
    Chester v. Jumel et al.
    
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department.
    
    May 24, 1889.)
    1. Attorney and Client—Champerty.
    An agreement between an attorney and the heirs of real property adversely held, by which the attorney is to take measures by legal proceedings, or otherwise, to recover the property, the costs and disbursements to be borne by him, in consideration of an interest of 47% per cent, in what should be so realized, is sanctioned by Code Civil Proc. R. Y. § 66, providing that an attorney’s compensation is governed by agreement, which is not restrained by law; and is not prohibited by section 73, forbidding the purchase by an attorney of any bond, note, draft, book-debt, or other chose in action with the intent and purpose of bringing an action thereon.
    2. Same.
    Nor is it affected by 3 Rev. St. (6th Ed.) p. 970, § 6, making it a misdemeanor to buy, sell, promise or covenant to convey, a pretended right or title to lands or tenements.
    3. Same—Agreement for Contingent Interest in Property.
    Such agreement provided that “it is besides understood that each of the parties shall be free to sell his share of the said rights at a discount, * * * or to preserve all his rights up to the time of the final settlement. ” Held, that the attorney had authority to make an agreement with a third person, before any of the property had been recovered, to give the latter a portion of the 47% per cent, in consideration of his assistance in recovering the property.
    4. Same—Action Concerning—Parties.
    After the property had been recovered, and was held by a trustee, suit was brought by the third person, with whom the attorney had made the above agreement, to enforce his rights to the portion transferred to him out of the attorney’s interest. The attorney had made similar contracts with other persons, between some of whom conflicting equities existed. Held, that all such persons, as well as the heirs, were properly made parties defendant, in order that their claims might be adjusted and determined by the judgment.
    5. Same—Mortgage Security.
    The attorney agreed with defendant C. to pay him for his services out of the 47% per cent, a certain sum, if all the property should be recovered, but if only a part should be recovered, then to pay him a proportionate amount, and for C.’s security the attorney by the contract “mortgaged and pledged” his interest in the property. Held, that C. was entitled to be allowed out of the proceeds of the property the sum ascertained to be due him, the mortgage security being no objection to such allowance.
    6. Same—Duty to Pile Mortgage.
    Such agreement was not required to be. filed in order to protect it, under 3 Rev. St. N. Y. (6th Ed.) p. 143, § 9, relating to filing chattel mortgages.
    7. Same—Interest.
    Interest was properly allowed under such agreement from the date of the last adjustment or acquisition of the property in favor of the heirs.
    8. Same—Construction of Agreement.
    The attorney made an agreement with defendant S., in consideration of his services, “ at the request of ” the attorney, “ and in behalf of said heirs and next of kin, ” to pay him a certain sum, which “ is" hereby made a lien upon any moneys or property which” the attorney “may receive for said heirs at law, ” etc. “It is further agreed that this agreement'shall bind the heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns of the respective parties hereto. ” The agreement was signed by the attorney and S. Held, that this was not an attempt to bind the heirs of the property, but related only to the share to which the attorney would be entitled.
    9. Same—Interest.
    It was error to allow interest on the agreed amount from the date of the agreement ; it being apparent that payment was not to be made until the recovery by the attorney of his share of the property, and there could be no default until then.
    10. Same—Construction of Agreement.
    The original contract between the attorney and the heirs contained some expressions indicating that the establishment of the heirs’ title to the property by litigation was the event upon which the attorney should become entitled to the 47% per cent., but a power of attorney, executed by the heirs to him at the same time, fully authorized him, in respect of proceedings to recover the property, to negotiate, compromise, and give effect to and carry out all compromises he might make, and to enter into any amicable arrangements. Litigation was begun, but before the title was judicially determined compromises were made with the adverse claimants, by which the heirs received a portion of the property, and abandoned further contest. Held, that the attorney then became entitled to the agreed share.
    11. Same—Value of Property.
    In 1882 the property recovered was conveyed to a trustee for the benefit of all the parties interested. Its value at that time was about $150,000, but when it was sold by the trustee in 1888 its value had increased to $340,000. Held, that the attorney’s stare was to be ascertained from the latter amount.
    Appeal from judgment on report of referee.
    Action by Stephen M. Chester against Francois Henry Jumel and others. The facts are fully stated in the opinion.
    Argued before Van Brunt, P. J., and Brady and Daniels, JJ.
    
