
    Fourth Department.
    June Term. 1896.
    In the Matter of the Application of the City of Rochester to Acquire Land for Park Purposes. William H. Robinson. Appellant; Mary Martin, Respondent.
    Order affirmed, with costs and disbursements, on the opinion of the referee. The following is the opinion of the referee:
   P. M. French, Referee :

In 1859 five persons, who were the heirs at law of Nathaniel Hall, owned the premises taken by the city for park purposes in this proceeding, including the premises in dispute as well as other adjoining land The premises in dispute, the title to which is claimed by William H. Robinson and also by Mary Martin, are situate between the boulevard leading from Rochester to Charlotte and the top of the high bank on the west side of the Genesee river. In .1804 the said heirs at law of Nathaniel Hall convoyed to Samuel Donnelly a portion of the land owned by them, by the following description: “All that tract or parcel of land situate in the town of Greece, being in township number one; beginning at the northwest corner of lot No. 2, running thence east to the top of the hank of the Genesee river ; thence southeasterly, along the top of the bank, to a point that a line parallel with the north line would contain ten acres; thence westerly, along said line, to the river road, known as Lake avenue; thence northerly along the line of said highway to the place of beginning; containing ten acres and no more.” By mesne conveyances the claimant Mary Martin has succeeded to the title so conveyed to Donnelly. The top of the high bank referred to in this description is irregular, and- the question to be decided here involves the location of the east line of the premises. If that line follows the course of the top of the high bank of the river in all its irregularities, the disputed land was conveyed to Donnelly and the claim of Mary Martin is substantiated. If, however, on the contrary, that line is a straight line, as is claimed by the claimant William H. Robinson, such eastern boundary would exclude a'id cut off the disputed land, which contains about one acre, and projects easterly to follow the course of the river at that point, and to which the said William H. Robinson claims title through mesne conveyances from the said heirs of Nathaniel Hall, all executed and delivered after the deed to Donnelly. The description in the deed to Donnelly, above quoted, is unambiguous, very plain and easily understood, and there would seem to be no room for conjecture as to the intent of the grantors, or for construction of the language used so far as the eastern boundary is concerned.

Applying the elementary principle, that distances, courses and quantities must yield to natural monuments and objects, the east line of the premises conveyed to Donnelly ..must be held to be the top of the high bank, following all its irregularities. The course “thence southeasterly” is described and accurately fixed by the words following:: “Along the top of the bank,” which described a natural monument or course marked on the land itself.

The exception to this rule concerning natural monuments, referred to in Higinbotham v. Stoddard (72 N. Y. 99), and similar cases, has no application here, because, if for no other reason, the course of the eastern boundary in the Donnelly deed is not accurately given in the deed; it is simply “ southeasterly,” which might be any course between due south and due east, were it not for the following language in the same sentence defining and locating it as “along the top of the bank.” As I understood the argument of counsel for the claimant William H. Robinson, it is that the south line of the premises conveyed to Donnelly, was, at the time of the deed to him, practically located on the ground by actual survey and then agreed upon as it is now located, and that it is located too far south to include “ton acres and no more” within the boundary lines. To sustain this argument two things are necessary: First. the west and north boundary lines muse be taken to be the center of the adjacent highways and not their exterior lines; and, second, to show title to the disputed land in the claimant William H. Robinson, the boundary line to be changed must be the easterly and not the southerly line, that is, the easterly boundary line, instead of following the high hank, must be a straight line extending from the northern to the southern boundary and reaching its southern limit at a point distant about 100 feet westerly from the top of the high bank. Various measurements have been made and maps prepared and given in evidence, showing that if that were done the included land would be ten acres.

Much evidence has been taken up in the attempt to locate the starting point in the Donnelly deed, which is the northwest corner of lot 2, in the center of Lake avenue and the Handford Landing road, or at the intersection of their exterior lines. The question is not without its difficulties, but the controlling fact which has led me to believe that the northwest corner of lot 2 is not in the center of those highways is, that the parties to the Donnelly deed, after causing the ten acres to be surveyed at the time of the conveyance, located the south line of the premises so far south that it is necessary to exclude the highway in order to include no more than ten acres and at the same time have the east line follow the top of the high bank. The description used does not in terms include any portion of the highways unless the northwest corner of lot 2 is in the center of the highway. Such language is used that, under the authorities, the presumption would he that the highways were intended to be conveyed, but that presumption is rebutted in this case because it that by excluding the highways and following the top of the high bank for the eastern boundary and leaving the southern line as located, just ten acres are included. (Mott v. Mott, 68 N. Y. 253; Hussner v. Brooklyn City R R. Co , 96 id. 23.) And, second, if any line is to be changed it must be the southern line. That is the line which is to be so drawn as to include “ ten acres and no more ” In no event could the line be diverted from the top of the high bank, because it is located there by the terms of the deed. The intention of the heirs of Nathaniel Hall to so locate that line, and their belief that they had so done, and that the southeast corner of the land conveyed to Donnelly rested on the high bank, is shown beyond a doubt by the fact that in May, 1865, about five months after their deed to Donnelly, they conveyed to James H. Shanley lands adjoining these on the south, and described the easterly boundary of Shanley’s land as extending along the top of said (high) bank, to the southeast corner of lands sold by the parties of the first part to Samuel ; thence west, along said Donnelly’s south line, to the River Road known as Lake Avenue.” If Donnelly’s southeast were about 100 feet westerly from the high bank, of course the description in the Shanley deed would be erroneous. The fact that the top of the high bank of the river at these premises has been changed by means of quarrying carried on there, or for any other cause, can make no difference in the location of the land conveyed. Such fact simply renders proof of location more now than it otherwise would have been. Donnelly and his grantees have always to the high bank, and it must be held that Mary Martin owned the land in dispute and is entitled to the money representing it which has been deposited to await the of this reference. Another fact which is perhaps not controlling, but is at the same time not -without its significance is, that if counsel for the claimant William H. were right and the south line must be moved about forty feet northerly to include with the highways just ten acres, still the disputed land would not belong to Mr. because of the Shanley deed above to, which has for its northerly boundary the southerly boundary in the Donnelly deed ; and further, there is no other party • to this proceeding claiming to own this land.  