
    The State v. Sutton.
    1, Criminal Procedure: defense of alibi: failure to instruct as to burden of proof. Where on a prosecution, for larceny an alibi was claimed by defendant, but the evidence relating- thereto was conflicting, and the court gave the ordinary instructions as to reasonable doubt, but failed to instruct as to the claimed alibi, and to tell the jury that the burden of proof' was upon the defendant to establish the alibi, held that this omission was favorable to the defendant, and no ground for a reversal on his appeal.
    
      
      Appeal from Dallas District Court.
    
    Saturday, December 11.
    The defendant was indicted, tried and convicted of tbe crime of larceny, and be appeals.
    
      Worth ds Wichols, for appellant.
    
      A. J. Baher, Attorney-general, for tbe State.
   RothbooK, J.

The crime of which tbe defendant was accused was tbe larceny of a cow, tbe property of one Den-ton. There was no dispute but that tbe cow was stolen, and that one Reed was a party to tbe crime. The defendant introduced several witnesses who testified that at tbe time of tbe theft be was so far away from where tbe crime -was committed that be could not have been guilty as charged. As opposed to this, there was tbe testimony of one Johnson, who stated that be saw tbe defendant leading tbe cow soon after she was stolen, and there was evidence to tbe effect that a rope with which tbe cow was tied when stolen was found in tbe defendant’s barn. There were also admissions of tbe defendant put in evidence, which tended to connect him with tbe commission of tbe crime.

It will be seen by tbe above statement of some of tbe facts put in evidence that tbe defendant relied upon the defense called an “alibi,” and that it was supported by tbe testimony of several witnesses. Tbe court did not, in its instructions to tbe jury, call special attention to this feature of tbe case. There was nothing in tbe instructions directing tbe attention of tbe jury to tbe claimed alibi, except tbe general direction that they should consider all tbe facts in tbe case in determining the guilt or innocence of tbe defendant. It is urged that the court should have instructed tbe jury that, as the defendant relied upon an alibi, he should establish tbe same by a preponderance of the evidence, as held in the case- of State v. Hamilton, 57 Iowa, 596, and cases there cited. But we think the omission to so instruct the jury was an omission favorable to the defendant, rather than prej udicial. If, under the instructions as they were given, the jury had a reasonable doubt that the defendant was in a place where he could participate in the crime, it was their duty to acquit, and all that was required was • that they should have a reasonable doubt upon that question.

The defense of alibi does not confess the act charged, and seek to excuse it, as in the defense of insanity. In such defense it is necessary that the force and effect of the excus-atory evidence should be explained to the jury, because the defense is in the nature of what is called a confession and avoidance in civil cases; and under the rule which has grown up in this state, where an alibi is relied upon, it is the right of the state to call upon the court to instruct the jury that the burden is cast upon the defendant to establish the defenso by a preponderance of evidence. But the absence of such direction to the jury is no prejudice to the defendant, and, under the general instruction as to reasonable doubt on the facts, the defense would be entitled to all the consideration claimed for it in the dissenting opinion in State v. Hamilton, supra.

II. It is claimed that the judgment should be reversed because of the incompetency of the attorney for defendant in the court below. Counsel presenting this appeal were not engaged in the tidal of the case. We cannot reverse upon this ground. There is nothing in the record to justify such a disposition of the case in this court.

III. We have examined the evidence with care, and we cannot sustain the claim of counsel that the defendant is not shown to be guilty. We think the verdict is fully sustained by established facts in the case.

AFFIRMED.  