
    LE MASTER v. STATE.
    (No. 4163.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    April 18, 1917.
    On Motion for Rehearing, June 29, 1917.)
    1. Banks and Banking &wkey;>62 — Offenses by Officers — Bobbowing from Bank.
    In the prosecution of a state bank president for unlawfully becoming indebted to the bank by being a member of a partnership, consisting of himself and two other ’persons, which borrowed money from the bank in the name of two others, it was error to admit evidence of transactions after the offense tending to show the existence of a partnership at that time, where it appeared that the subsequent transactions were entered into independent of the partnership alleged in the indictment, and were in no way related to it.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Banks and Banking, Cent. Dig. §§ 12¿-124J
    2. Criminal Law <&wkey;673(2) — Instructions— Limiting Effect of Evidence.
    Where such evidence was admitted, the court should 'have limited it to its effect as tending to show that by reason of the subsequent transactions defendant and the others were partners in the original transaction declared on in (he indictment.
    [Ed. Note.- — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. § 1874.]
    3. Criminal Law &wkey;>677 — Withdrawal of Evidence.
    Permitting the state to withdraw evidence as to what took place at the trial of a civil case involving the matter for which accused was being prosecuted, and in which he was successful, was improper, regardless of whether such evidence was introduced by the state or elicited by accused on cross-examination of the state’s witness.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. § 1605.]
    4. Banks and Banking &wkey;>62 — Ofeenses by Officers — Instructions.
    In the prosecution of a state bank president for unlawfully borrowing money from the bank through being a secret partner in the firm to which the loan was made,, it was error to instruct that the jury should convict accused if they found he was president of the bank and became unlawfully indebted to it, without instructing that he must have become indebted to the bank by means of the partnership alleged in the indictment.
    [Ed. Note. — For other eases, see Banks and Banking, Cent. Dig. §§ 122-124.]
    5. Criminal Law <&wkey;813 — Abstract Instructions — Partnership.
    In such case, it was error to charge on the law of partnership without applying such law to the facts of the case.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. § 1979.]
    
      8. CRIMINAL Raw <&wkey;1172(l) — Ground for Reversal — Instructions.
    Error in the giving of an instruction in a case wherein accused was convicted required a reversal, where it was speculative as to what the verdict would have been under a correct instruction.
    [Ed. Note. — Por other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 3128, 3154.]
    7. Criminal Law <&wkey;1173(2) — Prejudicial Err or — Instructions .
    Where, in the prosecution of a state bank president for unlawfully borrowing money from the bank through a partnership of which he was a secret member, the evidence was conflicting as to the existence of the partnership, failure to instruct that defendant should be acquitted, unless the jui-y found that the partnership existed, was fatal error.
    [Ed. Note. — Por other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. § 3165.]
    8. Banks and Banking <&wkey;62 — Offenses by Officers — Loan to Partnership — Sufficiency of Evidence.
    Evidence in such ease, held insufficient to show that defendant was a partner, and through the .partnership became indebted to the bank.
    [Ed. Note. — Por other cases, see Banks and Banking, Cent. Dig. §§ 122-124.]
    On Motion for Rehearing.
    9. Banks and Banking &wkey;>62 — Offenses by Officers — Loans—Indictment.
    An indictment charging that defendant was president and member of the board of directors of state bank, and that as such officer he became indebted to the bank in a certain sum without the consent of the majority of the board of directors and without having the matter duly registered or inscribed on the minutes of the bank, sufficiently charged defendant in a. general way with becoming indebted to the bank in a specified sum, but did not authorize the admission of evidence of transactions showing defendant’s indirect liability to the bank through secret membership in a firm to which the bank made a loan.
    [Ed. Note. — For other cases, see Banks and Banking, Cent. Dig. §§ 122-124.]
    Appeal from District Court, Potter County ; H. L. Umphres, Judge.
    Mike C. Le Master was convicted of unlawfully becoming indebted to a state bank of which he was president, and appeals.
    Reversed and remanded, and rehearing 'denied.
    A. A. Lumpkin, of Amarillo, and Cooper & Merrill, of Houston, for appellant. Martin, Kinder, Russell & Zimmermann, of Plain-view, and C. 0. McDonald, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
   DAVIDSON, P. J.

