
    Julia M. Hasbrouck, Respondent, v. The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company, as Lessee of the Boston and Albany Railroad, Appellant.
    Third Department,
    March 9, 1910.
    Carrier — railroad — liability for baggage — delivery to trainman — evidence — liability as bailee and carrier — limitation of liability.
    Where a passenger places luggage in the custody of a carrier’s employee whose . duty it is to care for it, the company is liable not only for theft by the employee but for his negligence.
    Where a passenger, carrying a dress-suit case containing necessary traveling, expenses and diamond rings suitable for her personal úse, asked the conductor to send some one to take the suit case from the train at her station,-and after-wards she delivered the shit case to a trainman who came to help her and did not see it again until he returned it to her on the platform with the money and rings missing, the railroad is liable for the loss.
    The plaintiff by delivering the suit case to the trainman did not make hini her agent, for inasmuch-as the conductor, by the railroad’s rules, was responsible for the care of the train and the conduct of the men employed -thereon, and one of the duties of the trainman was to assist passengers on and off the train and he was acting under the orders of the conductor, it will be assumed that he was acting for defendant within the scope of his employment.
    If defendant’s possession of the suit case was that of a common carrier it was an insurer and bound to redeliver what it had received; if the defendant he deemed a bailee, the plaintiff having made á prima faaie case of negligence, can recover in the .absence of an explanation of the loss.by the defendant,-
    An unexplained failure of a bailee, to deliver goods on demand is prima facie evidence of. negligence.
    A clause on a railroad ticket limiting the carrier’s liability for baggage and section 38 of the Public Service Commissions Law refer only to baggage which is checked, not to that carried by a passenger personally and delivered temporarily to the carrier’s servant.
    The plaintiff was not precluded from recovering because the suit case, which had two good clasps, was unlocked when delivered to the trainman, nor did the fact that she tipped him establish that he was in her employ.
    In such a case, however, the evidence should be clear and convincing as to the loss of property.
    Smith, P. J., dissented.’.
    Appeal by the defendant, The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company, as lessee, etc., from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Ulster on the 30th day of August, 1909, upon the decision of' the court rendered after a trial at the Ulster Trial Term, a jury having been waived.
    
      Amos Va/n JEtten-, for the appellant.
    
      G. D. B. JIasbrouoh and William D. Brinnier, for the respondent.
   Houghton, J.:

The plaintiff was a passenger on the Boston and Albany railroad, operated by the defendant as lessee, and carried with her into the car in which she was riding a dress-suit case in which was a pocketbook containing $20 in currency and three diamond rings of the value óf $1,500. x •

’ The plaintiff was on her way to a social function, and her station in life was such that the rings were suitable for her personal use and adornment and proper as her personal apparel, and the money was only such as was necessary for the purposes of her journey.

The suit case had a defective lock and was held together by two clasps which were in order. As she neared the city of Worcester in the State of Massachusetts, she asked the conductor of the train if he would send some one to take off her suit case at that place, arid shortly thereafter one of the trainmen came to her and asked her if she was the lady who wished to be helped with her suit case, and upon her telling him that'she was, he took the same and carried it to the back end of the car. This was some few minutes before the train stopped, and when it did he handed it to her on the station platform, and without its leaving her possession she opened it and found that the'rings and money had been taken from the pocketbook, but that all other articles were undisturbed. The plaintiff is positive in her assertion that at the city of New York, when she boarded the train, the rings and money were in the suit case, and that it did not leave her possession until the trainman took it, and that they were in it when she delivered it to him, and were not in it when she received it from him.

The defendant introduced no evidence upon the trial explaining either that the trainman did not rifle the bag, or how or where he left it, the few minutes that it was under his control and care.

A rule of the defendant prescribed that conductors - of trains should be responsible for the movement and care of "the train and for the vigilance and conduct of the men employed thereon, and contained an admonition that the reputation of the road depended greatly upon the attention and courtesy shown to its patrons. The rule with respect to the duties of trainmen prescribed that they were subject to the orders of the conductor, and that they should, take position at the car steps to assist passengers on and off the train and generally look after their comfort.

