
    August Dinger, Plaintiff, v. The City of New York, Defendant. Frederick Dinger, Plaintiff, v. The City of New York, Defendant.
    (Supreme Court, