
    WOLVERINE TUBE (CANADA), INC., Plaintiff, v. The UNITED STATES, Defendant, and Hussey Copper, Ltd. et al., Intervenor-Defendants.
    Slip Op. 99-16.
    Court No. 98-12-03241.
    United States Court of International Trade.
    Feb. 5, 1999.
    
      Rogers & Wells LLP (Carrie A. Simon and Ryan Trainer), Washington, DC, for the plaintiff.
    David W. Odgen, Acting Assistant Attorney General; David M. Cohen, Director, Vel-ta A. Melnbrencis, Assistant Director, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice (Michelle Lynch); and Office of Chief Counsel for Import Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce (Linda S. Chang), for the defendant, of counsel.
    Collier, Shannon, Rill & Scott, PLLC (David A. Hartquist, Jeffrey S. Beckington, Mary T. Staley and John M. Herrmann), Washington, DC, for the intervenor-defen-dants.
   Memorandum

AQUILINO, Judge.

The above-named parties agreed during oral argument that this action raises an issue of first impression, namely, whether the Court of International Trade has jurisdiction to enjoin administrative proceedings by the International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce (“ITA”) pending resolution of an appeal to a binational panel constituted under the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) that might obviate those proceedings. The court concludes that it has such jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i), contingent upon a showing by an applicant that judicial review of them in regular course pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c) would be “manifestly inadequate”. Compare Miller & Co. v. United States, 824 F.2d 961 (Fed.Cir.1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 1041, 108 S.Ct. 773, 98 L.Ed.2d 859 (1988), and Hylsa, S.A de C.V. v. United States, 21 CIT —, 960 F.Supp. 320 (1997), aff'd, 135 F.3d 778, 1998 WL 56389 (Fed.Cir.1998), with Techsnabexport, Ltd. v. United States, 16 CIT 420, 795 F.Supp. 428 (1992), and Makita Corp. v. United States, 17 CIT 240, 819 F.Supp. 1099 (1993).

I

The plaintiff commenced this action on the eve of a deadline to supplement the record of an ITA administrative review of Antidump-ing Duty Order; Brass Sheet and Strip From Canada, 52 Fed.Reg. 1,217 (Jan. 12, 1987), for the year 1997. See 63 Fed.Reg. 10,002 (Feb. 27,1998). Among other relief, it seeks to enjoin further agency proceedings with regard to that year

pending resolution of a motion for remand that ... Wolverine has filed in a separate NAFTA Appeal contesting the final results of the Department’s administrative review of entries of Wolverine products during calendar year 1996 ... in Brass Sheet and Strip from Canada, NAFTA Secretariat File No. USA-CDA 98-1904-03.

According to the complaint, ITA annual reviews of 1994 and 1995 resulted in de minim-is margins of dumping, and,

[bjased on the verified evidence in the 1996 Review, the Department preliminarily found Wolverine to have a de minimis dumping margin of 0.42%, and decided to revoke Wolverine from the underlying an-tidumping order. Brass Sheet and Strip from Canada; Preliminary Results of An-tidumping Duty Administrative Review, 63 Fed.Reg. 64,666 (Dep’t Comm. 1997)....

Complaint, para. 10. The plaintiff further avers that the final margin for 1996, 0.67 percent, was the direct result of an agency calculation error, which the ITA “has admitted in the NAFTA appeal”.

When the Department corrects its admitted error and reduces Wolverine’s dumping margin to a de minimis rate, the Department should also logically resolve ... whether Wolverine should have been revoked from the underlying antidumping order.

Id., para. 9, Furthermore,

if Wolverine [had] been revoked from the antidumping duty order at the conclusion of the 1996 Review, the Department would have had no legal authority to conduct administrative reviews of post-1996 entries of Wolverine’s products. Nevertheless, since revocation did not occur due to the Department’s admitted error in the 1996 Review, the Department has proceeded to conduct the 1997 Review, at great expense and substantial burden to Wolverine.
14. As a result of the Department’s admission that the 1996 Review results were flawed, Wolverine on November 2, 1998 filed a motion in the NAFTA Appeal to remand the contested agency decision to the Department to correct its admitted error. Wolverine reasoned that ... a remand now would be the most legally, procedurally, and pragmatically appropriate course of action....

Id., paras. 13, 14. The complaint also shows that the ITA opposes remand at this time (as do the U.S. petitioners, intervenor-defen-dants herein) and sets forth plaintiffs (unsuccessful) efforts to get the agency to agree to suspend further proceedings covering 1997. See id., paras. 15,16.

The court held an immediate conference with all counsel on plaintiffs request for a temporary restraining order, which was denied. A hearing on plaintiffs application for a preliminary injunction was subsequently held in open court pursuant to order to show cause, by which time the company had complied with the ITA’s request for supplemental data for 1997.

II

A temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction is an extraordinary remedy which can only be granted upon showing:

(1) A threat of immediate irreparable harm; (2) that the public interest would be better served by issuing than denying the injunction; (3) a likelihood of success on the merits; and (4) that the balance of hardship on the parties favor[s issuance].

