
    Sisson vs. Barrett.
    A promissory note was executed by A., B. and C., A being the principal debtor. C., the last signer, added the word “ surety”' to his signature. Held, that without extrinsic proof, C was not to be deemed a surety for both the othet makers.
    
    And, therefore, where B. and C. had each paid one half the note to the holder, farther held, that C. could not recover against B. for money paid.
    A special verdict, or finding of a judge in the nature of a special verdict where trial by jury is waived, should find all the conclusions of fact, so as to leave nothing for further determination, except questions of law. Sisson v. Barrett, 6 Barb. 199, affirmed.
    Jacob Sisson brought assumpsit in the supreme court, against Caleb D. Barrett and Edward L. Barrett, for money paid to their use. Caleb D. Barrett pleaded the general issue, and the case was tried before Barculo, J. at the Dutchess county circuit, in December, 1848. Trial by jury was waived, and the judge found the following facts: On the 1st of January, 1842, the plaintiff and defendants gave their note to William Davis, as follows:
    “ $2000. For value received, we jointly and severally promise to pa)' Wm. Davies, his heirs or assigns, two thousand dollars, one year from date, at seven per cent, interest.
    January 1, 1842. E. L. Barrett.
    C. D. Barrett.
    Jacob Sisson, Surety. ”
    The plaintiff, on the 1st of October, 1847, paid the holder of the note one half thereof, being $1122.50, and shortly before, but on the same day, the defendant paid to the holder the other half. The amount so paid by the plaintiff, with interest to the time of the trial, was #1215,22. Caleb D. Barrett was in fact, a surety for Edward L. Barrett on the note.
    Upon this finding, which was put in the form of a special verdict, the supreme court, at general term in the second district, gave judgment for the defendants. The plaintiff appealed to this court.
    
      J. Thompson, for the appellant,
    insisted that upon the facts icund, the plaintiff was surety for both the other makers of the note, and therefore was entitled to recover. He cited Warner v. Price, (3 Wend. 397;) Harris v. Warner, (13 id. 401 ;) 7 id. 309; 7 Hill, 418; 2 id. 80; 4 id. 420; 1 Denio, 116; 2 id. 206 ; 3 id. 130.
    
      W. Eno, for respondent.
    
      
       See Sayles v. Sims, 73 N. Y. 551.
    
    
      
       Code of Civil Procedure, § 1022.
    
   Bronson, J.

If the finding of the judge was an authorized proceeding, it was in the nature of a special verdict, which must find facts, and not the mere evidence of facts. It must not leave a part of the facts to be presumed, but must find all that are deemed material, so that the court will have nothing to do but to declare the law. If we follow these rules it will be found that the plaintiff’s case is open to two objections. He seeks to recover on the ground that he was a surety; but that fact has not been found. Although he added the word “ surety” to his name when signing the note, it is quite possible that he was in truth a principal debtor. And though a jury, in the absence of all proof to the contrary, might infer from the tenor of the note that' he was a surety, still it would be a presumption of fact, to be made by the jury, and not a presumption of law, to be declared by the court.

If we assume that the plaintiff was a surety, there will still be a difficulty in his case. For whom was he a surety? Was it for both of the other makers, or for Edward L. Barrett only ? This is not like the case of Harris v. Warner, (13 Wend. 400,) where Warner, whose name stood last on the note, added to hia signature, “surety for the above names,” including the prior sureties, as well as the principal debtor. Here the plaintiff has added nothing but “surety” to his name, and it may well be that he was a surety for Edward L. Barrett, and for him only. The fact is found that Caleb D. Barrett was a surety for Edward, who was of course the principal debtor. As the plaintiff did not in terms contract as a surety for both, he must establish that character, if he is at liberty to do it, by extrinsic evidence. He must show that he was a surety for Caleb, before he can treat him as a principal debtor; and no such fact is found by the judge. The argument for the plaintiff assumes, that ho signed the note after it had been made by the two Barretts, supposing them both to be the principals: but no such fact appears -, and it is for the plaintiff to make out his case. It may well be that all of the parties were present at the making of the note, and that the plaintiff, as well as Caleb D. Barrett, knew that Edward was the principal debtor, and intended to become a surety for him, and him only. If a jury on reading the note, without any other evidence, would be authorized to say that the plaintiff was a surety for both of the Barretts, still that would be only an inference of fact to be drawn by the jury, and not a presumption of law to be declared by the court.

I am of opinion that the judgment of the court below was correct, and should be affirmed.

Judgment affirmed.  