
    John F. Comey, Respondent, v. Maxwell S. Harris and Others, Defendants, Impleaded with Daniel Harris, Appellant. (Action No. 1.)
    First Department,
    July 13, 1909.
    Principal and agent — notice to agent — infant — ratification of unauthorized use of funds — mortgage —- foreclosure—when defense of infancy not available.
    One who sold lands through a broker and took back a purchase-money mortgage is not chargeable with the broker’s knowledge that the purchaser and mortgagor used the funds of an infant to buy the lands and took title in his own name by reason of such infancy, in the absence of evidence that the broker had this information in mind while doing some act or thing within the scope of bis employment by the vendor.
    Even if such information were communicated to the.broker during the negotiations for the purchase, the vendor was not chargeable therewith, as the broker was not his agent to receive such notice which was communicated casually. ■
    Even if the vendor and mortgagee had full knowledge that the infant’s funds were used to purchase the lands, the infant cannot in an action of foreclosure assert a counterclaim asking that the 'transaction .'be rescinded by reason of his infancy, and that a trust in his favor superior to the mortgage he declared, if in fact on attaining his majority, and knowing all the circumstances, he accepted a conveyance of the lands from the purchaser and mortgagor.'
    Appeal by the defendant, Daniel Harris, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Hew York on the 30th day of Hovember, .1908, upon the decision of the court, rendered after a trial at the Hew York Special Term, as resettled and amended by an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 25th day of January, 1909.
    
      Charles Goldzier, for the appellant.
    
      Edward E. Sprague, for the respondent.
   Laughlin J. :

The action is brought to foreclose a mortgage given by the defendant Maxwell S. Harris to the plaintiff on premises at the northeast corner of Audubon avenue and One Hundred and Eighty-sixth street in the borough of Manhattan, Hew York city, to secure the payment of the sum of. $40,500, with interest thereon from the 17th day of April, 1905, according to the terms of a bond given by the same defendant to the plaintiff, bearing even date with the mortgage. The bond and mortgage were executed on the 17th day of' April, 1905, to secure part of the purchase price of the premises which were at the same time conveyed by the plaintiff to the mortgagor. The appellant interposed an answer in which he pleaded as a defense and counterclaim that the conveyance of the premises by the plaintiff to the defendant Maxwell S. Harris was made pursuant to a contract entered into on the 16th day of February, 1905, between the plaintiff and -the appellant’s brothers, Herman and. Maxwell Harris, who, at his request, he being then an infant, made the contract for the purchase of a parcel of land, which included the premises upon which the mortgage was executed and more, for him and with his funds; that he did not become of age until the 13th day of March, 1906; that he had certain money and property which his brother Herman managed and controlled for him, and that the cash consideration, consisting of $10,250, was paid with his funds; that title was taken in the name of his brother on account of his infancy; that thereafter sums aggregating $6,075-of his funds were paid to the plaintiff as interest on the indebtedness secured by the mortgage; that he was informed and believed that the premises were thereafter sold at a profit, and did not learn that this was not true until the 20th day of April, 1907; that he then attempted to disaffirm the transaction by requesting that his brother Maxwell reconvey the premises to the plaintiff, which request was refused ; that on the 16th day of May, 1907, his brother Maxwell conveyed the premises to him, and he thereupon tendered a reconveyance of the premises to the plaintiff and demanded the repayment of the moneys received by him out of his funds, which was refused, and that his brothers Herman and Maxwell are insolvent. The appellant demands judgment on his counterclaim that the transaction be rescinded and that the moneys paid to the plaintiff out of his funds be repaid to him and that the premises in suit be impressed with a trust in his favor superior to the lien of plaintiff’s mortgage for his moneys paid to the plaintiff, and that the mortgage be canceled. The trial court dismissed the counterclaim upon the merits and granted a judgment of foreclosure and sale.

We are of opinion that the judgment was right upon two grounds: First, that the plaintiff was not shown to have notice and was not chargeable with notice of the infancy of the appellant, and secondly, upon the ground that he, appellant, ratified the transaction by taking a conveyance of the premises from his brother after attaining his majority.

