
    William E. D. Stokes, Respondent, v. Morning Journal Association, Appellant.
    
      Libel—the application thereof to the plaintiff may be shown by proof of his circumstances, but not by the opinions of witnesses.
    
    
      In an action of libel based upon a newspaper article, which does not allude to the plaintiff by name, it is competent for the plaintiff to give proof showing that the particular circumstances to which the article adverted were descriptive of the plaintiff and his surroundings, but he is not entitled, to prove that the article referred to him by asking witnesses whom they identified as the person to whom the article referred.'
    Appeal by the defendant, the Morning Journal Association, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the 'office of the clerk of the county of New York on the 16th day of March, 1901, upon the verdict of a jury for $10,000, and also from an order bearing date the 18th day of March, 1901, and entered in said clerk’s office, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    
      C. J. Shearn for the appellant.
    
      John J. Adams, for the respondent.
   Hatch, J.:

This is an action to recover damages for the publication of an alleged libelous article printed in the New York Journal and Advertiser, in which, as it is averred, the plaintiff was charged with having beaten his wife at a hotel in Paris, and with having been locked up over night and that the wife was going to get a divorce. No names are mentioned in the article, but the plaintiff claims that it refers to him. The defendant denied that'it published the article, and also denied that the article was published of and concerning, the plaintiff. The court charged the jury, as matter of law, that, the newspaper in which the article was published'was. owned and published by the defendant, and that the article ■ referred to the plaintiff, leaving to the jury only the question of damages. The verdict is for $10,000.

Evidence was given upon the trial tending to show that the articles complained of were not published by the defendant. The testimony bearing upon this subject was to the effect that the defendant had transferred its newspaper and all of its property and assets prior to the publication to the “ Star Company,” and that the latter at the time was the owner and publisher of the newspaper in which the article appeared. Issue was joined upon this subject in the testimony and plaintiff gave evidence tending to establish that the defendant was the publisher of the .newspaper at the time the libel was published. It is undoubtedly true that the evidence given upon this subject would have authorized the jury to find that the defendant was the publisher of the newspaper at the timé when the article appeared and that the transfer to the Star Company was merely colorable and not real. It is equally true that the jury was authorized to find that a transfer of the newspaper at the time of the publication of the libel had been made to the Star Company. Under such circumstances it is clear beyond debate that it became a question of fact which could only be solved by the.jury as to whether or not the defendant published the libel. The court, however, held, as matter of law, that the defendant published the article and refused to submit such question to the jury upon request by the defendant, to which ruling an exception was taken. Nothing more is needed to show that this was error than the bare statement of the question.

As the article in question did not name the plaintiff, therefore, whether he was. the person intended became a question of fact for the jury. (Van Vechten v. Hopkins, 5 Johns. 211; Ryckman v. Delevan, 25 Wend. 186; Townsh Sland. & Lib. [4th ed.] § 375a ; Sanderson v. Caldwell, 45 N. Y. 398.)

' The article, however, made reference to and described several conditions which it is claimed could only have had reference to the plaintiff and no other person. In the absence of extraneous proof, no such certain conclusion was authorized from the article as a whole.

It was quite competent for the plaintiff to have given proof showing that the particular circumstances to which the article adverted were descriptive of the plaintiff and his surroundings, and also of his wife to whom the article referred, and undoubtedly under such proof the jury would have been authorized to find that the article intended to and did refer to the plaintiff and his wife and to no other persons. The plaintiff recognized his obligation to make proof in this regard. He called witnesses and asked of them whom they identified as the person to whom the article referred. Objection .was made to this testimony upon specific grounds. The court overruled the objection and permitted the witnesses to answer, and they answered that they understood that it referred to the plaintiff. This was error. In People v. Parr (42 Hun, 313) a precisely similar, question arose and precisely similar testimony was offered and received under objection. In disposing of the case the court held that the question of identity was not a matter of testimony for experts nor for the expression of opinion, saying: If this kind of testimony were proper, then the defendant could have called witnesses to testify that they did not recognize Oppenheim as the person referred to. But such testimony would he plainly improper.”

Not only was the testimony improper, but the court held as matter of law that the publication referred to the plaintiff and refused to submit such question to the jury although requested so to do. This ruling constituted error.

This publication if untrue, and it referred to the plaintiff,, constituted a gross libel and warranted the judgment which has been rendered, but the questions to which we have made reference are so palpably erroneous as to call for a reversal of the judgment.

The judgment and order should, therefore, be reversed and a new trial granted, with costs to appellant to abide the event.

Van Brunt, P. J., O’Brien; Ingraham and McLaughlin, JJ., concurred.

Judgment and order reversed, new trial ordered, costs to appellant to abide event.  