      
      Everett P. Wheeler and John J. MacMin, for appellants. Douglas Camp-hell and Edward Winslow Paige, for respondent.
   Daniels, J.

The object of the action was to procure a sale and disposition of real estate, and the application of its proceeds, and of money already received, to the payment of assignments and charges alleged to have been created against 47per cent, of the property. It was a part of the estate of Stephen Jumel, who died in the city of Hew York in 1832. He was the owner of property situated upon or near Washington Heights, and the appellants, being his heirs, and residing in France, entered into an agreement with Charles Adolphe de Chambrun, who, at the time, was solicitor of the French legation in Washington, for the taking of measures to assert their rights to and recover the property. The agreement was made on the 20th of April, 1876, and was accompanied with a power of attorney, both of which were executed by these heirs. By the agreement itself they bound themselves to pay to Chambrun the sum of 47-| per cent, of all the gross sums which he should recover for the Jumel heirs; and the agreement further stipulated that “they henceforth give to the said De Chambrun a lien and a mortgage to the amount of the sum of 47-J per cent, on all the property on which said Mr. de Chambrun shall establish the rights of the Jumel heirs. This share is attributed to him voluntarily and freely, as much for his having made known to them the existence of that estate as for fees; and also to repay him for advances, disbursements, and whatever expenses he may have made, and should make, to bring about the recovery of the sums hereabove mentioned, of fifty-two and one-half per cent. (52),-) paid to the Jumel heirs, so paid out of all sums recovered, before taking any sum whatever for expenses, fees, and disbursements.”

This agreement was made between the heirs and Chambrun at Mont de Marsan, in France; and soon after it was made Chambrun entered into an agreement with John A. Stoutenburgh, of the city of Hew York, by which, and “in consideration of the premises, and in further consideration of the professional services of said Stoutenburgh, rendered and to be rendered, the said De Chambrun, as the attorney in fact of said heirs, and for himself and associates, hereby agrees to pay, or cause to be paid, to said Stoutenburgh the sum of four per cent. (4 per cent.) on any and all proceeds of said property, real, personal, or mixed, to be paid in cash or land, or in both cash and land, as the case may be, to the full extent of the property recovered. And it is further also part of this agreement- that the said sum of four (4) per cent, is, under and by virtue of the power invested in said De Chambrun by the said heirs of the said Jumel, created and made a specific lien on the said property, all and every part thereof, and is to be paid as fast as proceeds, money, or property shall be recovered, under and by virtue of the power conferred upon said De Chambrun, whether the same be by suit or compromise. And in consideration of the premises the said Stoutenburgh agrees to continue to give his advice, and all due and proper attention, to the prosecution of all suits and proceedings for the recovery of said property.”

Stoutenburgh entered upon the performance of this agreement, and continued in its performance for such a period of time as entitled him to this share of the property or its proceeds; and he assigned his right and interest to the plaintiff in this action, who instituted and. prosecuted it for the enforcement of this agreement.

By way of defense, although not set up in the answers, the appellants objected that the agreement made between themselves and Chambrun was unlawful, and incapable of being enforced, under the statutes of this state, but the objections presented for that purpose were .overruled by the referee, who held the agreement to be lawful, and capable of enforcement. It was not an agreement prohibited by section 73 of the Code of Civil Procedure, for it was not a purchase or an agreement with Chambrun, as an attorney or counselor, of any bond, promissory note, bill of exchange, book-debt, or other thing in action, with the intent and purpose of bringing an action thereon. Neither was it rendered invalid or unlawful by the statute making it a misdemeanor to buy or sell or make or take or promise or covenant to convey a pretended right or title to lands or tenements, within 3 Rev. St. (6th Ed.) p. 970, § 6. But it was authorized and sanctioned, even if Chambrun acted as an attorney in making it, by section 66 of the Code of Civil Procedure. What he appears to have agreed to do was to take measures for the recovery of this property for the appellants, for an interest of 47 percent, in what should by his efforts be realized; and while doubt was expressed in Coughlin v. Railroad Co., 71 N. Y. 443, whether the person stipulating for this interest could lawfully agree to make the expenditures and disbursements required for the recovery of the property by suit, it seems to have been considered in Fowler v. Callan, 102 N. Y. 395, 7 N. E. Rep. 169, that such an agreement, when entered into in good faith, would be permitted and sanctioned, and the good faith of the parties entering into this agreement has neither been impeached nor questioned; and the referee, therefore, rightly overruled these objections to the validity of this contract.