The material allegations of the counterclaim were proved, with the exception that the appellant failed to prove the allegation to the effect that he was informed and believed that the premises, after title was taken in the name of his brother Maxwell,. were sold at a profit, and that he did not discover that • this was not so until the 20th day of April, 1907. - It thus appears that from the 13th day of March, 1906, until he took the deed from his brother on the the 16th day of May, 1907, he was of full age and presumably familiar with all of the facts. There is no evidence that the plaintiff had actual knowledge nor is he chargeable with notice of the fact that the appellant was an, infant. ■ It appears that shortly before the contract was made and while the parties were- on their way to the title company where it was to be drawn and executed, the defendant Herman Harris, who had negotiated the purchase with the plaintiff’s broker, one Smith, in answer to an inquiry as to whether the witness and his brother Maxwell were buying the property in partnership, said : “ Why, no, neither of us were directly interested in it; that I was doing it for a younger brother of mine, and that my brother Maxwell would take the contract in his name.” It does not appear how old either Maxwell or Herman Harris was or how old either of them appeared to be. ' There was nothing in this remark to convey to the plaintiff the information that the younger brother was an infant. It appears that the plaintiff authorized the broker, Smith, to sell the property at a given price and on given terms, arid that Smith conducted the negotiations for the sale of the premises, reporting to the plaintiff with respect to any change of price or of terms of sale proposed by the purchaser and the plaintiff determined the. questions for himself. The' plaintiff did not vest his broker with any discretion in the matter or with any - authority other than to negotiate upon previously prescribed terms, and conditions. It appears by the evidence that on the 14th day of February, 1905, Smith called'upon the defendant Herman Harris at the offlee of the defendant Maxwell Harris, and submitted a proposition for the purchase of certain real estate which belonged to the estate of the father of the defendants. The offer was not satisfactory and Smith stated that lie would see the party whom he represented again and endeavor to obtain a better offer. At the close of this interview Herman Harris drew Smith’s attention to a prior conversation between them with respect to certain improved property down town owned by the estate of the father of the defendants, and concerning Herman’s desire to dispose of the same and to have the proceeds invested in Washington Heights lots, and stated that liis object in bringing the matter up was to endeavor to make an arrangement with Smith to divide commissions on any property that Smith might sell or purchase through him, or that either might purchase or sell for the other ; and stated in the course of the conversation that his father’s estate was owned by his brother Daniel and his two sisters. They reached an. understanding with respect to the division of commissions, and Smith then said to Herman Harris that he had two parcels for sale on Washington Heights, one being the premises in question, and stated the selling price and the terms of sale. It was, thereupon, understood that Herman should lbok at the premises the next morning, and just as Smith' was leaving he asked to see a contract which Herman had informed him that he had made that day for the purchase of lands for his brother Daniel, and upon being shown the contract and observing that it showed the purchaser to be the defendant Maxwell Harris, instead of Daniel, Smith asked why that was and was informed that it was done for convenience on account of the fact that Daniel was a minor. It thus appears that this information was not communicated to the plaintiff’s broker in connection with the negotiations for the purchase of the premises in question, although it did occur at the same meeting of the parties. The plaintiff, therefore, would in no view of the case, we think, be chargeable with the knowledge thus derived by his broker, in the absence of evidence that he had this information in mind while he was doing some act or thing within the scope of his employment as broker for plaintiff. (Constant v. University of Rochester, 111 N. Y. 604; Badger v. Cook, 117 App. Div. 328 ; Slattery v. Schwannecke, 118 N. Y. 543; Denton v. Ontario Co. Nat. Bank, 150 id. 126.) Moreover, even though the information were communicated to the broker during the negotiations for the purchase of the premises in question, we are of opinion that the plaintiff is not chargeable therewith for the broker-was not his agent to receive such notice and it was only communicated casually. ■

Furthermore, we think that if the plaintiff had full knowledge at the time of the negotiations for the sale of his land, that the same was being purchased with the infant’s funds, that would not avail the appellant tin this record. On attaining his majority, the infant donbtléss had a cause of action against his brothers for investing his moneys without the sanction of the court, and he doubtless had an equitable lien upon the land purchased with hi's money, which he could have impressed by a suit in equity. He might also have a right of action against the plaintiff for his moneys which were used in payment of part of the consideration and of interest, provided resort to the liability of the plaintiff were necessary and the plaintiff had knowledge of his. infancy. He cannot, however, we think, after taking title to the premises from his brother, subsequent to attaining his majority and with full knowledge of all the facts, successfully defend against the foreclosure of this mortgage or claim that the lien thereof is subordinate to his rights in the premises. He voluntarily took a step which vested the entire title, both legal and equitable, in him, and he necessarily took title subject to the plaintiff’s mortgage and is not now at liberty, we,think — although the point is not taken by respondent — to interpose.this defense as against the plaintiff.

It follows that the judgment should be affirmed, with costs.

Ingraham, McLaughlin, Houghton and Scott, JJ., concurred.

Judgment .affirmed, with costs.  