
    AS TO RECOVERY UNDER. A CONTRACT FOR CONCRETE WORK.
    Circuit Court of Franklin County.
    James Westwater v. Scioto Valley Pool Co.
    Decided, October 19, 1909.
    
      Contracts — Action for Recovery on — Subsequent Proposals not 'Admissible in Evidence — Increased Cost Due to Owner Stopping the 'Work — Weight of the Evidence.
    
    1. Where the sole issue is as to price, the fact that some witness was permitted to testify as to quantity is not prejudicial.
    2. Inasmuch as a written contract is presumed to contain all the stipulations, complaint can not be made of a refusal to admit in evidence a proposal made by one of the parties.
    3. The same rule applies in determining whether a judgment is against the weight of the evidence that would apply were a verdict being considered.
    
      4. Where work is stopped hy the owner and is not allowed to proceed until a change of season has made it more expensive to carry it forward, it is the duty of the contractor, if he intends to make a claim for additional compensation, to make it immediately; otherwise, if presentation of the claim is delayed until trouble has arisen in settlement, it is open to the suspicion that it is an afterthought.
    5. A judgment can be reversed on the weight of the evidence only when it is so manifestly against the weight of the evidence as to indicate mistake, bias or prejudice.
    Sullivan, J.; Dustin, J., Allread, J., concur.
    I-Iearcl on error.
   The number of yards of concrete being agreed upon, and the sole dispute between the parties in this cause of action being thé price to be paid therefor, the testimony of the witness Griggs as to the number of yards could not prejudice the claim of plaintiff in error.

Furthermore, no motion was interposed by plaintiff in error to strike out this part of the witness’s testimony, and therefore the point was not saved, even if the evidence had been prejudicial.

The court below properly excluded the proposal of plaintiff in error. Where a written contract is entered into, it is presumed to contain all stipulations agreed upon between the parties; that the written instrument is the result of all negotiations between the parties prior to its execution, and the very purpose of reducing it to writing is to preclude the claim being made for any stipulations not contained in it. If plaintiff in error desired to have incorporated in the contract the provision proposed to be proven by the proposal and it was agreed upon, it should have been made a part of the instrument. The fact that in no one of the accounts rendered by plaintiff in error is there any claim made for damages for delay is of itself strong evidence that the provision of the proposal desired to be shown' was purposely omitted.

The judgment of the court is the same as a verdict of a jury. A reviewing court, in the consideration of the record, to determine whether the judgment is against the weight of the evidence, must observe the same rules established to determine whether a verdict is wrong for the same reason.

When plaintiff in error was stopped in the progress of the work,'and not permitted to resume until the change in the season was such as to demonstrate that it would cost more to do the work, he should have then declined to proceed, unless the defendant in error would agree to pay the difference in cost, if he then intended to prefer a claim for such increase. If he then had such claim in mind, it was his duty at that time to decline to proceed unless the defendant agreed to pay the increased cost occasioned by its delay and made claim for the work and material furnished and done up to that time. The fact that he did not do this is evidence that such claim was an afterthought, when considered in connection with the fact that he made no such claim until he brought suit. The first account including a charge for concrete in the coal pit fixed the price at $5.85; the next at $7.50. It is reasonable to assume that he was better able to determine its price just at the completion of the work than months thereafter. The price fixed at the first time supports the claim made that its reasonable value was $6.

The reviewing court is without opportunity in an error proceeding to judge of the credit that should-be given to the witnesses. In this respect the tidal judge has the better opportunity. Therefore, it is only when a judgment rendered by a court or a verdict by a jury is so manifestly against the weight of the evidence as to indicate a mistake -in weighing the evidence, or bias or prejudice. A review of the evidence contained in the record in this case does not, in our judgment, show either.

The judgment will, therefore, be affirmed at plaintiff’s costs.  