By the language which was employed in making it, Chambrun had the authority to enter into the agreement which has been made the foundation of the plaintiff’s right to maintain the action; for it was agreed between these parties that “it is besides understood that each of the parties shall be free to sell his share of the said rights at a discount agreed on between himself and the purchaser, or to preserve all his rights up to the time of the final settlement of the said inheritable rights.” This clause was expressed in very broad and general language, which seemed to be intended to include all the parties who should become interested in the exertions to be made for the recovery of this estate; and that Chambrun had the authority to make the agreement which he did with Stoutenburgh also follows from the right secured to him to 47-J per cent, of the gross sums which he should recover for the Jume! heirs. The further provision that they gave him a lien and mortgage on that amount, of all the property to which he should establish their rights, in no manner reduced the force of the preceding language, which was, in effect, that he should have this sum of 47¿ per cent, of whatever might be recovered by him under the authority of the agreement. It was not an agreement on the part of the heirs to pay him this proportionate part, but it was an agreement by which this sum of 47J per cent, was to be given to him of the gross sums which should be recovered for these heirs. That this was the intention of the parties is further supported by the language that what each was to receive has been denominated his or their share, and the entire extent to which the heirs under the agreement were to become entitled to the property recovered was the 52J per cent. It did not vest them with a title to the remainder of the property; and, if that was not to vest in Chambrun, the agreement contained no provision for vesting it in any one. The frame-work of the agreement, as well as these designations of the different interests, therefore, disclosed no other intention than that Chambrun was to become, under its provisions, the owner of this 47J per cent.; and that was an interest which in the law, as well as by the agreement itself, was capable of being assigned and charged in favor of persons employed by him for the successful prosecution of the proceedings required to be taken. It was no objection to the agreement in this manner made by Chambrun that the property had not at the time been recovered, or the title of the heirs to it in any manner conceded. What Chambrun acquired by the agreement was the right to this interest in the property when it should be recovered; and the law as well as the agreement permitted him, as this interest, when it was acquired, was to become his property, to subdivide and dispose of it to other parties. Field v. Mayor, 6 N. Y. 179.

As to such assignments, it was then said in the opinion of the court that, “whatever doubts may have existed heretofore on this subject, the better opinion, I think, now is that courts of equity will support assignments, not only of choses in action, but of contingent interests and expectations, and of things which have no present actual existence, but rest in possibility only, provided the agreements are fairly entered into, and it would not be against public policy to uphold them. Authorities may be found which seem to be inclined the other way, but which upon examination will be found to have been overruled, or to have turned upon the question of public policy.” Id. 187. This principle has the sanction of Wylie v. Coxe, 15 How. 415, and of Trist v. Child, 21 Wall. 441. It was there held that “there must be an appropriation of the fund pro tanto, either by giving an order, or by transferring it otherwise in such a manner that the holder is authorized to pay the amount directly to the creditor, without the further intervention of the debtor. ” 21 Wall. 447. And this was again sanctioned in support of a contingent compensation for professional services of a legitimate character in Stanton v. Embrey, 93 U. S. 548, and it also received the approval of the court of appeals in this state in Fairbanks v. Sargent, 104 N. Y. 108, 9 N. E. Rep. 870.

