
    Paget et al. v. Pease et al.
      
    
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Derpartrment.
    
    July 9, 1889.)
    1. Publication—Death of Plaintiff—Action by Trustee and Cestui que Trust.
    A woman, prior to her marriage, having a reversionary interest under a will, executed a marriage settlement, conveying her interest to a trustee. Afterwards she brought an action to annul a judgment construing the will, which was supposed to affect the reversionary interest, and joined as plaintiff the trustee. Meld, that the death of the trustee pending publication of summons suspended the action until his successor was appointed, and rendered the order of publication inoperative.
    3. Same.
    Code Civil Proc, IT. T. §§ 758, 759, which relate to cases in which the cause of action in whole or in part survives to the surviving plaintiff, have no application to this case, as the married woman and her trustee must have sued in different rights, the one as beneficiary and the other as trustee, and whatever right of action the trustee had passed, not to the beneficiary, but to his successor in the trust.
    3. Same.
    The trustee, as the holder of the legal title to the reversionary interest, was the proper party to bring any action necessary to its protection, and, in the absence of a showing of special circumstances, it cannot be said that he was not a necessary .party.
    Macomber, J., dissenting.
    Appeal from special term, Hew York county.
    Argued before Van Brunt, P. J., and Macomber and Bartlett, JJ.
    
      B. C. Calvin, (George Hoadly, of counsel,) for appellant. John 8. Melcher, for respondents.
    
      
      Affirming 3 N. Y. Supp. 335.
    
   Bartlett, J.

This litigation grows out of certain transactions in reference to the estate of the late Paran Stevens, deceased. The complaint itself does not appear in the appeal papers, and the statement of its contents which they furnish is not as full as could be desired. From that statement, however, we gather the following facts: The plaintiff, Mary Fiske Paget, is the married daughter of Mr. Stevens. By his will he appears to have left a legacy of $1,000,000, to be applied for the benefit of his widow, Marietta B. Stevens, in which legacy Mrs. Paget has a reversionary interest expectant upon the death of her mother. Prior to her marriage, Mrs. Paget (then Miss Stevens) executed a marriage settlement, whereby she conveyed to trustees her reversionary interest in this $1,000,000 legacy. Since that time there have been various transactions between the executors of the Stevens estate, Mrs. Stevens, and the trustees of Mrs. Stevens, which, as we understand the statement of the complaint, are believed by Mrs. Paget to have injuriously affected her reversionary interest in the legacy to her mother. Among other things, she complains of a judgment which was rendered in a suit brought for the construction of her father’s will, and denounces such judgment as fraudulent and collusive. She also attacks an agreement whereby certain real estate was transferred to Mrs. Stevens at a specified valuation in satisfaction of the legacy which has been mentioned. The purpose of the present action is to set aside the judgment construing the will, annul the agreement, and enforce the payment of the legacy in cash, the claim, to this relief apparently being based on the ground that the judgment and agreement have decreased, or will operate to decrease, the reversionary share of the plaintiff, Mary Fiske Paget, conveyed, as already stated, to trustees, under her antenuptial settlement. When this action was begun the surviving trustee under the settlement, Alfred Henry Paget, was a co-plaintiff with Mary Fiske Paget. It was necessary to serve the respondents, who are non-resident defendants, by publication; and after such service had been commenced, but before it was completed, the plaintiff Alfred Henry Paget died. Thereupon the respondents, through an attorney, who appeared for the purposes of the motion only, moved at special term to set aside the service of the summons, and the court made the order which is now before us for review.

There is no suggestion that the cause of action itself has not survived to some one, but the question is whether the surviving plaintiff can go on with it, just as if her trustee had never been associated with her as a co-plaintiff, and without taking any steps to have his successor in interest made a party to the suit. The contingency here presented is not provided for either in section 758 or section 759 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Those sections relate to cases in which the cause of action in whole or in part survives to the surviving plaintiff or plaintiffs. But in the case at bar the plaintiffs must have sued in different rights,—the one on account of her beneficial interest, the other as trustee,—and whatever right of action belonged to the deceased plaintiff, Alfred Henry Paget, as the appellant’s trustee, passed, on his death, not to the plaintiff, but to his successor in the trust. Therefore sections 758 and 759 have no application. Under the circumstances disclosed by this record the proper course seems to be to continue the suit, after the appointment of a new trustee under the marriage settlement, by means of an amended complaint in analogy to the practice which prevailed in the court of chancery. Story, Eq. Pl. § 364; Doherty v. Matsell, 17 Abb. N. C. 377.

But the appellant argues that Alfred Henry Paget was not a necessary plaintiff, and that she might have brought the suit alone, and made him a defendant under section 447 of the Ciode. If the complaint had been set out in full in the appeal papers we should not be left in the dark, as we now are, as to the precise position assumed by each of the plaintiffs herein. But, in such light as the affidavits afford, it would seem that the deceased trustee was more important as a plaintiff than the appellant herself. He held the legal title to her reversionary interest in the million dollar legacy, and he was the proper person to bring any action necessary for its protection. Railroad Co. v. Nolan, 48 N. Y. 513, 518. Indeed, the case cited expressly holds that, where the title to a fund is in trustees, “neither the cestuis que trustent nor the beneficiaries can maintain an action in relation to it, as against third parties, except in case the trustees refuse to perform their duties in that respect, and then the trustees should be brought before the court as parties defendant;” and the court declares that it is the duty of trustees in whom a fund is vested to maintain and defend it against wrongful attack or injury tending to impair its safety or amount. That Alfred Henry Paget was a proper plaintiff in the present suit is therefore clear, and we are not prepared to hold that he was not a necessary plaintiff. As lie represented interests which, when he died, did not devolve upon his co-plaintiff, his death brought the action to a standstill. Ho jurisdiction over the respondents had yet been obtained, for the service by publication was incomplete. In effect, there had been no service of process upon them at all; and it seems clear that where the rights of one of two plaintiffs do not survive to the other, the death of one before the service of process would make it an idle ceremony to serve the summons subsequently, until there had been a proper amendment. We agree with the court below that the effect of the death of the appellant’s co-plaintiff was to make the further publication of the summons inoperative, and the order properly so declared.. It should therefore be affirmed, with costs.

Van Bruñó?, P. J., concurs. Macomber, J., dissents.  