
    The People of the State of New York ex rel. William W. Mershon, Relator, v. Daniel A. Shaw, as President, and George H. Brouwer and Others, as Trustees of the Village of Sea Cliff, and Constituting the Board of Trustees Thereof, Respondents.
    
      Village—street closing proceeding — an adjudication signed by Vie trustees when the board of trustees was not in session, and afterwards placed upon its minutes, is invalid—review of the alleged adjudication by certiorari—who is an aggrieved party entitled to the writ.
    
    The trustees of a village can only act in proceedings to close a portion of a village-street, instituted under sections 145, 146 and 147 of the Village Law (Chap. 414 of the Laws of 1897), at a session of the hoard.
    Where the records of the board of trustees of the village do not show that the-board, as such, has ever arrived at any determination with reference to the discontinuance of a street, but simply that there was placed on the minutes a paper purporting to be such a determination, which had been previously signed by the members of the board at a time when the board was not in session, and when no meeting thereof was held,- the adjudication contemplated by the statute is not shown, and the proceeding has no validity or force.
    The action of the board, in assuming to make a determination to discontinue-a street under such provisions of the Village Law, is judicial in its character and is, therefore, reviewable by certiorari.
    A person who is deprived, by the discontinuance of the street, of the only direct way to reach the shore of a harbor, which is about two blocks distant from his-dwelling, and is thereby “compelled to make a considerable detour to the-north in order to reach the same, and by reason thereof he is put to great inconvenience and the value of his property is materially lessened,” is a. party aggrieved by the determination and is entitled to review the same by certiorari.
    It is not necessary, in order to make him a party aggrieved, that the action of' the village board should be such as to entitle him to maintain an action for damages.
    Certiorari issued out of the Supreme Court and attested on the-1st day of March, 1898, directed to Daniel A. Shaw, as president, and George H. Brouwer and others, as trustees, constituting the board, of trustees of the village of Sea Cliff, in the county of Queens, commanding them to certify and return to the office of the clerk of the-county of Queens all and singular their proceedings in reference to-the application to close a portion of Dayton street in the village of: Sea Cliff.
    
      
      Henry A. Monfort, for the relator.
    
      Townsend Scudder, for the respondents.
   WILLARD BARTLETT, J.

According to the allegations of the petition, the relator is the owner of a dwelling house, in. which he resides, located upon a lot belonging to him on Dayton street in the village of Sea Cliff one block to the east of that portion pf the street which the board of trustees of the village have undertaken to close by the proceedings brought up for review by this- writ. Those proceedings were instituted under sections .145, 146 and 147 of the Village Law (Laws of 1897, chap. 414). Section 145 provides that five resident freeholders may present to. the board of trustees a petition for laying out, altering, widening, narrowing or discontinuing, á street in a village,, and prescribes wliat facts must be stated in. such petition; Section 146 ■ directs that, upon the presentation thereof, the board shall immediately give notice that it will meet at a specified time and place, not less than ten nor more than twenty days from the date of such notice,. to consider the petition. In the case of the proposed discontinuance of a street the notice is required to be served upon - each owner of, land adjoining the street proposed to be discontinued, “ and also upon the ■ owner of land otherwise affected by the proposed discontiriuance.” Section 147 requires the board to meet, at the time • and place specified in the notice, .to consider the petition and - also any -objections thereto and further provides as follows,:- “The board may adjourn the • hearing and must determine the matter within twenty days from the date fixed for such hearing. If the board determine to grant the petition, an- order must be. entered in its minutes containing a description of the land, if any, to be taken.”'

In the present case the minutes of' the board of trustees of the village of Sea. Cliff,' which are set-out in the return to-the writ of certiorari, show that a petition of five- resident freeholders for the discontinuance of that part. of Dayton street west of Locust place was received at a meeting of .the board held on October 13, 1897. The minutes also show-that the board, then ordered the publication and posting of a -notice to the effect that the board .would meet in its room on October 27, 1897, at nine o’clock in the evening-to. consider said petition. The minutes of a meeting held on October 20, 1897, state that the clerk reported the posting of the notice in five public places and the advertisement thereof in a Sea Cliff newspaper. They also state: “ The above notice was served by the clerk on John T. Pirie, Samuel Stenson, D. W. Pardee, C. S. Dunning and William Mershon,” the last named, being the relator. The tiipe when such service was made, however, is not specified. The minutes of the meeting appointed for the hearing, on October 27,1897, set out at length a letter received by the board in opposition to the proposed discontinuance of the part of Dayton street in question and state that the relator appeared before the board and opposed the projected closing of that- portion of the street. According to the minutes, the hearing was then adjourned, but not to any specified time or place.

The next extract from the minutes which we find in the return relates to a meeting held on November 20, 1897. From this it appears that on that date the board ordered to be placed on the minutes the following entry relative to the closing of Dayton street, west of Locust place:

“ The following determination was filed with the Village Clerk, Nov. 16, ’97:
“ In the matter of the application to close that portion of Dayton St., lying west of Locust Place.
“ The hearing in this matter having been duly held at the Village Board Room, pursuant to the notice issued therein, and of the statute in such case made and provided, on the 27th day of Oct. 1897, and after due consideration and deliberation, we determine that the said petition shall be granted, and do hereby grant the same, and order that that portion of Dayton St., lying west of Locust Place, be discontinued.
“Dated at Sea Cliff, L. I., November 15th, ’97.
“(Signed) D. A. SHAW, President.
“ GEO. A. BROHWER, x
“ C. SACKETT CHELLBORG, Trustees.
“CHANCY COOMBS, J
“ Filed Nov. 16, 1897.
“(Signed) C. Sackett Chellboro, Acting Clerk.”