The agreement with Stoutenburgh was to pay, or cause to be paid, to him the sum of 4 per cent, on any and all proceeds of property, real, personal, or mixed, either in cash or land, or both cash and land, to the full extent of the property recovered; and that was made a specific lien on every part of tlié property, and made payable as fast as proceeds, money, or property should be recovered. It is quite evident, from this agreement, that it is not to be restricted to a mere personal obligation on the part of Chambrun to pay this sum of 4 per cent., but that it was i n tended to secure to the attorney the right to that proportion of the property or proceeds of the litigation which was to be commenced and carried on. The language of the agreement, already referred to, discloses that to have been the intention and expectation.of the parties, and that entitled the plaintiff, as the assignee of Stoutenburgh, to bring this action tor the satisfaction of this contract.

After suits had been brought, by virtue of this employment, adjustments took place with the defendants in the litigation, by which valuable interests in the property affected by it in favor of these heirs were conveyed to them. The first of these adjustments and conveyances took place on the 28th of June, 1880; the second in July, 1881, and the third on the 4th of April, 1883. A suit in partition was commenced after the first adjustment, for the partition and sale of the property affected by the conveyance of an undivided interest in it. This property was sold in the year 1882, and, under power of attorney given for that purpose, so much of it was purchased for the benefit of the parties as was included within the conveyances made to them; and the property obtained by these adjustments, with the exception of particular portions otherwise disposed of, was finally conveyed to the defendant John Elliott as a trustee. The value of the property so conveyed to him at that time amounted to the sum of $152,225.44, and it remained in this manner vested in him at the time when this action was commenced, in 1886; and the object of this action was to secure a disposition of the property, and the payment of the shares, out of Chambrun’s 47-J per cent, in it, to which the plaintiff had so far become entitled, and the settlement of the rights and priorities of other parties having similar claims against this proportion of the property. Eor this purpose the other claimants were made parties to the action, and so was the defendant Campbell, who further claimed to be entitled to compensation for services performed by him for the heirs themselves in the course of the partition litigation and other proceedings. The property remained in this conditian until the 3d oí April, 1888; but before the decision of the referee, which was on the 7th of May, 1888, a judgment liad been recovered in an action commenced by Jean Albert Tauziede and another for the sale'of this property, and the sale of it was finally made, under that judgment by the trustee, in April, 1888, and a proportionate share of the proceeds of the sale has, in accordance with the determination of the referee and the j udgment entered upon it, been directed to be paid over to the plaintiff in this action. And to that extent the judgment appears to have been authorized by these agreements, and the proceedings which had been taken to enforce the title of the heirs.

The right of the different claimants to be brought in as parties to this action has been resisted on behalf of the heirs, and the case recently decided of Smith v. Hilton, 2 N. Y. Supp. 820, has been presented as supporting this objection. But that case supplies no foundation for the objection, for there the grounds of relief brought into the action on behalf of the defendants, by their answers, were not only subversive of the plaintiff’s action, but were without the jurisdiction of this court; and they neither grew out of, nor were they in any manner connected with, the subject-matter upon which the action had been made to depend; while in this case the other parties who have been brought in as defendants in the action represent demands upon this 47J per cent, of the property and proceeds acquired under Chambrun’s agreement, and between some of the claimants conflicting equities existed, requiring to be settled before a distribution of the fund could be made. And where that is the subject affected by a litigation in a court of equity all the parties to it are required to be brought before the court for the adjustment of their interests before a sale of the property or distribution of its proceeds will be directed by a judgment. As much as that is necessary for the protection of the owner of the interests to be affected, and also for the benefit and security of the persons found entitled to participate in the distribution of the proceeds. This is a familiar principle, often enforced and applied in courts of equity, and within its ordinary and acknowledged bounds this case appears to be included. It was an essential step for its complete determination that these different claimants should be brought into the litigation, and their rights litigated and determined by the judgment finally to be recovered, and that has been done, and regularly done, by the proceedings which have resulted in this judgment.

A prior right in this 47J per cent, to that represented by the plaintiff had been created in favor of Stanislaus le Yourgrois. By the agreement between Chambrun and himself, which was made in July, 1876, Chambrun transferred, out of his 47¿- per cent., 7§- per cent, to him in consideration of services rendered in discovering and ascertaining these heirs, and in settling with them in advance, and in the absence of Chambrun, the basis of the contract of April, 1876. This was a direct transfer to Le Yourgrois of the 7J percent. mentioned in the agreement, and it was entitled to be protected as it was by the judgment, under the authorities which have already been mentioned.

