditors and stockholders of the said corporation, at the .office or principal place of business of said corporation.”

The' charter also confers the usual power to make by-laws. The 18th by-law provides that in ascertaining the number of votes on which each stockholder is entitled to vote at the election of directors, the inspectors shall be governed by the number of shares standing in his name, as shown by the stock ledger after the closing of the transfer books preparatory to such election. By the Revised Statutes, the book or books of any incorporated company in this state, in which the transfer of any stock in any such company shall be registered, and the books containing the names of the stockholders in any such company, shall be open to examination by any such stockholder.”

This latter' enactment was first made in the memorable act to prevent fraudulent bankruptcies of corporations, passed in 1825. The provision of the .charter is in aid of the objects of this statute, and in the determination of this question both are to be taken- together. Being remedial acts, and also beneficial to the public, they should be equitably construed, so as to promote and not impede or frustrate the objects intended. (Cotheal v. Brouwer, 1 Seld. 565. Reviser’s notes, 5 Edm. Stat. 280.)

- The question, then, is whether the stock ledger is embraced within the designation of the books which the statutes cited give the relator a right to inspect or examine. If it is, I think the duty of enforcing the right by mandamus exists, and under the circumstances of this case, is the appropriate and only remedy. (People v. Throop, 12 Wend. 185.)

Turning, then, first to the Bevised Statutes, I think it clear that a right of inspection generally is not given, but that it is restricted to the register of transfers and the list of stockholders ; or if such books are not formally kept, to snch books as the company do keep, for the purpose of showing the original ownership of the stock, and the changes which shall have occurred from time to time in such ownership. The book prescribed by the charter is such a book. It is a register of transfers and a stock list combined. The stock ledger, although not exactly the book prescribed by the charter, will serve all the purposes of that book. The books offered do not answer these purposes. They contain the original transactions merely ; whereas the statutes give a right to inspect the accounts, or registration of them. The stock ledger is such an account or register, although it contains more than the legislature intended. It is the only book kept by the company, an inspection of which would secure the objects of the statutes. The charter provides for the obtaining of the requisite information in the summary and convenient mode which the book would afford. The company cannot be permitted to defeat these objects, by omitting to keep the book prescribed. The statutes do not point out the mode in which the books shall he kept, but describe them by a reference to the contents of them. A stockholder cannot be deprived of the right to inspect them . because they are kept in a particular way, or because they contain along with the information to which he is entitled, other information which he has no right to demand.

These statutes were passed for the benefit of the stockholders, and for the government of the company. The right, of inspection is a substantial one ; the object of it being to aid the stockholder in promoting thé interests of the. company and his own, by the choice of directors.

Although the legislature did not intend to create an offensive or vexatious espionage, yet if such an • evil results from the willful neglect of the company to keep the books, which would secure the right of the stockholder to inspect, without producing the evil, it is not the fault of the stockholder, but that of the company, and such neglect ought not to operate to his prejudice. To justify the refusal of the company to show the only book, the inspection of which would secure the right granted by the statutes to the stockholder, would, in effect, enable corporations to defeat or render nugatory the statutes,, by means of a willful omission of duty by the officers of such corporation.

This cannot be tolerated. If the corporation does not keep the books which the statutes prescribe, it is its duty to permit an inspection of such as it does keep for the purpose of recording the transactions, which the statutes give the stockholders the right to know.

It may be added that the by-law referred to, makes the stock ledger evidence of the stock held by each stockholder. Every stockholder has a right to know, who are qualified voters, and the number óf votes each stockholder is entitled ' to cast. (1 JSeld. 567.) How can he acquire this information otherwise than by an inspection of this book ? It is said it would be wrong to issue the high prerogative writ of mandamus, for reasons of convenience merely. The Answer to this is, that the relator is under no obligation to' accept a substitute for that to which he is legally entitled. Ho power is vested in the officers of the company to compel him to take any thing in lieu of that which the statutes give him. (1 Seld. supra.)

[Kings Special Term,

November 4 1867.

Such are my conclusions upon the case. It follows, therefore, that the motion must he granted.

Gilbert, Justice.]  