
    HICKMAN v. SWAIN et al.
    (No. 2372.)
    (Supreme Court of Texas.
    June 3, 1914.)
    1. Appeal and Error (§ 70) — 1Orders Ap-pealable — Plea oe Privilege — Order Granting Plea — Eight to Appeal.
    Kev. St. 1911, art. 1833, provides that ■whenever a plea of privilege to the venue shall he sustained the court shall order the venue changed to the proper court of the county having jurisdiction of the parties and the cause, providing that nothing contained therein shall prevent an appeal from the judgment of the court sustaining a plea of privilege. Held, that an order sustaining a plea of privilege is ap-pealable before trial.
    [Ed. Note. — Eor other cases, see Appeal and Error, Cent. Dig. §§ 367-378, 386, 411; Dec. Dig. § 70.]
    2. Venue (§ 77) — Change oe Venue — Application — Waiver.
    Where a plea of privilege is filed in due order of pleading, the subsequent filing of a plea over against plaintiff did not affect a waiver of the plea of privilege.
    [Ed. Note. — Eor other cases, see Venue, Cent. Dig. §§ 59, 134, 138; Dec. Dig. § 77.]
    3. Venue (§ 78) — Change oe Venue — Plea oe Privilege — Eeeect.
    The granting of a plea of privilege applied for by certain of the defendants was effective to transfer the whole case, both as to all parties and subject-matter, to the county where the defendants filing such plea were entitled to have the case tried.
    [Ed. Note. — Eor other cases, see Venue, Cent. Dig. §§ 135, 136; Dec. Dig. § 78.]
    Certified Question from Court of Civil Appeals of Second Supreme Judicial District Action by C. W. Hickman against M. F. Swain, and others.
    On certified questions from the Court of Civil Appeals.
    Wm. J. Berne, of Ft. Worth, for appellant. D. J. Brookreson, of Benjamin, and B. K. Goree, of Ft. Worth, for appellees.
    
      
      For other oases see.same tppic and section NUMBER in Deo. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No. Series & Rep’r Indexes
    
   BROWN, C. J.

The honorable Court of Civil Appeals of the Second Supreme Judicial District has certified to this court the following statement and questions:

“Appellant, C. W. Hickman, alleged to reside in Tippecanoe county, Ind., instituted this suit in the district court of Tarrant county, Tex., against M. F. Swain and nine other persons, all of whom were alleged to reside in Knox county, Tex., upon a promissory note executed by the defendants named on March 31, 1908, for the sum of $1,500, and payable to the order of J. Crouch & Son at the Farmers’ State Bank of Knox City, Tex., on or before October 1, 1910. It was alleged that J. Crouch & Son had indorsed said note in blank to the plaintiff, whereupon ‘each defendant’ became .liable and promised to pay the amount specified in the note. It was further alleged that J. Crouch & Son was a firm composed of Jeptha Crouch and George Crouch, who both resided in the state of Indiana, and who were consequently not made parties to the suit by the petition. All defendants named in the petition were either cited or answered as hereinafter stated, save the defendant J. A. Wood, who does not appear to have been cited or to have joined in an answer of any kind. Of the defendants named in the plaintiff’s petition, appellee M. F. Swain and seven others joined in a plea of privilege to be sued in Knox county. The plea was duly verified, filed, and presented, as hereinafter. stated. In addition fo this pleh of privilege, .these defendants at the same time filed an answer in which C. C. Tucker and R. E. Butler, who were not parties to the plea of privilege, joined. The answer, in substance, alleged that the payees of the note, J. Crouch & Son, and J. A. Wood, one of the signers thereto, had, for the purpose of deceiving and defrauding, conspired together in fraudulently representing the value and quality of a certain horse owned by J. Crouch & Son which defendants, by the means stated, had been induced to purchase, and for which they gave the note sued upon and another of like amount, which" they had theretofore paid to J. Crouch & Son. The prayer was, as against the plaintiff, Hickman, for a cancellation of the note sued upon, it being alleged that he was not a bona fide owner and holder of the note, or, if so, a purchaser after its maturity, and for judgment ‘against said J. Crouch & Son and said J. A. Wood, jointly and severally, or against such of them as are brought within the jurisdiction of the court,’ for the sum alleged to have been paid to J. Ci'oueh & Son on the note previously paid. It should, perhaps, be further stated in this connection that the note as sued upon, had, among other in-dorsements, the following: ‘Received of J. A. Wood one hundred and fifty dol. $150.00, this being his pro rata of the within note, this April 1st, 1908. J. Crouch & Son.’
“The trial court in due order heard the plea of privilege, and, Raving found, as the evidence justifies, that its material allegations were true, and that the answer to the merits had been filed subject to the action of the court upon the plea of privilege, sustained the plea of privilege, and, as to all parties, ordered the cause transferred to the district court of Knox county, Tex., and from this order the plaintiff in the suit prosecutes an appeal, which is now pending before us.