On the 4th of October, 1876, Chambrun made another agreement with Levi S. Chatfield, for whose services performed and to be performed, and for information communicated in reference to the interests of the legal heirs of Jumel, relating to this estate, Chambrun agreed to pay to him the sum of $1,000 in cash, within 10 days alter the date of the agreement; and he further agreed to pay to Chatfield the sum of $45,000 when the title of the heirs of Jumel should be established to the property of which he died seised, in the pity of Yew York, either by suit or compromise; and, in case less than the whole amount of property should be recovered, or the rights of the heirs thereto should be compromised for less than the whole amount, then to pay to Chatfield a pro rata amount of this sum; and for his security Chambrun mortgaged and pledged his share and interest in the estate, secured to him by the contract of April, 1876. It was further agreed that, if no part of the es-tote should he recovered by suit or compromise, then no part of the $45,000 should be paid to Chatfield. As the adjustment was finally made through the intervention of the settlement, Chatfield’s proportionate part of the proceeds, realized from the final sale of the property, was the sum of $11,051.80, and that was allowed to Douglas Campbell, as his assignee, by the referee. It was no objection to this allowance that Chatfield was secured in his right to payment by a mortgage upon the interest of Chambrun; for a mortgage of a claim of this description was, of itself, a transfer so far of the title to the property, subject only to be defeated by the payment of the debt itself. Parshall v. Eggert, 54 N. Y. 18, 23. And for its preservation and protection it was not required that the agreement should be filed, for the statute requiring the filing of a chattel mortgage, to preserve its validity, includes only such instruments as shall be given upon goods and chattels. 3 Rev. St. (6th Ed.) p. 143, § 9. And the interest in this manor mortgage was not property of that description. The referee allowed interest on this sum, in favor of Chat-field’s assignee, from the 4th of April, 1883, which was the date of the last adjustment or acquisition of property in favor of these heirs. From that time this proportionate part of the debt became payable, and the assignee of the creditor was on account of that circumstance entitled to this allowance of interest upon it.

A similar claim was allowed in favor of G. J. Sehermerhorn, tinder an agreement made by Chambrun with him on the 25th of October, 1876. By this agreement Chambrun agreed to pay him the sum of $10,000 when the title of the heirs should be established to the property or any part thereof, either by suit or compromise; and by the first compromise the title to a part of the property was conceded and established by the conveyance of the 28th of August, 1880. At that time this indebtedness became due and payable by the terms of the agreement, which was valid within the rule mentioned in the authorities last referred to, and for that reason this creditor was entitled to interest on this sum of money from the time of its allowance, on the 28th of June, 1880.

The referee also allowed, and that has been sanctioned by the judgment, to Harriet E. Griswold, as the assignee of her husband, William N. Griswold, 2} per cent, of the net proceeds of the whole property. This, of course, is payable out of Chambrun’s 47-|- per cent., and a distinct assignment, to the extent of 5 per cent., was made by him to Griswold, and afterwards transferred to the person in whose favor it was allowed. In making the allowance she referee has not transcended the .extent of the obligation or assignment made by Chambrun. It was restricted to 2-J per cent, of the net proceeds of the whole property, being the equivalent, "certainly, of no more than was transferred by the assignment to Griswold.

The 1J- per cent, assigned to Jesse C. Connor by Chambrun was reduced, by agreement, to $2,000, and, as to that, there seems to be room for not even the slightest objection.

Heither can there be to the 10 per cent, allowed to Margaret J. Smith, as executrix of her husband’s estate; for as much as that was absolutely assigned to him by the agreement of the 25th of January, 1877. She had become obligated to give to the defendant Campbell a contingent advantage, after the payment to her of the sum of 825,000, with interest from the 6th of May, 1882, out of this amount. And that was fully provided for by the referee, and the judgment entered by the direction of the court upon his report.

