
    James C. O’Rourke, Respondent, v. The Interborough Rapid Transit Co., Appellant.
    (Supreme Court, Appellate Term,
    February, 1905.)
    Street railways — Guard closed door—Passenger’s fingers injured.
    Where as plaintiff who had been standing on the platform of a car on defendant’s elevated train started to enter the car to take a seat, the guard closed the door and plaintiff’s fingers were jammed between it and the upright frame against which it closed and the fair and natural inference from all the' testimony in an action to recover for personal injuries, is that the act of the guard in closing the door and of plaintiff in placing his hand on the door jamb were simultaneous, a judgment lor plaintiff will be reversed and a new trial ordered.
    Appeal from a judgment of the Municipal Court of the city of New York, tenth district, borough of Manhattan, in favor of the plaintiff in an action for personal injuries.
    Charles A. Gardiner (Geo. C. Squires, of counsel), for appellant.
    William W. Young, for respondent.
   Giegerich, J.

The plaintiff boarded a car of one of the defendant’s elevated railroad trains, but as there were no seats vacant he stood outside on the platform. At the next station a seat was vacated, and a friend who was with him and had entered the car previously beckoned to him, and he started to enter. As he was doing so the guard closed the sliding-door and the plaintiff’s fingers were jammed between the door and the upright frame against which it closed.

The court below gave judgment against the defendant, who now appeals and claims that there was no proof of negligence or, if there was such proof, it equally showed contributory negligence.

The evidence bearing directly on this point is found in the testimony of the plaintiff and the guard who closed the door and, being very brief, will be set forth verbatim.

The following appears from the plaintiff’s direct-examination: “A. * * * I started to go in and as I started to go in the guard slammed the door and caught me on the fingers. * * * Q. Did you see the guard as he was about to shut the door? A. I saw him just as he was standing there. Q. Did you see the door as it was being shut; did you see him make the motion to shut the door before the door struck you? A. The first thing I knew I got it on the fingers. Q. You were walking into the car? A. I was about to enter the car. Q. Did the guard give you any warning or any notice that he was going to shut the door? A. 3STo; he did not warn me at all.” And the following from his cross-examination: “ Q. And the door was coming this way (illustrating) ? A. Yes. Q. And you put your hand right over the place where the door would strike? A. Yes; exactly.”

From the examination of the guard this appears: “A. Well, after the train passed Franklin street I announced my station and closed my door and this man claimed he got his hand caught in the door that I was after closing. Q. That is the first you know of it? A. That is the first I know of it. Q. Did you see his hand there at any time? A. No, sir; his hand was not there.” And from his cross-examination: Q. You state that his hand was not on the sill when you shut the door? A. Yes. Q. Did you look at the doorsill just before you looked at the door? A. Yes. Q. And his hand was not there? A. His hand was not there.”

From all this testimony it seems a fair and natural inference that the act of the guard in closing the door and of the plaintiff in placing his hand on the door jamb were simultaneous, and that the plaintiff placed his hand in the way just as the door struck. It might be more accurate to call this an accident, occurring without legal responsibility on the part of any one, than to attempt by -analysis to determine the questions of negligence and contributory negligence.

If the latter is attempted, however, it might well be claimed that the plaintiff, according to his own direct-examination, was in fault for not looking before him as he started to enter the car. That he did not so look is obvious from his testimony that he did not see the door as it was being shut, nor the motion of the guard in shutting it.

On the other hand, if negligence on the part of the guard is sought for, none can be found. The theory of the plaintiff seems to be, judging by the questions asked, that the guard should have made some announcement or warning before closing the door. But as no one was in a position at the time to be hurt by the closing of the door, such a warning would have been superfluous, as it would have been addressed only to those who intended to approach, but who would be amply warned by the motion of the door itself and of the guard in closing it, if they were looking where they were going, as the guard would have the right to assume they would do.

The present case is very different from those cited in support of the judgment. In McGlynn v. Brooklyn Crosstown R. R. Co., 6 N. Y. St. Repr. 51, the plaintiff’s finger was cut off by a sudden closing of the door by the driver of the car before she could get off, and the court held that the driver “ should have anticipated the chance that the plaintiff would sustain and steady herself by holding on the car until she was firm on the ground.”

Similarly, in Colwell v. Manhattan R. Co., 57 Hun, 452, the’plaintiff was in a position of manifest risk, to wit, in the open doorway just as the car stopped, and, to steady herself against the stoppage of the car, had seized the door frame, when the trainman who had opened the door let it go and it slammed upon her fingers.

The same thing is true of Fordham v. London, Brighton & South Coast Railway Co., L. R. (3 C. P.), p. 368. There the passenger was in the act of boarding the train and had placed his hand on the back of the open door to aid him in mounting the step. Before he had entered the car the guard closed the door and crushed his hand.

In all these cases the passengers were in positions of risk obvious to the trainman. Here, however, there was nobody in any position of risk at the time the door was shut, but the assuming the position of risk and the shutting of the door were concurrent acts.

The judgment should be reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to the appellant to abide the event.

Scott and McCall, JJ., concur.

Judgment reversed and new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event.  