
    Willis vs. Green.
    Where two persons, not partners, endorse a note payable to their order, they can. not be made liable unless notice of non-payment be given to each; though otherwise, if they be partners.
    If one of such endorsers die before the note falls due, no recovery can be had against the survivor without showing that the estate of his co-endorser was duly charged with notice. Semble ; per Nelson, Ch. J.
    But where, it appeared that, after the note fell due, the surviving endorser took from the maker a bond and warrant of attorney to secure the payment of the note, and that he had collected thereon nearly the amount; held, an admission by him that the proper steps had been taken to charge both endorsers.
    In order to charge the endorser of a note made by two or more persons, not partners, a demand must be made of both makers. Per Nelson, Ch. J.
    Assumpsit, tried at the Herkimer circuit, in September, 1834, before Denio, C. Judge. The action was by John R. Willis against Lester Green, on a promissory note in these words: “ By the first of January next, I promise to pay John R. Willis, to the order of Smith Johnson and Lester Green, at the bank of Utica, in the village of Utica, four hundred and seventy-four dollars and ten cents, for value rec’d. Little Falls, August 29th, 1827. (Signed) E. C. Pinney.” (Endorsed) “ Smith Johnson. Lester Green.” The declaration described the note as payable to the plaintiff, and averred, among other things, that it was endorsed to him by Johnson and Green, whereby they ordered the contents to be paid &c.; concluding with the usual promise to pay. On the trial, the making and endorsement of the note were proved. It was also shown that the note was duly protested for non-payment on the 4th of January, 1828, and that on the same day notice of non-payment was sent by mail to each of the endorsers, directed to Little Falls. It further appeared that, when the note was given, Johnson resided in the town of Salisbury, Herkimer county, about eight miles from Little Falls, where he remained until the time of his death, which took place on the 27th of December, 1827, a few days before the note fell due. There was a post-office in Salisbury about one mile and a half from Johnson’s residence. Green resided at Little Falls. Johnson died intestate and insolvent, and no letters of administration were granted till after the note fell due. The noté was put' into the hands of an at-, torney for collection, and, before .commencing a suit, Pinney and Green were called on for payment; whereupon they went to the attorney’s office; and Pinney éxecuted to Green a bond and warrant of attorney for the purpose of securing payment of the note in question and other demands which Green held against Pinney, amounting in the aggregate to about $770. Judgment was entered on the bond and warrant, and $601,68 collected thereon by the sheriff and paid over to Green in July, 1828.
    ■ The defendant’s counsel objected that the plaintiff was not entitled to recover, on the ground “ that the proofs did not sustain the promises laid in the declaration; that the parol promises proved, if any, were void by the statute of frauds; and that the note was not such a one as Would authorize a recovery against the defendant under the. proof.”
    By consent of the counsel for both parties, the jury rendered a verdict in favor of the plaintiff for $700,78, subject to the opinion of this court on a case, with liberty to either party to turn the same into a bill of exceptions or special verdict.
    
      C. P. Kirkland, for the plaintiff.
    
      J. A. Spencer, for the defendant.
   By the Court, Nelson, Ch. J.

It has already been decided in this case that the suit was properly brought in the name of the plaintiff, as Johnson and Green were the payees of the note, and the legal title properly derivable through them by the endorsement. ( Willis v. Green, 10 Wend. 516.)

If notice of protest be material to charge Green as co-payee and endorser, it is equally important that it should be brought home to Johnson before either can be made liable. They were not partners, and therefore notice to one will not answer. It xvas once supposed, in a like case, that the endorsers were partners quoad the particular transaction; (Carvick v. Vickery, 2 Doug. 653, n.;) but that doctrine was repudiated when the case afterwards came on for trial before Lord Mansfield. (Id. 654.) It has ever since been the settled commercial rule that co-payees, not partners, must each endorse in order to negotiate the paper. (Chitty On Bills, 66, 67, 254, ed. of 1840.) It would seem consistently if not necessarily to follow from this doctrine, that their interests, though joint as to the remedies against them on the paper, are so far distinct and separate as it respects each other, that notice of the default of the maker should be given to both. In the ordinary case of a partnership the interest is not only ¡joint, but each member is a general agent of the concern; and hence notice to one is notice to all. But here no such agency exists, as is sufficiently shown from the fact that each party must act for himself in the negotiation of the note.

I do not see but the case of joint endorsers, not partners, stands on the same footing as that of joint makers of a note who are not .partners; and in respect to them it is settled that presentment must be made to each, in order to charge the endorser. The argument is about as strong both upon reason and analogy in favor of giving effect to a demand upon one of the co-makers, as it is in favor of giving effect to .a notice to one of the co-endorsers. The question has been very fully and satisfactorily examined by the supreme court of errors in Connecticut, and a decision made in conformity with these views. (Shepherd v. Hawley, 1 Conn. Rep. 367.)

The plaintiff failed to show that the estate of Johnson had been charged by notice of non-payment. If the notice relied on for that purpose had been sent to the proper place, no doubt it would have been sufficient, under the circumstances of this case, though directed to Johnson after his death. (Stewart v. Eden, 2 Caines, 121; The Merchant's Bank v. Birch, 17 John. 25.) . But the notice was sent to Little Falls,' instead of Salisbury where Johnson resided; and if there were, nothing else in. the case, I think the failure to charge the estate by due notice, would operate a discharge of both endorsers. It clearly would if both were living, as a joint action could not, in such case, he sustained upon the note. And although the remedy at law survives against Green alone, yet as he is entitled to contribution from the estate of his co-endorser, it seems to me equally obligatory upon the holder to prove that both were charged, or rather that the estate of the deceased was charged, so as to secure the remedy over. Otherwise, the whole debt would fall upon the survivor. The question, however, is not without its difficulties, and it is unnecessary now to decide it.

I think enough was shown, within the doctrine of the case of Tebbetts v. Dowd, (23 Wend. 379,) to establish the fact, as against the defendant, that all the necessary steps had been taken by the holder to charge both endorsers. After the note fell due and had been placed in the hands of an attorney for collection, on being called upon for payment, the maker gave Green security for his liability upon this very note, and he has since collected a part of the money thus secured to he paid, thereby fully admitting his liability and consequently that the proper steps had been taken-to charge him as endorser. The moneys received by Green may not be quite sufficient to cover the whole amount of the note in question and the other liabilities for which security was taken; but unless he was duly charged, why take security at all as respects the note, and follow it up by receiving a considerable sum applicable to it? The money realized upon the security falls short only some $170 of covering the whole amount of the liabilities for which it was given, including the note. The case of Gunson v. Metz, (1 Barn. & Cress. 193,) is a strong authority upon this point. That was a suit by the endorsee against the drawer of' a bill of exchange. No notice of dishonor was proved, but, to supply the defect, the plaintiff proved that, after the bill fell due, the drawer entered into an agreement with oneKinnear, a prior endorsee, by which, after reciting that the drawer had endorsed and drawn various hills of exchange (one of them being the bill in question) which were then overdue, and which were or ought to be in the hands of Kinnear, it was agreed by the latter that he would receive the moneys due upon said bills in weekly instalments, &c. Abbott, Ch. J. held, that the recital in the agreement was an acknowledgment by the defendant that he was in such á situation, as to be liable to pay the bill, and consequently that he had received notice of dishonor. This decision was afterwards confirmed by the K. B, In the case in hand the defendant admitted his liability, took security from the maker to indemnify him,, and has actually realized thereon most of the money which he •now refuses to apply.

Judgment for the plaintiff. 
      
      
         See The Cayuga County Bank v. Bennett and others, executors &c., (post, p. 236.)
     