A further allowance was made to George J. Sehermerhorn of $30,000, with interest from the 28th of August, 1880. This has been specially resisted, not only by the heirs, but in favor of Frances A. Gesner, an immediately succeeding creditor. This resistance has proceeded upon the form of the agreement made between Chambrun and Sehermerhorn for the payment of this sum of money. That agreement is in these words: “It is hereby stipulated and agreed by and between Charles Adolphe de Chambrun, as attorney in fact of the heirs at law and next of kin of Stephen Jumel, deceased, late of the city of Hew York, and George J. Schermerhorn, attorney at law, of the city of Hew York, .that, in consideration of the services rendered by said Schermerhorn, at the request of said Chambrun, and in behalf of said heirs at law and next of kin of said Stephen Jumel, in litigations involving the title to premises in the city of Hew York, at one time owned by said Stephen Jumel, said Chambrun agrees to pay said Schermerhorn the sum of thirty thousand dollars, ($30,000,) and such sum of $30,000 is hereby made a lien upon any moneys or property which said Chambrun may receive for said heirs at law and next of kin as aforesaid. It is further agreed that this agreement shall bind the heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns of the respective parties hereto. In witness whereof the above-named parties have hereunto set their names and seals at the city of Hew York, this 28th day of August, 1880. Charles Adolphe de Chambrun. , [l. s.] Geo. J. Schermerhorn. [l. s.] In the presence of W. R. Beach.”

It has been urged, for the purpose of securing the exclusion of this allowance, that the agreement was between Schermerhorn and the heirs of this estate; and the language which has been employed in making the agreement lends at least colorable support to this position. But it is to be remembered that Chambrun, by the agreement of the heirs with him, had no power or authority to charge the 525 per cent, of the heirs of the estate with this obligation. As to their interest, he had no power whatever to dispose of it or hypothecate it in any manner, and, that authority having been carefully excluded by the agreement with him, it is not to be supposed that he intended by this agreement to charge or affect that interest. It was not carefully drawn, but it is to be construed in view of the circumstances existing at the time when it was made. Schermerhorn was employed by Chambrun to render his services as an attorney in the litigation brought for the recovery of the property, and he did devote his services to that end, and this money was payable to him for such services performed by him, and in the execution of the agreement it was not executed by Chambnxn in the name of the heirs, but solely for himself. It was his agreement, and it was so stated in its concluding clause, by which it was made to bind the heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns of the respective parties. Heitber of the heirs was a party to this agreement, but it was wholly between Chambrun and Schermerhorn; and the reference contained in it to the services of the latter having been performed at the request of Chambrun, in behalf of the heirs at law, is no more than was justified by the agreement between them and Chambrun, for the services of persons employed in the litigation were to be rendered for them at the request and through the employment only of Chambrun; and those were the services intended to be compensated for by this agreement, and Chambrun himself agreed to pay Schermerhorn this sum of money for them, and made it a lien upon any money or property which he might receive for these heirs and next of kin. It was, as the circumstances required it to be construed, an agreement by Chambrun to pay this sum out of the proportionate part which he might receive as the successful result of the litigation, and that bound his interest, but not the interest of these heirs and next of kin, and rendered that interest so far liable to the payment of this sum of money. But the referee added interest to the $30,000 from the 28th of August, 1880, which was the day of the date and the making of the agreement. This addition appears to be unjustified by the language of the agreement itself; for the $30,000, so far as it was made to affect the property, was made payable only out of the moneys or property which Chambrun should receive. Until he received money or property out of which this sum could be paid or realized, the demand itself did not mature against it into an exactable indebtedness; and nothing was received by Chambrun out of which the $80,000 could be paid certainly before the sale made in April, 1888; for the conveyances made upon the adjustments with the persons who were defendants in the litigation instituted by the heirs were directly made to them, and that made by the referee in January, 1884, pursuant to the sale in partition, was made to Elliott, the trustee, and vested the title to the property in him to the time when the sale was made on the 3d of April, 1888. There were exceptional sums of money received by Chambrun from the disposition of small parcels of the estate, but as to the larger, or $15,000, it was divided between himself and the heirs, and in the proportions stipulated for by their agreement, and the residue of another sum received by him has been directed to be appropriated to the payment of costs, and these, if they had been unappropriated, would have applied to earlier demands than this $30,000. There was, accordingly, no money or property received or realized by Chambrun for the payment of this sum of $30,000, or which lie could receive or realize before the 3d of April, 1888, and for that reason the allowance of interest upon this sum of $30,-000. should be restricted to that time, and in that respect the judgment accordingly modified.

