
    Albert Brauer, Respondent, v. Julia Watt Lawrence, Appellant.
    First Department,
    December 11, 1914.
    Attorney and client — action on account stated for professional serv- • ices — evidence — pleading — duress — burden of proof where client at the time of stating the account was incompetent.
    In an action on an assigned claim of attorneys and counselors on accounts stated for professional services, it appeared that at the time of the employment and rendition of the services for which one of the accounts is claimed to have been stated, the defendant was subject to an adjudication of ineompetency. Evidence examined, and held, that a judgment in favor of the plaintiff should be reversed;
    That, although there was no express plea of fraud or mistake, the pleading was sufficient to allow the presentation of evidence of fraud tending to show duress in procuring the account stated;
    That there was no consideration for the account stated, as the defendant is conclusively presumed to have been incapable of contracting at that time.
    If there was an agreement by the plaintiff’s assignors to render the services for a certain amount, there was no consideration for defendant obligating herself by an account stated for a greater amount after the rendition of the services.
    Where an account for services rendered is stated between an attorney and client after the rendition of the services and while the relation of trust and confidence exists, and the necessity for legal services and advice still continues, there is a burden on the attorney to show, at least, and particularly with a client whose mental faculties are impaired, that no undue advantage was taken, and that the client before assenting to the account was fully informed with respect thereto, and of her rights in the premises, and that the account was fair.
    Appeal by the defendant, Julia Watt Lawrence, from, a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of blew York on the 9th day of February, 1914, upon the verdict of a jury, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 18th day of February, 1914, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made upon the minutes. Also an appeal by the defendant from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 26th day of January, 1914, denying her motion for a separate and prior trial of the issues arising on her counterclaim herein.
    
      
      Frederick H. Sanborn, for the appellant.
    
      George C. Holt, for the respondent.
   Laughlin, J.:

The action is on an assigned claim of Messrs. Kellogg & Rose, attorneys and counselors, on accounts stated for professional services.

The counterclaim is for the cancellation of the accounts stated. No argument has been presented in support of the appeal from the order denying a trial of the issues arising on the counterclaim before the trial of the issues arising on the complaint and answer. Manifestly, there is no merit in that appeal, for the facts relied upon in support of the counterclaim were available as a defense and no other relief was required. That order should, therefore, be affirmed.

The name of the defendant formerly was Curtiss, but it was changed by her marriage to Lawrence. By a decree of the Probate Court of the district of Fairfield, Conn., the defendant was duly adjudged to be incompetent by reason of intemperance and mental derangement ” and “ incapable of managing her affairs ” on the 17th day of August, 1907, and conservators of her person and property were duly appointed there. They remained the lawful custodians of her person and property until the 17th of June, 1912, when they were duly discharged by a decree of said court, and her property was restored to her. On the 7th of October, 1907, on due application by the Connecticut conservators, the Supreme Court of this State at Special Term duly appointed them a committee of her property here, the order being based on the Connecticut decree, and on the 6th of July, 1912, the conservators, after their discharge in Connecticut, were duly discharged here and her property within this jurisdiction was thereupon restored to her. An application in behalf of the defendant made by the assignors to vacate the order appointing the Connecticut conservators a committee of her property was granted at Special Term, but reversed by this court on the ground that she was a resident of Connecticut, and that the court in that State acquired jurisdiction, and its decree was conclusive and entitled to full faith and credit as if made here; and our decision was affirmed by the Court of Appeals. (Matter of Curtiss, 134 App. Div. 547; 197 N. Y. 583.) The assignors thereafter in her behalf, alleging her competency, applied for a commission de lunático inquirendo here and prayed for an order superseding the order of the Supreme Court appointing a committee and discharging the committee and restoring her property to her. An order was made at Special Term directing that a commission issue to inquire into her competency; but on appeal to this court by the conservators it was reversed on the ground that the application should have been made in Connecticut, and that the Connecticut decree remained conclusive here as to her incompetency, while it stood unaffected there, so long as she remained a resident of that State; and our decision was affirmed on the same ground. (Matter of Curtiss, 137 App. Div. 584; 199 N. Y. 36.)

