
    The Empire State Telephone & Telegraph Co., Resp’t, v. Frank A. Bickford, App’lt.
    
      (Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department,
    
    
      Filed October 20, 1893.)
    
    Reference—Compulsory—Accounting by agent.
    In an action for an accounting by an agent the complaint alleged thafe defendant had rendered accounts which were subsequently found to be false; that in furtherance of an intention to start a business in opposition to that of plaintiff, he took a lease of the office in his own name and suffered plaintiff’s business to deteriorate, and converted to his own use certain structures and apparatus belonging to plaintiff; that by reason of such acts and omissions plaintiff had suffered great loss and been put to large expense, which was sought to be recovered when ascertained on a proper accounting. Held, that while some of the allegations might have afforded ground for an action of tort, yet they all constituted part of the course of dealing of the agent with the property of the principal, and that the case was one of equitable cognizance and a compulsory reference proper.
    Appeal by the defendant from an order of Monroe special term, referring the issues in the action to hear and determine.
    
      T. E. Courtney, for app’lt; F. E. Storke, for resp’t.
   Dwight, P. J.

The action was brought to obtain an accounting by the defendant of his agency for the plaintiff as manager of its office and business at Cortland for a period of ninee years, ending with the 31st day of December, 1892. The business so managed by the defendant was that of a telephone exchange, through which communications were carried on between about 135 subscribers, besides what was known as toll or trunk line business. The complaint further alleges that during the period of his agency the defendant rendered to the plaintiff frequent reports, in items, which purported to contain a true account of the receipts and disbursements of the office; but that after defendant was dismissed from the service of the plaintiff in December, 1892, the plaintiff, for the first time, discovered that those reports were incorrect and. untrue in many particulars, both as to receipts by the defendant to the use of the plaintiff and as to disbursements which were charged as having been made in its behalf; the items, amounts and dates of which are known to the defendant, but are unknown to the plaintiff.

The complaint also alleges that for a considerable time before his dismissal the. defendant had entertained the purpose to establish a telephone business in the village of Cortland in opposition to that of the plaintiff; and in furtherance of that plan had taken in his own name a lease of the office occupied by the plaintiff, without its knowledge; and had negligently and wilfully permitted the plant and property and service of the plaintiff, under his charge, to deteriorate and become less effective than if properly and faithfully cared for and managed by him, and had thereby caused the patrons of the plaintiff to become dissatisfied with such service, and had imputed the fault of such deterioration to the plaintiff; that in further execution of his pian the defendant had appropriated and converted to his own use certain structures and apparatus belonging to the plaintiff and used by it in the operation of its business, and had refused to deliver possession of the same to the plaintiff on demand; that by reason of such acts and omissions on the part of the defendant, the plaintiff has suffered great loss and damage in its business and revenue and been put to large expense, which loss and expense the plaintiff seeks to recover when ascertained by a proper accounting; for all of which the plaintiff has no adequate remedy at law, and the plaintiff therefore demands judgment for an accounting by the defendant in respect to his receipts and disbursements of money belonging to the plaintiff; in respect to the cost and value of the articles of personal property of the plaintiff converted to his own use by the defendant; determining the amount of loss and damage to the plaintiff in its business and revenue, and of the expense to which it has been put, by reason of the acts and omissions of the defendant before mentioned, and adjudging that the plaintiff recover of the defendant the amount found chargeable to him on such accounting.

The defendant by his answer admits the incorporation of the plaintiff, its business at Cortland, and his employment therein as the plaintiff’s agent and manager as alleged in the complaint. But lie denies specifically all the allegations of violation of duty, bad faith and negligent and willful mismanagement on his part, in that relation; denies that he is indebted to the plaintiff in any sum for or by reason of any of the matters and things mentioned in the complaint; pleads the statute of limitations, and that he has ¡laid and settled in full for all the causes of action so alleged.

There can be no doubt that the complaint above sketched presents a case for the equitable cognizance of the court, and one which entitles the plaintiff to an accounting. Here was the fiduciary relation of principal and agent, continuing through a series of years, involving the daily receipt and disbursement of moneys by the latter for the former, with the consequent duty to account from time to time, and the failure to account, or, what was worse, the rendition of false accounts. Nothing was wanting to give to equity jurisdiction to compel an accounting. In Marvin v. Brooks, 94 N. Y., 71, Finch, J., speaks of an agent so entrusted as stand-in the attitude of “a quasi trustee, ancl by reason of that relation knowing what the other party cannot know, and bound to reveal to him the entire truth.”

It is also by reason of this relation of trust and confidence, demanding absolute fidelity and the greatest diligence, that such an accounting will be made to embrace questions of fraud and neglect and mismanagement. Christy v. Libby, 5 Abb., N. S., 192; Marston v. Gould, 69 N. Y., 220, and this is true even though some of the allegations of the complaint might have afforded ground for .an action of tort. Vilmar v. Schall, 61 N. Y., 564. In this case all the facts alleged which suggest a cause of action ex delictu constitute part and parcel of the course of dealing of the agent with the property and interests of the principal, and are consequently matters of which the plaintiff is as much entitled to an accounting as if no bad faith and willful violation of duty were, charged.

The case made by the complaint being clearly one of equitable cognizance, and which entitles the plaintiff to an accounting, it was of course referable on the motion of either party, or of the court itself on the trial. The account of receipts and disbursements alone is a long one both in point of time and necessarily in the number of its items. We think the reference was properly made, and that the order appealed must be affirmed.

Order appealed from affirmed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements.

Lewis and Haight, JJ., concur.  