
    Thomas S. Bassford, Respondent, v. Gustavus S. Swift et al., Appellants.
    (Supreme Court, Appellate Term,
    May, 1896.)
    1. Attorneys — Ratification of unauthorized employment.
    Ratification of the acts of an attorney employed by counsel without authority cannot be inferred from acceptance of an award recovered by him, without proof that such acceptance was made under circumstances which would put the parties on inquiry as to how the award was obtained.
    
      2. Same — Withdrawal of authority — Effect of.
    Withdrawal of an attorney’s employment is effectual to cut off his claim for subsequent services, if made in good faith after his failure to prosecute a claim successfully and without any attempt to deprive him of his compensation, as by interference with his proceedings on the eve of success.
    3. Services — Pleading.
    The complaint in an action for the value of services should allege an employment or request prior to the rendition of the services.
    Appeal by the defendants from a judgment of the Second District Court of the city of Dew York, entered upon the verdict of a jury, in favor of the plaintiff, for $175, besides costs. The action was to recover for “ professional services for the defendants of the agreed price and reasonable value of $175.” The defense was a general denial and an averment that if plaintiff performed any services for the defendants, it was done without their knowledge and consent, and with notice to the plaintiff not to perform them. The pleadings were in writing.
    Alfred B. Hall, Jr., for respondent.
    Carlos 0. Alden, for appellants.
   Daly, P. J.

The plaintiff, an attorney-at-law, has recovered a judgment against the defendants for legal services in procuring an award of damages in their favor against the city by reason of a change in the grade of the street in front of their premises. In 1888 the defendants retained their counsel, Mr. Swan, to press their claim for an award, and Mr. Swan, without authority from them, retained the plaintiff on an agreement to pay him 25 per cent, of the amount recovered. The plaintiff had several hundred claims of a similar nature in his hands. There was ground for a finding that the defendants subsequently had notice that the plaintiff was to act for them in the matter, because they verified the petition sent to them by him upon which his name and address were indorsed as attorney for the petitioners.

The first application for an award Was unsuccessful, and another proceeding >as instituted by the plaintiff in 1892, with a like •result. In 1894, the defendants notified Mr. Swan that they withdrew the matter from his hands, but gave no such notice to the plaintiff. Mr. Swan, however, testifies that he notified the plaintiff that the defendants had withdrawn the case. This was .denied by the plaintiff. It was undisputed, however, that Mr. Swan applied for and received hack from plaintiff’s office the title deeds which had been left with him upon the original retainer.

The plaintiff, afterward, made a third and successful application on behalf of the defendants and other claimants and succeeded in obtaining an award for $100 for the defendants. ISTo representation of the fact was made by him to Mr. Swan, nor to the defendants, and the award was subsequently discovered by Mr. Swan and' collected by the defendants. When the case was closed it thus appeared that the plaintiff may have acted as the attorney of defendants with their knowledge; and, consequently, that his retainer by Mr. Swan, though unauthorized in the first place, was ratified. And, upon the evidence, it could be claimed by plaintiff that his authority had not been revoked, according as the jury found upon, the dispute of fact between him and Mr. Swan. If the facts were found in his favor, this would give him a right to recover for his services under the retainer by Mr. Swan, because having notice of such retainer and ratifying it the defendants would be bound by its terms if they took no precautions to ascertain what those terms were before allowing the plaintiff to proceed in the matter.

The case Was not, however, submitted to the jury upon this theory, but upon the erroneous assumption that authority in Mr. Swan to retain the plaintiff might be implied from the defendants’ employment of Mr. Swan'. Upbn this point the defendants’ counsel asked the justice to charge that there was no evidence in the casé that Mr. Swan was ever constituted an attorney, in fact, of the defendant Swift. The court refused to charge it, leaving that question to the jury. The defendants’ counsel also asked the justice to charge that if the jury found that Mr. Swan notified Mr. Bassford of the withdrawal of the defendants’ employment of Tn'm (Mr. Swan), that subsequent service by Mr. Bassford could not be recovered for. The justice charged that if the jury found that for services rendered, even after this, that the defendants have ratified generally and received the benefit of, they would still be liable, to which the defendants excepted. There was no evidence that the defendants ratified the act of the plaintiff after the withdrawal of the employment of Mr. Swan. Such ratification could only be inferred from their acceptance of the award under circumstances which'could put them upon inquiry as to how it was obtained, and no such, circumstances are shown.

Withdrawal of the plaintiff’s employment would be effectual to cut off his claim.for subsequent services, if made in good faith after his failure to prosecute the claim successfully and without any attempt to deprive him of his compensation, as by interference with his proceedings, on the eve of success.

A question arises upon the pleadings. At the commencement of the casé the. defendants moved to dismiss the complaint because it failed to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, and the objection was that the plaintiff did not allege an employment by the defendants, nor that the services were performed at their request. The allegation is that the services performed were “ of the agreed price and reasonable value.” If it is a reasonable inference that an agreement was made between the plaintiff and defendants it does not appear whether it was made before or after the rendition of the services. If made after the services rendered, without employment or request of the defendants, there could be no recovery. Consideration must consist of a present or future act. A past act cannot serve as a consideration for a promise. 3 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 838; Winch v. Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co., 11 Misc. Rep. 390. The complaint left it doubtful' and uncertain when the agreement between the parties was made; “and when a pleading is susceptible of two meanings, that shall be taken which is most unfavorable to the pleader.” Clark v. Dillon, 97 N. Y. 370. It is apparent, therefore, that the complaint should have been amended by proper allegations of employment by the plaintiff before the rendition of the services, or the complaint should have been dismissed.

The judgment should be reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to the appellants to abide the event.

McAdam, J., concurs.

Judgment reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to appellants to abide event.  