
    Emma Rothchild, doing Business as E. Rothchild & Co., Respondent, v. Alvin J. Schwarz, Appellant.
    (Supreme Court, Appellate Term,
    July, 1899.)
    1. Conversion. — When maintainable, against agent, for money.
    An action for conversion cannot be maintained against a person who receives money in a fiduciary capacity unless he is bound to turn over the identical money.
    (MaeLean, J., dissenting.)
    
      2. Same — Declarations of third party.
    Where the issue is whether the defendant has as agent collected money which was due the plaintiff, she cannot prove collection by a letter of her debtor in which he states to her that' he has paid the defendant, as such a letter is only the unverified declaration of a third party.
    Appeal by the defendant from a judgment rendered in favor of the plaintiff in the Seventh District Municipal Court, borough of Manhattan.
    Weil & Eschwege, for appellant.
    Jacob M. ■ Gruedalia, for respondent.
   Freedman, P. J.

The pleadings in this action were oral and the complaint was for the conversion of money collected by the defendant, as agent, “ acting in a fiduciary capacity,” and the defense was a general denial.

The plaintiff was the only witness sworn in the case, and from his testimony it appears that on December 23, 1898, the defendant having a bill against John Wanamaker of the city of Hew York, upon which he claimed there was a balance due to him of $122.66, asked the plaintiff to buy the account. The plaintiff advanced to the defendant the sum of $75 and took an assignment of the account, the defendant agreeing to collect the bill, as agent of the plaintiff, and when he collected it to pay to the plaintiff the sum of °$85. Subsequently the defendant paid to the plaintiff the sum of $40 and the plaintiff claiming the defendant had collected the whole amount of the bill from Wanamaker, brought this action and recovered a judgment for the sum of $45, as for a conversion of personal property, against the defendant. Upon the trial the plaintiff, for the purpose of showing that the account against Wanamaker had been paid to the defendant, offered in evidence a letter claimed to have been received by her from Wanamaker, showing payment to the defendant by Wanamaker. This letter was received in evidence against the objection and exception of the defendant. This was error. Ho evidence was adduced establishing the genuineness of the signature of Wanamaker, and, even if such additional proof had been given, the letter constituted only the unverified declaration of a third party and as such was not binding upon the defendant.'

Moreover, the judgment cannot be maintained as for a conversion of personal property. Conversion has reference to specific articles of property which are owned by the plaintiff or to-which he has the right of immediate possession. It does not apply to money, when the receipt of it creates only a debt to the plaintiff, as in the case at bar. An action for conversion cannot be maintained against a person who receives money in a fiduciary capacity, unless he is bound to turn over the identical money. Farrelly v. Hubbard, 84 Hun, 391; Casanges v. Karam, 26 Misc. Rep. 797; 56 N. Y. Supp. 212; Herrmann Furniture & Plumbers’ Cabinet Works v. Hyman, 28 Misc. Rep. 567.

Judgment reversed, new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide the event.

Leventbitt, J., concurs.

MacLean, J.

(concurring). I concur in the result for the reason, as given by the learned presiding justice, that the letter attributed to Wanamaker was, at best, the declaration of a third party and not binding upon the defendant, but I do not assent to the doctrine .last stated in the opinion, upon the authority of 84 Hun, 391.

Judgment reversed, new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event.  