
    Pyburne v. Moses.
    Decided January 10, 1891.
    
      JReplevit^—Premature action—Costs.
    
    In replevin, where the defense is that the action was brought before defend ant obtained possession, it is error to charge the jury to return a verdict for the property in favor of the defendant if the property was in plaintiff’s possession at the institution of the suit, defendant in such case being entitled only to costs.
    APPEAL from Lonoke Circuit Court.
    Joseph W. Martin, Judge.
    Moses executed a chattel mortgage to Pyburne as trustee for Munroe. By some means the trustee secured possession of the property. Moses procured judgment for its recovery. On the day an execution on this judgment was expected to be served, but before the sheriff had taken possession of the property, Pyburne made the affidavit in this case and placed the writ of replevin in the hands of a constable.
    Immediately after the property was returned to Moses by the sheriff, the trustee demanded it, and, upon refusal by Moses to deliver it, the writ herein was served. All other facts necessary to its understanding are stated in the opinion.
    
      George Sibley for appellant.
    1. The instruction given by the court for defendant was not predicated upon the pleadings and proof, and was not applicable; it was misleading. 14 Ark., 295 ; 16 id., 655; 23 id., 733 ; 2 id., 541; 36 id., 646; 42 id., 61.
    2. It is not now necessary, as at common law, to make demand before suing out the order of delivery. 35 Ark,,. 169 ; 24 id., 264; 8 id., 510; Dig., sec. 5 571, et seq.
    
    
      Thos. C. Trimble for appellee.
    The suit was prematurely brought. The plaintiff must be out of possession and entitled to the immediate possession at the time the writ is sued out, and, by reason of some wrongful act of defendant, be deprived of possession. It does not lie against one not in possession. 8 Minn., 470; 8 How. Pr., 188; 106 Mass., 600; 40 Miss., 760; 3 A. K. Marsh. (Ky.), 277; 56 Me., 291; 31 Wis., 536; 2 Carter (Ind.), 229 ; 63 N. C., 505 ; 2 Shep. (Me.), 414; 12 id., 464;, 13 Mass., 224 ; 48 111., 148; 66 111., 62. See also 24 Pick., 29; 25 Cal., 555. “That the property is wrongfully detained by the defendant,” is a material allegation, and must be proved. Mansf. Dig., sec. 5572 and notes; 40Ark., 551.
   Battle, J.

W. H. Pyburne, as trustee, brought an action of replevin against Eli Moses for the recovery of two mules, one cow and a wagon, of the aggregate value of $260. Reclaimed possession under a deed of trust executed by Moses to secure his indebtedness to L. W. Munroe. Moses denied that he was indebted to Munroe, and alleged that the property claimed was in the possession of plaintiff at the commencement of this action. The issues were tried by a jury; a verdict was returned in favor of the defendant for the property or its value ; judgment was rendered accordingly in favor of the defendant against the plaintiff; and plaintiff appealed.

On the trial some evidence was adduced tending to prove that appellant was in possession of the property in controversy at the time of the commencement of his action; and the court, among other things, instructed the jury that if the property, at the time the action was instituted, was in the possession or under the control of the appellant, they should find for the appellee. The question is, did the court err in giving this instruction ?

It is contended that, to sustain an action of replevin, it is necessary that the plaintiff allege and prove that he is entitled to the immediate possession of the property sued for, and that the defendant wrongfully holds the same. This contention is correct, but the fact that appellant was in the possession when he commenced his action did not alone give the appellee a right to a verdict'or judgment for the property. This fact, if pleaded and proved, would only go in abatement of the suit, and not to establish a right to the possession of the property. Suppose that it had been the only defense pleaded by the appellee, did the trial of the issue presented by it involve the right to the possession ? Certainly not. Then the- jury could not have been legally required to return a verdict in favor of the appellee for the property or its value. No issue as to the property or its possession could have been tried by them, as no such was submitted. There having been no controversy about the property and its possession, the appellee would not have been entitled to a judgment for the same. In that case it would be unreasonable to say that appellee was entitled to a verdict or judgment for property that he never claimed. The statutes directing that “ in actions for the recovery of specific personal property, the jury must assess the value of the property, as also the damages for the taking or detention, whenever, by their verdict, there will be a judgment for the recovery or return of the property,” and that, “ where the property has been delivered to the plaintiff, and the defendant claims a return thereof, judgment for the defendant may be for the return of the property, or its value, in case a return cannot be had, and damages for the taking and withholding of the property” (Mansf, Dig., secs. 5145, 518x), only refer to actions in which the issues to be tried involve the right to the possession of the property. This is manifest. It is equally manifest that the fact that appellant was in possession when his action was commenced, pleaded in connection with other defenses in which the appellee claimed possession, did not entitle appellee to a verdict or judgment for the property or its value. Appellant did not forfeit to appellee his right to the property by bringing his action prematurely. This fact proved nothing, except that the action should not have been brought at the time it was, and entitled the appellee to nothing except costs; and the jury should have been so instructed.

The instruction given was misleading and prejudicial to appellant.

Reversed and remanded.  