
    UNITED STATES of America and Billy R. Majure, Revenue Agent, Internal Revenue Service, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. John E. HAYES, Defendant-Appellee.
    No. 82-8703.
    United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.
    Jan. 13, 1984.
    
      Glenn L. Archer, Jr., Asst. Atty. Gen., Tax Div., Michael L. Paup, Chief, Appellate Section, Charles E. Brookhart, William A. Whitledge, Dept, of Justice, Washington, D.C., for plaintiffs-appellants.
    John M. Sikes, Jr., Gary E. Snyder, Atlanta, Ga., for defendant-appellee.
    Before ANDERSON and CLARK, Circuit Judges, and DUMBAULD , District Judge.
    
      
       Hon. Edward Dumbauld, Sr., U.S. District Court Judge for the Western District of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
    
   PER CURIAM:

On September 10,1982, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia determined that appellee John Hayes was not in civil contempt for his failure to comply with a previous court order commanding production of certain documents requested by the Internal Revenue Service. The court’s ruling accepted Hayes’ assertion that he was unable to comply with the order because he lacked control over the material in question. We vacate the finding that he was not in contempt and remand for further proceedings.

I.

Hayes created grantor trusts for American investors. As “trustee” he would then invest the trust assets in one of several Panamanian partnerships formed to engage in commodity trading. In each case, Hayes would name Frederick Thom, a Swiss resident, to serve as managing partner of the particular partnership. Manipulation of the partnership assets would result in paper losses which could be passed through, as tax deductions, to the American investors.

The IRS, seeking disclosure of information pertinent to tax shelters sold and managed by Hayes, served him with two summonses in July, 1980. After it appeared that Hayes would not honor the summonses, the district court, on August 11, 1981, ordered him to produce the requested documents. Hayes partially complied with the order, but he did not provide information relating to the foreign partnership agreements.

Because of Hayes’ refusal to produce the partnership records, the district court, on March 12, 1982, ordered him to show cause why he should not be held in contempt of court for violating the August 11 order. At a subsequent hearing, Hayes claimed that the records were in Switzerland and that Thom, because of concern over a separate tax investigation, would not release them. He testified that he had made two trips to Switzerland to ask Thom for the documents. Stanley Smith, an attorney interested in the records for other purposes, also testified to similar problems he had encountered in communicating with Thom about their release. The IRS argued that Hayes was able to comply, but that he had failed to exercise his control over Thom, pursuant to the partnership agreement, to ensure cooperation with the court order.

By order of September 10, 1982, the trial court found that Hayes was not in contempt of court. In its findings of fact, the court held that it was “not proven that Hayes had or has any legal means of forcing Frederick Thom to produce documents .... ” It further found that the IRS had not rebutted Hayes’ claim that he had made “substantial good faith efforts” to obtain the documents. The court therefore ruled that because “the evidence indicates that [Hayes] made some effort to comply with the summons,” he could not be found in contempt. This appeal followed.

II.

A party petitioning for a civil contempt finding must prove by clear and convincing evidence that the respondent violated a court order. Northside Realty Associates v. United States, 605 F.2d 1348, 1352 (5th Cir.1979). Once a prima facie showing of violation has been made, the respondent can defend his failure on the grounds that he was unable to comply. Maggio v. Zeitz, 333 U.S. 56, 75-76, 68 S.Ct. 401, 411-412, 92 L.Ed. 476 (1948). To succeed on this defense, however, the respondent must go beyond a mere assertion of inability and satisfy his burden of production on the point by introducing evidence in support of his claim. United States v. Rylander, - U.S. -, -, 103 S.Ct. 1548, 1552, 75 L.Ed.2d 521, 528 (1983). In this circuit, a party under court order to produce documents has “a duty to make in good faith all reasonable efforts to comply.” United States v. Rizzo, 539 F.2d 458, 465 (5th Cir.1976) (quoting United States v. Ryan, 402 U.S. 530, 534, 91 5.Ct. 1580, 1582, 29 L.Ed.2d 85 (1971)). Thus, unless a respondent introduces some evidence to suggest that he has made all reasonable efforts to comply, his claimed inability to produce will not rebut the prima facie showing of non-compliance.

In this case, the IRS met its prima facie burden by showing that Hayes had not complied with the August 12,1981 order to produce. The district court, however, improperly held that Hayes could not be found guilty of contempt because “the evidence indicate[d] that he made some effort to comply with the summons.” Even if the efforts he did make were “substantial,” “diligent” or “in good faith,” as the court so characterized them in other sections of its order, the fact that he did not make “all reasonable efforts,” United States v. Rizzo, 539 F.2d at 465, establishes that Hayes did not sufficiently rebut the IRS’ prima facie showing of contempt. The court’s use of a “some effort” standard for measuring the strength of Hayes’ defense was, therefore, an abuse of discretion.

The application of an improper test was not a mere technical error under these circumstances. While Hayes may have been diligent in going to Switzerland to ask Thom for the documents, the record of the contempt hearing clearly indicates that other avenues for obtaining the material were never explored. Following Thom’s refusal, Hayes did not take any steps pursuant to the partnership agreements to either remove Thom as manager or otherwise compel disclosure. Hayes apparently did not even try to determine what legal rights he, as trustee, had against Thom under the partnership contracts, nor did he consult with an attorney about the problem. When asked if he had ever told Thom that he would take steps to see that the documents were released, Hayes emphatically replied that he had not. Hayes’ failure to do anything other than ask Thom for the records demonstrates that “all reasonable efforts” were not made. He cannot carry his burden of producing evidence to rebut the pri-ma facie showing of noncompliance merely by adducing evidence that he has requested the documents (even diligent requests involving trips to Switzerland), when it appears that he has greater leverage at his disposal.

We note generally that the obedience of judicial orders is of paramount importance and that courts do not lightly excuse a failure to comply. In the case of In re Grand Jury Proceedings. United States v. Bank of Nova Scotia, 691 F.2d 1384 (11th Cir.1982), a bank served with a subpoena duces tecum by a federal grand jury refused to produce documents, claiming that production would violate Bahamian law. This court upheld the district court’s civil contempt order, concluding that the inevitability of conflict between laws of different countries did not excuse one who chooses transnational commercial operation from compliance with United States law. Id. at 1391. Although the extent of efforts needed to comply will vary with the circumstances, see, e.g., In re Westinghouse Elec. Corp. Uranium Contracts Litigation, 563 F.2d 992, 997 (10th Cir.1977), we are satisfied that, in this case, Hayes has not adduced sufficient evidence to indicate an inability to produce the requested documents.

III.

Because the district court applied an erroneous legal standard, and because the record shows that Hayes did not make “all reasonable efforts” to obtain partnership records in the possession of Frederick Thom, we vacate the district court’s judgment and remand for further proceedings.

VACATED AND REMANDED.

DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS 727 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Second Circuit DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS Docket Title Number Abraham v. Bender.82-7712 Anselmo v. Mecca & Son Trucking Corp.82-7778 Barbarosa v. Anagel Dilgence Ship Inc.82-7755 Batista v. U.S.82-6216 Bende and Sons, Inc. v. Crown Recreation, Inc., Kiffe Products Div.82-7793 Date 2/8/83 Disposition AFFIRMED 2/18/83 AFFIRMED 2/25/83 2/28/83 Bigg v. U.S. Army.82-6158 2/18/83 Capobianco v. Brink’s Inc.82-7647 2/14/83 Christenson v. Headley.82-2289 2/18/83 Clementi v. Scully.81-2393 2/8/83 Connecticut State Employees Ass’n (CSEA) v. State of Conn.82-7801 2/10/83 Conte v.C.I.R.82-4110 2/10/83 Corbett v. M.S.P.B.81-4169 2/7/83 Desvaux v. Farrell Lines, Inc. ..82-7705 2/24/83 Diggs v. U.S.82-2296 2/10/83 Dillard v. N.Y.C. Transit Authority.82-7032 2/16/83 Dockery v. Henderson.82-2264 2/17/83 Donovan v. Carls Drug Co., Inc. 82-6270 2/22/83 Dove v. N.Y.C. Transit Authority.82-7378 2/2/83 Eng v. Coughlin.83-3005 2/2/83 Engel v. New York State Human Rights Appeal Bd.82-7571 2/24/83 Forman v. International Harvester Co.82-7414 2/8/83 Foster v. Harris.82-2298 2/17/83 General Establishment For Cereal Processing and Trade ' v. Gemini Shipping, Inc.82-7781 2/10/83 Gorjan vl U.S. Dept, of Commerce .82-6014 2/18/83 Greene v. Edwards.82-7343 2/8/83 Harris v. Quinlan.82-2282 2/17/83 Hiss v. U.S.82-6196 2/16/83 AFFIRMED AFFIRMED 2/18/83 AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED MANDAMUS DENIED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED Appeal from and Citation (if reported! D.Conn. E.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y., 548 F.Supp. 1018 E.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y., 543 F.Supp. 971 S.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. D.Conn. U.S.T.C. M.S.P.B. S.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. N.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. W.D.N.Y. N.D.N.Y. N.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y., 542 F.Supp. 973