The amount of $10,525.18, with interest, allowed to Frances A. Gesner, was supported by the assignments made by Chambrun. He expressly assigned to her all his right, title, and interest in and to all the fees, and to such money or moneys as should become due to him for services or compensation in the action in the circuit court of the United States, and also all his right, title, and interest to all moneys due to him for services or compensation, under any settlement made with any or all of the defendants in the action; and the second assignment, afterwards made by him to her, upon the renewal of the note, was equally as effectual.

The residue of the money, consisting of the sum of $25,000, directed to be paid to the defendant Douglas Campbell, was authorized by the agreement entered into between himself and the widow of E. Delafield Smith. The right to this money was acquired through agreements made by Chambrun, but it is not anticipated by the parties that any substantial sum will be realized upon it after paying the preceding sums of money chargeable to this 47J per cent. Accordingly, no special attention is required to be devoted to this final item, the payment, however, of which seems to have been correctly allowed by the referee upon the trial.

It has been objected, also, that the referee erroneously allowed these claims, for the reason that the right or title of the Jumel heirs to this estate was at no time established in the litigation brought for the recovery of the property. But while the language of the contract refers to that as the event upon which Chambrun should become entitled to the 47J per cent., it is clear, from the power of attorney simultaneously given, that so strict a construction of the language employed would not be justified; for by this power of attorney he was fully authorized in the proceedings which might be taken by him for the recovery of the property to negotiate, compromise, and give effect to and carry out all compromises he might make, and to enter into any amicable arrangements. These instruments were executed at the same time, between the same parties, and they are required to be considered and construed together, to ascertain and determine the significance of the language employed in making the agreement itself. Even if that which they have used, standing by itself, should be held to be expressive of the fact that a technical recovery should be secured to entitle Chambrun to this proportionate part of the estate, it is not to be literally followed, as long as it appears by the power of attorney itself that the parties intended Chambrun to be vested with the power to compromise the litigation, and obtain for himself and the heirs whatever might be secured in that manner.

In providing for the fund out of which these several sums of money should be paid, the referee held and determined that the creditors having these several rights in it were entitled to resort for their satisfaction to 47-J per cent, of the amount finally realized in April, 1888, upon the sale of the property. He was asked to determine that the utmost extent of the right of Chambrun in the property was 47J per cent, of the value of it at the time when it was conveyed by the referee, after the sale made in partition. Its value was then the sum of $152,525.43, while, at the time of the sale in 1888, the proceeds realized from the property exceeded the sum of $340,000. The referee held the creditors, as wmll as Chambrun, to be entitled to 47J per cent, of this latter sum, giving them the benefit of the proportionate appreciation in the property while it was held by Elliott as trustee, under the powers of attorney given to him and the conveyances made by the referee, who sold the property under the judgment in the partition suit. If the property had been divided, setting off to Chambrun 47¿- per cent., and to the heirs 52^per cent, at the time when it was conveyed by the referee to the trustee, then both Chambrun and the persons claiming under him would clearly have been limited to 47| per cent, of its value at that time. But no such conveyance was made; neither was the property separated or divided in any manner, but it was retained and'held by the trustee precisely as it was conveyed to him until the sale made on the 3d of April, 1888. While it was so held the share or interest of Chambrun was equally vested in the trustee with that of the heirs themselves, and a proportionate part of this increase in value was the increase of the 47J per cent. If that proportion had been conveyed to Chambrun by the referee in the partition, and it had been held by him until 1888, this proportionate part of the increase would clearly have become his property, out of which his creditors would be entitled to the proportionate amounts assigned or transferred to them by him. And it surely was no less so because of the simple fact that the property remained undivided and wholly vested in Elliott, the trustee; for he held it in trust in the proportions in which it was to be divided and distributed between these parties. For the heirs he held the proportion of 52J per cent.; for Chambrun and the claimants under him, 47fper cent.; and the appreciations in these several proportions of the estate were the result of the holding of these respective proportionate titles.

