
    In the Matter of the Judicial Settlement of the Account of Cecil V. McArthur, as Executrix, etc., of Clarence A. McArthur, Deceased. Cecil V. McArthur, as Executrix, and the Smallman & Spencer Company, Inc., Appellants; Farmers’ National Bank and Others, Respondents.
    Third Department,
    June 30, 1916.
    Power of attorney — under power to sell may give chattel mortgage to secure antecedent debt.
    A power of attorney will not be so strictly construed as to defeat its purpose.
    Under a power of attorney, which is practically a carte blanche given by a husband when no longer able by reason of illness to manage his business, to his wife, empowering her to manage and sell it and any or all of his personal property, she may give a chattel mortgage upon the property to secure an antecedent debt.
    Appeal by Cecil V. McArthur, as executrix, and another, from a decree of the Surrogate’s Court of the county of Franklin, entered in the office of said Surrogate’s Court on the 28th day of October, 1915, surcharging the accounts of the executrix herein with the sum of $4,100.33 and directing the Small-man & Spencer Company, Inc., to pay over to said executrix the said sum for distribution among the other creditors of the estate.
    
      Cantwell & Cantwell [John M. Cantwell of counsel], for the appellants.
    
      George J. Moore, for respondents Farmers National Bank and others.
    
      Bryant & Lawrence, for respondents F. W. Lawrence Company and others.
   Howard, J.:

For considerable time prior to his death Clarence A. McArthur had conducted an extensive business at McColloms, in Franklin county, N. Y. The business included a variety of enterprises — a large summer hotel, lumbering operations, the conduct of a farm, and other affairs. For some time prior to August 9, 1913, he had been ill, suffering with a cancer which ultimately resulted in his death on October 12,1913. This malady grew upon him to such an extent that it incapacitated him from transacting his affairs, and at last, concluding, apparently, that he could no longer manage his own business, he turned it over to his wife, executing, on August 9, 1913, a power of attorney to her, which reads as follows: “ I hereby make, constitute and appoint my wife, Cecil V. McArthur, my true and lawful attorney to act for me and in my name, place and stead to manage and direct all my business, including my hotel, lumbering and farming' business, and to sign all notes, checks, receipts and other papers necessary to be signed in the conduct of my business, in my name, and to sell any or all of my personal property for the best prices she can obtain therefor, and to sign good bills of sale thereof, and to collect, sue for and receive .all debts and amounts due me, and generally to transact all my business as fully as I could do were these presents not made, hereby ratifying and confirming all that my said attorney shall do in my name.”

At the time of the execution of this document, McArthur was heavily indebted to various creditors in various amounts. One of his largest creditors was the Smallman & Spencer Company, the amount due them aggregating $4,437.68. About the middle of September certain negotiations were had between Halcyon N. Buck, McArthur’s bookkeeper, Mrs. McArthur and the Smallman & Spencer Company whereby McArthur attempted to sell to the Smallman & Spencer Company certain personal property in payment of the debt. The company declined to buy at the prices fixed by McArthur, but finally Mrs. McArthur, acting under the power of attorney, executed a chattel mortgage to them September 20, 1913, for the full amount of the debt. This debt was represented by six promis sory notes. The proof shows that Clarence A. McArthur never knew anything about the making and delivery of the chattel mortgage. No fraud is charged, however, the attorney for the objecting creditors stating at the trial that “The objecting creditors in this proceeding do not claim any fraud or undue influence was exercised on the part of the Smallman & Spencer Company.” McArthur died October 12, 1913. He left a will naming his wife as executrix and she duly qualified. In the inventoiy of the property of the deceased made and filed by the appraisers there is a list of items headed: “The following schedule D subject to chattel mortgage held by the Smallman & Spencer Company for $4,437.68.” The executrix proceeded to sell all the personal property of the deceased, and through some arrangement with the Smallman & Spencer Company the property covered by their chattel mortgage was about to be sold at the same time. An injunction was procured by certain other creditors restraining the executrix from selling the property covered by the mortgage, but the injunction was after-wards vacated upon a stipulation which provided that the sale might proceed without prejudice to the rights of the other creditors to contest the validity of the chattel mortgage. The mortgaged chattels sold for $4,100.33. This amount was paid over to the Smallman & Spencer Company. Objection to this payment was made by the other creditors, which objection has finally resulted in a decree of the surrogate surcharging the executrix with $4,100.33, and directing that the Smallman & Spencer Company pay that amount back to the estate.

The principal question for consideration here is as to the validity of the chattel mortgage. It is a general rule of law that a power of attorney must be strictly construed. No case, however, goes to the extent of holding that such an instrument should be so strictly construed as to destroy its purpose. Clarence A. McArthur, finding himself stricken by a fatal malady, executed to his wife the power of attorney which has been quoted above. Nothing could be more sweeping and complete than the language of this paper. It is quite evident that it was the purpose of McArthur to turn- the complete management of his complicated affairs over to his wife. His business was involved; he was burdened with debts; his finances were in desperate straits; he was close to insolvency. It was necessary to make all sorts of shifts and turns to save his estate from the advances of his creditors. Having this in mind, apparently, he authorized his wife to sell any or all of his personal property for the best prices she could obtain. He gave her authority' to sign good bills of sale. He authorized her generally to transact all his business as fully as he could have done. The paper was practically a carte blanche. Mrs. McArthur was specifically authorized to sell the property in question. Had she sold, instead of mortgaging, her right to sell could not have been attacked. But she was unable to sell the property in question to the Smallman & Spencer Company, and she concluded that the next most advantageous thing to do would be to mortgage. This step seemed absolutely necessary in order to placate these creditors. It seems to us that the power of attorney under which she acted fully warranted Mrs. McArthur in executing the mortgage. It was her only way out. To hold that she did not have authority to mortgage when she had been specifically empowered to sell would narrow the authority conferred upon her within limits never contemplated by her husband. We should not so cramp the scope of the authority conferred by the husband upon the wife as to abrogate contracts made by her in good faith. A power of attorney, like any other paper, must be given a reasonable interpretation. Giving the document under consideration such an interpretation it must be held that Mrs. McArthur was fully authorized tó execute the chattel mortgage.

Having reached this conclusion it is unnecessary to pass upon the other questions presented by the appeal, and it follows that the decision of the surrogate should be reversed, with costs.

All concurred, Lyon, J., in result.

Decree reversed on law and facts, and the matter remitted to the surrogate for further consideration. The court disapproves of the finding that the executrix when acting as agent of her husband did not have authority to make the mortgage in question, and that her account should be surcharged with the sum of $4,100.33.  