
    Edward J. Wessels, Plaintiff, v. Alfred Carr, Defendant.
    (Supreme Court, New York Special Term,
    March, 1896.)
    1. Deceit — Sufficiency of complaint — Release of judgment procured by false representations.
    A complaint alleging .the procurement of a release and assignment of a judgment by false representations that the defendant was unable to pay the same; that the consideration for the assignment was not made by the assignee, but by the defendant; that the statements were made with intent to deceive the plaintiff, and that defendant was a man of means and able to pay the judgment in full, states facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action for deceit.
    S. Pleading — Complaint — Demurrer.
    If a complaint shows title to redress in any form, it is good against a demurrer.
    Demurrer to complaint.
    Eranklin Bien, for demurrer.
    T. G. Sheehan, opposed.
   Pryor, J.

Insufficiency in substance is the ground of demurrer to a complaint which exhibits the following facts: That plaintiff recovered a judgment against the defendant for $1,237.49, which is still unpaid and unsatisfied; that on plaintiff endeavoring to ■collect said judgment, the defendant willfully, intentionally and falsely represented that he was a poor man and.could not pay a ■dollar of his debts, but that if plaintiff would accept $250 in full •settlement of said judgment and give defendant a release from all obligation finder the said judgment, he, the defendant, would procure a ".party to take an assignment of the said judgment for the said sum; that relying upon the statement of the defendant in regard to his financial ability to’pay the said judgment, the plaintiff accepted the defendant’s offer, gave the defendant a release and .made an assignment of the said judgment to one William H. Mangels; that the $250 was paid, .not by Mangels, but by the defendant; that the assignment, to Mangels was intended to deceive plaintiff into believing that the defendant .was a poor man and unable to pay the judgment, and that in effect the- assignment wás for the benefit of the defendant; that the representation of defendant in regard to his inability to pay said judgment was false and made with the intention of deceiving and defrauding the plaintiff; that,- in fact,-the defendant was a man of means and able to pay the said judgment in full, and that by reason of the premises the plaintiff- has suffered damages in the sum of $1,500.

Obviously, here are all the constituents of an action for deceit, namely, representation, falsity, scienter, deception and injury.” Church, C. J., in Arthur v. Griswold, 55 N. Y. 400, 410; Brackett v. Griswold, 112 id. 454; Hickey v. Morrell, 102 id. 454, 463.

“ In determining the sufficiency of the pleading demurred to, it must be assumed that the facts stated therein, as well as such as may, by reasonable and fair intendment, be implied from the allegations made, are true.” Milliken v. Telegraph Co., 110 N. Y. 403. To sustain a demurrer to a complaint it is not sufficient that the facts are imperfectly or informally averred, or that it lacks definiteness and precision, or that the material facts are only argumentatively averred; it will be deemed to allege what can by reasonable and fair intendment be implied from the allegations.” Marie v. Garrison, 83 N. Y. 14; Sanders v. Soutter, 126 id. 193. While the court may not, by implication, import an absent allegation into a complaint (Clark v. Dillon, 97 N. Y. 370),"still, “ pleadings are to be liberally construed with a view to substantial justice, or, in other words, with a view to get out-the real truth of the case, when it will amt involve surprise or injustice to either party.” Beckham, J., in Bowe v. Wilkins, 105 N. Y. 322; 328.

But why recourse to rules of construction when the complaint is explicit in the statement of every fact essential to the support of the action? ,

• Indeed, the demurrant does not challenge the right of plaintiff on the facts pleaded to some relief, but the contention is that his only remedy is an action for cancellation of the assignment and release of the judgment. But if the complaint show title to any redress in any form, it is good against the demurrer. Johnson v. Girdwood, 7 Misc. Rep. 651; aff’d by Court of Appeals, 143 N. Y. 660. ,

On discovery of the fraud plaintiff had an alternative of remedies; that is, either to rescind the contract, or, affirming it, sue for damages. Krumm v. Beach, 96 N. Y. 398, 406; Vail v. Reynolds, 118 id. 297, 302; Cooley on Torts, 503. He adopts the latter expedient, to the pursuit of which, manifestly, the assignment and release of the judgment, instead of opposing an obstacle, are indispensable conditions. Such assignment and release, fraudulently procured, is the gravamen of the action.

Demurrer overruled, with leave to answer.  