
    Carlotta Nillson, Respondent, v. Walter N. Lawrence and Others, Defendants, Impleaded with American Play Company, Appellant.
    First Department,
    January 19, 1912.
    Personal property — right to produce dramatic production — suit to enjoin production of play — complaint—failure to state cause of action —parties.
    Where several persons as tenants in common have an undivided interest in the manuscript and production rights of a play one of the tenants has as good a right to use the play or to license third persons to produce it as the others. Ho one of them can assert a superior right in a court of equity in the absence of a contract modifying them rights as tenants in common.
    Hence, one owning an. undivided one-half interest in a play, but claiming no right of sole ownership or rights of production, cannot maintain a suit to enjoin the production of the play without her individual consent, for the defendants may have acted under the authority of the plaintiff’s co-owner or may themselves be co-owners.
    Moreover, in such suit those who are co-owners of the play with the plain tiff are necessary parties.
    Clarke, J., dissented in part.
    Appeal by the defendant, the American Play Company, from an order of the Supreme Court, made at the Hew York Special Term and entered in the office of the clerk Of the county of Hew York on the 23d day of October, 1911, overruling the said defendant’s amended demurrer to the complaint.
    
      Melville H. Cane, for the appellant.
    
      B. Gerson Oppenheim, for the respondent.
   Scott, J.:

The complaint alleges that plaintiff was in August, 1905, and still is the owner of an undivided one-half interest in a certain play and the manuscript thereof, including all rights of production and revenue therefrom; that such play and manuscript and rights of production constitute valuable property rights, the privilege and license to. produce said play being much sought after by managers, play brokers and theatrical agents; that the defendants (being two individuals and three corporations) at various times since • August, 1905, without plaintiff’s consent and against her wishes* have continuously assumed to exercise ownership of said rights of plaintiff in and to and respecting said play, its production, license and revenue and have on divers dates and at different places caused said play to be produced and have reaped large profits therefrom, and have refused to pay over any part thereof to plaintiff, and that defendants’ acts have been unlawful and in contravention of plaintiff’s rights. She asks an injunction and an accounting. The demurrer states three grounds, to wit, that there is a misjoinder of causes of action, that there is a defect of parties plaintiff, and that the complaint states no cause of action. So far as concerns the objection that there is a misjoinder of causes of action, that question has already been before us (144 App. Div. 934) on appeal from an order denying a motion to compel plaintiff to separately state her causes of action, the defendant’s claim being that plaintiff was attempting to intermingle a number of unrelated and independent causes of action based upon separate acts of the several defendants. That may be what the plaintiff seeks, but it is not what her complaint says. As was remarked by the learned justice at Special Term who heard the motion to separately state the causes of action: “The complaint sets forth a single cause of action for equitable relief founded upon the joint acts of the defendants in appropriating plaintiff’s proprietary rights in a dramatic compositon. ” The complaint does not allege separate acts of appropriation committed by the several defendants separately, and proof of such acts would not tend to establish the facts as pleaded. On other grounds, however, the demurrer must, be sustained. The plaintiff does not claim to be the sole owner of the play and the rights of production. According to her complaint she is the owner of only a onéhalf interest. This necessarily implies that there is in existence a co-owner or co-owners. Her allegation that the production of the play by defendants is “unlawful” is of course merely her own conclusion, and is not the allegation of a fact. The complaint fails to point out wherein the defendants’ acts are unlawful. That they produced the play without plaintiff’s consent and against her objection is not sufficient, for non constat they may have acted by authority of her co-owner or co-owners, or indeed they dr some of them may themselves he co-owners. It is -settled that, with regard to property of this nature, one tenant in common has as good a right to use it, or to license third persons to use it .as has the other tenant in common, and neither can come into a court of equity and assert a superior right unless it has been created by some .contract modifying the rights which belong to the tenants in common as such. (De Witt v. Elmira Nobles Mfg. Co., 60 N. Y. 459; Clum v. Brewer, 2 Curt. 506.) The complaint as it is drawn fads to .-state facts showing that defendants’ use of the play is unlawful. We are also of opinion that plaintiff’s co-owner or co-owners should he made parties to the action. It is plain upon the face of the complaint that a complete determination of the controversy cannot he had in their absence.

The order appealed from must he reversed, with ten -dollars costs and disbursements, and the motion to overrule the demurrer denied, with ten dollars costs, with leave to plaintiff to amend her complaint within twenty days .upon payment of costs in this court and at "Special Term.

Ingraham, P. J., Laughltn and Miller, JJ., concurred; Clarke, J., concurred solely upon the ground that the complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action.

Order reversed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements, and motion denied, with ten dollars costs, with leave to plaintiff to amend on payment of costs.  