728 722 FEDERAL REPORTER, 2d SERIES DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Docket Title Number Date Jones v. U.S.82-6215 2/22/83 Kaplan v. Ruggieri .82-7721 2/10/83 Kent v. New York City Dept, of Sanitation.82-7725 2/25/83 Lester v. Brezenoff.82-7825 2/8/83 Louis Dreyfus Corp. v. Industrie Chimiche Italia Céntrale, S.P.A.82-7745, 82-7747, 82-7749 McNamara v. Valhalla Bd. of Educ.82-7632 2/18/83 Maguire v. Trans World Airlines, Inc.82-7322 2/17/83 Mally v. Town of North Castle . 82-7281 2/25/83 Marcus v. Secretary of Health and Human Services.81-6234 2/16/83 Marshall Rattner, Inc. v. Crawford.82-7808 2/15/83 Martin v. Schweiker.82-6297 2/25/83 Mesar v. Viola.82-7497, 2/28/83 82-7499 Moss v. Pollock.82-7230 2/2/83 Nell v. Dunham.82-2038 2/22/83 N.L.R.B. v. Medical Investors Ass’n.82-4178 2/2/83 Palmer v. Schweiker.82-6261 2/4/83 Parris v. Lefevre.82-2305 2/10/83 Pecorella v. Oak Orchard Community Health Center, Inc.82-7853 Plath v. Department of Justice .82-4149 2/8/83 Redwood v. Sperry Corp.82-7474 2/16/83 Rivera v. Scully.82-2247 2/22/83 Robles, In re.83-3005, 1/27/83 83-3006 Rolex Watch U.S.A., Inc. v. H. Carzana, Inc.82-7768 2/7/83 Town of Springfield v. McCarren.82-7837 2/16/83 U.S. v. Ajami.82-1178 2/2/83 U.S. v. Bennett.82-1284 2/17/83 U.S. v. Burke.82-1204 2/22/83 Disposition REVERSED AND REMANDED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED 2/28/83 AFFIRMED AFFIRMED REVERSED AND REMANDED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED REMANDED AFFIRMED ENFORCEMENT ' GRANTED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED 2/16/80 AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED APPEAL DISMISSED MANDAMUS DENIED REMANDED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED Appeal from and Citation (if reported! S.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y., 547 F.Supp. 707 S.D.N.Y., 549 F.Supp. 570 E.D.N.Y., 548 F.Supp. 616 S.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y., 535 F.Supp. 1283 S.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. D.Vt. E.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. N.L.R.B. W.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. W.D.N.Y., 559 F.Supp. 147 M.S.P.B. N.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. W.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. D.Vt., 549 F.Supp. 1134 E.D.N.Y. N.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y.

DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued 729 Title Docket Number Date U.S. U.S. u.s. u.s. u.s. u.s. u.s. u.s. u.s. u.s. u.s. u.s. u.s. u.s. u.s. u.s. u.s. v. Caran.82-1150, 82-1152, 82-1154, 82-1156, 82-1158 v. Chessa.82-1153 v. Cobo-Moreno.82-1354 v. Cooper.82-1259 v. Cuti.82-1372 v. Frank.82-1326, 82-1328 v. Gambale.83-1063 v. Harris.82-1350, 82-1352 v. Hatziyiannakis .82-1233, 82-1329 v. Labriola.82-1292 v. Lesage .82-1298, 82-1299, 82-1300 v. Lombardi.82-1340 v. Mondry .82-1367 v. Newman.82-1273 v. Pérsico.82-1348 v. Ryan.82-1360 v.'Solano .: 82-6293 2/16/83 2/28/83 2/8/83 2/23/83 2/17/83 2/3/83 2/10/83 2/9/83 U.S. v. Staiger.82-1180 U.S. v. Thwaites Place Associates.82-6262, 82-8144 U.S. v. U.S. Currency in Sum of One Hundred Twenty-Nine Thousand Nine Hundred Dollars ($129,900.00).82-6231 U.S. v. Wilkins.82-1368 U.Si v. Winchester .82-1327, 82-1329 United Technologies Corp. v. N.L.R.B.82-4104, 82-4114, 82 — 4123 Webb v. Selkin .82-2158 Williams v. Secretary of Health and Human Services Dept, of U.S.81-6255 Williams v. U.S.82-2336, 82-8161 Wilson v. Hammock.82-2317 2/18/83 2/1/83 2/14/83 2/15/83 2/8/83 2/14/83 2/18/83 2/22/83 2/3/83 2/4/83 2/18/83 2/8/83 2/14/83 2/22/83 2/17/83 2/24/83 2/18/83 Disposition AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED REVIEW DENIED AFFIRMED 2/14/83 AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED REVERSED AND REMANDED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED ENFORCEMENT GRANTED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED 2/15/83 AFFIRMED Appeal from and Citation (if reported! N.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. N.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. W.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y., 548 F.Supp. 94 E.D.N.Y. W.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. N.L.R.B. E.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y. S.D.N.Y. E.D.N.Y.

730 722 FEDERAL REPORTER, 2d SERIES UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Third Circuit DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS Title Docket Number Date Adams v. Crompton and Knowles Corp.82-5798 9/23/83 Alternóse Const. Co. v. American Mut. Liability Ins. Co.83-1106 9/21/83 American Home Products Corp. v. API System S.A.83-5000 9/19/83 American Home Products Corp. v. Chelsea Laboratories, Inc. 82-5828, 9/29/83 83-5006 API System S.A., Appeal of .... 83-5000 9/19/83 Arnold v. Schweiker.82-5744 9/19/83 Aviation Ins. Underwriters, Inc., Appeal of...83-1054 9/15/83 Bhuvav. Kam.83-3014 9/21/83 Blattenberger v. Plan Adm’r, Non-Contributory Pension Plan for Employees of Mine Safety Appliances Co.82-5652 9/16/83 Blosenski v. Delaware County .. 82-1820 8/5/83 Brooks v. Regan .83-5004 9/27/83 Butler, Appeal of.82-1768 9/2/83 Disposition AFFIRMED AFFIRMED APPEAL DISMISSED AFFIRMED APPEAL DISMISSED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED Butler v. White.82-1768 9/2/83 AFFIRMED Carter v.U.S.83-1255 9/2/83 AFFIRMED Appeal from and Citation (if reported! D.N.J., Fisher, J. E.D.Pa., Weiner, J. D.N.J. D.N.J., 572 F.Supp. 278, Biunno, J. D.N.J. D.N.J., Biunno, J. E.D.Pa., Fullam, J. B.I.A. W.D.Pa., Teitelbaum, J. E.D.Pa., Edwin E. Naythons, Magistrate D.N.J., Fisher, J. E.D.Pa., 21 B.R. 568, Weiner, J. E.D.Pa., 21 B.R. 568, Weiner, J. E.D.Pa., VanArtsdalen, J.

DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS 731 DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Title Cassidy v. Thornburgh Docket Number Date .83-1015 9/30/83 Disposition AFFIRMED-Chelsea Laboratories, Inc., Appeal of.82-5828, 9/29/83 AFFIRMED 83-5006 Com. of Pa. v. Pennsylvania Dental Ass’n.82-3413, 10/25/83 AFFIRMED 83-3076 Connie Kalitta Services, Inc. v. Aviation Marine Services, Inc. 83-1054 Copy-Data Systems, Inc., Matter of.83-5050 DiGilio v. Thuring.82-5715 Dill v. I.N.S.82-3500 Dugan v. Department of Navy, Navy Ships Parts Control Center.83-1027 Edelcreek v. Whalen.83-5076 Edwards, Appeal of.82-5618 Edwards v. Secretary of Department of Health and Human Services of U.S.82-5618 Enstrom Helicopter Corp. v. Derion.83-5136, : 83-5137 Esbrandt v. Provident Life and Acc. Ins. Co.83-1102 9/15/83 AFFIRMED 9/15/83 9/21/83 9/29/83 9/21/83 9/22/83 9/21/83 9/21/83 9/22/83 9/20/83 Fazekasv. Schweiker.83-5017 9/22/83 Field v. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., Inc.'. Forstall, Appeal of. Forstall v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. Georgevich, Appeal of Georgevich v. Strauss. .83-1092 .83-5117 .83-5117 .83-3023 .83-3023 9/15/83 9/15/83 9/15/83 9/21/83 9/21/83 Goldman v. National Old Line Ins. Co. .83-5141 9/27/83 AFFIRMED AFFIRMED REMANDED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED APPEAL DISMISSED APPEAL DISMISSED AFFIRMED Appeal from and Citation (if reported! E.D.Pa., Shapiro, J. D.N.J., 572 F.Supp. 278, Biunno, J. M.D.Pa., 574 F.Supp. 457, Caldwell, J. E.D.Pa., Fullam, J. D.N.J., Fisher, J. D.N.J., Meanor, J. B.I.A. E.D.Pa., Giles, J. D.N.J., Sarokin, J. D.N.J., Lacey, J. D.N.J., Lacey, J. W.D.Pa., Willson, J. E.D.Pa., 559 F.Supp. 23, Green, J. D.N.J., Biunno, J. E.D.Pa., Newcomer, J. W.D.Pa., Mencer, J. W.D.Pa., Mencer, J. M.D.Pa., 96 F.R.D. 192 M.D.Pa., 96 F.R.D. 192 D.N.J., Debevoise, J.

732 722 FEDERAL REPORTER, 2d SERIES DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Title Docket Number Date Goodson v. Schweiker.83-5019 9/23/83 Hatami v. O’Lone .82-5449 9/12/83 Holman v. Schweiker.83-5009 9/23/83 Howard, Appeal of.83-5057 9/27/83 Hudson Troy Towers Associates, Ltd., Appeal of .. .83-5015, 9/27/83 83-5051 Hunlock Sand & Gravel Co. v. Fruehauf Corp.82-3578 Interstate and Ocean Transport Co., Appeal of .83-1018 Johnson v. Schweiker.83-5058 Jones, Appeal of.82-5807 Jones, Appeal of.83-1007 Jones v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co.82-5807 Katsiotis, Appeal of.82-1468 Kay-Fries, Inc. v. N.L.R.B.82-3582 Keller v. Taylor.82-1712 Kellner v. Aetna Cas. and Sur. Co.82-3592 Khoudary v. U.S. Dept, of Housing and Urban Development.83-5171 King, Appeal of.83-1126 Kordilla, Appeal of.82-3577, 82-3591 Levicoff v. General Motors Corp.82-5710 9/30/83 9/23/83 9/19/83 9/30/83 9/19/83 9/21/83 9/27/83 9/16/83 9/8/83 9/19/83 9/20/83 9/30/83 Disposition AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED 9/26/83 AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED ORDER ENFORCED AFFIRMED REMANDED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED 9/27/83 AFFIRMED Lopez v. Consolidated Rail Corp.82-5639 9/27/83 AFFIRMED McCaskill v. U.S.A.83-3144 9/2/83 AFFIRMED McDermott v. Russell.82-1681 9/13/83 AFFIRMED Appeal from and Citation (if reported') D.N.J., Stern, J. D.N.J., Gerry, J. D.N.J., Lacey, J. W.D.Pa., Diamond, J. D.N.J., 542 F.Supp. 853, 94 F.R.D. 37, Fisher, J. M.D.Pa., Nealon, J. E.D.Pa., Shapiro, J. D.N.J., Biunno, J. D.N.J., Cohen, J. E.D.Pa., Huyett, J. D.N.J., Cohen, J. E.D.Pa., Weiner, J. N.L.R.B. E.D.Pa., Fullam, J. M.D.Pa. D.N.J., Thompson, J. E.D.Pa., Fullam, J. M.D.Pa., Muir, J. W.D.Pa., 551 F.Supp. 98, Mansmann, J. D.N.J., Sarokin, J. M.D.Pa., Muir, J. E.D.Pa., 523 F.Supp. 347, Green, J.

DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS 733 DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Appeal from Docket and Citation Title Number Date Disposition (if reported) Martin v. AFL CIO Local 3355 .. 82-5774 9/2/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Debevoise, J. Maylie v. National Passenger R. Corp.83-1412 9/15/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Poliak, J. Mazzara,.Appeal of.82-5746, 9/23/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., 83-5034 530 F.Supp. 1380, Sarpkin, J. Metz v. Enstrom Helicopter Corp.83-5136, 9/22/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Pa., 83-5137 Willson, J. Millcreek Tp. v. Enstrom Helicopter Corp.83-5136, 9/22/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Pa., 83-5137 Willson, J. Miller v. United Airlines.83-1153 9/21/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Lord, J. Moschas, Appeal of.82-1466 9/21/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Weiner, J. Moscholeas, Appeal of.82-1467 9/21/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Weiner, J. Mountainside Butter & Egg Co., In re.'.82-5788 9/20/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Fisher, J. Mount Ary Lodge, Inc. v. Upjohn Co.82-1810 9/22/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Poliak, J. Murray v. Schweiker .83-5020 9/21/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Stern, J. Nation/Ruskin, Inc., In re.83-1195 9/21/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Poliak, J. Nesbitt Corp., Matter of.83-5199 9/27/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Pa., Mencer, J. Nesbitt Corp. v. Powertherm, Inc.83-5199 9/27/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Pa., Mencer, J. Nobers v. Crucible Inc.83-5005 9/21/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Pa., Ziegler, J. Oil, Chemical And Atomic Workers International Union, AFL-CIO, Appeal of.82-5798 9/23/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Fisher, J. Oliver v. Heckler.82-5673 9/30/83 REMANDED D.N.J. Pennsylvania Dental Ass’n, Appeal of.82-3413, 10/25/83 AFFIRMED M.D.Pa., 83-3076 574 F.Supp. 457 Caldwell, J. Pennsylvania Dental Ass’n (P.D.A.), Appeal of.82-3413, 10/25/83 AFFIRMED M.D.Pa., 83-3076 574 F.Supp. 457, Caldwell, J. Pennsylvania Dental Ass’n v. Com. of Pa.82-3413, 10/25/83 AFFIRMED M.D.Pa., 83-3076 574 F.Supp. 457, Caldwell, J. 722 F.2d — 18

734 722 FEDERAL REPORTER, 2d SERIES DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Title Docket Number Date Disposition Pennsylvania Dental Ass’n v. Medical Service Ass’n of Pennsylvania.82-3413, 10/25/83 AFFIRMED 83-3076 Perry v. Howard.83-5057 9/27/83 Port Norris. Exp. Co., Inc. v. I.C.C.83-3028 9/30/83 Port Norris Exp. Co., Inc. v. I.C.C.83-3064 10/25/83 Powertherm, Inc., Appeal of ...83-5199 9/27/83 Powertherm, Inc. v. International Tel. and Tel. Corp.83-5199 9/27/83 Ricciardi v. Harris.83-5014 9/23/83 Rodziewicz v. Depaolis.82-5776 9/2/83 Rother v. Interstate Marine Transport Co.83-1018 9/30/83 Ruttkowski v. Loeb Rhoades, Hornblower & Co.82-5564 9/20/83 Safeguard Business Systems, Inc. v. Aangs Co., Inc.83-1158 9/21/83 Sahara-Reno Corp. v. N.L.R.B. 82-3381 9/15/83 Santamaría v. U.S.I.N.S.83-3092 9/30/83 Schiavone v. Schweiker.83-1105 9/14/83 Schwartz & Sachs, P.C., Appeal of.83-1195 9/21/83 Scranton Lackawanna Indus. Bldg. Co. v. Guerdon Industries, Inc.83-3130 9/30/83 Shishko, Appeal of.83-1058, 9/21/83 83-1154, 83-1155 Shishko v. State Farm Ins. Co. 83-1058, 9/21/83 83-1154, 83-1155 AFFIRMED PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED ORDER ENFORCED PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED Appeal from and Citation (if reported! M.D.Pa., 574 F.Supp. 457 Caldwell, J. W.D.Pa., Diamond, J. I.C.C. I.C.C. W.D.Pa., Mencer, J. W.D.Pa., Mencer, J. D.N.J., Ackerman, J. D.N.J., Thompson, J. E.D.Pa., Shapiro, J. D.N.J., Sarokin, J. E.D.Pa., Lord, J. N.L.R.B. B.I.A. E.D.Pa., Mac Troutman, J. E.D.Pa., Poliak, J. M.D.Pa., Conaboy, J. E.D.Pa., 553 F.Supp. 308, Lord, J. E.D.Pa., 553 F.Supp. 308, Lord, J.

DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS 735 . DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Appeal from Docket and Citation Title Number Date Disposition {if reported! Stanley v. Williams_:.83-1078 9/19/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Fullam, J. Toshiba America, Inc. v. Copy-Data Systems, Inc.83-5050 9/15/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Fisher, J. Troy Towers Tenants Ass’n v. Botti .83-5015, 9/27/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., 83-5051 542 F.Supp. 853, 94 F.R.D. 37, Fisher, J. U.S. v. Beckett.83-1131 9/30/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., McGlynn, J. U.S. v. Bigge .83-5189 9/27/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Pa., Cohill, J. U.S. v. Botti.83-5081 9/22/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Meanor, J. U.S. v. Cicconi.83-1088 9/20/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., McGlynn, J. U.S. v. Clark.83-5379 9/2/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Pa., Cohill, J. U.S. v. Connelly.83-5198 9/27/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Pa., Mencer, J. U.S. v. D’Agostino.83-5029 9/27/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Meanor, J. U.S. v. Del Toro.82-5680 9/20/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Debevoise, J. U.S. v. Duarte.82-5786 9/23/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Debevoise, J. U.S. v. Estopinan.83-5023 9/20/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Debevoise, J. U.S. v. Felder.83-1142 9/30/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., 572 F.Supp. 17, Hannum, J. U.S. v. Hernandez.83-5111 9/21/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Debevoise, J. U.S. v. Jones .83-1007 9/30/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Huyett, J. U.S. v. Jones .83-3060 9/15/83 AFFIRMED M.D.Pa., Nealon, J. U.S. v. Jones Truck Sales.83-1123 9/30/83 APPEAL E.D.Pa. DISMISSED U.S. v. Katsiotis.82-1468 9/21/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., ' Weiner, J. U.S. v. King.83-1126 9/20/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Fullam, J. U.S. v. Kupets.82-5690 9/23/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Fisher, J. U.S. v. Lester.82-1400 9/21/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Ditter, J. U.S. v. Lit.82-5720 9/13/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., ~ Brotman, J. U.S. v. McGoy.83-3058 9/15/83 AFFIRMED M.D.Pa., Nealon, J. U.S. v. McQuilkin.83-1180 9/20/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Bechtle, J.

736 722 FEDERAL REPORTER, 2d SERIES DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Appeal from Docket and Citation Title Number Date Disposition (if reported! U.S. v. Mazzara.82-5746, 9/23/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., 83-5034 530 F.Supp. 1380, Sarokin, J. U.S. v. Moore.83-3086 9/15/83 AFFIRMED M.D.Pa., Nealon, J. U.S. v. Moschas.82-1466 9/21/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Weiner, J. U.S. v. Moscholeas.82-1467 9/21/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Weiner, J. U.S. v. Norwood.82-1790 9/21/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Newcomer, J. U.S. v. Pyle.83-1179 9/20/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., 518 F.Supp. 139, Bechtle, J. U.S. v. Renda.83-3172 9/27/83 AFFIRMED M.D.Pa., Caldwell, J. U.S. v. Russo.82-5718 9/30/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., 550 F.Supp. 1315, Sarokin, J. U.S. v. Smith.83-5516 9/9/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Ackerman, J. U.S. v. Sordo.83-5110 9/21/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Debevoise, J. U.S. v. Stewart .82-3485 9/21/83 AFFIRMED M.D.Pa., Caldwell, J. U.S. v. Whalin.83-1181 9/20/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Bechtle, J. U.S. v. Williams.82-1517 9/15/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Green, J. U.S. v. Williams.83-1100 9/15/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Hannum, J. U.S. Steel Corp. v. Payne.83-3043 9/21/83 PETITION FOR Ben.Rev.Bd. REVIEW DENIED Velardo v. Com. of Pa.82 — 3577, 9/30/83 AFFIRMED M.D.Pa., 82-3591 Muir, J. Wegel v. Superior CATV Installers, Inc.82-5807 9/19/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., Cohen, J. Williams, Appeal of.82-1517 9/15/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Green, J. Williams, Appeal of.83-1100 9/15/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., Hannum, J. Wilson, Appeal of.82-1760 9/30/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., 541 F.Supp. 818, Poliak, J. Wilson v. Patton.82-1760 9/30/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Pa., 541 F.Supp. 818, Poliak, J. Zenith Laboratories, Inc., Appeal of.82-5828, 9/29/83 AFFIRMED D.N.J., 83-5006 572 F.Supp. 278, Biunno, J.

DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS 737 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Fourth Circuit DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS Appeal from Docket ■ and Citation Title Number Date Disposition (if reported) Anderson v. Morris.81-6842 10/19/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Va. Atherton v. Circuit Court of Loudoun County.82-1075 11/10/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Va. Benford v. Gardner.83-1807 11/17/83 DISMISSED D.Md. Birchfield v. Forester.82-6790 11/18/83 AFFIRMED W.D.N.C. Boone v. McMillian.83-6413 11/4/83 AFFIRMED E.D.N.C. Bristow v. General Elec. Co. ...81-1457 10/11/83 AFFIRMED D.S.C. Broughton v. Boxley.83-1515 10/18/83 AFFIRMED E.D.N.C. Brower v. Easy Livin’ Homes, Inc.83-1126 10/20/83 REMANDED W.D.Va. Bryson v. Macfield Texturing, Inc.82-1955 11/18/83 AFFIRMED M.D.N.C. Butcher v. Brown.82-2157 10/19/83 REVERSED AND D.S.C. REMANDED Carroll v. Virginia Dept, of Corrections.83-6262 11/4/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Va. Carter v. Fair.81-1842 11/8/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Va. Chandler v. Schweiker.82-1950 10/20/83 REVERSED W.D.Va. Cherry v. Procunier.83-6430 10/18/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Va. Clark v. Schmidt.83-6253 10/14/83 AFFIRMED D.Md. Cobb v. Norfolk and Western Railwayed..83-1077 11/8/83 AFFIRMED S.D.W.Va. Dostert v. Neely.82-1743 11/18/83 DISMISSED S.D.W.Va., 537 F.Supp. 912 Drake v. Dale.83-8033 11/4/83 CPC S.D.W.Va. DENIED-DISMISSED Dumas v. Garrison.83-8078 11/18/83 CPC E.D.N.C. DENIED-DIS- , MISSED Edwards v. Mitchell.83-6467 10/21/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Va. Feller v.U.S.83-1378 11/8/83 AFFIRMED N.D.W.Va., 543 F.Supp. 1064 Ferdinando v. Lefevre.82-8222 11/18/83 CPC E.D.N.C. DENIED-DISMISSED Gaeta v. Union Home Loan Corp.83-1178 11/17/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Va. Gibbs v. Antioch University_81-2156 11/1/83 DISMISSED D.Md. Gibson v. Bordenkircher.83-8186 11/10/83 CPC S.D.W.Va. DENIED-DISMISSED Greene v. Carlson.83-6073 10/18/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Va. Holley v. Schweiker.82-1029 11/17/83 VACATED AND W.D.Va. REMANDED

