
    Mary Brown and Meyer Ullman, Respondents, v. David F. Reiman, Appellant.
    
      Sale of goods to women who state that their father will pay therefor — an action for the price against the daughters is not a bar to a subsequent one against the father — evidence of agency and of ratification.
    
    The fact that merchants who furnished sealskin coats to two women, both of full age, were informed by one of the women before the purchase that their father had told them that if they would select the coats he would give his check for the cost thereof, and that the merchants subsequently brought actions against each of the women for the purchase price of the coats, and obtained judgments therein which the)-: made unsuccessful efforts to collect, does not preclude the merchants from subsequently bringing an action for the price of the coats against the father of the women, upon the theory that in purchasing the same they acted as his agents.
    Evidence given by the father, in.bankruptcy proceedings instituted by the . daughters, to the effect that he told them that they might have their coats made by the merchants, coupled with evidence given by one of the daughters that, after the coats had been ordered, her father gave her a blank check with which to pay for them, is sufficient to warrant a finding that the father had not only authorized the daughters to purchase the coats, but had ratified their action after learning that the purchase had been made.
    Appeal by the defendant, David F. Reiman, from a judgment of the Municipal Court of Buffalo in favor of the plaintiffs, rendered on the 28th day of June, 1899, upon the decision of the court.
    
      Simon Fleischmann, for the appellant.
    
      Harry D. Williams, for the respondents.
   Adams, P. J.:

The plaintiffs bring this action to recover the purchase price of two sealskin garments which it is contended were purchased of the plaintiffs by the defendant’s daughters and duly authorized agents.

Upon the trial the plaintiffs’ right to recover was sharply contested upon the ground, among others, that the garments were not of the quality and character guaranteed by the plaintiffs when the contract for their manufacture was entered into. That issue, however, was decided adversely to the defendant’s contention upon conflicting evidence, and for that reason, probably, it has been abandoned upon this review. It is urged, nevertheless, that the plaintiffs’ judgment should, be reversed, and the principal reasons assigned for this contention are : (1) That the evidence fails to show that at the time the garments were ordered the relation of principal and agent existed between the defendant and his daughters; and (2) that the plaintiffs, having elected to treat the daughters as principals, cannot now be permitted to claim that they were not such in fact.

It is not denied that the plaintiffs, in the first instance, negotiated with and gave credit to the daughters in their individual capacity, nor that they subsequently brought suit and obtained a judgment against each- of .them, and made diligent effort to collect the same. Neither is it claimed that the defendant’s liability grows out of any parental obligation, for, although his daughters lived with and were supported by him, it is conceded that they were both of full age, to the knowledge of the plaintiffs at the time when the garments were purchased; but this action is sought to be maintained upon the theory that the purchase of the garments in question was expressly authorized by'the father, which fact was not discovered by the plaintiffs until after they had exhausted their remedy against the daughters.

It seems that Mrs. Brown, one of the plaintiffs, had some acquaintance with the defendant and his daughters. At least she knew that they were reputed to be people of some considerable means, and during the preliminary negotiations which led up to the ordering of the garments one of the daughters informed her that the father had told her and her sister that if they would select two sealskin coats which suited them, he would give his check "for the cost, thereof. The information thus imparted to the plaintiffs was not necessarily of such character as to warrant them in assuming that the daughters were authorized to purchase the coats upon the credit of their father; for it was, at the most, but the declaration of a third party, and as such was not binding upon the alleged principal.. The-plaintiffs, consequently, treated the daughters as their debtors,-and, when the latter refused to pay for the coats, brought two separate actions, which, after a trial in the Municipal Court, resulted, as before stated, in favor of the plaintiffs. In the meantime, each of the young women had affixed her name, by means of paint or some other indelible substance,.in four or five different places, to the inside of the coats, and had worn the garments on several occasions; but becoming dissatisfied with the quality or workmanship thereof, they returned, or offered to return, the same to the plaintiffs. When, however, it became probable that the actions were likely to result adversely to them, the daughters obtained possession of the coats and, by the procurement or advice of the defendant, sold them to certain relatives for fifty dollars each, and with the money thus obtained they immediately commenced proceedings in the bankruptcy court to relieve themselves from the payment of the judgments obtained against them by the .plaintiffs, which constituted their entire indebtedness. During the progress of the bankruptcy proceedings the defendant was sworn as a witness and testified that he told his daughters that they might have their coats made by the plaintiffs, provided the latter would give a written guaranty for the best of seal, the best of workmanship, and the best lining, but that he was subsequently informed that Mrs. Brown said no contract was necessary. One of the daughters also testified that after she and her sister had ordered their coats, her father gave her a blank check with which to pay for them, saying that as he might not be at home when the coats were satisfactory, he would leave it to her to use her own judgment in regard to them.

This evidence, which was read upon the trial of the present action, when taken in connection with the defendant’s subsequent acts and declarations, was sufficient, we think, to sustain the conclusion reached by the trial court, that not only had the defendant authorized his daughters to purchase the garments in question, but that he had ratified their action after learning that the purchase had been made, and that his instructions had not been literally followed. (Bliss v. Sherrill, 24 App. Div. 280 ; Bliven v. Lydecker, 130 N. Y. 102.)

This being the case, the relation of principal and agent becomes established; and when it is further made to appear, as it is by the plaintiffs’ testimony, that the existence of this relation was not fully disclosed until after the commencement of the bankruptcy proceedings, it cannot be said that the plaintiffs have elected to rely solely upon the responsibility of the agents, nor that they were concluded by reason of the actions which were brought against such agents from pursuing the principal when his existence became known ; for it is a welhsettled rule that a creditor cannot make-an election either of remedies or parties without first realizing that .the opportunity of exercising his preference is afforded ■ him. (Remmel v. Townsend, 83 Hun, 353; Coleman v. First Nat. Bank of Elmira, 53 N. Y. 388; Kayton v. Barnett, 116 id. 625.)

The views above expressed lead to the conclusion that the judgment appealed from should be affirmed.

All concurred.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.  