So far as the increase or enhancement in value was secured, it resulted to the extent of 47£ per cent, from the title and interest of Chambrun in it, and to that he and the persons claiming under him were clearly entitled to the benefit. To limit him, and those whose titles were subordinate to his, to the value of the property at the time when it was conveyed .by the referee, would be to give the increase resulting from this 47 per cent, to the heirs themselves, which would be more than they were entitled to under the agreement they made with Chambrun; What that entitled them to was 52| per cent, over expenses, and the enhancement in the value of that 52£ per cent., representing their interest in the estate, arose out of and followed that proportionate ownership. But it did not draw to itself or in any manner entitle them to the proportionate increase of the 47J per cent, belonging to Chambrun and the persons claiming under him, by virtue of the contract originally made between himself and the heirs. In this respect the case differs from the decision which was made in January last in the Case of Hines, 4 N. Y. Supp. 691. There the property depreciated in value, while it was retained by the party in whom the title was vested, and the attorney was still considered to be entitled to the stipulated one-third of the amount realized of the valuation at the time when, the property was recovered. TJiere the depreciation resulted from the delay of the persons holding the title to sell and dispose of it and from no fault whatever of the person entitled to receive the one-third, and there was accordingly no reason why the amount payable to him should be reduced below the contract which had been entered into with him,.simply because the property had fallen in value after the time when he became entitled to receive his stipulated compensation. Here there was no such result, but, on the other hand, it w7as favorable to the parties interested to this extent; and the enhancement in value of the 47-J per cent, of it was as much the property of Chambrun as the 47§ per cent, itself of the property conveyed by the referee to Elliott, because the advancement in the value of the property, so far as it was allowed by the referee, was the profit or advancement on this 47J per cent, to which Chambrun himself had become entitled. Upon this part of the case the referee determined no more in favor of these parties than they were entitled to secure by the agreement and the effect of the subsequent transactions.

There was allowed to the defendant Douglas Campbell $7,875 by way of compensation for services performed by him for the heirs themselves in the partition suit and other proceedings. He was employed to render these services under the written authority of the heirs. The services were no part of those which Chambrun was required to provide for by the agreements between himself and the heirs. They related to the property after it had been secured and conveyed to the heirs, and were necessary for the protection and maintenance of their rights; and the referee acted upon proof which must be assumed, as it has not been inserted in the case, but omitted therefrom by arrangement, and held to have been sufficient, to justify this allowance. The amount has been declared to be a lien upon the interest of the heirs in this property, and payable out of their 52J per cent. This decision of the referee has been resisted as unsound by the counsel for the appellants, who has asserted the law to be that, in the absence of an express agreement, it is well-settled in this state that an attorney has no lien upon the cause of action of his client for his services. Upon this subject the counsel has fallen into a significant mistake by overlooking section 66 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which has declared that “from the commencement of an action or the service of an answer containing a counterclaim the attorney who appears for a party has a lien upon his client’s cause of action or counter-claim, which attaches to a verdict, report, decision, or judgment in his client’s favor, and the proceeds thereof in whosesoever hands they may come.” This enactment supplied complete authority for this part of the determination of the referee, and of the judgment which followed his report.

Ho other objections have been made by these heirs which require any separate or special consideration than those to which attention has already been devoted, and it follows, from what has been said and the authorities to which reference has been made, that the judgment, with the exception of the interest allowed to Schermerhorn under his contract of August 28, 1880, is substantially warranted by the facts which have been proved and found in the case. As to the interest allowed to him on the $30,000, as no agreement for its payment was made, no authority for it appears to have existed. To that extent the judgment should be modified, allowing to Schermerhorn, under this agreement, out of the proceeds of Chambrun arising upon the sale of the property, this sum of $30,000, with interest only from the 3d of April, 1888, which was the earliest day that these proceeds were payable to Chambrun, or applicable to this demand; and, as so modified, the judgment should be affirmed, without costs of the appeal to either of the parties. All concur. 
      
       “ Sec. 66. The compensation of an attorney or counselor for his services is governed by agreement, express or implied, which is not restrained by law. * * *”
     