S.J. Stile Assocs., Ltd. v. Snyder, 68 C.C.P.A. 27, 30, 646 F.2d 522, C.A.D. 1261, 68 C.C.P.A. 27, 646 F.2d 522, 525 (1981); American Stevedoring Inc. v. U.S. Customs Service, 18 CIT 331, 335, 852 F.Supp. 1067, 1071 (1994). While this and other courts have held that the severity of the injury the moving party will sustain without injunctive relief is in inverse proportion to the showing of likelihood of success on the merits, they have also held that failure to bear the burden of persuasion as to any one of these four factors is ground for denial for such remedy. E.g., Bomont Industries v. United States, 10 CIT 431, 638 F.Supp. 1334 (1986). See EMC Corporation v. United States, 3 F.3d 424, 427 (Fed.Cir.1993).

Here, none of the four factors favors the plaintiff. While there is no reason to doubt plaintiffs concern about “out-of-pocket expenses” and that “active participation in an antidumping case also places substantial burdens on key administrative staff th[at] are critical to the operations of the company”, the court cannot conclude that those expectable costs are the equivalent of “irreparable harm”. Cf., e.g., Sampson v. Murray, 415 U.S. 61, 94 S.Ct. 937, 39 L.Ed.2d 166 (1974); Wisconsin Gas Co. v. Federal Energy Regulatory Comm’n, 758 F.2d 669 (D.C.Cir.1985); Arbor Foods, Inc. v. United States, 8 CIT 355, 600 F.Supp. 217 (1984).

The public interest, as the plaintiff properly points out, is the “fair and efficient administration of U.S. trade laws, as well as the appearance of such administration in the eyes of all who come within their realm”, but the court cannot also concur that requiring Wolverine to continue its compliance with those laws is “patently unfair and inefficient”. Plaintiffs Memorandum, p. 28. Indeed, their fair and efficient administration may well soon lead, as the plaintiff believes, to a determination by the ITA to revoke the antidump-ing-duty order against it. But even if and when the ministerial error at issue in the NAFTA proceedings is corrected, and thereby causes plaintiffs 1996 margin to become de minimis, revocation would not be automatic, as the plaintiff seemingly pretends. The statute governing the ITA in this regard, 19 U.S.C. § 1675(d)(1), provides that, in general, it “may” revoke an order after an administrative review thereunder. The agency’s published regulation is to the same effect. See 19 C.F.R. § 351.222(b) (1998). This standard, combined with the traditional reluctance of courts to intervene in administrative proceedings before they have run their complete course, leaves the likelihood of plaintiffs’ success on the merits, at best, debatable. Finally, with respect to the balance of hardships, the intervenor-defendants point out that

Wolverine itself requested that this review be conducted and has already submitted its original and supplemental questionnaire responses. No additional duties can be imposed on Wolverine’s imports until the final determination is reached. Any hardship imposed on Wolverine, therefore, is minimal. In contrast, a hardship would exist for the Department and the domestic industry if this review were to be stopped and then, at some time in the future, resume. Considerable resources have already been expended by both the Department and the domestic industry in this review. If Wolverine is found to be dumping in this review, delaying the ultimate resolution of this administrative review and the proper imposition of antidumping duties by stopping the 1997 review at this point would be detrimental to the efficient administration of the law and to the interests of the domestic industry.

Defendant-Intervenors’ Opposition to Plaintiffs Motion, p. 4. See generally Appendix to Defendant’s Memorandum, Collective Exhibit 2. Given these circumstances, there is little room for even debate that any hardship(s) tip decidedly in plaintiffs favor.

III

In short, in view of the foregoing, plaintiffs application for a preliminary injunction must be denied. And in failing to' sustain its burden for this immediate, extraordinary, equitable relief, the plaintiff has also failed to convince this court that jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c) would be manifestly inadequate. Ergo, this action should be dismissed.

Judgment will enter accordingly.

This action having been duly submitted for decision; and the court, after due deliberation, having rendered a decision herein; Now therefore, in conformity with said decision, it is

ORDERED that plaintiffs application for a preliminary injunction be, and it hereby is, denied; and it is further

ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that this action be, and it hereby is, dismissed. 
      
      . See 63 Fed.Reg. at 33, 041.
     
      
      . Complaint, para. 7. But see Defendant’s Memorandum, pp. 4-6, and compare with id., Appendix, Collective Exhibit lb, 6th and 10th to 12th pages. Cf. Defendant-Intervenors' Opposition to Plaintiff's Motion, pp. 8-9 n. 2.
     
      
      . See, e.g., Makita Corp. v. United States, 17 CIT 240, 250, 819 F.Supp. 1099, 1108 (1993); Ceramica Regiomontana, S.A. v. United States, 7 CIT 390, 395, 590 F.Supp. 1260, 1264 (1984); American Air Parcel Forwarding Co. v. United States, 1 CIT 293, 300, 515 F.Supp. 47, 53 (1981).
     
      
      . Plaintiffs Memorandum, p. 22.
     
      
      . Makita Corp. v. United States, 17 CIT at 250, 819 F.Supp. at 1107.
     
      
      . See, e.g., Federal Trade Comm’n v. Standard Oil Co. of Calif., 449 U.S. 232, 101 S.Ct. 488, 66 L.Ed.2d 416 (1980), and cases cited therein.
     