738 722 FEDERAL REPORTER, 2d SERIES DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Docket Number Date Title Hood v. U.S. Parole Com’n.82-6269 11/10/83 Horton v. Bordenkircher .83-8106 10/17/83 Howell v. Appling.83-1691 11/10/83 Istituto Mobiliare Italiano v. Nereide Societa di Navigazione Per Azioni.83-1605 Johnson v. State of North Carolina .83-8162 11/17/83 Jones v. Com. of Va.83-6225 11/3/83 Karnes v. Garraghty.83-8099 11/15/83 Large v. Bucyrus-Erie Co.82-1383 Lee v. Com. of Virginia.82-6519 McLaughlin v. Warden, Maryland House of Correction 83-8120 Mauldin v. Leeke.83-8108 10/20/83 Mills v. Dorsey.83-6470 10/18/83 Mitchell v. Dudley.83-6494 11/15/83 Mitchell v. Hutto.83-8050 11/18/83 Mitchell v. Morris.82-6693 10/21/83 Moore v. Wells .83-6360 11/15/83 Moore v. Willis .83-6513 11/18/83 Moore, Co. Inc. v. N.L.R.B.82-1928 11/14/83 Murphy v. State of North Carolina .83-8023 11/9/83 Nelson v. Members of the South Carolina Probation, Parole and Pardon Bd.83-6187 11/15/83 Perkins v. TV WBAL .83-1690 11/2/83 Porter v. Garrison.83-6141 10/18/83 Remisv. Ross .83-6348 10/18/83 Rice v. Laws.83-6285 10/14/83 Rocque v. Lee .83-1468 10/19/83 Scott v. Anderson.83-1130 11/3/83 Six Industries, Inc. v. Princeton Towers Associates, Ltd.83-1104 11/14/83 Smith v. Griffin.83-6382 11/15/83 Disposition AFFIRMED CPC DENIED-DISMISSED DISMISSED 9/14/83 DISMISSED CPC DENIED-DISMISSED AFFIRMED CPC DENIED-DISMISSED AFFIRMED DISMISSED CPC DENIED-DISMISSED CPC DENIED-DISMISSED REMANDED AFFIRMED CPC DENIED-DISMISSED DISMISSED AFFIRMED IFP DENIED-DISMISSED ENFORCEMENT DENIED CPC DENIED-DISMISSED 10/12/83 10/14/83 11/15/83 AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED VACATED AND REMANDED Appeal from and Citation (if reported) E.D.Va. N.D.W.Va. D.Md. E.D.Va. W.D.N.C. E.D.Va. E.D.Va. E.D.Va. E.D.Va. D.Md. D.S.C. N.D.W.Va. E.D.N.C. E.D.Va. E.D.Va. E.D.Va. E.D.Va. N.L.R.B. W.D.N.C. D.S.C. D.Md. E.D.N.C. W.D.Va. W.D.N.C. E.D.Va. W.D.Va. S.D.W.Va. M.D.N.C.

DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS 739 DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Docket Title Number Date Tillman v. Atwood.83-6386 11/10/83 Townsend v. Stephenson.83-8123 11/9/83 U.S. v. Burch.82-6811 10/19/83 U.S. v. Byron.83-505$ 10/20/83 U.S. v. Caron.83-5056 11/10/83 U.S. v. Chinchello.83-6398 10/17/83 U.S. v. Elliott.83-1309 11/8/83 U.S. v. Michener.83-6158 11/15/83 U.S. v. Nimmons.83-5048 10/20/83 U.S. v. Nixon.82-6417 10/14/83 U.S. v. One 1978 Lincoln, Four-Door Sedan, Vehicle Identification Number F8Y82A836513F, Its Tools and Appurtenances.83-1309 11/8/83 U.S. v. Russell.83-5059 10/20/83 U.S. v. Sowemimo.82-5348 10/21/83 U.S. v. Stapf.83-5004 11/10/83 U.S. v. Stevenson .83-5005 11/10/83 U.S. v. Stewart .82-5170 11/14/83 U.S. v. 30.60 acres of land, more or less situate in Brunswick County .82-1648 10/20/83 U.S. v. Thompson.83-5049 10/20/83 Watkins v. Garrison.83-6336 10/26/83 White v. Broughton.83-6183 11/4/83 Wilder v. Allsbrook.83-8177 11/18/83 Williams v. United Motors, Inc. 82-1735, 11/14/83 82-1780 Williams v. Wagoner.83-6385 10/21/83 Winkley v. Galley.83-6462 10/18/83 Disposition AFFIRMED CPC DENIED-DISMISSED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED . AFFIRMED AFFIRMED VACATED & REMANDED AFFIRMED CPC DENIED-DISMISSED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED Appeal from and Citation (if reported’) E.D.Va. E.D.N.C. D.S.C. E.D.Va. E.D.Va., 551 F.Supp. 662 E.D.Va. M.D.N.C. D.Md. E.D.Va. N.D.W.Va. M.D.N.C. E.D.Va. E.D.Va. D.Md. D.Md. D.S.C. E.D.N.C. E.D.Va. E.D.N.C. E.D.N.C. E.D.N.C. D.S.C. E.D.Va. D.Md.

740 722 FEDERAL REPORTER, 2d SERIES UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS SIXTH CIRCUIT DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS Title Docket Number Date Disposition AFFIRMED AFFIRMED Anderson v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.81-3577 10/3/83 Associates Commercial Corp. v. Underwriter at Lloyds of London.82-5545, 10/28/83 82-5546 Averill v. Leech.83-1159 10/10/83 APPEAL DISMISSED Bower v. Schweiker.83-3006 10/28/83 APPEAL DISMISSED Bowers v. Secretary of Health and Human Services.82-1731 10/5/83 Bradley v. Young.83-5294 10/4/83 Appeal from and Citation (if reported! N.D.Ky. E.D.Tenn. E.D.Mich. N.D.Ohio E.D.Mich. AFFIRMED VACATED AND W.D.Tenn. REMANDED Broome v. American Nat. Bank and Trust Co. of Chattanooga 82-5444 10/3/83 AFFIRMED Carpenter v. Lothshuetz.83-3320 10/13/83 APPEAL DISMISSED Cincinnati Bell Inc. v. F.C.C. ...81-3723 10/28/83 PETITION FOR REVIEW DISMISSED Cox v. Indiana & Michigan Elec. Co.82-3643 10/28/83 AFFIRMED Cromley v. Copperweld Specialty Steel Co.83-3323 10/13/83 APPEAL DISMISSED Cunningham v. Foltz.83-1312 10/13/83 AFFIRMED E.E.O.C. v. Comprehensive Health Planning Council of Southeastern Michigan.82-1368 10/12/83 AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART AND REMANDED Ethington v. Secretary of Health and Human Services.83-1551 10/28/83 APPEAL Fann v. Davis.82-5655 10/31/83 Fisher v. Liberty Loan Corp. .. . 81-3391 10/7/83 DISMISSED AFFIRMED E.D.Tenn. N.D.Ohio F.C.C. S.D.Ohio N.D.Ohio E.D.Mich. E.D.Mich. W.D.Mich. E.D.Tenn. REVERSED AND N.D.Ohio, 11 B.R. VACATED 716 Francis v.U.S.83-5261 10/14/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Ky. Frazier v. Davis.82-5688 10/27/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Tenn. Gargallo v. Franklin County Court of Common Pleas, Div. of Domestic Relations.82-3453 10/20/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Ohio

DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS 741 DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Appeal from Docket and Citation Title Number Date Disposition (if reported! Gargallo v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner, and Smith, Inc.82-3345 10/7/83 APPEAL S.D.Ohio DISMISSED Garland v. Rose.82-5680 10/27/83 AFFIRMED M.D.Tenn. Gates v.U.S.83-3150 10/10/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Ohio Gray v. Office of Public Defender of Shelby County .. 81-5910 10/28/83 VACATED AND W.D.Tenn. REMANDED Greer v. Secretary of Health and Human ¡Services.82-1461 10/10/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Mich. Hadley v. Koehler.83-1410 10/17/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Mich. Hadley v.Marinello.82-1718 10/10/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Mich. Hampton v. McFaul .83-3343 10/20/83 AFFIRMED N.D.Ohio Hatzer v. Schweiker.82-3734 10/28/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Ohio Hayes v. Secretary of Health and Human Services.82-1695 10/28/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Mich. Indiana & Michigan Elec. Co. v. Tickle .82-3643 10/28/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Ohio Jamigan v. Teamsters Local Union No. 519 . 82-5486 10/11/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Tenn., 548 F.Supp. 25 Jensén v. Secretary of Health and Human Services.82-1809 10/18/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Mich. Johnson v. Sangore.82-5730 10/31/83 VACATED AND E.D.Tenn. REMANDED Johnston v. Dowling.83-1526 10/12/83 APPEAL E.D.Mich. DISMISSED Jones by Jones v. Thompson ... 83-1266 10/12/83 APPEAL E.D.Mich. DISMISSED Koonce v. Fun Dimensions _82-3798 10/7/83 APPEAL N.D.Ohio DISMISSED Lee v. Stout.82-5400, 10/31/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Tenn. 82-5401 Levy v. Department of Justice, I.N.S.82-3408 10/31/83 AFFIRMED M.S.P.B. Lindsey v. Jago.83-3245 10/10/83 AFFIRMED .N.D.Ohio Lindsey v. Kent County Jail_83-1323 10/12/83 APPEAL W.D.Mich. DISMISSED McClendon v. Brunswick.83-3308 10/28/83 APPEAL S.D.Ohio DISMISSED McClendon v. Niemeyer.83-3141 10/20/83 AFFIRMED N.D.Ohio McDonald v.'Humphries.83-5225 10/17/83 AFFIRMED M.D.Tenn. Marks v. Rees.83-5377 10/5/83 APPEAL E.D.Ky. DISMISSED Martin v.U.S. Postal Service... 82-1444 10/31/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Mich. Mattingly v. Director, Office of Worker’s Compensation Programs .83-3172 10/7/83 DISMISSED Ben.Rev.Bd. Mercer v. Secretary of Health and Human Services.82-1679 10/28/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Mich. Mills v. Secretary of Health and Human Services.82-5651 10/31/83 REVERSED E.D.Ky. Myers v. Matthews.82-5738 10/5/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Ky.

742 722 FEDERAL REPORTER, 2d SERIES DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Appeal from Docket and Citation Title Number Date Disposition (if reported) Nickerson v. Loha.83-3344 10/5/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Ohio Northcross v. Board of Educ. of Memphis City Schools .82-5302 10/3/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Tenn. North River Ins. Co. v. Federal’s, Inc.82-1920 10/24/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Mich. Oatley v. Sheeter.82-3439 10/11/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Ohio O’Brien v.U.S.83-1280 10/18/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Mich. O’Connor v. Prins.83-1177 10/17/83 APPEAL E.D.Ky. DISMISSED Post-Newsweek Stations, Michigan, Inc., In re .83-1694 10/14/83 MANDAMUS DENIED Pruitt v. Hupp.82-5523 10/17/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Ky. Rebracca v. Secretary of Health, Educ. and Welfare.80-3442 10/25/83 REMANDED N.D.Ohio Robertson v. Jeffboat, Inc.80-3136 10/25/83 JUDGMENT W.D.Ky., 651 F.2d REINSTATED 434 Rosenberg v. Director, U.S. Parole Com’n.83-5177 10/4/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Ky. Sanders v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co.82-5508 10/3/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Ky. Scott v. Secretary of Health and Human Services.82-1844 10/12/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Mich. Smith v. Krupansky.82-3368 10/14/83 AFFIRMED N.D.Ohio Smith v. Shriver .83-5069 10/7/83 AFFIRMED M.D.Tenn. Smith v. Wilson.83-5362 10/10/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Ky. Smith v. Wolfe.83-3501 10/13/83 APPEAL M.D.Tenn. DISMISSED Spencer, In re .83-8052 10/12/83 PROHIBITION E.D.Mich. DENIED Spencer v. Johnson.83-1229 10/12/83 APPEAL W.D.Mich. DISMISSED Spencer v. O’Brien .83-1275 10/12/83 APPEAL E.D.Mich. DISMISSED Spiers v.U.S.83-5364 10/27/83 AFFIRMED M.D.Tenn. Sproat v. Lezak.82-3388, 10/25/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Ohio 82-3447 Stahl v. Shoemaker.83-3046 10/12/83 AFFIRMED N.D.Ohio Stewart v. Connor.83-3298 10/5/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Ohio Stratford v. State-House, Inc. ..82-5519 10/27/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Mich. Szymanski v. Buchin .83-1335 10/10/83 VACATED AND E.D.Mich. REMANDED Thorp Discount Inc. of Ohio v. Dulaney.81-3391 10/7/83 REVERSED AND N.D.Ohio, 11 B.R. VACATED 716 Turner v. Schweiker.82-3694 10/31/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Ohio U.S. v. Beach.82-5698 10/27/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Tenn. U.S. v. Bruton.82-1978 10/3/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Mich. U.S. v. Curry.83-5151 10/27/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Ky. U.S. v. Durfee .83-1224, 10/12/83 APPEAL W.D.Mich. 83-1433 DISMISSED U.S. v. Hall.83-5178 10/31/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Ky. U.S. v. Hardy.83-1124 10/19/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Mich.

DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS 743 DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Appeal from Docket and Citation Title Number Date Disposition (if reported') U.S.v. Hines.81-1619 10/4/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Mich., 546 F.Supp. 611 U.S. v. Maxin.82-3540 10/20/83 AFFIRMED N.D.Ohio U.S. v. Mitchell.83-1026 10/28/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Mich. U.S. v. Oxford Sav. Bank.83-1193 10/28/83 DISMISSED AND E.D.Mich. REMANDED U.S. v. Pinciaro.82-3812 10/7/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Ohio U.S. v. Sowards.83-5122 10/3/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Ky. U.S.v. Teague.82-1535, 10/28/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Mich. 82-1536, 82-1599 U.S. Fidelity and Trust Co. v. Safeco Ins. Co.82-5264 10/31/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Tenn. U.S. Steel Corp., Polyester Unit — U.S.S. Chemicals Div. v. Raymond Chemical Co.83-3404 10/28/83 DISMISSED W.D.Ohio Walker v. Ohio Bureau of Employment Services.83-3412 10/13/83 APPEAL N.D.Ohio DISMISSED Webster v. Rees.83-5241 10/31/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Ky. Wilson v. Doe .83-3241 10/13/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Ohio Wilson v. Shoemaker.83-3475 10/13/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Ohio Wilson v. Tate.83-3397 10/10/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Ohio Wooten by Wooten v. U.S.82-5537 10/31/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Tenn., 574 F.Supp. 200 Yates v.Rodak .83-5353 10/12/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Ky. Yates v. U.S.82-5308 10/31/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Ky.

744 722 FEDERAL REPORTER, 2d SERIES UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Ninth Circuit DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS Docket Title Number Date Agosto v. State of Nevada.79-3621 11/14/83 Air Line Pilots Ass’n, Intern, v. Western Air Lines, Inc.80-4043 7/15/83 Alexander v. Los Angeles County .82-6026 11/3/83 Alldrin v. Leasco Capital Equipment Corp.81-4516, 10/31/83 81-4517, 81-4518, 81-4519, 81-4552, 81-4600 Alldrin v. Security Pacific Nat. Bank.81-4515, 81-4516, 81-4517, 81-4518, 81-4519, 81-4552, 81-4600 Alldrin v. Temp.81 — 4515, 81-4516, 81-4517, 81-4518, 81-4519, 81-4552, 81-4600 American Television Syndication, Inc. v. 515157 Ontario, Ltd.83-5794 11/21/83 Ash v. Orbit Valve Co.82-3426 10/18/83 Austin v. City of Sparks.83-1562 11/14/83 Bachtel v. Mammoth Bulk Carriers, Ltd.82-3259 10/24/83 Barnard Industries, Inc. v. Morris.82-3623 10/24/83 Bhakta v. I.N.S.83-7116 11/14/83 Borja v. I.N.S.83-7148 11/21/83 Chilson v. Bunker Hill Co.82-3650 11/7/83 Cochran v. Gorsuch.82-7372 10/26/83 Appeal from and Citation Disposition (if reported) DISMISSED AND D.Nev. REMANDED AFFIRMED N.D.Cal. AFFIRMED C.D.Cal. AFFIRMED N.D.Cal. 10/31/83 AFFIRMED 10/31/83 AFFIRMED N.D.Cal. N.D.Cal. AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED REVERSED REVERSED AND REMANDED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED REVERSED AND REMANDED PETITION FOR REVIEW DISMISSED; WRIT DENIED C.D.Cal. E.D.Wash. D.Nev. W.D.Wash. D.Or. B.I.A. B.I.A. D.Idaho E.P.A.

DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS 745 DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Title Docket Number Cochrane v. Three Sisters Ranch Enterprises.82 — 4066 Conde-Cruz v. I.N.S.82-7619 DNJ, Inc. v. Jarvis.83-1666 E.E.O.C. v. Stater Bros. Markets 82-5507 Eric Ross & Co., Inc., In re.83-5635 Eric Ross & Co., Inc. v. Klein... 83-5635 Featherstone v. Insurance Co. of North America.83-1687 Fort v. Henry. General Monitors, Inc. v. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Gift Creations, Inc. v. Pinnacle Designs. Great Pacific Shipping Co., In re Complaint of. Guam Economic Development Authority v. Mailloux. Guam Economic Development Authority v. Spero. Harris v. Lezak. Haygood v. Deukmejian. Hickman v. Goodwill Industries of Orange County . Hock v. Gella. Huerta-Rico v. I.N.S. 82-3630 81-5687 82-6110 82-4602 83-1814, 83-1763 83-1814, 83-1763 82-3566 81^312 81-5488 82^618 82-7430 Date 11/4/83 10/24/83 11/14/83 10/20/83 11/7/83 11/7/83 11/7/83 11/18/83 11/4/83 11/14/83 10/19/83 11/17/83 Hunt v. Commission of Internal Revenue .82-7641 Intermountain Block and Pipe Corp. v. U.S. Dept, of Interior 82-3223 Jarvis v. Desert Sun Hotel, Inc. . 83-666 Jones v. U.S. Postal Systems .. .82-7355 Jung Hyun Sook v. Great Pacific Shipping Co.82-4602 Landmark Ins. Co. v. Air Florida82-6096 LeBrun v. Sheppard.80-3261 Liska v. Arizona Dept, of Corrections.83-1809 Macalinao v. I.N.S.83-7143 McRoriev. Shimoda.81 — 4619, 82-4368, 82-4539, 82-4542 McRorie v. Sunn.81-4619, 82-4368, 82-4539, 82 — 4542 Disposition AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED REVERSED AND REMANDED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED 11/17/83 AFFIRMED 11/25/83 10/24/83 10/27/83 11/23/83 10/27/83 11/10/83 10/26/83 11/14/83 10/14/83 10/19/83 11/14/83 11/16/83 11/10/83 11/4/83 11/18/83 11/18/83 AFFIRMED AFFIRMED Appeal from and Citation (if reported! N.D.Cal. B.I.A. Bkrtcy.App. 9 C.D.Cal. Bkrtcy.App. 9 Bkrtcy.App. 9 N.D.Cal. E.D.Wash. C.D.Cal. C.D.Cal. N.D.Cal. D.Guam D.Guam D.Or. E.D.Cal. AFFIRMED S.D.Cal. AFFIRMED D.Hawaii REVERSED AND B.I.A. REMANDED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED IN PART AND REMANDED IN PART AFFIRMED REMANDED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED U.S.T.C. D.Idaho Bkrtcy.App. 9 M.S.P.B. N.D.Cal. C.D.Cal. D.Or. REVERSED D.Ariz. AFFIRMED B.I.A. REVERSED AND D.Hawaii REMANDED REVERSED AND D.Hawaii REMANDED

746 722 FEDERAL REPORTER, 2d SERIES DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Docket Title Number Magnisea Fisheries, Inc. v. Oregon Oyster Co.82-6010 Mata-Mendez v. I.N.S.82-7644 Matteson v. Cupp.83-3575 Melbostad v. Security Pacific Nat. Bank.81-4515, 81-4516, 81-4517, 814Í518, 81-4519, 81 — 4552, 81-4600 Meredith v. Raines.83-1547 Mills v. Rushen.83-1544 Mister Midwife v. California Court of Appeal.82-5733 Nathan v. Dowdle.83-1504 N.L.R.B. v. Channel Islands Development Corp.82-7304 Navarro v. Delco Electronics ... 83-5593 Neuro Affiliates v. N.L.R.B.82-7507, 82-7631 Nichols v. Pierce.82-4674 Otero-Mosqueda v. I.N.S.82-7637 Packerland Packing Co., Inc. v. Griffith Brokerage Co.82-5885, 82-5895 Appeal from and Citation Date Disposition (if reported! 11/10/83 VACATED AND C.D.Cal. DISMISSED 10/25/83 AFFIRMED B.I.A. 11/7/83 AFFIRMED D.Or. 10/31/83 AFFIRMED N.D.Cal. 9/1/83 AFFIRMED D.Ariz. 11/7/83 AFFIRMED N.D.Cal. 11/4/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Cal. 11/7/83 AFFIRMED D.Ariz. 11/14/83 ORDER N.L.R.B. ENFORCED 11/14/83 AFFIRMED C.D.Cal. 11/4/83 ORDER N.L.R.B. ENFORCED 11/17/83 AFFIRMED N.D.Cal. 10/17/83 AFFIRMED B.I.A. 10/31/83 AFFIRMED IN C.D.Cal. PART; REVERSED AND REMANDED IN PART Patel v. I.N.S.83-7022 11 /14/83 Potstada v. Freeman.81-4515, 10/31/83 81-4516, 81-4517, 81-4518, 81 — 4519, 81-4552, 81-4600 Purviance v. Commercial Bank of San Francisco.81 — 4515, 10/31/83 81-4516, 81-4517, 81-4518, 81 — 4519, 8141552, 81-4600 Purviance v. Security Pacific Nat. Bank.814Í515, 10/31/83 81-4516, 81-4517, 81-4518, 81-4519, 81-4552, 81 — 4600 REVERSED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED B.I.A. N.D.Cal. N.D.Cal. N.D.Cal.

DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS 747 DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Title Docket Number Date Rafatjah v. Department of Army82-7553 10/31/83 Rafner v. Filippazzo.83-5754 10/24/83 Razzaghi v. I.N.S.80-7354 11/2/83 Rendon-Villalobos v. I.N.S.82-7744 11 /15/83 Rodriguez v. MacDougall.82-5986 10/31/83 Royse v. State of Wash.82-3458 10/27/83 Safeco Ins. Co. v. Schroeck ... .83-5541 11/14/83 Sankary v. C.I.R.83-7078 10/24/83 Santa Maria Valley Plastering, Inc. v. Bailey.82-5993 11/8/83 Schnackenberg v. Champion Timberlands.82-3234 11/10/83 Schroeder v. Schweiker.82-5854 10/20/83 Scott v. Housewright.81-5114 10/19/83 S.E.C. v. Allison.82-3305 10/24/83 Disposition AFFIRMED REVERSED AND REMANDED AFFIRMED PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED APPEAL DISMISSED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED VACATED AND REMANDED AFFIRMED IN PART AND REMANDED Smith v. Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon .82-Stefansson v. American Telecommunications Corp.... 82 Steimer v. Boise Cascade Corp.. 83 Sterling v. Farmers Home Admin.83 Tamplin v. Drahman.83 Thomas v. Rushen.82 Thoren v. S.E.C.82 Todd Pacific Shipyards v. Stevens . Trahan v. Southern Pacific Transp. Co.82 Union Pacific R. Co. v. Boise Cascade Corp.82 U.S. v. Akhavan.82 U.S. v. Anderson.82 U.S. v. Arellano.82 82 U.S. v. Arkwright-Boston Mfrs. Mut. Ins. Co.82 U.S. v. Azevedo.83 U.S. v. Bachrach.81 U.S. v. Baker.82 82-U.S. v. Benham.83 U.S. v. Black.82 82 U.S. v. Black.83 -3433 11/15/83 AFFIRMED -5929 -3636 -1624 -3512 -5090 -3253 10/27/83 11/16/83 11/4/83 11/7/83 10/24/83 11/3/83 82-7148 11/9/83 1-5860 11/14/83 -3620 -1665 -1737 -1607, -1666 -3549 -5055 -4606 -1241, -1242 -1015 -1554, -1555 -1047 11/23/83 11/21/83 10/14/83 11/16/83 10/24/83 10/17/83 11/7/83 10/24/83 11/2/83 11/14/83 10/20/83 AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED AFFIRMED Appeal from and Citation (if reported! M.S.P.B. C.D.Cal. B.I.A. I.N.S. D.Ariz. E.D.Wash. C.D.Cal. U.S.T.C. C.D.Cal. D.Mont. C.D.Cal. D.Nev., 673 F.2d 1339 D.Or. D.Or. C.D.Cal. D.Or. E.D.Cal. E.D.Wash. C.D.Cal. D.Or. W.D.Wash. C.D.Cal. D. Idaho C.D.Cal. C.D.Cal. C.D.Cal. E.D.Wash. C.D.Cal. N.D.Cal. C.D.Cal. AFFIRMED E.D.Cal. REVERSED AND N.D.Cal. REMANDED AFFIRMED D.Nev.

