
    Matter of the Estate of Collis P. Huntington, Deceased.
    (Surrogate’s Court, New York County,
    December, 1902.)
    Surrogate’s Court — Who may compel an inventory — Lack of jurisdiction as to a disputed claim.
    Only a creditor of, or a person interested in, the estate of a decedent can compel his executors to file an inventory.
    A person who alleges that he is a stockholder in a corporation out of which the testator as officer and director improperly made large profits — for which the applicant has sued in its behalf because the corporation would not sue — is not a creditor of the estate nor interested in it and therefore cannot compel the executors of it to file an inventory.
    
      Semlle, that there is no general power, apart from the statute, in the surrogate to order an inventory to be filed and that if he has any discretion in the matter it should not be exercised to order one where the claim upon which the application rests is disputed and unproved.
    The surrogate cannot try and determine a disputed claim.
    Application for an order requiring the executors of testator to file an inventory of his estate.
    Robert L. Cutting, for petitioner.
    Maxwell Evarts, for executors.
   Thomas, S.

The petitioner seeks to obtain an order requiring the executors of the testator to file an inventory of his estate. In the petition he alleges that he “ has a large claim against the estate which he is diligently prosecuting,” but no other particulars of his claim are set forth. In the affidavit upon which his order to show cause is based he sets forth the grounds of his claim and cause of action to be as follows:

The petitioner is, and since 1894 has been, a stockholder of the Central Pacific Railroad Company. He says that during the years 1865, or thereabout, to 1898, or thereabout,” the testator was an officer and director of said company, and that he, together with Lelancl Stanford, Charles Crocker, Mark Hopkins, and others, controlled its business and corporate acts; and that he and his associates were also interested, during those years, in the Contract and Finance Company and the Pacific Improvement Company. On behalf of the Central Pacific Eailroad Company the testator and his associates entered into contracts with themselves, acting under cover of the said companies, for the construction and equipment of the Central Pacific Eailroad, and the said construction companies profited by said contracts to the extent of $125,000,000. On these facts the petitioner has made demand on the board of directors of the Central Pacific Eailroad Company to bring suit against the estate of the testator for an accounting and for a decree that the executors of said estate pay over “ to the Central Pacific Eailroad Company” such sum as shall be found due on said accounting. Ho such action having been brought by the company, the petitioner has commenced an action for the same relief, which is now pending in the Supreme Court.

If all of these facts are true, and if they are sufficiently stated, and if the action in the Supreme Court shall end in a decree awarding the relief the petitioner seeks, the petitioner is not and will not become a creditor of the estate of the testator. The creditor is the Central Pacific Eailroad Company; the only decree that the Supreme Court is asked to make is that payment be made to it; it, and not the petitioner, can alone release the claim, and the circumstance that the rules of equity as administered in the Supreme Court permit the petitioner, in an action in which it is made a party, to assert and litigate its claim, does not have the effect of making the petitioner the owner of the claim or the creditor. In Pendle v. Waite, 3 Dem. 261, it was alleged that the petitioner was a partner of a son of the decedent; that his partner, without his knowledge or consent, paid $10,000 out of the assets of the firm to the decedent, when the actual debt to him did not exceed $100; that this payment was fraudulent and void as to him and the firm creditors, and that “ the said firm or its legal representatives ” had a valid claim against the estate for said sum of $10,000. It was held by Eollins, S., that these facts did not make the petitioner a creditor, so as to entitle him to an order requiring the executor to file an inventory, and it was said that “ it is not enough for him to aver that some person other than himself is a creditor, even though the allegation to that effect is undisputed.” The definition of the word “ creditor” in section 2514 of the Code of Civil Procedure is not entirely full, hut it does not aid the petitioner. He is not a “ person having such a claim or demand,” since his claim is subordinate to that of the corporation. The principle that would extend the rights of a creditor to him would also include a person having a power of attorney from the creditor, limited to the commencement of an action in the Supreme Court, in his name, and for a specially defined form of relief.

The petitioner’s claim is disputed and denied. I am without jurisdiction to try and determine the issues raised, or to adjudge the petitioner to be a creditor of the estate of the testator, even if his allegations, uncontradicted, would make him a creditor. I am, therefore, precluded from awarding him a remedy which he has no right to demand unless he is a creditor. Matter of Whitehead, 38 App. Div. 319; Matter of Wagner, 119 N. Y. 28, affg. 52 Hun, 23.

The respondent concedes that, until his claim has been reduced to judgment, he has no strict legal right, but he argues that, under the general power of a surrogate to direct and control the conduct of executors and administrators, I may and should require the filing of an inventory, as a duty imposed by statute upon all executors. In support of this contention he cites Thomson v. Thomson, 1 Bradf. 24 (1849) ; Cotterell v. Brock, id. 148 (1850) ; Forsyth v. Burr, 37 Barb. 540 (1862) ; Creamer v. Waller, 2 Dem. 351 (1884). Other and later decisions may be found to the same effect, but they all rest on the cases decided by Surrogate Bradford in 1849 and 1850, without discussion as to the reasons for the rule. Surrogate Bradford discusses the practice of the English ecclesiastical courts, which was, of course, based on special powers belonging to them not at all applicable here, and rests his decision on a provision of the Revised Statutes then in force. This provision of law was repealed when the Code of Civil Procedure took effect, on September 1, 1880, but it does not seem to have been noticed that these early cases were thus rendered obsolete. The power of control by a surrogate over executors and administrators is, by the Code of Civil Procedure, required to be exercised in the cases, and in the manner prescribed by statute.” § 2472. Section 2716 prescribes the only cases in which the filing of an inventory may be compelled, and it can now only be done on the application of a creditor or person interested in the estate.”

The purpose of filing an inventory is to give information to the parties having interest in the assets. Even if a discretionary power could he spelled out from the statute, to require the exhibition of the affairs of the estate on' the request of a person holding an unproved and disallowed demand, such discretion should be exercised only where the surrogate is satisfied that the claim is probably meritorious, and that the opposition to it is vexatious and probably unreasonable. The facts disclosed by the affidavits submitted on this application do not lead me to any such conclusion, and, if I have such a discretionary power, I refuse to exercise it.

The application is denied.

Application denied.  