
    Jacob V. D. Wyckoff and William S. Kane, Respondents, v. Pelham St. George Bissell, Appellant.
    
      A real estate broker—when not entitled to commissions.
    
    Under an agreement entered into by certain real estate brokers with a property owner providing that, if the owner shall make an exchange-of his property for any of the properties submitted to him by the brokers, he will pay certain commissions, the brokers are not entitled to recover such commissions, when it appears that they merely procured, from the agent of the vendee, a list of the properties which his principal had for sale or exchange, and submitted this list to the vendor, upon which list was the parcel which the vendor accepted upon the exchange, and there is no evidence that they either brought the vendor and vendee together, or induced them to negotiate with reference to the exchange.
    Appeal by the defendant, Pelham St. George Bissell, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiffs, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of ¡New York on the 21st day of April, 1897, upon the verdict of a jury, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 10th day of May, 1897, denying the defenidant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      
      William T. Schley, for the appellant.
    
      Maurice Untermyer, for the respondents.
   Williams, J.:

The action was brought to recover for services of the plaintiffs in negotiating for defendant an exchange of real property in the city ¡of New York. The complaint alleged that in May, 1896, the defendant employed the plaintiffs as brokers to negotiate a sale or exchange of property of the defendant at the corner of Broadway and Fourth street; that the defendant promised to pay the plaintiffs- for their services in effecting such sale or exchange the sum of $3,000; that the plaintiffs rendered services in and about the negotiation, sale and exchange of the property for the defendant, so that, through the efforts and services of the plaintiffs, the defendant effected a sale or exchange thereof to a person introduced and brought to defendant by the plaintiffs, to wit, one John T. Williams; and that, by reason of these premises, the defendant was indebted to the plaintiffs for work, labor and services as brokers in the sale or exchange of the property in the sum of $3,000.

The only material question arising upon this appeal is whether there was sufficient evidence in the case to sustain the verdict of the jury. The contract as sworn to by the plaintiffs on the trial was that, if the defendant made an exchange of his property for any of the properties submitted to him by the plaintiffs, he, the defendant, would pay $3,000 commissions. This contract cannot fairly be construed as an agreement that the defendant would pay the commissions unless the exchange was brought about by the plaintiffs under such circumstances as "would entitle them to brokers’ commissions under the well-settled principles of law applicable to the right to recover such commissions. If the plaintiffs were entitled to commissions at all, under the proofs in the case, then the amount thereof was agreed to be $3,000. The plaintiffs could not recover $3,000 upon any other theory than that stated in their complaint, to wit: That they rendered services for the defendant, in and about the negotiations, sale and exchanges; that through their efforts and services the sale or exchange was effected. There would seem to be an entire absence of proof to sustain such a cause of action. In Sibbald v. The Bethlehem Iron Co. (83 N. Y. 378) it is said: “ The duty he (the broker) undertakes, the obligation he assumes as a condition of his right to demand commissions, is to bring the buyer and seller to an agreement. In that all the authorities substantially concur, although expressing the idea with many differences of phrase and illustration. The description and definition of a broker involves this view of his duty. Story says: 'The true definition of a broker seems to be that he is an agent employed to make bargains and contracts between other persons in matters of trade, commerce or navigation for a compensation commonly called brokerage.’ (Story on Agency, § 28.) * * * We do not mean that the broker must of necessity be present and an active participator in the agreement of buyer and seller when that agreement is actually concluded; he may just as effectually produce and create the agreement, though absent when it is completed and taking no part in the arrangement of its final details. * * * In Lloyd v. Watkins (51 N. Y. 132) the phrase used was that the broker was entitled to reward when the sale was effected through his agency as the procuring cause, and in Lyon v. Mitchell (36 N. Y. 237) the broader language is used, that his efforts must have led to the negotiations that resulted in the purchase of the vessel.”

There is no proof in the case that the plaintiffs ever brought the defendant and Williams together, ever introduced them to each other, or that the plaintiffs’ efforts led to any negotiations between the parties, or that the exchange was effected through the plaintiffs’ agency as a procuring cause. The most that appears in the case is that the plaintiffs procured from the agent of Williams a list of properties which Williams had for sale, and submitted this list to the defendant; that upon this list was the property which was finally exchanged for the defendant’s property. The only evidence in the case that Williams and the defendant were brought together or led to negotiate with reference to the exchange of the properties which was finally effected is, that such meeting of the parties and negotiations with reference to this property were brought about by one Mrs. French, the defendant’s mother-in-law, who was in no way connected with the plaintiffs. The theory upon which the verdict was rendered seems to have been that the agreement made by the defendant was, that if he made the exchange he would pay the plaintiffs $3,000 commission, whether the exchange was effected through the agency of the plaintiffs as procuring cause or not, and it was apparently assumed that if such a contract was made by the defendant and he afterwards made the exchange, he was liable for the $3,000, even though the only part which the plaintiffs had in the matter was to present the list of property which Williams had for sale or exchange to the defendant. As we have seen, this was not, properly construed, the contract entered into by the defendant.

We think there was an entire failure on the part of the plaintiffs to establish the cause of action set out in their complaint, and that the motion to dismiss the complaint made at the close of the evidence should have been granted.

Certainly the motion for a new trial upon the minutes of the court should have been granted.

The judgment and order appealed from should be reversed and a new trial granted, with costs to the appellant to abide event.

Van Brunt, P. J., Patterson, O’Brien and Ingraham, JJ., concurred.

Judgment and order reversed and new trial ordered, costs to appellant to abide event.  