“In this state of the record we deem it advisable to certify to your honors the following questions, viz.:

“First. Whether an apnpal from such an order is allowable at all under chapter 4 of title 30 of the Revised Statutes, as amended by the act of the Thirti-t' Legislature approved April 18, 1907? See General Laws 1907, p. 248.
“Second. If so,_ whether the answer of the defendants who joined in the plea of privilege is of such affirmative character as to constitute a waiver on their part of the plea of privilege to be sued in Knox county?
“And third. If not, did the court err in transferring the cause as to those defendants, Tucker, Butler, and Wood, who failed to join in the plea of privilege?”

The following articles of the Revised Statutes govern the action of the court on the questions submitted:

“If a plea of privilege is sustained, the cause shall not be dismissed, but the court shall transfer said cause to the court having jurisdiction of the person of the defendant therein; and the costs incurred prior to the time such suit is filed in the court to which said cause is transferred shall be taxed against the plaintiff.” Article 1832, R. S. 1911.
“Whenever a plea of privilege to the venue, to be sued in some other county than the county in which the suit is pending, shall be sustained, the court shall order the venue to be changed to the proper court of the county having jurisdiction of the parties and the cause; and the clerk shall make up a transcript of all the orders made in said cause, certifying thereto officially under the seal of the court, and transmit the same, with the original papers in the cause, to the clerk of the court to which the venue has been changed; provided, that nothing herein shall prevent an appeal from the judgment of the court sustaining a plea of privilege.” Article 1833, R. S. 1911.

Prior to the enactment of the above statutory provisions, when the plea of privilege was sustained, the case was dismissed, from which judgment an appeal would lie. The proceeding was the same then as now, except that the case will not be dismissed. The judgment would be interlocutory, from which no appeal would lie, unless the right is preserved by this language:

“Provided, that nothing herein shall prevent an appeal from the judgment of the court sustaining a plea of privilege.”

If the plea of privilege in this case had been tried under the former law, the case would have been dismissed, and plaintiff could have appealed, and the action sustaining the plea of privilege would have been revised. If the plea had been overruled, the defendant, upon appeal, could have had it reversed. The evident purpose of the proviso to article 1833 was to preserve to the plaintiff the right of appeal which existed before that article was enacted. If the law be construed so as to require the plaintiff to await a trial in the county to which it was transferred, the right to have the court’s action revised would be practically denied. The construction we give to the proviso preserves the rights of both parties, and will prevent the delays and expense of a trial the judgment in which might be reversed on the issue of venue alone, requiring a second trial on the merits. The language of the proviso to article 1833 cannot be applied otherwise than as saving to the plaintiff the right of appeal as it formerly existed in such matters, constituting an exception to the general rule that an appeal cannot be prosecuted from interlocutory orders or judgments.

We answer that the appeal was authorized in this case. If the plea of privilege was filed in the due order of pleading, the filing thereafter of a plea over against plaintiff did not affect the right of the defendants to insist upon the transfer of the case to the county in which they resided.

The granting of the plea of privilege had the effect to transfer to Knox county the case entirely as to parties and subject-matter of the suit and plea of defendants over against plaintiff.  