
    The People of the State of New York, Respondent, v. James E. Holden, Appellant.
    Fourth Department,
    July 7, 1908.
    Crime — burglary — evidence of accomplice — when one is an “accomplice.”
    By virtue of section 399 of the Code of Criminal Procedure a conviction for a crime cannot be had on the uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice.
    Where the defendant advised a man and his wife to burglarize a house and, acting on his advice, they did so and the husband afterwards committed a second burglary, and the evidence shows, that the wife knew that the property brought home by him was stolen and taken from the s'ame house, she is an accomplice, even though she was not present at the second burglary, but merely aided in secreting the goods which she knew were stolen.
    Williams, J., dissented.
    Appeál by the defendant, James E. Holden, from a judgment of the County Court of Cattaraugus county, rendered on the 18th day of January, 1908, convicting him of the crime of burglary in the third degree and of grand larceny in the second degree, and also from an order entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Cattaraugus on the 30th day of January, 1908, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes.
    The action was commenced on the 5th day of December,. 1907, by the finding of an indictment of the grand jury of Cattaraugus county, 1ST. Y., containing two counts, the first accusing the defendant of the crime of burglary in the third degree, and the second accusing him of the crime of grand larceny in the second degree. The defendant was arraigned in the Supreme Court on the 9th day of December, 1907, where he pleaded “ not guilty,” and on that day an order was made in that court .sending the indictment to the County Court of Cattaraugus county for -trial. The defendant was tried, at a term of said County Court commencing on the 13th day of January, 1908. The jury rendered a verdict on the 18th'day of January, 1908, convicting the defendant as charged in the indictment, and he was thereupon sentenced by the court tó be imprisoned in Auburn State prison at hard labor for a term of not more than four years and six months and not .less than three years and three months. A motion for a hew trial upon the minutes of the coui’t was made, which was denied. From the judgment of conviction and the order denying the motion for a new trial so made this appeal is "taken.
    M. B. Jewell and D. E. Powell, for the appellant.
    
      George W. Cole, District Attorney, for the respondent.
   McLennan, P. J.:

The chief question presented by this appeal is whether or not the witness, Cora Hubbell, called by the plaintiff, was competent within the meaning of section 399 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, and it is unnecessary, in order to present that question of law, to recite all or even a considerable portion of the testimony.

The evidence on the part of the People tends to show that the defendant at divers times advised Howard Hubbell and his wife, Cora Hubbell, to burglarize a house known as the Hunt or Andrews house situate in Otto, in Cattaraugus county, 3ST. Y., and that pursuant to such advice the husband did, prior" to September 21, 1907, break into said house, pick up and prepare for removal certain articles of household goods therein, and that thereafter he went to a livery stable in the village of Ellicottville and made arrangements by which he and his wife went to the house and got furnishings or property, which he prepared to take away ; that the wife, Cora Hubbell, held the horse while her husband put the things in the wagon, and that they then drove home. That this burglary had been planned between the husband and wife for some time prior,to its consummation is established by the evidence without contradiction. They both went to the house, intending to steal and take away from it property therein.' A few nights afterward Hubbell (the husband) went into the house again and selected more things, which he determined to steal, and on the night following he (the husband) started out to obtain property so selected by him. On that occasion he went alone, got the goods and took, them home During the trip from the Andrews house to the house of Hubbell . it rained and the goods became somewhat wet, and Hubbell’s wife, Cora Hubbell, assisted him to put the carpets, draperies and other furniture, which he had stolen, around the stove to dry. She put some of the things in the other rooms and some of them she put'ou.t of sight and in boxes and barrels to keep them from observation'. The evidence conclusively establishes that Cora Hubbell knew that the property thus brought to the house of her husband and herself was stolen and had been taken from the Andrews house. The evidence also conclusively establishes that she (the wife) went with her husband on the occasion of the first burglary a‘nd was an active ' participant therein. But it is said that on the second burglary, which was committed on the 28th day of Sejhember, 1907, she was not' an accomplice thereto or therein, because she was not present at the time, and so, notwithstanding that with full knowledge that the goods were obtained by her husband by theft and notwithstanding she aided and abetted him in secreting the same, and the evidence of his guilt, she is not an accomplice.

It seems to me that, under every principle, Cora Hubbell was an accomplice in the commission of the crime by her husband, and, therefore, the rule applies that a conviction cannot be had upon the testimony of an accomplice, unless he is corroborated by such other evidence as tends' to connect the defendant with the commission of the crime. (Code Grim. Proc. § 399.) It does not seem to me that it is necessary, or that it would be useful, to cite authorities to show that Cora Hubbell was an accomplice of her husband in this transaction from its inception to its close, and, if we are right in this suggestion, then it follows that the judgment and order appealed from must be reversed, because the learned trial court expressly charged the jury, as a matter of law, that Cora Hubbell was not an accomplice, and, therefore, that her evidence could be considered by them precisely as if a disinterested witness. We express no opinion as to the guilt or innocence of the defendant. If guilty of the crime charged, he deserves to be severely punished, but we can find no basis in the evidence for the conclusion that Cora Hubbell was not an accomplice, under the fair meaning and intent of section 399 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. If we are right in that conclusion, itfollows that error was committed prejudicial to the defendant.

We conclude that the judgment and order appealed from should be reversed and a new trial ordered.

All concurred, except Williams, J., who dissented.

Judgment of conviction and order denying motion for new trial reversed and new trial ordered.  