
    In the Matter of the Charges by the Metropolitan Street Railway Company against Benjamin Oppenheim.
    
      Disbarment of an attorney—the testimony of witnesses alleged to have been induced to testify falsely must be corroborated — competency of testimony given in an action to set aside the judgment in the action in which the perjury was committed.
    
      Semble, that an attorney should not be disbarred upon a charge of inducing witr nesses to swear falsely, solely upon the uncorroborated testimony of such witnesses.
    Where on a reference, in a proceeding for the disbarment of an attorney for suborning witnesses, such witnesses are cross-examined as to the testimony given by them on the trial of an action to set aside the judgment in the action in which they are alleged to have testified falsely,- it is proper, in order to determine whether the testimony in the action and on the reference was com tradictory, to receive in evidence the testimony given by them in the action to set aside the judgment.
    Motion by the petitioner, the Metropolitan Street Railway Company, to confirm the report of the referee in a proceeding instituted for the disbarment of Benjamin Oppenheim, an attorney and counselor at law.
    
      Henry Melville, for the motion.
    
      Clifford Wayne Hartridge, opposed.
   Ingraham, J.:

A very thorough examination of the testimony before the referee has led me to the'- conclusion that the charges áre fully sustained. No one can read this testimony, with the explanation given by the person against whom the charges are made, without being convinced that the testimony of the two witnesses, McDonnell and Langstaff, given on the trial of the action, was false; that the respondent knew that it was false; that he induced these two witnesses to testify falsely, and that he endeavored to persuade other people who had not seen the accident to testify in favor of the claim, against the railroad company. This respondent and his partner appeared as attorneys in the action of Nugent v. Metropolitan Street Railway Company, the action in which the evidence was given, and made an agreement by which they were to receive one-half of the recovery as compensation for their services, and thus became jointly interested with the plaintiff in the result of the action. The injury to recover for which that action was brought was caused by one of the street cars of the Metropolitan railroad running over a child in the street. The respondent heard of the accident from a person with whom he was taking lunch at a restaurant and immediately proceeded to call on the child’s mother' for the purpose of being employed as attorney, and obtained a contract by which he Was to receive one-half of any recovery. He then proceeded to manufacture the testimony to obtain a recovery. So far as appears, this respondent was the principal actor in starting the action and in prosecuting it to a successful termination. He employed ari Italian barber, named Peorchia, to find persons who would testify upon the trial. With Peorchia he went to see those suggested as witnesses; took affidavits from several persons, which I am satisfied were known by him to be false when verified, if they were verified; called upon others and endeavored to induce them to testify; produced upon the trial these witnesses who had been induced to testify falsely, and upon such testimony obtained a verdict. The two witnesses who testified to what they now say was untrue were girls, one fifteen and the other seventeen years of age. They testified before the referee in these proceedings that neither of them had seen the accident,' and that they so informed the respondent when he called upon them. Their testimony is corroborated by Peorchia. To induce these two witnesses to so testify the respondent appealed to their sympathies, asked them to assist the child and her mother who were poor people as against this rich railroad company ; and having induced them to consent, promptly drew up affidavits which he procured to be signed before a commissioner of deeds, and subsequently drilled these two young girls as to the testimony that they should give. To this these girls testified before the referee, and their testimony is corroborated by Peorchia. The mother of one of the girls also appeared as a witness and corroborated the story of her daughter. And that this respondent endeavored to persuade others to testify in relation to the accident, although as a fact they never saw it, is corroborated by the evidence of a person named Strom. Strom testified that the respondent asked him whether he had seen the accident, to which Strom replied, “ No, sir; I was out on the sidewalk at the time doing some work, but I had my back turned toward the accident. He (respondent) says could you not just as well say that you seen it ? I told him No, I would not have anything to do with him after he said that. So he says something about the company being rich and gave me a history about we were Yehoodum, which means Jews — both Jews.” This is corroborated by Peorchia, who was present at the interview.

