
    Susannah Merritt, Respondent, v. Ella Mayfield and Others, Appellants.
    
      iSurprise on a trial—what course the party surprised should pursue— rule where he is misled by his opponent—presumption as to a wife’s knowledge of her husband’s fraud.
    
    A party to an action, who is surprised upon the trial by evidence which he is not • prepared to rebut, should request an adjournment, and, if he fails to do so, he will not ordinarily be granted a new trial on the ground of surprise.
    Where, however, a party has been misled by the other party as to the issues which the case will involve, a new trial will be granted on the ground of ' surprise.
    While no obligation rests upon parties or their counsel to inform the opposite side in relation to the issues which will be raised, they must avoid saying or doing what may have a direct tendency to mislead their opponent.
    Knowledge by a wife of a fraud committed by her husband cannot be presumed from the mere fact of the relationship existing between them.
    Appeal by the defendants, Ella Mayfield and others, from a jtidg-ment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Nassau on the 3d day of March, 1903, upon the decision of the court rendered after a trial at the Nassau Special Term, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 19th day of February, 1903, resettling an order denying the defendants’ motion for a new trial upon the ground of surprise and newly-discovered evidence.
    
      Thomas P. Mulligan, for the appellant Mayfield.
    
      Joseph A. Burr, for the appellants Wiedersum.
    
      James P. Niemann, for the respondent.
   Hooker, J.:

This action, based iipon misrepresentation and fraud, was brought to procure the rescission , of a contract of exchange of properties entered into by the plaintiff and the defendant Mayfield, and the annulment and avoiding of certain transfers made by them, pursuant to the terms of the contract, and for a decree directing the defendant Mayfield to repay to the plaintiff the sum of $1,600 received by her as part of the consideration moving to her under the terms of that contract. The trial resulted in a decision in plaintiff’s favor, upon which a judgment was entered annulling the contract and the conveyance referred to and directing the defendants Mayfield and Philip H. F. Wiedersum to pay to the plaintiff the sum of $1,600 demanded in the complaint. That pleading alleged that defendant Mayfield was the owner of the premises conveyed to the plaintiff under the terms of the contract, and alleged the misrepresentations and fraud to have been made by the defendant Philip H. F. Wiedersum. When the case was moved for trial the attorney for the defendant Mayfield asked for a postponement of the trial on the ground that his client was ill, and there seems to be no dispute as to the fact that at that time she was physically incapacitated from attending the trial. The application, however, was denied and the issues were tried. Although the allegations of the complaint were silent upon the subject, the plaintiff’s proof tended to show that the defendant Mayfield was holding in her name the title to the property covered by the agreements in the contract as a dummy ” in behalf of the defendant Philip H. F. Wiedersum, and also tended to show that at the time Wiedersum was negotiating with the plaintiff for the exchange the defendant Mayfield so conducted herself as to corroborate certain statements of his, relative to the widowhood of defendant Mayfield. It was made to appear by the evidence of the plaintiff’s witnesses that she, Mrs. Mayfield, was not a widow. At the close of the case the attorney for the defendant Wiedersum stated to the court that he had no further evidence to introduce except, fn case any further testimony should be required, he desired to have the evidence of the defendant Mayfield taken by deposition. The court replied: I have not heard yet that she has the slightest thing to do with it.” Upon that remark of the court being made, her attorney said : Exactly, and I move to dismiss as to her.” The court then inquired of the attorney for the defendant Wiedersum whether he wished to hear her evidence, and he replied in the negative, and the proof was then closed. Mo continuance was then requested on behalf of any of the defendants for the purpose of obtaining the evidence of Mrs. Mayfield. The court, in disposing of the matter, after a denial of motions to dismiss, said : “ I find as a matter of fact that in place of being an independent party, as he pretended, the defendant, Wiedersum, was actually a party in interest, which fact he concealed from the plaintiff. His statements of the value of the land, and all his statements to. induce the sale by the.plaintiff become relevant and material when that fact is found, because she attached an importance to them, and was influenced by them, whereas she would' not have been had he not carried the impression that he was an independent party and acting in plaintiff’s favor and service. I, therefore, give judgment for the plaintiff. He was the real owner of the property to be given to the plaintiff in exchange. He and his sister, Mrs. Mayfield', committed a gross fraud on the plaintiff, she pretending to be a widow, and decking herself out in that garb for the purpose.?’

