
    LYLES v. STATE.
    (No. 6676.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    Feb. 15, 1922.)
    1. Criminal law 4&wkey;538(3) — Confession enough to identify guilty party.
    A confession of accused is sufficient to identify him as the guilty party, the offense being substantially proved aliunde.
    2. Criminal law &wkey;>736(2)— Submission to jury necessary on evidence raising issue of volun-tariness of confession.
    The issue of voluntary character of defendant’s confession, when raised by his testimony or the •circumstances surrounding or preceding the making of it, should be submitted to the jury%
    3. Criminal law <®=>l 173(2) — Refusal to submit isuse- of voluntary confession not harmless.
    Refusal to submit issue of voluntary character of defendant’s confession, the most material evidence against him, cannot b!e held harmless because of the large number of witnesses contradicting his testimony; whom the jury would believe being a matter for them.
    Appeal from Criminal District Court, Harris County; C. W. Robins on, Judge.
    Harry Lyles was convicted of theft, and appeals..
    Reversed and remanded.
    Stevens & Stevens, of Houston, for appellant.
    E. T. Branch, Dist. Atty., of Houston, and R. G. Storey, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
   LATTIMORE, J.

Appellant was convicted in the criminal district court of Harris county of the offense of theft, and his punishment fixed at two years’ confinement in the penitentiary.

Appellant was charged in the instant case with theft of certain property belonging to one Wehrung. It was shown that a storehouse managed by Mr. Wehrung was burglarized and certain automobile accessories stolen therefrom.. None of the stolen property was traced to the possession of appellant, nor does any one testify to any fact showing him guilty save that his own written confession made in conformity with the requisites of article 810, Vernon’s C. C. P., was introduced against him. -It has often been held that where the offense is substantially proved aliunde, the confession of the accused is sufficient to identfy him as the guilty agent. Willard v. State, 27 Tex. App. 391, 11 S. W. 453, 11 Am. St. Rep. 197; Sullivan v. State, 40 Tex. Cr. R. 639, 51 S. W. 375; Gallegos v. State, 49 Tex. Cr. R. 116, 90 S. W. 492.

Upon the trial appellant submitted to the court two special charges asking that the issue as to the voluntary character of his confession be submitted to the jury. Both were refused. This is assigned as error. The issue was not presented in the main charge. Many cases have- been before this court presenting phases of the question now raised, in which the courts have expressed themselves upon the facts of each particular case. It is settled law that if from the evidence it appears that the confession was not freely and voluntarily made, if proper request therefor be made, the court should submit the issue to the jury. The issue may be raised by testimony of the defendant himself. Morris v. State, 39 Tex. Cr. R. 376, 46 S. W. 253. The issue may bp raised by the circumstances appearing from the statement of facts to surround or precede the making of such statement. Cortez v. State, 43 Tex. Cr. R. 383, 66 S. W. 453. The fact that there is a conflict of evidence upon the question of the voluntary character of such confession would not justify the trial court in concluding from the preponderance of the evidence that the confession was freely made, and in such case the issue should be submitted. Blocker v. State, 61 Tex. Cr. R. 413, 135 S. W. 130.

In the instant case appellant was arrested apparently by Officer Lowery. Officer Slack was at the scene at or about the time of such arrest. On his trial appellant testified that each of said officers cursed him and threatened him, one threatening to beat him up over the head, and the other threatening him with a gun. Appellant testified that each of said men forbade ■ him denying what they said. He also testified that he was then carried to the city hall and there interviewed Mr. Kessler, the chief of detectives. He testified regarding said interview as follows:

“I went to the police station and talked to Mr. Kessler. I told Mr. Kessler that I didn’t know anything about it. I don’t know if I told him the same thing that is in that statement, and Mr. Kessler said, ‘Take him to the district attorney’s office.’ I don’t know if I did or not. I told him I knew nothing of it, and he said something about Jack Cooper and said if I would plead guilty he would get me out like he did Jack Cooper. He told me that the same night that I was arrested. I did not know Jack Cooper. He never told me Jack had a suspended sentence. He never said anything Jack got. He said he would help me out like he did Jack.”

In another part of appellant’s testimony, referring to the interview with Mr. Kessler, he testified.

“Mr. Kessler came back. I kept denying it. I said that I didn’t know anything about it. They carried me to jail and brought me from the jail to the district attorney’s office, and I was going to sign a statement or release. I don’t know what the release was; they had it fixed up some way; I don’t know what. I expected to be turned loose. Mr. Lowery told me the evidence wasn’t strong enough for them to hold me and for me to come to the district attorney’s office and sign a release and he never handcuffed me coming down, but he did going hack.”

In another part of appellant’s testimony, referring to what took place between him and Mr. Lowery, apparently as they were going from the jail to the district attorney’s office where the alleged confession was made, appellant testified as follows:

“He told me that he never had any evidence and could not hold me. He asked me to make the statement so the other could he arrested. He was going to force me to make a statement so the others could be arrested when he had no evidence against me. I saw Mr. Evans and Kavanaugh and Mr. Leach in the office. I never told them of it, because what good would it do.”

In another portion of appellant’s testimony, referring to the alleged confession, he said:

“They did not put me through the third degree about this here statement, but they threatened me about it. I have already told about Mr. Lowery; no one else threatened me except him.”

When appellant was put on the witness stand and shown said alleged confession, he stated;

“I signed.that statement, but it was compulsory. Deputy Sheriff Lowery threatened me on Clark street road while I was handcuffed. He cursed me and said he would beat me in the head if I did deny anything he said. He did not say anything that I was to say at that place; he said that at the jail. He waited until he got me to jail and carried me to Mr. Kess-ler’s office.”

It may be said that because the state introduced a large number of witnesses, all of whom deny and contradict appellant’s testimony on most, if not all, of the matters involved in the quotations from his testimony above set out, that therefore the refusal to submit the issue, of the voluntary character of the alleged confession could have in no event injured appellant. When the issue of the voluntary character of the confession is raised, as in this case, both by testimony as to threats and coercion on the part of one officer, and promises and inducements testified to as having been made by another officer, we do not believe the lower court justified in declining to' submit such issue to the jury. Whether the jury would have believed appellant is a matter for them and not for us. The confession was the most material evidence against the accused. Its admissibility was dependent wholly upon its voluntary character. The issue was a vital one. The question was one of fact. The appellant was entitled to have it settled by a decision of the jury.

We find nothing in the record indicating any error on the part of the trial court in refusing to apply the law of accomplice testimony to the witness Evans.

For the error of the court in refusing to submit the issue of the voluntary character of said confession to the jury, the judgment of the trial court will be reversed and the cause remanded. 
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