Appellant was convicted of becoming indebted to a state bank, of which he was president, in the sum of $8,000.

The first count in the indictment sets out the particulars of the transaction relied upon by the state, but this count was discarded by the court in submitting the case to the jury, and he submitted only the second count, omitting the third count. The count submitted charged that appellant was duly elected, qualified, and acting president, and a member of tbe board of directors of the First State Bank of Amarillo, a banking corporation theretofore incorporated and engaged in the business as a state bank in the city of Amarillo under the authority of the laws of the state, and as said officer he became indebted to the bank in the sum of $8,000, without the consent of the majority of the board of directors, and without having the matter drily registered or inscribed upon the minutes of the bank.

The indictment is attacked in that it fails to apprise the defendant of the nature and circumstances of the case and wherein he had violated the law. I-Ie invokes the statutory rule, which is settled, that everything necessary to-be proved must be alleged in tbe indictment. The writer is of opinion this indictment is too general and does not specifically notify the defendant of the transaction for which he is to be tried, and that the only allegation in the submitted count is of a very ■general nature and to the effect that he became indebted to tbe bank in tbe sum of $8,-000 without proper authority from the board of directors. The writer is of opinion, without going into a discussion at any length of the matter, that the count submitted to the jury is not, within the contemplation of the law, sufficient. The general allegation that appellant had become indebted to the bank in the sum of $8,000 is too general. There is a want of particularity about it, and it does not inform the- defendant of what transaction he is changed. There is nothing to describe the manner of indebtedness, or how it came about, so as to notify defendant of the matters and transactions that he was to meet by the proof. The first count set out particularly these different matters and gave appellant notice of how and when and the circumstances attending the indebtedness, and how it came about, but the court did not submit this to the jury. This much is said in a general way.

It will be noticed upon investigation of the case that all the facts to be relied upon by the state were known at the time the indictment was presented, and as to how the indebtedness was created, if there was any. The facts in this connection, as relied upon by the state, were made through the testimony of an accomplice, McSpadden. His testimony, substantially, is that Morris came and notified him of the fact that he could buy an optional cattle contract, the cattle being in Arizona; that he thought this option could be bought at $5,000, and if he had the money the trade could be made and profit made out of it by selling this contract for an enhanced value to other parties. I-Iis object in calling McSpadden was that McSpadden might enable him in some way to get the money. They discussed it, and Mefepadden, not having thfe money, suggested they see appellant, who was president of the State Amarillo Bank, and get him to furnish the money. Appellant was called, and McSpadden’s testimony is to the effect that after discussing it appellant agreed to furnish the money; Morris and MeSpadden signing the note at the bant for $5,000. There was something said to the effect that it was not probable that the option could be bought at $5,000; that it might take more money. MeSpadden further testified that appellant, Morris, and himself agreed that Morris and MeSpadden were to sign a note to the bank and have the money transferred to their credit, and that appellant was to be a partner in the profits and maybe losses, but his name not to be known in the matter, and in this way that appellant became a partner in the purchase of the cattle option contract. He also testified that there was no other cattle contract, in contemplation or discussed between them at the time. His language was:

“Yes, sir;*it was agreed that Mike C. Le Master was to advance the money on the condition that I went along and used what influence I possessed to keep Morris from getting drunk, and Gus agreed not to get drunk any more, and straighten up. There was nothing said at that time about any other transaction. We were to do the best we could. We did not know exactly how much money it would take, but we were to let Mr. Le Master know. We wanted to get an option on the cattle for spring delivery and then sell the option. The agreement was that Mir. Le Master was to advance the money to be paid as a forfeit on the cattle and Morris and myself were to go out there and get a contract and purchase them and sell the contract.” ■

