
    WOOD v. MAYOR, ETC., OF CITY OF NEW YORK.
    (Supreme Court, Appellate Division, First Department.
    February 11, 1898.)
    1. Voluntary Payment—Recovery.
    Where an owner of real property applies to the city authorities for a permit to construct vaults under the sidewalk, and voluntarily* pays the amount demanded therefor, he cannot, in an action to recover back a part thereof, raise the question whether a previous payment for a permit applying to a portion of the space in question exonerated him from further payment as to that portion.
    2. Same—Payment under Protest.
    The fact that he paid the amount demanded under protest,' and to avoid possible complications or delay in carrying out a contract to erect buildings on the land, on which he was to procure a building loan, does not deprive the payment of its voluntary character.
    Action by Henry S. Wood against the mayor, aldermen, and commonalty of the city of New York. Motion for a judgment on a verdict directed for plaintiff, subject to the opinion of the appellate division.
    Verdict set aside.
    Argued before VAN BRUNT, P. J., and PATTERSON, O’BRIEN, INGRAHAM, and McLAUGHLIN, JJ.
    J. P. Berg, for plaintiff.
    W. B. Crowell, for defendant.
   VAN BRUNT, P. J.

The following facts appeared upon the trial:The plaintiff became the owner of the premises Nos. 112, 114, and 116 Bleecker street, in the city of New York, by deed dated July 14, 1896. The houses which formerly stood on said premises had been torn down, and there was an old existing vault in front of Ho. 112. A permit to construct said vault had been obtained by a former grantor of said premises in Hovember, 1870, for which permit the sum of $251.50 was paid to the then commissioner of public works, and said vault was constructed, and existed at the time of the conveyance of the property to the plaintiff. The plaintiff having made a contract with his grantor as to the erection of two houses, each 37 feet and 6 inches wide, and for a builder’s loan, he started the work, and applied to the commissioner of public works for a permit to construct vaults in front of his premises, including the space occupied by the vault in front of Ho. 112. The commissioner stated that the charge would be $2 a foot for the whole space, but that he would deduct and allow to the plaintiff the 75 cents a foot which had been paid in 1870 for the vault in front of Ho. 112. The plaintiff protested against paying this charge, which amounted to $137.50, but the commissioner would not issue the permit unless this sum was paid. Plaintiff, as he claims, to avoid litigation, and fearing that the erection of his buildings would be delayed and interfered with, and he be put to great loss, paid the money under protest. This action was brought to recover back the amount charged by the commissioner for the space occupied by the original vault in front of Ho. 112.

It does not seem to be at all necessary to discuss the question as to the respective rights of the plaintiff and the city in regard to the validity of the position taken by the city that the plaintiff had no rightful claim to the vault space under the sidewalk in front of Ho. 112. The payment of the sum for the permit to erect vaults in front of the premises in question, including the space in front of Ho. 112, was voluntary, and hence cannot be recovered. The case of Tripler v. City of New York, 125 N. Y. 617, 26 N. E. 721, seems to dispose of any contention on the part of the plaintiff that he was coerced into making the payment. He applied to the commissioner for the permit. The commissioner claimed that the charge for the issuing of that permit would be the same, notwithstanding the occupation of a portion of the premises for which the permit was asked by the previous vault. The plaintiff, in order to avoid any question or possibility of delay in reference to the construction of his buildings, paid the amount, received his permit, and constructed Ms vaults in accordance therewith. If he did not desire a new permit for the space occupied by the previous vault in front of Ho. 112, there was no necessity of his making an application therefor. In the case of Tripler v. City of New York, the plaintiff paid an illegal assessment to clear the premises assessed from the lien and incumbrance of the assessment, in compliance with the terms of sale and deed from the plaintiff to the purchaser. The court held that the payment in question was made without any coercion, that- the plaintiff had paid voluntarily, and could not recover. It is urged that, to constitute a voluntary payment, the party paying must have had freedom to exercise his will, and that, if he acts under any species of compulsion, the payment is not voluntary. In the case at bar there is no evidence but that the plaintiff had the freedom of exercising his will. If his position was correct, he had no necessity for any new permit so far as No. 112 was concerned; and he might very well have contented himself with an application for a permit as to the rest of the premises, and then proceeded with his building, if he could do so according to law. But, as he wanted a new permit for the whole of the premises, and thought it was worth paying for, it is difficult to see how he can get the money back again.

The verdict must be set aside, and a new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide the event. All concur.  