
    Buffalo Superior Court—Criminal Term
    November, 1894.
    PEOPLE v. JOHN K. HUBBARD.
    (63 St. Rep. 399.)
    Criminal law—Indictment—Usury.
    An indictment for usury, under section 378 of the Penal Code, must charge the usurious agreement, specifying its terms and the particular facts relied upon to bring it within the prohibitive clause of this section.
    Demurrer to an indictment for usury.
    Daniel J. Kenefick, dist. atty., for People.
    Marcy & Close, for defendant.
   HATCH, J.

The charging clause in the indictment alleges that defendant, at a time and of a person specified, “wrongfully and unlawfully did exact, take and receive * * * $3.50 in money, as interest, discount and consideration upon the loan and forbearance * * * of $33.00 in money for the period of one month, being a greater sum for the use of the money than the statute allowed.” The ground of demurrer, among others, is that the facts alleged do not constitute a crime. I think the indictment is defective in this regard. The section of the Code (Pen. Code, § 378) does not attempt to define what acts constitute usury; it simply provides that a person taking usury shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. The language is, in all essential parts, the same as the prohibitive clause of the Revised Statutes respecting rates of interest. 4 Rev. St. (8th Ed.) 2512, § 2. In order, therefore, to constitute a good plea of taking usury under this section, the allegations of the indictment must charge the usurious agreement, specifying its terms, and the particular facts relied upon to bring it within the prohibitive clause of the section. Manning v. Tyler, 21 N. Y. 567; Western Trans. & Coal Co. v. Kilderhouse, 87 id. 435. The receiving or exacting a greater rate of interest than is authorized by statute may or may not constitute the usury, dependent upon the circumstances, for, in order to constitute usury, it must appear that the exaction and reception of the additional interest was in pursuance of a mutual agreement between the parties, Morton v. Thurber, 85 N. Y. 551; People v. Wheeler, 47 Hun, 484; 14 St. Rep. 422; and this agreement must be alleged and proved. People v. Albow, 140 N. Y. 134; 55 St. Rep. 253.

The demurrer to the indictment is, therefore, allowed, and the case is directed to be resubmitted to another grand jury.  