This occurred, on the 26th day of December, and on the 27th a note was executed by Morris and MeSpadden to the bank, appellant’s name not appearing in any of these matters. Upon signing the note Morris and MeSpadden left Amarillo and went to El Paso. They there got in touch with the owners of the cattle and bought the option. The owners of the cattle, however, required $S,000 instead of $5,000. By wire appellant was notified of that fact. He took the Morris and MeSpadden note and wrote above the 5,000 3,000. The intention it seems was to make the note for $8,000 instead of $5,000. The deal was made, and in three or four days the option was transferred at a profit of considerable amount and closed out, and Morris and MeSpadden came back to Amarillo and deposited the money in the state bank at Amarillo, and on the 6th of January took up and paid off the note. Appellant was not in Amarillo at the time, hut was in Ft. Worth. He knew nothing about tbe payment of the note until later information was conveyed to him. Morris testified in many respects as did MeSpadden, tout he denied that Le Master had or was to have any interest in the option contract, and was in no way connected with the profits or losses. In fact, he was in no sense, or in no way interested in the contract, nor was he to receive any profits, dividends, or pay any losses. Appellant testified in his own behalf as did Morris. After returning to Amarillo and taking up the note MeSpadden and Morris, without the knowledge of appellant, went to New Mexico with a view of purchasing other cattle. Appellant had nothing to do with this and knew nothing of this matter.

There were other subsequent cattle deals by MeSpadden and Morris wmch the state undertook to connect appellant with by McSpadden’s testimony. Both Morris and appellant denied that there was any partnership. There was evidence introduced by the state to show these subsequent transactions over the protest and objection of appellant. We are of opinion these objections were well taken. The court also failed to limit this testimony. Having admitted the testimony, the court should have limited it. It was not in reference to the original case and could not be, and if it was introduced for any purpose it was to show that by reason of the subsequent transactions between the parties that they were partners in the original transaction declared upon in the indictment. As before stated, we are of opinion these matters should not have gone before the jury, but having been permitted to be introduced, the court should have limited them to their proper office in his charge. The state’s testimony as well as that for the defendant all agree that if appellant had any connection with any of these transactions it was the one based on the note, and the sum finally drawn from the bank of $8,000, which was paid back within ten days by Morris and MeSpadden. MeSpadden says there was no other transaction in contemplation or under discussion. Morris uses the same language and testifies to the same thing, so- does appellant. So it would be evident that subsequent transactions if entered into independent or disconnected with the first, not growing out of or related to it in any way, could not come into the case as testimony on the question of partnership in the first transaction.

There was nothing said, as MeSpadden, Morris, and Le Master all testify, as to any other trade either then or in contemplation for future dealings. The fact that later they may have made other trades, or that appellant may have become interested in later transactions, could not afford testimony proving a partnership in a single transaction which.begun and ended with itself. These latter matters had no relation to or bearing upon the case; they did not serve to identify or develop the case; were not res geste, nor could possibly reach the question of system. The matter is here dealt with generally without going into details as shown toy defendant’s bills of exception with reference to these matters. There are several of these matters, all of which upon another trial should be excluded.

The state introduced Mr. Mood as a witness, and was proving by him some matters that occurred on the trial of a civil case in which he took down the testimony as stenographer. It seems they were seeking to prove the testimony of appellant while testifying in his own behalf on the trial of the civil case. There are several pages of these questions and answers set out in the bill so as to make it clear and plain. It developed in his testimony that on the trial of the civil casé appellant won; that the jury found a verdict in his favor. When the testimony of Mr. Mood was complete, or they had become satisfied about it, the state moved to exclude all his testimony from the consideration of the jury. The appellant excepted. The state’s counsel put their motion to withdraw the testimony on the ground that they did not purpose to introduce the record in the civil case. These matters are generally stated, and not the details. We are of opinion that the objections of the defend: ant were well taken. The testimony should have remained before the jury. Among the early cases on this question in Texas is Speight v. State, 1 Tex. App. 552. The first section of the syllabus of that case sufficiently states the question:

“If the accused elicits testimony adverse to himself, he must take the consequences; and he is not entitled to have it withdrawn from the jury because part of the same proof, when offered by the prosecution, had previously, on his objection, been excluded by the court.”

In that case the defendant moved to exclude testimony introduced by himself that he thought adverse to him. The state would occupy no better position under the same circumstances than would appellant. , The testimony, as said in the Speight Case, if illegal at all, was his own testimony, and we opine he ought to be held to take the consequences, and could not exclude it simply because it was found to toe unfavorable to bis case. In Moore v. State, 6 Tex. App. 563, the question came again. The headnote of that opinion is as follows:

“If the defendant elicits testimony adverse to himself, he must abide the consequences; and that a state’s witness, upon cross-examination by the defendant, testified to a confession made after arrest, is not cause for a new trial, as having improperly gone to the jury.”

