
    John Vincent, Plaintiff, v. The County of Nassau, Defendant.
    (Supreme Court, Nassau Special Term,
    November, 1904.)
    Eight of a board of supervisors to appoint and discharge an attorney — It cannot by such appointment bind its successors — The attorney must have his claim for disbursements audited — The board has no inherent powers.
    The board of supervisors of a county has implied power to employ an attorney and counsel whenever the necessity arises for his services and has, in common with other clients, the right to discharge such an attorney and counsel whenever and for whatever reason it deems fit, subject only to the duty of paying the . discharged attorney and counsel all money due him.
    A board of supervisors has, however, no power to appoint an attorney and counsel for a term of one year from the date of his appointment at a yearly salary payable in quarterly installments and thus prevent their successors from exercising the right to change their counsel.
    
      An attorney employed by a board of supervisors cannot, in the first instance, maintain an action against the county for disbursements made by him on account of the board of supervisors, but should first present his claim to the county board of audit and exhaust his remedy in that direction.
    A board of supervisors, while created by the 'Constitution, derives all its powers from the State Legislature and, therefore, cannot be said to possess any inherent powers, but is in all cases .confined to the .-powers conferred by law and enumerated in the statute conferring such powers.
    Action to recover salary as counsel to the board of super- • visors of Nassau county.
    Edward J. McGuire and Charles C. Sanders, for plaintiff.
    George B. Stoddard, for defendant.
   Kelly, J.

The board of supervisors. of Nassau county had power to employ the plaintiff as attorney and counsel, whenever the necessity might arise for the services of an attorney and counsel. Brady v. Supervisors, 10 N. Y. 260; People ex rel. Johnson v. Supervisors, 45 id. 196; Board of Excise v. Sackrider, 35 id. 154; Dillon Mun. Corp., § 479, and cases cited. But a board of supervisors is not obliged to retain an attorney against its will, or to continue in this highly confidential relation a lawyer whose advice they do not desire. Whether the client is actuated by good or bad ¡motives, his right to discharge his attorney at any time is unquestioned. O’Sullivan v. Metropolitan St. R. Co., 39 Misc. Rep. 268; Fischer-Hansen v. Brooklyn Heights R. R. Co., 173 N. Y. 492. But the client must pay the attorney so discharged or dismissed all money due him. If the board of supervisors had retained Mr. Vincent on April 21, 1903, to perform services for a year, agreeing to pay him as a retaining fee presently due the sum of $2,000, I think his claim against the board might be maintained. Such retainer in the case of an attorney would preclude his acceptance of retainers from parties asserting claims against the board or the county or its departments, and it might well be that the amount named would not be excessive or subject to criticism. In such case the retainer and the plaintiff’s right to payment would become fixed at the time of the employment. But that is not the case. There can be no question that the board here attempted to create an office with a term of one year from the date of appointment and with a salary payable in quarterly installments. Had they power to do this, and to bar their successors from the right to change their counsel ? A board of supervisors while created, by the Constitution (art. III, § 26), derives all its powers to act from the State Legislature. It cannot, therefore, be said to possess any inherent powers, but its .exercise of authority must in all cases-, and especially in the expenditure of public moneys, be confined to the powers which are conferred by law and enumerated in the statute conferring them. Kingsley v. Bowman, 33 App. Div. 1, citing Brady v. Supervisors, supra; Barker v. Supervisors, 106 N. Y. 392. It is not claimed by the learned counsel for the plaintiff that there is any express authority granted to boards of supervisors by the County Law to employ counsel. It is argued that there is an implied power. This may be granted but it does not sustain the contention that such employment differs from the ordinary engagement between attorney and client, or that the implied power justifies the making of a contract for a fixed term with' a salary such as is asserted here. The implied power arises with the necessity for legal advice; if the necessity arises, the .board of supervisors are not debarred from obtaining the advice and assistance of a lawyer, but it is best that public officers should not be allowed to create positions or offices, urging their anticipation of a necessity which may not arise, where the Legislature does not appear to have anticipated it, and where the matters in their charge can be fully protected if the necessity arises. We have a constitutional provision (art. III, § 10) that offices not declared by law shall be held during the pleasure of the authority making the appointment. It is argued that the supervisors by their resolution employing the plaintiff did not create an office, but Mr. Justice Bartlett, writing for the Appellate Division in Abrams v. Horton, 18 App. Div. 208, says: “The tendency of the courts, however, has been to hold that the same rule, independently of legislative enactment, applies also to the tenure of persons who are in the public service as employees merely and not as officers.”

I am of the opinion, therefore, that the board had power to terminate Mr. Vincent’s employment in November, 1903, and there being no evidence of services rendered during the period from November, 1903, to April, 1904, he cannot recover by force of a yearly contract.

The plaintiff also seeks to recover $187.50 for disbursements made by him on account of his clients during his term of service. The mere fact that the plaintiff, whose reputation and ability are conceded, presents the bill for disbursements is sufficient evidence to my mind of its correctness, but this brings up the second objection urged by the defendant, to wit; that the plaintiff cannot assert his claim against the county in the first instance, unless the amount due is fixed and determined by law, in which case payment might be compelled by mandamus. The proper procedure is to present the claim in the first instance to the county board of audit. Until it has been audited, or on refusal, until the action of the board of audit has been reversed, it would appear that no action may be maintained against the county. Lattin v. Town of Oyster Bay, 34 Misc. Rep. 568. There should be judgment for the defendant without costs and without prejudice to the right of the plaintiff to present his claim for disbursements for audit in the manner prescribed by law.

Ordered accordingly.  