The defendants claim to have been surprised upon the trial, and this is an appeal from an order denying, the defendants’ motion for a new trial on the ground of surprise and newly-discovered evidence, as well as an appeal from the judgment entered against them. It is made to appear from the affidavits read in support of the motion that the defendant Mayfield can produce evidence upon another trial denying that she held title to the property in question for the benefit of the defendant Philip H. F. Wiedersum, and denying that she ever made any representations to the plaintiff as to her widowhood. We think that the motion for a new trial, at least as to her, should have been granted. Her claim that she was surprised, and did not anticipate any issue as to the interest of Wiedersum in the property and as to the representations of her widowhood, is reasonable in view of the fact that no allegations in respect to either of those matters were contained in the complaint; and in view of the position taken by the learned trial court in announcing its decision at the close of the trial, it is fair to suppose that the evidence which the defendant says she will be able to adduce upon another trial will be likely to affect the result.

We are not unmindful of the well-settled rule that when one is surprised by evidence which he is not prepared to rebut he should request an adjournment, and if he fails, is not entitled to a new trial on the ground of surprise. (Messenger v. Fourth Nat. Bank of the City of New York, 6 Daly, 190; Glendening v. Canary, 5 id. 489 ; affd., 64 N. Y. 636; Baylies New Tr. & App. 531.) The rule, however, has unimportant exception, and where it is made to appear that a party has been misled by assurances given by the opposite party as to the issues which the case would involve, a new trial will be granted on the ground of surprise. It is held that, while it is true that no obligation rests upon parties or their "counsel to inform the opposite side in relation to such matters, they must avoid saying or doing what may have a direct tendency to mislead their opponent. (Chamberlain v. Lindsay, 1 Hun, 231; Rubenfeld v. Rabiner, 33 App. Div. 374, 378.) We think that the reason for this exception applies with even greater effect to the situation as presented by this record ; for here, when the parties were preparing to close the evidence, the court itself stated that he had not yet heard anything by which the defendant Mayfield was in any way connected with the issues. It is entirely probable that this indication of the view held by the court of the matters in controversy misled counsel for defendant Mayfield into a- belief that it was unnecessary for her to introduce any evidence tending to deny the evidence adduced by the plaintiff showing her connection with the case, especially as the complaint was silent on the subject and she had contended that without such allegation, fraud, based upon these facts, could not be considered by the court in determining whether the plaintiff was entitled to judgment. The.trial court found that the defendant Evangeline Wiedersum, who was the wife of Philip H. F. Wiedersum took a conveyance of the property deeded to the defendant Mayfield pursuant to the terms of the agreement, with knowledge of the fact that this conveyance to the defendant Mayfield was obtained and procured and induced by and through the false and fraudulent representations of the defendant Philip H. F. Wiedersum and to cover and conceal the said Wiedersum’s interest therein, and to this finding the defendant Evangeline Wiedersum excepted. The judgment also, seems to declare void this conveyance from defendant Mayfield to Evangeline Wiedersum. There was, however, no evidence whatever tending to show that the defendant Evangeline Wiedersum had any knowledge, actual or constructive, of the dealings between the plaintiff and either of her codefendants, either before or after the contract was entered into. The mere fact that she was the wife of the defendant Philip H. F.-Wiedersum cannot be said to raise the presumption that she had such guilty knowledge.

Whilé it is by no means clear from the record in its present state that the defendant Philip H. F. Wiedersum, independently of his codefendant Mayfield, has made out a casé for a new trial on the ground of surprise, it seems to us that, inasmuch as the interests of the defendants under the judgment appealed from are so closely allied and so interwoven, justice demands that there should be a new trial as to all the defendants, if such disposition is made as to one.

The order, therefore, denying the motion for a new trial should be reversed and motion granted, costs to abide the event.

Goodrich, P. J., Bartlett, Woodward and Jenks, JJ., concurred.

Order denying motion for new trial on the ground of surprise and newly-diseoveréd evidence reversed, and motion granted, costs to abide the event, and judgment vacated. •  