The doctrine was approved in Allen v. State, 8 Tex. App. 67, and Robins v. State, 9 Tex. App. 671. In the case of McDade v. State, 27 Tex. App. 641, 11 S. W. 672, 11 Am. St. Rep. 216, the question again came. At page 689 of that report (11 S. W. 675) the court said:

“In the seventh assignment of error it is complained that ‘tlie court failed to instruct the jury that the declaration of Allehin to Felker that threats had been made against him by defendant was not any evidence that such threats were made, and that they should not consider such' statement as a part of the evidence for that purpose, when it was expressly requested so to charge by defendant.’ This evidence was drawn out by defendant upon the direct examination of his witness Felker, and neither the prosecution nor the court was responsible for it. If the defendant elicits testimony adverse to himself he must abide the consequences”— citing Speight v. State, 1 Tex. App. 551, and Moore v. State, 6 Tex. App. 562.

The state having introduced. Mr. Mood as a witness, and his testimony being introduced without objection from the defendant, the state could not, because the testimony was somewhat damaging to its case, withdraw it from the jury. The state introduced it and could not withdraw it over objection of appellant. The above cited cases seem to settle that question.

There are exceptions to the second subdivision of the charge on various grounds. This subdivision limits the jury to the second count, and charged if the jury should find appellant was an officer duly elected, qualified, and acting president and a member of the board of directors of the state bank, and that the bank was incorporated, etc., and be became indebted to that bank in the sum of §8,000 without proper authority from the board of directors, they should convict him. It will be noticed in this connection that this charge submits the fact that he was president and one of the board of directors. The indictment, while it mentioned the fact that he was an officer and member of the hoard of directors, it did not attempt to charge him with being guilty of violating the state law as a director, but only as president or acting president. The. president cannot borrow any amount of money from the bank without proper authority. The indictment did not undertake to charge any matter that would make him criminally liable as a director. He was charged as the president of the bank, and not asi a member of the board, of directors. If he was sought to be convicted as a director, then the charge should have specifically brought that matter to the attention of the jury.

It will be noticed that this charge does not undertake anywhere to inform the jury as to the relation of appellant to the amount of money or the circumstances by which he could have possibly been indebted to the hank. All the testimony and the indictment excludes tlie idea that his name was on the bank books-The proof all shows that it was not, and that there was no contract and no evidence in the bank books, records, or papers that his name was in any way connected with any indebtedness to the bank. The only way by which it was sought to hold him liable was through the testimony of MeSpadden that he was a secret partner in the profits and losses that might arise in the option contract which Morris and MeSpadden accomplished and for which the bank is supposed to have furnished the $8,000. In order, therefore, to hold appellant guilty, the charge should have conformed to the facts, and in order to hold him the state would have to show that he was guilty under the circumstances detailed by the state’s witness as partner. In other words, in order to convict appellant the jury should have been instructed that they would have to find that appellant became indebted to the bank by means of this partnership matter about which McSpadden testified. This was the state’s case, and it was all the state had or put into tha trial. In this same connection it may be well enough to notice that section 3 of the charge is a general statement of the law of partnership as understood by the court in giving his charge, and it reads as follows:

“A partnership is formed by two or more persons placing their money, effects, labor and skill or some one or all of them in business with the purpose and -intention of dividing the profit and bearing the loss in certain proportions and may be made and entered into either by express agreement, oral or written, of those forming the partnership, or it can result from the conduct of the parties in relation to the business. Those forming the partnership are partners. When a partnership is formed each individual partner in relation to partnership business in law binds himself and each of the other members of th« partnership jointly and severally for any partnership obligations made in furtherance of the partnership enterprise and within the scope of the partnership business.”

