
    COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Gordon DRIVER, Defendant-Appellant, and Axcess Automation, LLC; Axcess Fund Management, LLC, Defendants.
    No. 12-56521.
    United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
    Submitted Sept. 23, 2014.
    
    Filed Oct. 7, 2014.
    David Acevedo, Michael R. Berlowitz, Esquire, W. Derek Shakabpa, Senior Trial, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, New York, NY, Melissa Chiang, Counsel, U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, Washington, DC, Kent Kawakami, Assistant U.S., USLA-Office of the U.S. Attorney, Los Angeles, CA, for Plaintiff-Appellee.
    Gordon Driver, Henderson, NV, pro se.
    Before: W. FLETCHER, RAWLINSON, and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges.
    
      
       The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. 
        See Fed. R.App. P. 34(a)(2).
    
   MEMORANDUM

Gordon Driver appeals pro se from the district court’s judgment in an action filed by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) for violations of the Commodity Exchange Act and related regulations arising out of an alleged Ponzi scheme. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review for plain error a district court’s failure to recuse itself sua sponte pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 455. United States v. Spangle, 626 F.3d 488, 495 (9th Cir.2010). We affirm.

The district court did not commit plain error by failing to recuse itself sua sponte from hearing Driver’s requests to release previously frozen assets and the CFTC’s motion for summary judgment. See id. (setting forth plain error standard of review when a party does not seek recusal before the trial court). The isolated comments' by the district court upon which Driver relies to support his arguments do not establish the bias or partiality warranting recusal. See Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 555, 114 S.Ct. 1147, 127 L.Ed.2d 474 (1994) (“[Jjudicial remarks during the course of ... [proceedings] that are critical or disapproving of, or even hostile to, counsel, the parties, or their cases, ordinarily do not support a bias or partiality challenge.”); see also Clemens v. U.S. Dist. Court for Cent. Dist. of Cal., 428 F.3d 1175, 1178 (9th Cir.2005) (per curiam) (in analyzing § 455(a) motions; this court “employ[s] an objective test: whether a reasonable person with knowledge of all the facts would conclude the judge’s impartiality might reasonably be questioned” (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)). Moreover, “judicial rulings alone almost never constitute a valid basis for a bias or partiality motion.” Liteky, 510 U.S. at 555, 114 S.Ct. 1147.

To the extent that Driver seeks to challenge the underlying grant of summary judgment, we do not consider these arguments because they were not distinctly raised or argued in his opening brief. See Smith v. Marsh, 194 F.3d 1045, 1052 (9th Cir.1999).

AFFIRMED. 
      
       This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
     