
    The People of the State of New York ex rel. The Commissioners of Public Charities and Correction, Appellants, v. William Cullen, Respondent.
    
      Disorderly person—failure to support a wife — special proceedings by the Oonvmissioners of Public Qhwrities, not affected by the provisions of a decree of separation, in reference to alimony — right of appeal in such a proceeding.
    
    A decree of separation from bed and board, obtained by a wife, which gives her no alimony, but provides that, in the event of the pecuniary circumstances and rendition of the defendant becoming materially changed, touching his ability to support the wife, an application may. be made at the foot of the decree in reference to the support of the wife (although an application has been subsequently made under the provisions of such-decree for the support of the wife by the defendant and has been denied), is not a bar to proceedings instituted by the Commissioners of Public Charities and Correction against the husband on a charge that he is a disorderly person in that he has abandoned his wife without adequate support and left her in danger of becoming a burden upon the public.
    
      Semble, that this is so, although the wife may be entirely unwilling that such proceedings should be instituted against her husband.
    The right to review by appeal was, by the' provisions of chapter 1, title 2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, substituted for the review by the writ of certiorari which had existed in reference to special proceedings of a criminal nature previous to the enactment of that Code.
    Appeal by the relatórs, The Commissioners of Public Charities and Correction, from an order of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace for the city and county of New York, entered in .the office of the clerk of said court on the 24tli day of June, 1895, reversing, vacating and setting aside an order and judgment of the Court of Special Sessions, which confirmed an order made by a police justice of the city of New York, adjudging the defendant to be a disorderly person.
    
      Percy McElrath, for the appellants.
    
      Payson Merrill, for the respondent.
   Van Brunt, P. J.:

This proceeding was brought at the instance of the above-named relators against the above-named defendant on the ground that he was a disorderly person, in that he had abandoned his wife in the city of New York without adequate support, and left her in danger of becoming a burden upon the public, and had neglected to provide for her according to his means. A warrant for his arrest was issued on the 28th of May, 1894, by Police Justice Ryan, who, on that day, took under oath the examination of Eliza Cullen, the wife, and William Cullen, the defendant. The police justice adjudged tire defendant to be a disorderly person, as charged, and ordered him to pay, or cause to be paid to the relators, the sum of eight dollars per week for the period of one year. On the same day the defendant appealed, and on the twentieth of June the said appeal came on for hearing at the Court of Special Sessions, by which court the order of the police justice was affirmed. An appeal was thereupon taken to the Court of General Sessions, and on the twenty-fourth of June an order was made reversing, vacating and setting aside the order of conviction and judgment. And from this order of the Court of General Sessions the relators have appealed to this court.

It appears from the record that the complainant and the defendant lived together from 1862 to 1868, when the complainant left the defendant, and that ten years later she brought an action against him for limited divorce and alimony. . The result of such action was a decree of separation from bed and board, but in consequence of the pecuniary condition of the defendant no alimony was decreed.

A provision was attached to the judgment that, in the event of the pecuniary circumstances and condition of the defendant becoming materially changed, touching his ability to support the complainant, an application might be made at the foot of the judgment by any party in interest for a modification of the judgment touching the support of the plaintiff. In 1881, an application was made for support at the foot of such judgment, which was granted, and a referee was appointed to ascertain the amount of the defendant’s property and income. An appeal having been taken to the General Term, the order granting the' application was reversed and the motion to open the judgment and for alimony and counsel fee was denied.

The learned judge, in the Court of General Sessions, in determining the question before him, held that these proceedings in the action for a separation were a bar to the present application. In this view we are unable to concur. By the decree of separation there was no termination of the marital relation existing between the parties to the action.. They continued to be husband and wife, although the judgment did determine that in October, 1868, the defendant abandoned and failed to provide the plaintiff with the necessaries of life'and refused ¡and neglected to provide for her support.

It is apparent under these circumstances that the defendant was a disorderly person .under section 899 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. That section describes^ among. others, disorderly persons as persons who. actually abandon their wives or children without adequate support, or who leave them in danger of becoming a burden upon the public, or who neglect to provide for them according to their means. The record shows beyond question that the defendant had abandoned his wife without any means of support whatever, and that she was in danger of becoming a burden upon the public unless she was able to sustain herself by her own efforts, which she seems to have done for a number of years. With the provision, or rather the want of provision, in the judgment entered in the separation action, in respect to alimony the relators in this action have nothing to do. A disorderly person is defined by the statute ; and all that the- court determined in the separation proceeding is that it would not decree that the defendant should contribute to the support of his wife. If he abandoned his wife without adequate support, he became under the statute á disorderly person; and the fact that some other court failed to do its duty certainly cannot absolve the defendant from the offense against the .law which he has commited. That is a question between the People of the State and one of its citizens. It might be that the wife' would be entirely unwilling that this proceeding should be instituted; but the relators owed a duty to the public to see to it that deserted wives and children should not become public charges, but that the duties imposed by law upon those responsible for their support should be performed. So in the case at bar the defendant was under the legal obligation of supporting the wife whom he has abandoned. His failure to do so made him a disorderly person and the Commissioners of Charities and Correction had a right to proceed against him as such.

It is urged upon the part of the appellant that no demand having been made by the complainant for support there was no criminal intent, and consequently the defendant could not be guilty of a crime. It appears from this record that the complainant was using every means in her power to compel him to support her. She asked for support in the separation proceeding, and for some unexplained reason her demand seems never to have received the slightest recognition; and it was only after she was unable to support herself that these proceedings were initiated. It can hardly be claimed under these circumstances that the defendant was ignorant of the desire upon the part of the plaintiff that he should contribute to her support. •

. In regard to the question of the appealability of this order by the relators, that point was determined upon the motion to dismiss the •appeal. The court held that under section 515 of chapter 1 of title 2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure writs of error and certiorari in criminal actions and special proceedings of a criminal nature, as they had theretofore existed, were abolished, and that thereafter the •only method of reviewing judgments or orders made in criminal actions or special proceedings of a criminal nature was by appeal; and that the subsequent provisions of that chapter in regard to appeals in criminal actions was in no way intended to take away the right of review which had previously existed in reference to special proceedings of a criminal nature.

The order appealed from should be reversed, with costs.

Williams, Patterson, O’Brien and Ingraham, JJ., concurred.

Order reversed, with costs.  