This is all the charge with reference to partnership. It will be seen that it has no reference to and is not connected back with the other charge; nor does the other charge refer to partnership, nor is the jury charged that if appellant was a partner within the terms of the law with McSpadden and Morris, and under that partnership there was or could be an indebtedness created for which appellant would be responsible, they might convict. This definition of partnership is thrown into it in a general way without any application of the rule of partnership to the facts in the case, or facts of the case to the partnership. In the second clause of the charge which submits the law for conviction the partnership is not mentioned. Under the facts it was all the state had upon which to predicate a conviction. In the charge on partnership it does not inform the jury that if appellant connected himself with this indebtedness by means of this partnership, and was responsible under the terms of the contract by reason of this partnership, that he might be liable for the indebtedness, but instructs the jury to convict for the indebtedness in the second clause, and gives a general definition without any application of the law to the facts of partnership. If appellant vras guilty at all it was under McSpadden’s testimony to the effect that he agreed to divide the profits and losses and carry the partners under the contract, and that he did furnish the money from the bank. The state admits error in the charge on partnership as given, but asserts the error was favorable to appellant. It was error, and we think harmful. The error is conceded; the verdict was guilty. 'Wihat may have been the verdict under a correct charge is speculative, but it is' not speculative that he was found guilty.

There is another phase to this charge that is fatal. McSpadden swore to this partnership as set out in the early part of the opinion. Morris and appellant denied it emphatically. There was an issue sharply drawn by this testimony as to whether this partnership existed or not. The bulk and the weight of the testimony was that the partnership did not exist. The jury so found by their verdict in the civil proceeding and exonerated appellant as partner and found in his favor in the suit against himself and Morris by McSpadden. This was shown by the testimony of Mood. Now the converse of the proposition, had the partnership been properly charged, was if the jury should find there was no partnership existing between these parties at the time, they should find in his favor and acquit him. Such omission is fatal error.

It is contended that the evidence is not sufficient to show that appellant was a partner, and that through the partnership became indebted to the bank. The writer is of opinion that this proposition is correct. McSpad-den testified, and he alone, that appellant was to be connected with the profits or losses, and Morris testified positively that such was not the case, and that hé and McSpadden alone were responsible, and that he was to get two-thirds of the profits and McSpadden one-third, and that appellant had nothing to do with it. McSpadden testified they were to be equal partners', each getting a third. There were some telegrams passing between the parties with reference to this $8,000 option contract introduced by the state, but these did not show that a partnership existed. It was with reference to the fact that the $5,000 first agreed upon and mentioned in the note was not sufficient, and appellant agreed to furnish the extra $3,000 from the bank, and later wrote it in the note. The note was payable to the bank, and appellant was in no way concerned with it, and if he was connected in any manner with it it was by reason of McSpadden’s testimony, which appellant and Morris both denied. As it occurs to the writer, there is no testimony which supports or corroborates McSpadden in his statement, If, however, the state should further prosecute, the testimony should be limited to the transaction about which the witnesses testified and not extend it to subsequent contracts in no way connected with or related to the one under investigation.

The judgment is reversed, and the cause' remanded.

On Motion for Rehearing.

On a former day of the term the judgment was reversed and the cause remanded. The state contends in a motion for rehearing that the court was in error in holding that the indictment was not valid. It was stated that the general allegation that appellant had become indebted to the bank in the sum of $8,000 was not specific enough and .entirely too general; that it was wanting in particularity, and failed to inform the defendant of the transaction, for which he was to be tried. Tbe writer, upon further investigation, still adheres to his original views. The majority, however, do not agree with him. Under the view of the majority the former opinion will be modified and the indictment held sufficient to charge appellant in a general way with becoming indebted to the bank in the specified sum. The indictment contained three counts. The first set out the facts attending the transactions by which it was sought to connect appellant with violating the banking law, he being president of the bank. That count, however, was not submitted to the jury by the court, and passed out of the case. The second count was submitted in which the general allegation was made that appellant became indebted to the bank of which he was president. •Under these allegations the state would be required to prove that appellant had become directly indebted to the bank, and that proof of the matters and facts set up by the state in its evidence would not meet the count upon which the conviction was obtained, which evidence was to the effect that appellant and McSpadden and Morris entered into an agreement by which they were to buy cattle and the bank furnish the money, predicated upon a note given by McSpadden and Morris, and the money transferred on the books of the bank to their credit, and that appellant would be a partner in the profits and losses of the cattle transaction for which the note was given to secure funds in payment of the cattle. Appellant’s name does not appear anywhere either in the note or on the bank books, and on the face of the transaction he is not directly shown to be connected with any of those matters. In other words, it was a secret partnership, if it existed. This was perhaps the most serious question in the case so far as the evidence was concerned. So following the views of the majority, the count will be held sufficient to charge an offense, but not to admit evidence of the transactions showing an indirect liability as sought by the state; that this would be a variance between the allegation in the count submitted and the evidence, and therefore the evidence did not support the finding of the jury under the count and the charge submitting that count.