It is unnecessary to go over this testimony in detail. It is enough to say that we are fully satisfied with the conclusion to which the referee arrived.

The learned counsel for the respondent insists most strenuously, in his argument before us, that as the public. press have detailed many attempts of the agents of this railroad company to' commit similar crimes to that alleged against the respondent, this, in some way, should palliate the respondent’s offense, We are not engaged in this.proceeding in protecting the rights of the Metropolitan Railroad Company. This respondent, an officer of the court, who has accepted the responsibility and obligations of an attorney of this court, is before- us, charged with a most serious offense, not only against the rules and ethics of his profession, but against the criminal law of the State, for his own pecuniary advantage. We realize perfectly the rule •—■ and should be disposed to enforce it in this case — that this respondent should not be convicted of these charges solely upon the uncorroborated evidence of the two witnesses who now testify that at his procurement they swore falsely upon the trial of the action of Nugent v. Metropolitan Street Railway Company, but we think the testimony of these witnesses was amply corroborated by sufficient and credible evidence. It is true that Peorchia was to some extent an accomplice of the respondent in procuring this false testimony. He was, however, an Italian, without much education, and he took but little part in inducing the witnesses to testify falsely. His guilt is certainly not equal to that of the respondent, who was given, by virtue of his position as an attorney at law, authority in dealing with people of this character, and it was by virtue of the authority that he acquired because of his professional position that, according to the testimony of these girls and the mother of one of them, they were induced to accede to his request. But the extent of corroboration required in a proceeding of this kind is not that every act of the person charged should be corroborated by independent testimony, but that there should be independent testimony which tends to corroborate the truth of the charge, and there is such independent testimony in this case. Strom expressly testifies that the respondent endeavored to induce him to swear to what was not true and to swear that he saw things which he did not see. If there could be no convictions in cases of this kind unless the person who was induced to swear falsely was directly corroborated by a witness who heard the conversation, a person charged with such a crime would be perfectly safe so long as he could induce his accomplice to only communicate with him ■when no others were present.

The respondent also relies upon the minor contradictions that appear in the cross-examination of these witnesses and the stories told by them; but, when we remember the character of the witnesses, the fact of their inferior mental development and their inexperience in proceedings of this kind, it is rather surprising that they stood the severe cross-examination to which they were subjected as well as they did.

There are several rulings upon evidence to which the respondent objects, but we do not find that in any of them there was error. The testimony of McDonnell and Langstaff taken before a former referee in an action to set aside the judgment in the Nugent case was admitted by the referee, but only after a large part of this evidence had been read by respondent upon the cross-examination of these two witnesses, and it certainly was not improper for him to allow the evidence that they actually gave to be introduced so as to have it before him in determining whether that testimony before the former referee was contradicted by the testimony upon the present hearing. Nothing appears to show that the referee used the testimony, taken before the former referee or that it influenced him in any way in arriving at his conclusion. Assuming that it was entirely incompetent as against the respondent, it has not been before us upon this application, and we have confined our finding entirely to the evidence that was taken before the referee in this proceeding. It is needless further to discuss the evidence in this case. The respondent, a member of the bar, has grossly abused his position, has been guilty of an offense which by the law of this State is a felony and should be no longer permitted to disgrace the profession.

The application should, therefore, be granted and .the respondent disbarred.

Van Brunt, P. J.-, Patterson and McLaughlin, JJ., concurred.

Van Brunt, P. J. (concurring):

I concur. The evidence shows that the respondent is absolutely unworthy of credit, and is in no respect to be believed under oath. When he desired to be admitted to the bar, he swore falsely that he was^ a resident of Brooklyn, and when he desired to bring an action in Queeno county he swore that he was a resident of that county, whereas during all that time he resided in Few York. These facts admitted by him are alone sufficient to justify his disbarment.

Application granted and respondent disbarred.  