The plaintiff pleads three accounts stated and has recovered on all. The third is for $436.66 for services rendered after the discharge of her conservators, and it is conceded that plaintiff was entitled to recover on that. The other two were and are contested. The employment and rendition of the services and the advancement of moneys, for which the first account is claimed to have been stated, were all during the period from June 29, 1909, to April 17, 1912, after defendant had been adjudged to be incompetent and,while she remained subject to the adjudication. The first account stated is alleged to have been stated on April 25, 1912, while defendant was still incompetent, according to the decree, and to have been again stated on July 26, 1912, after her disability had been removed. On the 18th of April, 1912, the attorneys presented to defendant in the presence of her husband a bill for $35,000 for services to April seventeenth, and for $1,791.40 for disbursements, and for $5,551.99 for cash advanced, aggregating $42,343.39, with a credit of $2,650, of which $2,500 was received as an allowance by the court in one or both of said proceedings instituted by them in New York. On the twenty-fifth of April the defendant and her husband had an interview with one of the attorneys. According to the testimony of the attorney he asked if they were satisfied with the bill, and “they said that they would like to have it less, but if I thought it was all right, they would let it go,” and thereupon he prepared a letter to himself approving the bill, showing a balance owing of $39,693.39, and defendant .signed it. The husband of the defendant suggested the final sentence of the letter, which is as follows: “This letter is written and signed by me on the understanding that these amounts for fees and services shall not be collected or insisted upon at once on the restoration of my property but from time to time out of my property and income so as not to inconvenience me or to jeopardize my property.” On the 26th day of July, 1912, defendant, at the request of the attorneys and without any new consideration, signed the following indorsement on the bill: “ The above account is hereby settled at $39,693.39 having heretofore approved by me.” If this were a case for an account stated, the conditions with respect to the terms of payment agreed upon when the account was first stated attached to the second statement of it, and as there was no evidence showing the existence of the facts essential, under the first approval, to render it due, the recovery was not warranted. It is essential, however, to the validity of an account stated, that there be a valid indebtedness (Bauer v. Ambs, 144 App. Div. 274), and we think there was none here for the reason that the defendant is conclusively presumed to have been incapable of contracting, and her contract of employment of the attorneys was, therefore, void. (Carter v. Beckwith, 128 N. Y. 312.) Some of the services, disbursements and advances — it does not appear what part — were rendered and expended in endeavoring to procure the discharge of the conservators and of the committee. The court in those proceedings, if satisfied that the proceedings were instituted and the services rendered in good faith and that there was some apparent reasonable ground therefor, might have made an allowance Carter v. Beckwith, supra, and Matter of Larner, 170 N. Y. 7); and if the proceedings have terminated without any allowance and without a decision as to whether an allowance should be made, it may be, since the court. in those proceedings has now lost jurisdiction over the property, as in Carter v. Beckwith (supra), that there is a claim for the reasonable value of the services enforcible by action, but that question has not been fully argued, and we do not deem it necessary to decide it now. Nor can the recovery be sustained on the theory of an account stated with respect to a moral or equitable claim. The defendant pleaded, and offered to show, an agreement in advance for the rendition of all the services rendered in procuring the discharge of the conservators and of the committee for $7,500, and the delivery of a note therefor later on, but on plaintiff’s objection the evidence was excluded and a broad ruling was made to the effect that the account stated was controlling and could be impeached only for fraud or mistake, which the court ruled was not alleged, and denied a motion to amend by alleging them, and the defendant was given an exception thereto. The court, on like objection, excluded evidence offered to show that the statement of the account was procured by duress.' If there was an agreement to render the services for $7,500, there was no consideration for defendant obligating her herself by an account stated, after the rendition of the services, for a greater amount.

We are also of opinion that where, as here, an account for services rendered is stated between an attorney and client after the rendition of the services and while the relation of trust and confidence exists and the necessity for legal services and advice still continues, there is a burden on the attorney of showing, at least, and particularly with a client whose mental faculties are impaired, that no undue advantage was taken, and that the client before assenting to the account was fully informed with respect thereto and of her rights in the premises, and that the account was fair. Of this no evidence was offered by plaintiff, and the court excluded evidence offered with respect thereto on the cross-examination of one of- the assignors. Counsel for respondent contends that this rule is not applicable here, for the reason that the relation of attorney and client had then practically terminated and that the client did not rely solely on the advice of plaintiff’s assignors but had the advice of her husband, who, however, was not a lawyer, and that she was about to have another attorney take charge of her affairs; but it appears that plaintiff’s assignors continued to represent the defendant to some extent. There is no evidence that she took independent advice, other than the testimony of one of plaintiff’s assignors that she told him that one Brown, who originally brought her to plaintiff’s assignors — but whether he was an attorney does not appear — had told her that plaintiff’s assignors “ had agreed to do it all for $7,500,” but the attorney testified that he subsequently informed her that Brown had denied so stating to her. It appears that one of plaintiff’s assignors on April eighteenth, at the time the bill was presented, and one week before she approved it, suggested, after advising her that she was competent to approve the bills, that she “ look this matter all over and take such advice as you see fit and pass upon the value ” of the bill. We are of opinion that these facts do not render the rule inapplicable. There was no express plea of fraud or mistake, but there was a sufficient plea of duress to require the reception of the evidence offered tending to show duress in procuring the account stated.

There is no force in the contention that defendant is precluded from questioning the account stated by subsequently promising to pay it and by not repudiating it during the period of some fifteen months before the action was brought.

These views are also applicable to the second account stated, for part of it was for services rendered, disbursements and advances made while defendant was incompetent, and the account stated did not show what part was for such services and advances.

It follows that the judgment and order should be reversed and a new trial granted, with costs to appellant to abide the event.

Ingraham, P. J., McLaughlin, Dowling and Hotchkiss, JJ., concurred.

Judgment and order reversed, new trial ordered, costs to appellant to abide event. Order to be settled on notice.  