
    In the Matter of the Application of Henry J. Haase, as Chamberlain of the City of Elmira, Respondent, to Compel the Delivery to him of the Books and Papers Belonging or Appertaining to such Office of Chamberlain of the City of Elmira and now in the Possession of Seymour Lowmam, Appellant.
    
      Term of office of the city chamberlain of Elmira extended by the Legislature — chapter 8 of the Laws of 1903 in that respect is unconstitutional — the fact that the extension was merely an incident to a general purpose does not make it valid.
    
    Chapter 8 of the Laws of 1903, which amended the charter of the city of Elmira (Laws of 1894, chap. 615, as amd. by Laws of 181.9, chap. 556), by extending for a.period of several months the term of the then city chamberlain, who had been appointed for a fixed term of three years, violates section 3 of article 10 of the State Constitution, securing to municipalities the right to 'elect or appoint their own officers.
    The provision extending the chamberlain’s term of office cannot be sustained on the ground that it was simply an incident to the general purpose of the amendatory act to change the date of the municipal election from March to November.
    Appeal by Seymour Bowman from an order of the Supreme Court, made at the Chemung Special Term and entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Chemung on the 25th day of June, 1903, denying his application to vacate an order to show cause why he should not deliver to Henry J. Haase, as chamberlain of the city of Elmira, the books and papers appertaining or bélonging to such office, and directing that the appellant be committed to the'Chemung county jail until the delivery by him of such books and papers to said Henry J. Haase, as such chamberlain, or until he should otherwise be discharged according to law.
    The appellant, Seymour Bowman, was appointed chamberlain of the city of Elmira for the term of three years on the 12th day of March, 1900. He was so appointed pursuant to section 6 of the charter of Elmira (Baws of 1894, chap. 615) which at the time of his appointment, so far as it is material to this appeal, was as follows: “ * * * The term of office of the city chamberlain * * ■ * shall be three years. * * * At the meeting of the common council on the first Tuesday next after the annual election last prior to the expiration of the term of the present city chamberlain or at some subsequent meeting, and as soon thereafter ás may be and at the meeting of t’he common council on the first Tuesday next after the annual election of each, and every third'year thereafter or at some subsequent meeting and as soon as may be the common council shall appoint one city chamberlain.”
    Before the amendments hereinafter mentioned the charter provided in section 5 (as amd. by Laws of 1899, chap. 556) for an annual election for'city officers on the first Tuesday of March in . each year. It was amended by Laws of 1903 (Chap. 8) as stated in the title, “ relating to ward boundaries, the election and appoint- , ment of city officers and their term of office.”
    The amendatory act, which took .effect February 27,1903, changed section 5 and provided for the annual election of city officers on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday of November at the time and at the place fixed for the general election on that day. It also amended a portion of section 6 to read as follows: “ The term of office of the city chamberlain * * * shall be three years. The city chamberlain in office when this act takes effect shall hold his office until the expiration of the term for which he was appointed and until the thirty-first day of December, nineteen hundred and three, and his successor shall have been chosen as in this section provided, and qualifies. At the meeting of the common council on the first Monday in January, nineteen hundred and four, end every third year thereafter, the common council shall appoint one city chamberlain for the term of three years. * * * All appointive city officers shall enter upon the duties of their respective offieés on the day following their appointment and shall hold office for the term in this section provided and until their successor shall have been appointed and qualify.”
    The common council on March 23, 1903, passed a resolution “ that Henry J. Haase be and is hereby appointed City Chamberlain to succeed Seymour Lowman, whose term of office has expired.” Thereafter Haase filed his bond, approved by the common council, took the constitutional oatli of office and demanded from Lowman, the appellant, the possession of the office of city chamberlain and of all books and papers belonging thereto. The appellant refused to deliver the same to the respondent, whereupon the latter brought this proceeding under section 2171a of the Code of Civil Procedure to compel such delivery. From a final order committing the appellant to the county jail until he delivers such books and papers to the respondent, or is otherwise discharged according to law, this appeal is taken.
    
      Richard H. Thurston, for the appellant.
    
