
    CROUNSE against FITCH.
    
      Court of Appeals ;
    
    
      June Term, 1868.
    Evidence.—Value of Hoods.—Impeaching Witness
    For the purpose of showing" the value of household furniture at a given time, it is competent to prove what it sold for at a public sale three months afterwards.
    Such lapse of time is not sufficient to justify the exclusion of the evidence; but if anything occurred in the interim materially affecting the value, it is competent for*the adverse party to show it.
    In an action against the indorser of a promissory note, where the defense was that the circumstances under which the plaintiffs obtained the note amounted to a payment of it by them, for the benefit of the maker, proof that the maker had previously declared that he would borrow money from the plaintiffs to pay the note,—Held, inadmissible.
    The declaration of the maker of a note that the same is paid, not made at the time of the transaction which constituted the payment, nor made in the presence of the holder, should not be received.
    Where, on cross-examination, a party takes the testimony of the witness to new and collateral matter not pertinent to the issue, he is not at lib-„ erty to give evidence to contradict the witness in this respect.
    A conversation between copartners, to the effect that they will make a profit by purchasing a certain note, directly followed by their advancing the amount of the note to the holder, is not admissible m their own favor, as proof of their intention in procuring the note, and to determine the character of the transaction.
    Appeal from a judgment.
    
      This action was brought by Conrad A. Crounse and William Crounse, respondents, against Ebenezer A. Fitch and A. Crounse, upon a promissory note. The defenses were, 1. That Fitch was the surety of P. A. Crounse, and that while the latter was responsible- Fitch requested the holder, after the note became due, to proceed and collect it of the principal, but the holder neglected so to do until P. A. Crounse became insolvent. 2. That the note had been paid by the principal.
    Upon the trial at circuit, numerous exceptions were taken by the defendants to the rulings of the judge, upon the admissibility of evidence, which appear in the opinion.
    The jury rendered a verdict for the plaintiffs, upon which judgment was rendered, and was affirmed by the supreme court at general term, reported in 14 Abb. Pr., 346, where the evidence is stated. The defendant Fitch appealed to the court of appeals.
    
      Tremain & PecIcTiam, for the appellants.
    
      Samuel Hand, for the respondents.
   Grover, J.

No exceptions having been taken to the charge of the judge to the jury, that must be assumed to have been correct. This leaves for examination by this court only the exceptions taken by the defendant to the rulings of the court upon the competency of evidence.

In considering these exceptions, the questions in issue must be kept in view. These were: First, whether, after the maturity of the note, the surety, Fitch, while his principal, Crounse, was solvent, requested the holder to proceed and collect the note of the principal, and whether the holder delayed to prosecute until the principal became insolvent; and, Second, whether the note had been paid by the principal.

Upon the first issue the only question made, as appears by the case, was whether the principal debtor, Crounse, was solvent at the time the request was made by Fitch to collect the note of him. This, it appears, led to an inquiry as to the value of the property owned by him at the time of the request (December, 1856).

For the purpose of showing the value of a portion of the property (certain hotel furniture), the plaintiff offered to prove what it sold for at a public sale in March, 1857. The judge held the evidence competent, to which the defendant excepted. I think this ruling was correct.

It was held in Campbell v. Woodworth (20 N. Y., 499), that the price for which goods sold at public auction was competent evidence for the consideration of a jury upon the question of the value of the goods. In this case the question was as to the value of the furniture in December. The sale was in March thereafter. • The difference in time is not so great, when the kind of property in question is considered, as to justify the exclusion of the evidence. If anything had occurred between December and March materially affecting the value of the furniture, it was competent for the defendant to show it, and thus enable the jury upon all the evidence to determine its value in December.

Upon the issue of payment by the principal, Crounse, the case shows that the only question at the trial was whether, when the plaintiff paid Ogsbury, the holder, the amount of the note, he did it as purchaser of the note from him, or whether he loaned the money to the principal, and the note was paid by him therewith to the holder.

Upon this issue it is manifest that all statements made by the principal to the holder of the note, not in presence of the plaintiffs, or either of them, and of which they had no knowledge at the time they advanced the money, were inadmissible to affect their rights.

The judge was right in excluding the statements made by the principal to Ogsbury, that he would borrow the money of the plaintiffs and pay the note. There was nothing tending to show that either of the plaintiffs knew anything of these statements. They formed no part of the res gestee. The understanding of Ogsbury as to the effect of the transaction was properly excluded. The plaintiffs knew nothing of this. The rights of the plaintiffs must be determined by what was said and done at the time they paid the money.

At first view it would appear that Ogsbury, the agent, who transacted the business with the plaintiffs for the holder, should have been permitted to answer the question whether he delivered the note to the plaintiffs, and whether he sold it to them. But the case shows that he was permitted to and did testify to all that was said and done on that occasion. From these latter facts the effect of the transaction was to be determined. The witness had no right to express any opinion upon their effect after testifying fully to all that was said and done. An answer to the question would have been nothing more.

The declarations of the principal to Ogsbury, the agent, after the completion of the business, as they were leaving the store, were not admissible. • They were no part of the res gestae. They were not made in the hearing of the plaintiffs. Their being made directly after the completion of the business does not affect the question. Whether made minutes, hours, or days after, they were equally incompetent. The evidence that the principal said the note was paid, was properly excluded. He was introduced as a witness by the plaintiffs, and examined as to his property and the incumbrances thereon, and the debts owing by him, but gave no evidence as to whether the note had been paid. The statement, therefore, did not contradict any testimony given by him. When the defendant, upon cross-examination, inquired of him whether he had made such statement, he was concluded by his answer that he had not. The statement, if made, was collateral to any testimony given by the witness. The witness could not be impeached by proof that he had never made the statement. This can only be done when the statement tends to contradict the testimony of the witness.

The evidence that the plaintiffs, in a conversation between themselves, after "being applied to for the money, said one to the other that it was best to purchase, was not competent, and the defendant’s exception thereto was well taken. On this ground the judgment must be reversed and a new trial granted, unless it clearly appears from the case that the defendant could not have received any prejudice from the testimony. It will so appear if, after striking out this testimony, the evidence was such that it would have been the duty of the judge to direct the jury to find that the plaintiffs purchased the note and did not lend the money to the principal to pay the note to the holder. There was no conflict in the evidence upon these points. It was, in substance, that the agent of the holder and the principal went to the store of the plaintiffs together, and there Peter Crounse, the principal debtor, told one of the plaintiffs that the agent had a good note and wished him to cash it. That he declined. That shortly after, this plaintiff had a short conference with the other plaintiff, and upon his return said perhaps he could borrow the money. That he then went out and shortly returned with money in his hand. That they then cast the interest on the note, and this plaintiff paid him, the agent, the amount, and left the note on the counter, and went away with the money.

This evidence conclusively proves a. purchase of the note ; and a verdict negativing the purchase, and finding it was a loan to Crounse, the principal, and a payment of the note by him, would have been set aside as against evidence. The fact that Crounse, the principal, the night before sent the agent of the holder to the plaintiffs to see if they would not cash the note, and that he went and told them that he had been sent by him to see if they would cash it, does not alter the case.

Had the plaintiffs given him the money then for the note, the only conclusion to be drawn therefrom would have been that they purchased it. There was not the slightest proof that they loaned the money to Crounse, the principal debtor. In the absence of the testimony in question, the only conclusion that could have been drawn from the remaining proof was, that the note was purchased by the plaintiffs. The defendant could not have been prejudiced by the error in receiving it.

The jugdment must be affirmed.  