
    Fred J. Pollock, Respondent, v. Queens Land and Title Company, Appellant.
    Second Department,
    December 28, 1911.
    Damages — breach of agreement to connect house with water system — measure of damages — evidence — cost of water system.
    Where a grantor agreed to connect a house built by his grantee with a water system already in operation in the village where the lands were situated, but failed to perform, the measure of damages is the difference between the value of the lands and house with the water connection made and their value without the connection.
    In an action to recover for the breach of such contract it is error to allow the plaintiff to show on the question of damages the expense of installing a particular kind of water plant, for the defendant did not agree to furnish any particular kind of water supply but merely to “ connect” the house with the existing water system of the village.
    Appeal by the defendant, the Queens Land and Title Company, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Nassau on the 8th day of May, 1911, upon the verdict of a jury, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 19th day of May, 1911, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      Francis B. Stoddard, Jr. [George F. Hurd with him on the brief], for the appellant.
    
      Joseph H. Radigan [William, J. Hofmann with him on the brief], for the respondent.
   Woodward, J.:

The plaintiff purchased certain premises of the defendant, agreeing to construct a house thereon which should be of the value of $5,000. It is conceded that the plaintiff performed his part o'f the contract. The contract between the parties required the defendant to “connect the house with the water system already installed at Massapequa, on or before the completion of the said house, ” and the evidence is undisputed that the defendant has failed to perform this part of the contract, though having put in a temporary pumping plant and supplying a man to do the pumping. It is practically conceded that the defendant is liable to-the plaintiff for some damages, although it is contended that the defendant has been prevented from making the connection promised by the intervention of the city of New York in condemning the intervening lands for water supply purposes; but it is urged that the learned trial court erred in receiving certain testimony as to the cost of installing a different water supply system, and in permitting the jury to find the plaintiff’s damages upon such testimony. The plaintiff, a witness in his own behalf, was asked: “ Concerning an adequate water system, I ask you whether or not you made inquiries as to what cost one Would be ? A. I ordered it. I ordered a Kewanee system water plant installed in my house. The expense .of the plant will be $512.” Counsel for defendant objected and moved to strike out the answer, but it was retained by the court on the theory that the defendant agreed to establish a water connection and that this went to the measure of damages. Subsequently an expert witness was called as to the cost of installing this same kind of a water system, and over the objection and exception of the defendant was permitted to testify that a Kewanee system would cost about $650, and the jury brought in a verdict for $600. This is the only testimony which would in any manner justify the verdict of the jury, and the question presented is whether this was the proper measure of damages. There are cases, it is true, where it is very difficult to determine the proper measure of damages, or to offer the evidence, and in such cases the party is not denied recovery because he cannot produce the most satisfactory evidence, but, where there is a proper measure of damages open to the plaintiff, we are of the opinion that he is bound to establish that measure of damages. The defendant in this case had not agreed to furnish water; it had undertaken to connect the house with the water system already installed at Massapequa,” and the proper measure of damages, it seems to us, was the difference in the value of the premises purchased from the defendant, with the house added, with the water connection made and without it. This, would of course depend in a measure upon the adequacy of the supply, its adaptability to the purposes of a residence, etc., and none of these things were contemplated in the contract. The water supply system was not owned by the defendant; it merely undertook to procure a connection with this particular system, the plaintiff taking all of the chances as to the quality and adequacy of the supply, and evidence of the cost of some other system is obviously not the true measure of damages. Certainly it would not be competent to produce evidence of the cost of installing a water system equal to that which had been installed in Massapequa, and to connect with the same. Equally certain is it that it would not be competent to offer testimony as to the cost of constructing a long pipe line to furnish the plaintiff’s house, for the defendant did not undertake to supply water, but to make a connection with a then existing water supply system owned by a distinct corporation. If not competent to establish the cost of these systems, how can it be competent to show the cost of any other system, when it was a simple matter for the plaintiff to have furnished evidence of the value of the premises with and without the water connection which was promised him ? The measure of damages suggested above appears to be that which was recognized as the true one in Brooklyn Hills Imp. Co. v. N. Y. & R. B. R. Co. (80 App. Div. 508; affd., without opinion, 178 N. Y. 593), and we are of the opinion that the. learned court at Trial Term erred in permitting testimony as to the cost of a system which the. defendant had not contracted to install, and which Was not shown to be of the same capacity. The plaintiff contracted for a particular thing, and he is entitled to all the damages which directly grew out of the failure of the defendant to provide that particular thing, but he is not entitled to the cost of installing an adequate water system,” for the defendant at no time promised or agreed to furnish such a system. An adequate water system” for a $5,000 residence might cost $500 or $5,000,000, according to its location with reference to an adequate supply of pure and wholesome water, and the only thing fairly within the contemplation of the parties to this contract was that the defendant should procure a connection with an existing water supply system. When this was done, the water supply company assumed the obligation of furnishing the water, and the proper measure of damages, and the only one, it seems to us, is the difference in the value of the premises without this. particular connection and their value with it. Upon this point the defendant would have a right to show that the system in operation at the túne óf the contract had ceased to exist, or that it did not supply sufficient water, or any other condition going to show that the promised connection was of little or no value to the premises. Instead of that, the defendant is called upon to pay the cost of “an adequate water system ” selected by the plaintiff. Suppose that it had been necessary to get a'right of way and to lay ten miles of pipe, and to furnish machinery, men, etc., to pump the water in order to furnish “ an adequate water system.” Would it have been the defendant’s duty to do this; would that have been the measure of damages ? Obviously not. If this is true,then the question of an adequate supply was not properly in issue in this action.

The judgment and order appealed from should be reversed and a new trial granted, costs to abide the event.

Jenks, P. J., Thomas and Carr, JJ., concurred; Burr, J., concurred in result.' ,

Judgment and order reversed and new trial granted, costs to abide the event.  