      Frederick Collin, for the respondent.
   Chester, J.:

The only question to be determined upon this appeal is whether or not the respondent Haase is the chamberlain of the city of Elmira, and, therefore, entitled to the books and papers of that •office. His claim that he is is based upon his appointment by the common council March 23, 1903, and upon the alleged unconstitutionality of the Laws of 1903, chapter 8, so far as it provides for the extension of the term of office of the appellant to the 31st day of December, 1903.

It has been repeatedly held that a statute extending the term of office of a local officer was equivalent to. an appointment to office by the Legislature, and Was, therefore, void as counter to the home Tule provision of the Constitution, article 10, section 2. (People ex rel. Fowler v. Bull, 46 N. Y. 57; People ex rel. Williamson v. McKinney, 52 id. 374; People ex rel. Le Roy v. Foley, 148 id. 677 ; People ex rel. Lovett v. Randall, 151 id. 497 ; People ex rel. Eldred v. Palmer, 154 id. 133.)

Nor is it seriously contended by the appellant that this principle is not firmly established in the law of this State, but it is insisted in his behalf that while a law extending his term of office, standing alone, may be beyond the legislative power, yet here such extension was a mere incident of constitutional legislation -and can, therefore, be upheld. It is urged that the real object of the amendment was to change the date of the municipal election from' March to November and to make it concurrent with the general election, and that the extension of the term of office was simply an incident to such general purpose and should be upheld with the rest of the act. But that proposition carried to its conclusion is that a law unconstitutional as to a minor or incidental part, but constitutional in its principal features, should nevertheless be upheld as a whole— the maximum of good and constitutional legislation with the minimum of bad. I cannot give my assent to that doctrine. The Special Franchise Tax cases (People ex rel. Metropolitan St. Ry. Co. v. Tax Comrs., 174 N. Y. 417, revg. 79 App. Div. 184) are cited as authority for the proposition. I do. not so understand those cases. While it was in effect said in their course through the courts that the act brought in question there, so far as it authorized the assessment of special franchises by the State Board of Tax Commissioners, was an immaterial invasion of the Constitution, and that to declare it valid required only a minor or unsubstantial infraction of the organic law, the decision finally rested upon the conclusion that the act was not an invasion or infraction of the Constitution at all. The cases are, therefore, not an authority for the appellant’s contention. More than this, the case of People ex rel. Fowler v. Bull (supra) is an authority against it. In that case there was brought in question an act (Laws of 1866, chap. 217) extending the term of office of the justice and of the clerk of the District Court in the eighth judicial district of the city of ¡New York, which extension was but an incident of a general scheme to make the terms of office of all the justices and clerks of all the districts expire at the same time, and the act, so far as it provided for an extension of the term of office, was held to be unconstitutional and void.

The Constitution (Art. 10, § 2) secures to cities the selection of their own officers, and the legislative act in question here, so far as it assumes to extend the term of office of the appellant, being an infringement of a right so secured, cannot stand.

The appellant having been, on March 12, 1900, appointed chamberlain for a fixed term of three years, his term of office expired March 12, 1903, and at the close of that day his office was vacant for the ‘ purpose of choosing a successor. (Public Officers Law [Laws of 1892, chap. 681], § 5 ; People ex rel. Lovett v. Randall, supra.)

The charter, in its provisions relating to city officers, their election and appointment, provided for “ one chamberlain *' * * who shall be appointed by the mayor and common council.” (Laws of 1894, chap. 615, § 4, as amd. by Laws of 1895, chap. 371, § 1.) It also provided that the mayor and aldermen o'f the city shall constitute the common council thereof.” (Laws of 1894, chap. 615, § 20.) These provisions of the charter were not affected by the amendments made by Laws of 1903, chapter 8. It was the duty, therefore, of the common council, constituted as it was of the mayor and aldermen, to appoint a successor to Lowman as chamberlain when his term of office expired. The common council were, therefore, acting within the law when they passed the resolution which they did on March 23, 19Ó3, appointing Haase, the relator, city chamberlain, to succeed Lowman. The resolution- appointing Haase did not assume to fix the term for which he was appointed, nor is the question presented for our determination on this appeal. It is sufficient for us.to hold that he was lawfully appointed, and, he having duly qualified as required by law, is entitled to the books and papers belonging to the office.

The order should be affirmed, with costs. '

All concurred ;■ Parker, P. J., and Chase, J., in result; Smith, J., not sitting.

Order affirmed, with costs.  