748 722 FEDERAL REPORTER, 2d SERIES DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Appeal from Docket and Citation Title Number Date Disposition (if reported) U.S. v. Brown.83-3042 11/2/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Wash. U.S. v. Brown.83-5101 11/21/83 AFFIRMED C.D.Cal. U.S.v. Burton.82-1391 10/24/83 AFFIRMED IN C.D.Cal. PART AND REVERSED IN PART U.S. v. Chaussee.82-1747 11/9/83 VACATED AND D.Or. REMANDED U.S. v. Checknita.83-5010 11/18/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Cal. U.S. v. Cote.82-1764 11/7/83 AFFIRMED D.Or. U.S. v. Drebin.83-5619 10/17/83 AFFIRMED C.D.Cal. U.S. v. Durham-Morgan.82-1623, 10/26/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Cal. 82-1628 U.S. v. Garcia-Chavez.83-5017 11/3/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Cal. U.S. v. Hagemann.82-1649 10/24/83 AFFIRMED C.D.Cal. U.S. v. Iha .83-1060 11/3/83 AFFIRMED D.Hawaii U.S. v. Jamison.83-3044 11/3/83 REVERSED D.Or. U.S. v. Jentzsch.83-3050 11/15/83 AFFIRMED D.Or. U.S. v. Jiminez.82-1607, 11/16/83 AFFIRMED C.D.Cal. 82-1666 U.S. v. Leahy.83-5071, 11/14/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Cal. 83-5100 U.S.v. Lennie .83-1048 11/15/83 AFFIRMED D.Hawaii . U.S.v. Lillie.83-3049 11/22/83 AFFIRMED D.Or. U.S.v. Lopez.83-1033 11/4/83 AFFIRMED D.Nev. U.S. v. Molina.83-1024 10/12/83 AFFIRMED D.Ariz. U.S. v. Naranjo-Alzate.82-1514 11/25/83 REVERSED AND C.D.Cal. REMANDED U.S. v. Oberlin.82-1623, 10/26/83 AFFIRMED S.D.Cal. 82-1628 U.S. v. One 1954 Rolls Royce Silver Dawn, Serial Number SNF 107, CA License 1BTL264 . 83-5573 11/23/83 VACATED AND C.D.Cal. REMANDED U.S. v. Plagmann.83-1127 11/4/83 APPEAL E.D.Cal. DISMISSED; MANDAMUS DENIED U.S. v. Rubenstein.82-1735 11/16/83 AFFIRMED C.D.Cal. U.S. v. Sassounian.82-1438 11/4/83 AFFIRMED C.D.Cal. U.S.v. Smith.83-1037 11/4/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Cal. U.S. v. Trujillo.83-5068 10/21/83 AFFIRMED C.D.Cal. U.S. v. Ugarte .83-5114 11/14/83 AFFIRMED C.D.Cal. U.S. v. Valenzuela.83-5018 10/24/83 AFFIRMED C.D.Cal., 551 F.Supp. 1118 U.S. v. Vitale.83-5066 10/31/83 AFFIRMED C.D.Cal. U.S. v. Vogel .82-1770 11/4/83 AFFIRMED N.D.Cal. U.S. v. Wells .83-3052 11/17/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Wash. Vessel Astor v. Biddle.82-4556, 11/21/83 AFFIRMED D.Hawaii 82-4560, 83-2140

DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS 749 DECISIONS WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS — Continued Appeal from Docket and Citation Title Number Date Disposition (if reported! Vicuna-Quintero v. I.N.S.82-7682 10/26/83 AFFIRMED I.N.S. Villarreal v. Orr.82-4186 10/17/83 AFFIRMED E.D.Cal. Vizcarra v. Landon, Jr.81-6016 10/5/83 REVERSED C.D.Cal. Ward v. General Motors Corp. 82^572 10/24/83 AFFIRMED N.D.Cal. Wayne M. Withrow & Co. v. U.S.83-5616 10/19/83 AFFIRMED C.D.Cal. Wilcox v. Martin.82-3454 11/21/83 AFFIRMED W.D.Wash. Williams v. Hori .83-3564 11/16/83 AFFIRMED IN W.D.Wash. PART; REVERSED AND REMANDED IN PART Willmott v. Vessel Astor .82-4556, 11/21/83 AFFIRMED D.Hawaii 82-4560, 83-2140 Woods v. Beiersdorf, Inc.81^683 10/17/83 AFFIRMED IN N.D.Cal. PART; REVERSED AND REMANDED Woods v.C.I.R.81-7702 10/24/83 REMANDED U.S.T.C. Woods v. Sumner.82-4702 11/23/83 AFFIRMED N.D.Cal. Wright v. City of Springfield ... 83-3657 11 /14/83 AFFIRMED IN D.Or. PART 
      
      . Billy R. Majure, the individual named appellant in this action, was the particular IRS agent who sought the disclosure from Hayes.
     
      
      . As will be explained below, Hayes did partially comply with the court order. This appeal only concerns his failure to produce foreign partnership records.
     
      
      . The summonses were issued pursuant to 26 U.S.C.A. §§ 7609(f) & (h) (West Supp.1983).
     
      
      . The district court is granted jurisdiction to enforce summonses issued under Internal Revenue laws by 26 U.S.C.A. § 7604 (West 1967).
     
      
      . An order denying a petition for civil contempt in this circumstance is appealable as a final order under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. See, e.g., Matter of Newton, 718 F.2d 1015, (11th Cir.1983); Washington-Baltimore Newspaper v. Washington Post Co., 626 F.2d 1029 (D.C.Cir.1980).
     
      
      . The standard of review on appeal from a denial of civil contempt is whether the district court abused its discretion. Matter of Newton, 718 F.2d 1015, (11th Cir.1983).
     
      
      . In Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206 (11th Cir.1981) (en banc), this court adopted as binding precedent all of the decisions of the former Fifth Circuit handed down prior to the close of business on September 30, 1981. Id. at 1209.
     
      
      . Other courts have adopted different formulations when discussing what efforts to comply will be required of a party before it can maintain a defense of “inability.” See, e.g., Sidney v. McDonald, 536 F.Supp. 420, 424 (D.C.Ariz.1982) (respondent must have taken “all reasonable steps within its power”); O’Leary v. Moyer’s LandFill, Inc., 536 F.Supp. 218, 220 (E.D. Pa.1982) (respondent must exhaust “all reasonable avenues” for compliance); Babee-Tenda Corp. v. Scharco Mfg. Co., 156 F.Supp. 582, 587 (S.D.N.Y.1957) (respondent “required to take energetic steps to see that the orders of the court were carried out”).
     
      
      .Our reading of the record satisfies us that Hayes had the ability, as the principal or sole partner in the foreign partnerships, to exercise substantial control over Thom, whom he had appointed as manager. Although the record on appeal contains only discussion of the relevant contracts and not the documents themselves, Hayes does not dispute the fact that he had some power to remove Thom as manager.
     
      
      . Concerning the second issue raised on appeal, the government has not made a sufficient showing to warrant a finding that the district court abused its discretion in sealing the record in this case.
     