
    (100 South. 85)
    Ex parte ECONOMU.
    (6 Div. 113.)
    (Supreme Court of Alabama.
    April 10, 1924.
    Rehearing Denied May 15, 1924.)
    1. Criminal law (&wkey;304(2)— Court bound to know that par value of United States bonds sufficient to sustain grandi larceny conviction.
    While courts will not judicially notice the exact market value of United States Victory loan bonds, when stolen thfey are bound to know that they are worth very close to their par value, and that such bonds, amounting to $3,800 par value, were worth more than enough to sustain conviction for grand larceny.
    2. Larceny <&wkey;32(3) — One buying United States bonds with wife’s money held “bailee,” with ownership subject to larceny.
    One buying United States Victory bonds for bis wife, with her money, was “bailee” so long as he retained custody, and in a prosecution for larceny ownership was properly laid in him.
    [Ed. Note. — Eor other definitions, see Words and Phrases, First and Second Series, Bailee.]
    Certiorari to Court of Appeals.
    Petition of George Economu for certiorari to tbe Court of Appeals to review and revise tbe judgment and decision of said court in tbe case of Economu v. State, 19 Ala. App. 570, 100 South. 85.
    Writ denied.
    Black, Harris & Foster and Nesmith & Garrison, all of Birmingham, for petitioner.
    Tbe distinction between larceny and obtaining property by false pretense depends upon tbe intention of the parties as to tbe passing of title. 17 R. C. L. 15; Loomis v. People, 67 N. V. 322, 23 Am. Rep. 123; People v. Rae, 66 Cal. 423, 6 Pac. 1, 56 Am. Rep. 102; People v. Tomlinson, 102 Cal. 19, 36 Pac. 506.
    Harwell G. Davis, A tty. Gen., opposed.
    No brief reached tbe Reporter.
   SOMERVILLE, J.

Tbe first count of tbe indictment charged tbe defendant with the larceny of $3,600 of money, and tbe third count charged him with tbe larceny of $3,700 par value of United States government bonds.

Tbe evidence for tbe state tended to show that tbe defendant and two other men went to tbe store of Sanchez, tbe prosecutor, and there sold and delivered to him 37 $100 bonds of the description charged, and received from him $3,600 in money in payment therefor; that the package of bonds was thereafter — at the same time and place — bandied by defendant and one of tbe others severally; and that when they were about to go Sanchez called for tbe bonds, and one of tbe tljree banded him a package out of a grip, wbicb when opened later contained nothing but worthless paper.

The trial judge instructed tbe jury that _ they could not convict tbe defendant under both counts, and that bis offense, if guilty at all, would depend on whether tbe transaction was completed or not; that is, whether there waa a delivery of the money to tbe defendant, or one of bis associates, and a delivery of tbe bonds to Sanchez.

Tbe jury convicted the defendant under tbe third count — for larceny of tbe bonds, and on appeal tbe Court of Appeals held that under tbe evidence tbe conviction was proper, and that tbe general affirmative, charge for defendant was properly refused.

Defendant invokes this well-settled principle of law, viz.:

“If a person, with a preconceived design to appropriate property to Ms own use, obtains possfession of it by means of fraud or trickery, the taking under such circumstances amounts to larceny, because in such cases the fraud vitiates the transaction, and the owner is • still deemed to retain a constructive possession of the property, and the conversion of it is a sufficient trespass, or, as is sometimes said, the fraud or trick practiced on the owner is equivalent to a trespass.” 17 R. O. L. 13, § 13, citing Frazier v. State, 85 Ala. 17, 4 South. 691, 7 Am. St. Rep. 21; People v. Miller, 169 N. T. 339, 62 N. E. 418, 88 Am. St. Rep. 546; Grunson v. State, 89 Ind. 533, 46 Am. Rep. 178, and many other eases.

Tbe bearing of that principle, however, is only upon tbe possession, where that is obtained by fraud. For—

“It is an established rule of .the common law that, if the owner of goods alleged to have been stolen voluntarily parts with both the possession and the title to the alleged thief, not expecting the goods to be returned to him or to be disposed of in accordance with his directions, then neither the taking nor the conversion amounts to larceny, for in such a ease there is an absence of the necessary trespass in the taking. This rule applies even where the owner is induced to part with the title through the fraud and misrepresentation of the alleged thief. In such cases the crime committed may be obtaining property by false pretenses.” 17 R. O. L. 14, § 14, citing People v. Tompkins, 186 N. V. 413, 79 N. E. 326, 12 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1081; Williams v. State, 165 Ind. 472, 75 N. E. 875, 2 L. R. A. (N. S.) 248, and many other eases.

The latter paragraph from Ruling Oase ¡Law states the principle which is clearly applicable here. ' If the case were that defendant had represented to Sanchez that he knew of bonds that could be bought at a discount, and, fraudulently designing to get from him the money for their ostensible purchase, had received the money for that purpose, and then intentionally converted it, as preconceived, to his own use, the principle invoked by counsel would be applicable.

The bonds in (Question were of the war issue known as Victory loan bonds, and, while courts will not take judicial notice of the exact market value of such bonds, they are bound to know, and do know, that they are worth very close to their par value; and that such bonds, amounting to $3,800 par value, were worth more than enough to sustain a conviction for grand larceny.

Sanchez, though not the owner of the bonds — having bought them with his wife’s money, for her, was nevertheless a bailee or them so long as he retained their custody, and their ownership was properly laid in him. Viberg v. State, 138 Ala. 100, 107, 35 South. 53. 100 Am. St. Rep. 22; Fowler v. State, 100 Ala. 96, 14 South. 860.

We find no error in the judgment of the Court of Appeals, and the writ will be denied.

Writ denied.

ANDERSON, O. J., and THOMAS and BOTJLDIN, JJ., concur. 
      <§r»For other cases see same topic and KEt-N UMBER in all Key-Numbered Digests and Indexes
     