
    JOHN A. LYNCH, PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT, v. NELLIE ELLEN McDERMOTT, DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT.
    Submitted May 12, 1933
    Decided September 16, 1933.
    
      Before Justices Parker, Lloyd and Perskie.
    Eor the appellant, David Schneiderman (Irving Charles Picker, of counsel).
    Eor the respondent, Reginald V. Spell.
    
   The opinion of the court was delivered by

Pekskie, J.

The facts are stipulated. The plaintiff, on November 27th, 1931, at seven-thirty p. M., while dark, as an express invitee of the defendant, while leaving her home at 135 West Twenty-fifth street, Bayonne, New Jersey, slipped on a coating of ice which had formed on the front steps of the defendant’s home. It appears that on the day before the accident, November 2Cth, 1931, snow and rain had fallen. It continued to snow and rain until the early hours of November 27th, 1931. Defendant knew that ice had formed on the front steps of her homo. It did not snow or rain from the early hours of November 27th, 1931, until the time of the accident, seven-thirty p. m. of said day. Defendant did nothing to remedy this condition until after the happening of the said accident, for, as she says, she was waiting for her son-in-iaw to come home. When the plaintiff entered the house he did so by the side entrance. When he was about to leave, defendant requested him to leave by the front door entrance. He did so. The court below in his certification of findings states that the judgment was entered in favor of the defendant and against the plaintiff, for the following reason: “The defendant was under no duty to the plaintiff to remove the snow or ice from the steps of her premises.” This ruling is before us. We hold that it was erroneous. The facts in the instant case are strikingly similar to the facts in the case of Cooper v. Reinhardt, 91 N. J. L. 402. In the latter case the .facts were as follows:

The plaintiff entered the defendant’s premises about three-thirty p. m. The entrance was by means of six steps and a platform leading to the bar room door. It had been snowing and snow and slush were on the steps and platform. About that time it stopped snowing and grew colder. The defendant knew that the platform and steps needed cleaning and had caused them to be cleaned about three P. m., before, the plaintiff entered. Nothing further was done in the way of cleaning or earing for them until five forty-five p. M., when the hotel porter again began to clean them. The defendant himself described what then occurred. He said: “I saw he was cleaning up and went and got him to go to supper. I don’t know whether he did anything .about them.” About seven p. m. the plaintiff started to leave the premises and slipped on a coating of frozen snow or ice and fell. The testimony also tended to show that the snow and slush which had accumulated when the plaintiff entered had not been removed.

The court, in an opinion by Mr. Justice Trenchard, held: “This testimony justifies the finding of the trial judge that the defendant failed to use ordinary care in keeping the entrance platform and steps reasonably safe on the occasion in question and that this caused the-plaintiff’s injury.” “We also think that it cannot be said as a matter of law that the plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence.” “The fact that plaintiff noticed when he entered the defendant’s premises that there was snow upon the steps and platform, is not conclusive evidence that he was not in the exercise of reasonable care in attempting to use the steps and platform several hours afterwards. Andrew v. Mertens, 88 N. J. L. 626; Dewire v. Bailey, 131 Mass. 169; Evans v. Utica, 69 N. Y. 166.” “The plaintiff had a right to suppose, and, no doubt, did suppose, that the defendant had performed his duty with respect to this exit. The plaintiff had entered the premises several hours before, and meanwhile it had grown dark, and it is by no means certain that he saw the snow and ice as he started out.”

The only difference between Cooper v. Reinhardt, supra, ease and the instant case is that in the former the premises consisted of a hotel while in the instant ease the premises consisted of a private dwelling. The plaintiff came to the house of the defendant at the express request of the defendant. Whether the plaintiff came as a social guest (Morril v. Morril, 104 N. J. L. 557) or for other reasons, as, for example, business, it was the duty of the person in control of the premises and extending the invitation, to keep the premises reasonably safe. The premises may be unsafe and even unreasonably so, without any default on the part of the owner. It is the rule of reasonable care that is applicable. The trial judge, by his certification, held that the defendantappellee was under no duty in the premises. This is clearly not so. Whether the defendant-appellee discharged her duty in the premises; whether the plaintiff-appellant was guilty of contributory negligence were factual, and thus necessary of determination before the legal principle involved was applied. It may well be that these questions were so determined by the judge and that as a result of that determination he reached the legal conclusion that the defendantappellee was under no duty in the premises. Be that as it may the record submitted discloses no such determination. We are bound by the record.

Judgment is reversed.  