
    John W. Crawford, Jr., Administrator, Respondent, v. The Wilson & Baillie Manufacturing Co., Appellant.
    (City Court of Brooklyn — General Term,
    April, 1894.)
    It is not negligence, as matter of law, for a child to play upon the sidewalk, even if it is so young as to be non sui juris. .
    
    One who ctfuses excavations to be made in a sidewalk is bound to take reasonable precautions for the security of travelers. If there is danger that the guards may be thrown down by boys in a thickly settled neighborhood, a watchman should be stationed in the day-time to see that they are kept up.
    Defendant had lawfully made several large excavations, six feet wide and seven deep, in the sidewalk for the foundations of an elevated railroad structure, which were unguarded at the time of the accident in question. Plaintiffs intestate, a child eight years old, was riding with other children on a boy’s wagon, which turned suddenly as it approached one of the excavations and threw the intestate into the hole, causing injuries from which he died. Held, that the intestate was not guilty of negligence as matter of law ; that the questions of negligence and contributory negligence were questions of fact and were properly submitted to the jury.
    Appeal from judgment in favor of the plaintiff, entered upon a verdict, and from order denying motion for a new trial.
    
      John C. Robinson, for respondent.
    
      Chas. C. Nadal, for appellant.
   Clement, Ch. J.

This action was brought by the plaintiff as administrator of his son, who was eight years old at the time of his death, to recover damages under the statute. It was proven that the defendant, as contractor with an elevated railroad company, by its employees, dug ten excavations on the sidewalk about seven feet deep and six feet square, in the block on Third avenue between Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth streets. These holes were lawfully made for the foundations of the columns of an elevated railroad in course of construction. On March 20, 1893, the deceased and other boys were riding in a boy’s wagon between half-past five and six o’clock. There is a down grade at the point in question, and the wagon was allowed to run down of its own weight. The boy was riding in this way until the wagon came near the hole, when it took a sudden turn, and both wagon and boy were thrown into the hole. There was no protection of any kind around the hole when the boy fell in. The boy died on the following day from the result of his injuries.

We are of opinion that the deceased was not guilty as matter of law of contributory negligence, and that such question was properly submitted to the jury. He was, at the time of his injury, only eight years and twenty-one days old. It is not negligence, as matter of law, for a child to play upon the sidewalk, even if it is so young as to be non swi juris. Huerzeler v. Central Crosstown R. R. Co., 139 N. Y. 490. In view of the want of experience of the deceased, it is clear that the case could not be dismissed on the ground of contributory negligence.

The question whether or not there was negligence on the part of the defendant was also one of fact. The defendant, if it caused excavations to be made in a sidewalk, was bound to take reasonable precautions for the security of travelers. The law as to interference with the highway is strict. Judge Earl said in the case of Sexton v. Zett, 44 N. Y. 430, 432: “ It is a well-settled rule that a person who interferes with a sidewalk in a city, and leaves it in a dangerous condition, is liable for injuries caused thereby, whether he knew it to be dangerous or not, and irrespective of any permission from the public authorities to do the work from which the injury arises.” There is no dispute in the case that, at the time the boy fell into the hole, there was no protection around it, although, as before stated, it was seven feet deep and six feet square and located in the sidewalk. The witnesses for the defendant testified that it had been protected by barrels and planks, and the defendant’s counsel claims, though there is no direct evidence, that other boys had pushed the planks and barrels into the hole shortly before the deceased fell in. Thomas Ward, the foreman of the defendant, says he saw the excavation at four o’clock, and it was then protected by two barrels and three planks, and on cross-examination testified that the edge of the hole between the barrels had no protection except such as was afforded by a plank laid on them at a distance of three and one-half feet from the ground, and he also testified that there was no special watchman detailed to watch these holes in the day-time. Mrs. Tiedemann testified that she lived directly opposite the place of the accident, and at noon of that day there was no protection around the hole. This testimony was properly admitted in view of the testimony of the defendant’s witnesses, for they went back three days to prove that the hole had been guarded all the time.'

There was no witness for the defendant who testified that he saw the hole guarded after five o’clock. The accident happened perhaps as late as a quarter before six. The foreman of the defendant said that they .had great trouble with boys, who threw down the guards and stole the barrels. It would seem that, if the guards were liable to be thrown down by boys in a thickly settled neighborhood, it was incumbent on the defendant to have a man especially detailed in the daytime to see that the guards were kept up. The defendant did not discharge its duty when it put up two barrels and three planks around the hole in question, even if that was a sufficient warning to the public. The defendant was bound to exercise care to see that the barriers were kept up all the time. If boys were in the habit of removing the guards, then the defendant was bound to be more vigilant.

When the plaintiff proved that there were no barriers at the time the child was injured he made out a pri/ma facie case. That fact was afterwards admitted by all the witnesses for the defendant. Whether there were guards to the hole in question was a question of fact for the jury, and whether or not they had been removed by the defendant’s employees, in the course of their work, was also a question of fact. If the jury found that the barriers had been removed by boys, whether the defendant did or did not have a reasonable time to replace them was a question of fact. The trial judge instructed the jury correctly on this point.

The exceptions at folios 102 and 103 cannot help the defendant. RTo proof was given as to the amount of the doctor’s bill, and as the child only lived one day, counsel seems to have waived it. Whether plaintiff did or did not pay the physician was properly admitted, and whether he paid the undertaker also was a proper question. If the proper evidence was not afterwards supplied, the counsel for defendant should have called the attention of the court to the fact, and have asked that the testimony be struck out, or that the jury be instructed not to give damages for the undertaker’s bill. If the exception was well taken as to the bill for funeral expenses, it would simply lead to a reduction of the verdict by the amount of such bill, and not to a reversal. On the whole, we think that the defendant cannot now complain, for the court would have charged the jury, if requested, that the undertaker’s bill should not be included in the damages.

The judgment and order denying new trial should be affirmed, with costs.

Osborne, J., concurs.

Judgment and order affirmed, with costs.  