No further or other order or determination in the matter of the proposed discontinuance of the portion of Dayton street west of Locust place- is set out or mentioned in the return, which purports to state all of the proceedings.©! the board of trustees-in that matter.'

We agree with the learned counsel for the relator that this was not such a determination as the statute requires, and that it is to be regarded as in effect, -no determination at all. The determination purports to have been made on November 15, 1897. No meeting of the board of trustees, however, was appointed to be held or appears to have been held on that day. The clerk of each village is made by statute the clerk of the board of trustees and it is his-duty to keep a record of their proceedings. (Laws of 1897, chap. 414, § 82.) If there was a meeting at-which the alleged determina- ' tion was made, the presumption is that it would have been recorded and the record would now be before us. But no valid determination could be made except" at a meeting of the board as such. The law takes no account of what the trustees may. individually, agree upon outside. As was said in an Ohio case, where a prior .agreement of the members of a school board to award a certain contract was pronounced void: “ The board is constituted, by statute, a body politic and corporate" in law, and as such is invested with certain corporate powers, and charged with the performance of - certain public duties. These powers are to be exercised, and these duties discharged, in the mode prescribed by law. The members composing the board have no power to act as a board, excépt when together in session. They then act as a body or unit. The statute requires the clerk to record, in a book to be provided for the. purpose, all their official" proceedings. * * The public, for whom they act, have the right to-their best judgment, after free and full discussion and consultation among themselves of, and upon, the public matters intrusted to them,. ■ in the session provided .for by the statute.” (McCortle v. Bates, 29 Ohio St. 419.)

The records of the board of trustees of the village of Sea Cliff" show, not that the board, -as such, ever arrived at any determination -with reference to the discontinuance of Dayton.street, but that a-, paper was placed on the minutes purporting tó be such a determination, previously signed by the. members, at- a time when .the board was not in session- and when, no meeting thereof was held. This is-not the adjudication contemplated by the statute, and it has no-validity or force.

The action of the board in assuming to make a determination to discontinue a street under the provisions of the Village Law is judicial in its character, and is, therefore, reviewable by certiorari. (Starr v. Trustees of Rochester, 6 Wend. 864.) The proceedings under examination in the case cited were for the widening of a street in a village, and the old Supreme Court said : “ There can be no doubt that a certiorari properly lies in this case, directed to the trustees.” A proceeding to discontinue a street seems to be as judicial in its nature as a proceeding to widen one, and the section of the Village Law under which it is instituted (§ 145) classifies the laying out, altering, widening, narrowing or discontinuing of streets altogether. The statute prescribes that proceedings for any of these changes which may be proposed shall be instituted by a petition, which shall be considered at a hearing to be given by the board at a meeting of that body, which is enjoined to “ determine the matter” within a specified time. These provisions import judicial action. They deal with the exercise of a power quite different from that whereby the board of trustees of a village enacts village ordinances. The authority of the board in this respect is defined in another part of the Village Law. (§§ 89 to 93, inclusive.) It is clearly legislative, and was evidently what the Court of Appeals had in mind .in the passage quoted in the defendants’ brief from The People ex rel. Trustees of Jamaica v. Board, of Supervisors of Queens Co. (131 N. Y. 468), where Earl, Oh. J., said that if the action of the supervisors in passing an act providing for the grading, regulating and macadamizing certain streets could be reviewed by certiorari, then “ every ordinance and resolution of a village board of trustees” could be so reviewed. The court certainly did not mean by this language to deny the applicability of the writ to the review of a determination by a village board in a proceeding which is plainly of a judicial character.

But it is objected in behalf of the defendants' that the relator has not shown himself to be an aggrieved person by the determination sought to be reviewed, in such a sense as to entitle him to relief by certiorari. In his petition, the relator alleges that by the proposed discontinuance of Dayton street he is deprived of the only direct way to reach the shore of Hempstead harbor, which is but about two blocks distant from his dwelling, and that he “ is compelled to make a considerable detour to the north in order to reach the same, and by reason thereof he is put to great inconvenience, and the value of his property is materially lessened.” Assuming the truth of these statements, I.think that the relator was- an owner of land affected by the proposed discontinuance, within the meaning of section-146 of the Village Law. To bring him in the category of landowners thus affected it was not necessary that the action of the village board in deciding to close, and in closing, the street should be such as would entitle him to maintain an action for damages. It was enough that the discontinuance would work injury to him in fact, as by reducing the value of his neighboring property. This gave him the right to notice of the proceeding, which the board of trustees recognized, and this gives him the requisite status to review the board’s action by writ of certiorari.

The alleged determination of the defendants should be annulled, with costs.

All concurred; Cullen, J., in result.

Determination annulled, with ten dollars costs and disbursements.  