
    Reine Conrad, Plaintiff, v. George T. Conrad, Defendant.
    (Supreme Court, New York Special Term,
    November, 1907.)
    Joinder of causes of action — What causes of action may be joined — Causes of action for divorce and separation may not be joined. Divorce — Pleading — Answer, counterclaim or cross bill — Joinder of counterclaims.
    Although a defendant in an action for divorce may, under the provisions of section 1770 of the Code of Civil Procedure, unite in his answer as counterclaims causes of action both for a divorce and for a separation, the plaintiff cannot, in her complaint, unite both causes of action.
    Demurrer to the complaint in an action for divorce or for a separation.
    May & Jackson, for plaintiff.
    Ornstein & Levy, for defendant.
   Blanchard, J.

The complaint sets forth the adultery

and the cruel conduct of the defendant, and asks for a decree of divorce or, in the alternative, a decree of separation. The defendant demurs, alleging that there is a misjoinder of causes of action in the complaint. Zorn v. Zorn, 38 Hun, 67, expressly holds that causes of action in divorce and separation cannot be united in the same complaint. This case has never been overruled, and seems, therefore, controlling in the present case. The court held in Zorn v. Zorn that such a joinder of causes of action was in violation of •section 484 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which provides that causes of action of certain enumerated classes may be united, and that the causes of action may be united only when arising out of the same transaction or connected with the same subject of action and consistent with each other. The plaintiff contends that since section 1770 of the Code of Civil Procedure permits a defendant to set up against an action for divorce or separation a counterclaim consisting of a cause of action either in divorce or separation he may join both causes of action in his complaint. It has been held at Special Term that this section permits the defendant to join both causes of action in a counterclaim (Spahn v. Spahn, 12 Abb. N. C. 169) ; but in so far as the defendant is permitted to join both these causes of action in his counterclaim the practice rests solely upon the authority of section 1770, which refers only to counterclaims and has no application to complaints. Mason v. Mason, 34 Civ. Pro. 193. It is difficult to see why the same practice which governs the joinder of causes of action in the counterclaim ' should not be extended to the complaint. The cases upon which Zorn v. Zorn, supra, rested were determined by considerations which would seem quite as applicable to counterclaims as to complaints. In those cases the courts stated that the cause of action for divorce prayed for a judgment dissolving the marriage contract, while the cause of action for separation contemplated the continued existence of the marriage contract. It seems, however, that this circumstance does not necessarily make the causes of action inconsistent, but rather shows that for the breach of the marriage contract two alternative remedies are demanded, one which will result in the dissolution of the contract and the other which will result in its continuance with certain changes. Similarly, the cases upon which Zorn v. Zorn rested were largely determined by the manifest reluctance of the courts to subject the defendant to “ an inquiry into the history of the domestic life of the parties to make out the charge of habitual cruelty or other indecent and outrageous conduct, and this too upon the mere contingency that such proof might be wanted if the other charge of adultery did not succeed.” Johnson v. Johnson, 6 Johns. Ch. 163; see also Smith v. Smith, 4 Paige, 92; McIntosh v. McIntosh, 12 How. Pr. 289; Henry v. Henry, 17 Abb. 411; McNamara v. McNamara, 6 Abb. 11. This consideration, however, seems quite as applicable to complaints as to counterclaims. The reasoning of these cases above mentioned was questioned in a dictum in Doe v. Roe, 23 Hun, 19, 23, but this didum was disregarded in Zorn v, Zorn, supra. Although the rule of Zorn v. Zorn, supra, does not impress the court as being wholly satisfactory it seems that that decision is controlling, and that the demurrer to the complaint herein must accordingly be sustained.

Demurrer sustained.  