
    (81 Hun, 415.)
    BLUMENTHAL v. EINSTEIN et al.
    (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department.
    November 16, 1894.)
    Counterclaims—Between Insolvent Estates.
    Where a claim by one insolvent estate against another is subject to a.> set-off, the amount so set off will be deducted from the claim, and the dividend computed on the balance; and it is not proper to compute the dividend on the total claim, and then deduct the set-off from it.
    Appeal from judgment on report of referee.
    Action by Joseph Blumenthal, as receiver of Morris Schneider and Abraham Schneider, formerly of the firm of M. & A. Schneider, against Benjamin F. Einstein, Herman Myers, and Henry Rice, as trustees, to recover a dividend declared by defendants, managers of what is called the “Backer Trust.” There was a judgment in favor of plaintiff, and defendants appeal. Affirmed.
    Argued before VAN BRUNT, P. J., and O’BRIEN and FOLLETO,. JJ.
    A. R. Dyett, for appellants. .
    William Man, for respondent.
   FOLLETO, J.

On August 3, 1891, Abraham Backer became insolvent, and made a general assignment for the benefit of creditors-to Benjamin F. Einstein. Subsequently, the general assignment was superseded by an agreement entered into between Abraham executed by 97 per cent, of the creditors, so it would take effect' Backer, his wife, his assignee, all of his creditors, and three trustees.. By the agreement, all of Backer’s property was conveyed and assigned to the three trustees, who undertook to convert it into money,, and distribute the avails pro rata among Backer’s creditors. This agreement is dated “October, 1891,” but when it was completely executed does not appear, but it was after December 15, 1891. October 7, 1891, Morris and Abraham Schneider recovered a judgment in the supreme court against Abraham Backer for $51,541.77.. When Backer failed,' Morris and Abraham Schneider were liable as-accommodation indorsers for Backer on several promissory notes, aggregating $41,250, which were made by Charles Schneider & Go.. Before December 15, 1891, Abraham Backer died. On December-15, 1891, Morris and Abraham Schneider and the three trustees agreed, in writing, that in case the compromise agreement should be according to its terms (as it subsequently was), the Schneidersshould be recognized as creditors of Backer to the amount of their aforesaid judgment against him, and for whatever sum they should pay, as accommodation indorsers, on the notes made by Charles Schneider & Co., less $15,000, which they agreed should be taken as the value of the claim of Morris and Abraham Schneider against ■ Charles Schneider & Co., by reason of their payment of those notes. Subsequently, Morris and Abraham Schneider paid $16,950.16 on the accommodation indorsements. Morris and Abraham Schneider were partners, engaged in business under the name of M. & A. Schneider, and, becoming insolvent, the plaintiff was, January 8, 1892, appointed receiver of their property. When Abraham Backer failed, he was liable for $38,584.10 as an accommodation indorser on the notes of M. & A. Schneider, on account of which the defendants-, .as trustees, paid to the holders of the notes 20 per cent, amounting to $7,716.82. It is conceded that there is due from the defendants to the creditors of Abraham Backer a dividend of 20 per cent.

The sole question is how these claims should be offset as between these insolvent estates. The referee’s result was reached as follows:

■ October 7, 1891, judgment against Backer......................$51,541 77
M. & A. Schneider' paid on accommodation indorsements of Charles Schneider & Co.’s notes............$16,950 16 «
Deduct M. & A. Schneider’s claim against Charles Schneider & Co., as agreed........................ 15,000 00
1,950 16
Total amount of claims against Abraham Backer................$53,491 93
From this amount the referee deducted the dividend paid by defendants on Backer’s accommodation indorsements for M. & A Schneider ................................................... 7,716 82
$45,775 11

Twenty per cent, on $45,775.11 equals $9,155.02, for which, with interest as stipulated, the referee ordered a judgment. The defendants insist that the offset should have been made as follows:

Twenty per cent on claims of plaintiff against Backer ($53,491.93) equals ...................................................... $10,698 38
•Deduct amount paid by defendants on Backer’s accommodation indorsements for M. & A. Schneider............................. 7,716 82
Due from defendants to plaintiff.......................... $ 2,981 56

When this action was begun, Morris and Abraham Schneider would have had, had their claims not passed to their receiver, a right of action against the administrator or executor of Abraham Backer for $53,491.93. About this fact there is no dispute. By how much could this amount have been reduced by the administrator or executor? Not by $38,584.10, the full amount of Backer’s liability as accommodation indorser for Morris and Abraham Schneider, for that sum had not been paid by Backer or by his estate; but his personal representative would have been entitled to set off only the amount paid by him or them, or by both, which was $7,716.82. Powell v. Smith, 8 Johns. 249; Bonney v. Seeley, 2 Wend. 481; Hannay v. Pell, 3 E. D. Smith, 432; Elwood v. Deifendorf, 5 Barb. 398. Deducting $7,716.82 from $53,491.93 leaves $45,775.11, the amount to be recovered against Backer if living, or, if dead, against his personal representative. That such is the legal rule of set-off, as between persons who are solvent, will not, we think, be disputed. But the defendants insist that the equitable rule, as between insolvent estates, is different, and that in the case at bar the litigants represent two insolvent estates; that neither litigant is liable for the debts of his-principal, but is liable to pay only the per cent, which the property in hand produces, to wit, the defendants are liable in the sum of $10,698.38 to the plaintiff, who is liable to the defendants in the sum $7,716.82, which being deducted leaves $2,981.56 as the full measure of the liability of the defendants to the plaintiff. The difficulty with this position is that the sum of $10,698.38 represents not the debt owing by Backer to the plaintiff, but a dividend thereon, while the sum of $7,716.82 represents the entire debt of M. & A. Schneider to the defendants, not a dividend on a debt owing by M. & A. Schneider to Backer. It is true that the latter amount represents a dividend, but it is a dividend due and paid to other creditors holding notes indorsed by Backer for the accommodation of M. & A. Schneider. It will be seen that the defendants seek to set off the whole debt held by them, against a dividend on ae debt held by the plaintiff. In equity a solvent surety is protected from the claims of his insolvent creditor. For example, in case A., who is solvent, owes B., who is insolvent, $100, and A. is surety for B. in the sum of $200, equity will restrain B. from collecting the $100, and will compel its application on the debt for which A. is surety. So, in the case at bar, if Backer’s estate were solvent, it would not be compelled to pay any sum to the plaintiff so long as it was liable in a greater sum as accommodation indorser. But the estate is not solvent, and it is not pretended that another dividend will be made, and so only existing claims can be considered in adjusting the demands. The amount of the plaintiff’s claim against Backer’s estate is absolutely fixed at $53,491.93, and it can never fluctuate. If the claim of Backer’s estate were absolutely fixed at $38,584.10, then it would be adjusted by deducting principal from principal, and computing the percentage upon the remainder, as urged by the defendants, which would be equivalent to computing the percentage which each estate pays on its total liability, as is shown by this statement:

$53,491.93—$38,5S4.10=$14,907.83 X .20.......................... $2,981 56
$53,491.93 X .20...................................... $10,098 38
$38,584.10 X .20..................................... 7,716 82
- $2,981 56

But the defendants’ claim is not fixed at $38,584.10, but it is fixed at $7,716.82; and there is no evidence in the record from which the referee would have been justified in finding that the claim would be increased in the future, and so we think that the referee adopted a correct principle in adjusting these demands. The plaintiff, through his attorney, repeatedly wrote letters to the defendants asking for an adjustment of the claims, to which no attention was paid, and we think the facts justified the referee in charging the defendants with costs. The judgment should be affirmed, with costs. All concur.  