
    Ireland v. Gardner.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department.
    
    October 19, 1889.)
    Master and Servant—Defective Appliances—Obvious Defects.
    Where a car-coupler has for some time heen employed in a railroad yard, it is error to submit to the jury the question whether the danger of having his foot caught in an unblocked guard-rail is so apparent and obvious that he is chargeable with notice of its existence, although he had been at work only three or four days in that part of the yard where the injury occurred. Following Appel v. Railroad Co., 19 ÍT. E. Rep. 93. Macomber, J., dissenting.
    Appeal from circuit court, Monroe county.
    Action for personal injuries, by Adalbert E. Ireland against G. Clinton Gardner, receiver of the Buffalo, New York & Philadelphia Railroad Company. Plaintiff obtained a verdict for $80,000, and from a judgment thereon, and an order denying his motion for a new trial, defendant appeals.
    Argued before Barker, P. J., and Dwight and Macomber, JJ.
    
      John A. Hilburn, for appellant. William 8. Oliver, for respondent.
   Per Curiam.

The submission of the case to the jury to find a verdict for plaintiff on the sole ground that the guard-rail was not blocked was error, under the case of Appel v. Railroad Co., 111 N. Y. 550, 19 N. E. Rep. 93. Judgment and order reversed, and new trial granted, costs to abide the event.

Macomber, J.,

(dissenting.) At the time of receiving the injuries for which this action is brought, the plaintiff was engaged in what is known as “breaking up” a train, in the yards of the defendant, near the city of Rochester. This process consisted of uncoupling and taking out freight-cars from the train, and shifting them respectively to their proper places on other tracks The plaintiff was required to go between the ears while the train was in mo tian, in order to disconnect them by pulling the coupling-pin. Taking hold of a pin for such purpose, he found that he could not raise it, because it was bent, whereupon he reached forward, to pull the other pin in the opposite coupling. At this instant one of his feet went into the wedge-shaped space between the main rail and the guard rail, where he was caught and held, while the car threw him down, the wheel crushing his left leg and arm, which subsequently had to be amputated,—the one at the thigh, and the other at the shoulder. At the time of receiving these injuries the plaintiff had worked at this particular business three or four days only. Eor some time prior thereto he had been engaged in coupling cars, which required him simply to couple the coming car to the car standing still; while the pulling of pins, in the process of cutting out cars and shifting them from one track to another, required him to enter between the moving cars, and to pull the pins while they were thus in motion. A coupler was required only to step in between the standing car and the coming car, and drop the pin when the moving car came up. In that work there was no requirement for the operator to walk upon the tracks. The plaintiff had no experience with this guard-rail which caused his injuries, before the time when this accident happened. He had no particular knowledge of the location of the guard-rail. He had no experience in cutting out a car, or pulling a pin, over such a dangerous place. His attention never had been called to the fact that this guard-rail and frog, or that any guard-rails or frogs, were dangerous.

The main exception on this appeal arises upon the submission by the trial judge of the question to the jury whether the danger arising from the position of those two rails, and the want of a “block” between them to prevent the entry of a foot, was apparent and obvious, so that the plaintiff was chargeable with knowledge of the existence of the danger. Under the facts testified to by the plaintiff, in which he is in part corroborated by the witnesses called by the defendant, the jury was justified in reaching a conclusion favorable to the plaintiff upon this proposition. While actually engaged in this work he could not have seen the place where his foot was caught.

The decision of Appel v. Railroad Co., 111 N. Y. 550, 19 N. E. Rep. 93, is pressed upon our attention as being an authority against the right of the plaintiff in this action to recover for the injuries so received by him. In that case, however, it appeared that the plaintiff’s intestate had been in the defendant’s employ for some years, and for quite a long time in and about the yard where the accident happened, and was actually acquainted with the frog, arid knew that'it was not “blocked.” Under these circumstances, the court held that in accepting and continuing in the employment he assumed the hazard of all known and obvious dangers, and that he was chargeable with notice of the difficulty in removing the foot when caught in a frog, and of the danger to be apprehended therefrom; and, therefore, that a cause of action was not made out, and a refusal to nonsuit was error. The court there say: “We feel quite sure that one who worked among these rails daily for months and years necessarily was familiar with their shape and general construction, and must have known of the difficulty of removing a foot caught in the space between the rails, and the danger of the "situation arising therefrom. We cannot believe that any one could thus work, and yet, while familiar with the frog, its purpose and use, and with its apparent form and condition, and that it was unblocked, (with all of which knowledge the learned court below correctly charged the deceased,) could still be ignorant that there was danger to be apprehended by getting his foot caught between the rails, and that there was a liability to have it thus caught. * * * We can have no doubt that the danger was obvious and known to the deceased. ” In the case before us, however, the chief employment of the plaintiff had been and was in the south end of the yards of the defendant, a place which was between 80 and 100 rods from the spot where he was injured, which is shown to be at the north end of the yard. The business to which the plaintiff had been put was new to him. His attention had not been called to its peculiar dangers. Under these circumstances, it seems to me that the case is distinguishable from that of Appel, and that it was not error for the trial judge to submit the question to the jury whether the apparent and obvious condition of the tracks gave him knowledge of its dangerous character. The question of want of ordinary care was, in this instance, under the testimony, one for their consideration. Their decision of that question is supported by sufficient evidence. I am unable to say, therefore, as it was said by the court of appeals in the Appel Case, that the dangers were apparent to the plaintiff, and that he was necessarily chargeable with knowledge thereof. Furthermore, had the pin in the coupling which the plaintiff first seized been in good condition, so as to be released from the coupling, in all probability the plaintiff would have avoided these injuries; but, as the same did not yield to his clutch, on account of its being bent, he was required to resort to the coupling on the other ear, which took some little time,—so long, indeed, as that he traversed 65 feet while so engaged in trying to wriggle out the pin. It appears, therefore, that the plaintiff entered between the cars at a point where there was no danger by reason of the rail and the frog, and under ordinary circumstances would have come out without injury before reaching this particularly dangerous spot. While going along with the cars in motion he could not see that his foot was likely to be put into this dangerous place. This fact, in connection with his want of knowledge or information of the location of the “unblocked” frog, did, in my judgment, justify the jury in rendering a verdict for the plaintiff, in the absence of evidence of a proper inspection of the coupling.

The only other question in the ease that merits comment is the proposition that the damages were excessive. There is nothing to indicate that the jury, in rendering this verdict, were actuated by any prejudice or passion. On the contrary, while thus liberal in their award which they have made, they cannot be said to have gone beyond actual damages. The injuries incapacitated the plaintiff for work. He was rendered helpless. He even at the time of the trial required assistance in locomotion. He not only suffered the pains of the injuries and the subsequent amputations, but much of such pain has followed him to the present time, and will attend him while he lives. The evidence shows that before the injury he was receiving $45 a month as wages; that he was a strong, healthy, whole, man, from which condition he was dismembered nearly to a torso. Under these circumstances I am unable to say that the sum awarded was excessive.

I have examined the several exceptions in the case not hereinbefore considered, and do not find in them any error that would warrant a reversal of the judgment. The judgment should be affirmed.  