In regard to what was said in the original opinion with reference to a bill of exceptions which contains matters and things set out through the witness Mood, the state contends that the opinion was in error in holding that state’s counsel was responsible for withdrawing all the testimony of Mood from the jury. The contention is that the state did not withdraw the statements of Mood on cross-examination by appellant's counsel to the effect that appellant had won the civil suit. Strictly and technically speaking this contention may be correct. The bill in regard to this matter shows that when Mood was placed upon the stand and the various questions asked and answers elicited, he was then passed to appellant’s counsel for cross-examination, and, among other things, it was elicited from him that appellant had won the’civil suit in which Mc-Spadden sued Morris and himself for settlement of alleged partnership matters, which involved the $8,000 matter. State’s counsel objected to this cross-examination as to the matters elicited from Mood, but the court overruled the objection upon the ground that the state had drawn out the matter, and this was a legitimate cross-examination. When this occurred the bill of exceptions recites that;

“Thereupon the state rested, an'd stated they desired to consult a moment, and within a few minutes returned to the court, and through their private prosecutor, Mr. Martin, stated to the court, ‘We are not going to introduce any of the record, and we ask that the court strike out the testimony of Mr. Mood in regard to it.’ (The record referred to being the transcript of what purported to be the statement of facts ill the case of W. A. McSpadden v. R. A. Morris et al., in which the state’s counsel had attempted to prove up by A. M. Mood for the purpose of offering the same and parts thereof to impeach the defendant as a witness.) The court then stated, ‘What part of the record do you have reference to?’ Mr. Martin stated in reply to such question, ‘All of Mr. Mood’s testimony identifying the record, since we are not offering any of the record, that evidence would serve, no purpose. We do not intend to offer the record, and we would like to have this testimony stricken from the record, since it does not tend to prove any issue in this case.’ ”

Thereupon defendant’s counsel objected to the withdrawal of any of the. testimony by the state for the reason they had offered the same, and when it was proved harmful to them they desired to withdraw it, and that it was material and beneficial to the defendant, and that they had no power to withdraw it when they had offered it themselves, and they considered it harmful to then be permitted to withdraw it. The court, not specifically ruling on the objection, turned to the jury and instructed them as follows:

“I will strike out and instruct the jury not to consider the testimony of Mr. Mood.”

In the former opinion the writer was under the impression that, legally speaking, state’s counsel were responsible for being really the moving parties in getting the matter before the jury as well as to its final withdrawal or exclusion after putting it in before the jury; that it was too late for the state to withdraw it after cross-examination of the witness in reference to the matter they had drawn out; and that their motion, had it been sustained, would practically have operated to withdraw all the testimony of the witness Mood, whether it was direct or cross-examination. If the writer was in error about this, then counsel for the state may not have been altogether responsible for the withdrawal of Mood’s testimony favorable to the defendant. But the matter was so intermingled — the direct and cross examination taken — with the remarks of the court it occurred to the writer that the ef-feet of the state’s motion was to withdraw all the testimony, especially in view of the fact that this motion was not made until after Mood developed the fact that appellant had won the civil suit. This testimony seems to have been introduced by the state for the purpose of laying some predicate with reference to the case and the testimony of defendant in the civil suit, but when Mood testified to the fact that appellant had been eliminated from that record by the verdict of the jury, counsel moved to exclude or withdraw the testimony from the jury. State’s counsel insist strenuously that they did not undertake to withdraw the testimony introduced on cross-examination, and that they were only undertaking to withdraw that which they introduced. Without going into any detail about the matter, or any discussion, we place it as the record does, so that it will be fully understood and its effect and result from the whole bill of exceptions may not be unjust to either side. The result, however, would be the same. This testimony was withdrawn from the jury, and under the circumstances it should not have been withdrawn. It is deemed unnecessary to discuss the other matters.

Finding no reason why the motion for rehearing should be granted, it is ordered that said motion be overruled. 
      tg^oFor other cases see same topic and KEY-NUMBER in all Key-Numbered Digests and Indexes
     
      ÉtcnFor other case? see same topic and KEY-NUMBER in all Key-Numbered Digests and Indexes
     