The complaint is framed in two aspects, one charging the defendant with liability as common carrier -and the other as bailee. The decision of the learned trial court, as evidenced by his findings, places the- responsibility upon the defendant as common carrier, although in his opinion (64 Mise. Eep. 478), which we cannot consider, he speaks of negligence on the part of the defendant. •

The defendant insists that the plaintiff in surrendering her suit case to the trainman before she arrived at. the station, and permitting him to have-it in his custody before she alighted from the train, constituted him her own agent or bailee, and that such service, • to the knowledge of the plaintiff, was so far outside the scope Of his employment by the defendant that it is not responsible for his negligence, or theft, or failure to deliver back the property in the condition in which it was delivered to him.

Of course, if the trainman was the agent Or bailee of the plaintiff. and not acting as the servant of the -defendant, that is the end of the controversy and the defendant is not liable. We are of the opinion, however, that such was not the situation.' The conductor was in charge of the defendant’s train. He was under ho obligation to direct a trainman or any other person to take care of the plaintiff’s baggage. He assumed, however, to send to her one of the defendant’s employees, a trainman under his control,, and a servant of the defendant. In taking the bag from the plaintiff and thus exercising control over it he must be assumed to have acted for the defendant. Such an act was not so outside the scope of his employment as to make it an individual act of his own and constitute him the servant of the plaintiff. If this view be correct it makes no difference whether the defendant thus had possession of the plaintiff’s property as bailee or as common carrier. If such possession was as common carrier the defendant was an insurer and was bound to redeliver what it received. (Powell v. Myers, 26 Wend. 591; Merrill v. Grinnell, 30 N. Y. 594.) There being no explanation respecting the loss of the goods or endeavor to account for their non-delivery, if the defendant be deemed a bailee, the plaintiff made a prima facie case of negligence. (Fairfax v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co., 67 N. Y. 11.) Notwithstanding the rule that in case of bailment the burden is upon the bailor to establish negligence in the care of goods, an unexplained failure to deliver on demand prima facie evidence of negligence. (Claflin v. Meyer, 75 N. Y. 260.) If the plaintiff had retained the bag in her own possession and had not delivered it to the trainman the.burden would have been on her to show affirmatively that the loss of it or of its contents was the result of some negligence on the part of the defendant. The situation presented is similar to that of the liability of parlor car companies, except that those companies employ porters especially to look after the luggage of passengers who pay extra compensation to ride in their cars. Even in such case, where the passenger retains the custody of his luggage, he cannot recover for theft by a fellow-passenger or by an intruder unless lie shows negligence on the part of the employees of the car company in the management or control of the car. Where the passenger places his luggage in-the. custody of the employee, however, the company is liable not only for theft by the employee, because it is bound to employ faithful servants, but for his negligence. (4 Elliott Eailroads, § 1623.)

The ticket which the plaintiff purchased contained a provision (which the plaintiff did not observe) that no risk was assumed on' baggage except for wearing apparel of $100.in value only, and the defendant insists that the. plaintiff’s recovery, if she is entitled to recover at all, is limited to that sum,, or at most to the $150' prescribed by section 38 of the Public Service Commissions Law. (Laws of 1907, chap. 429.) The contract embraced in the ticket and the law referred, io manifestly relate to baggage which is checked and not to luggage which the .passenger personally carries and delivers temporarily to the carrier’s servant. (Holmes v. North German Lloyd S. S. Co., 184 N. Y. 280.)

While the holding of the defendant liable may be' onerous and unusual we see no escape from liability. It is true that the fastening of liability upon the defendant may open the .door to gross fraud, which will require courts in. such cases to closely'.scrutinize the evidénce. In the present case the defendant does not attack the truthfulness of the plaintiff’s testimony, assuming if she was mistaken that she was. honestly so, but relies upon its legal effect on the assumption, that it was truthful.

. The defendant further.complains of the refusal of the trial court to find certain requests respecting plaintiff’s negligence in delivering the suit ease unlocked to the trainman and that she paid him for, his services in connection therewith. If the plaintiff is entitled to recover at all she is not precluded by. the fact that she delivered unlocked a-suit case to the defendant’s servant. .Nor did the fact that she presented him with a small, amount of money establish that-he was in her employ.

. If we are correct in our views of the law it follows that the judgment must be affirmed, with costs.

All concurred, except Smith, P. J., dissenting.

Judgment affirmed, with costs..  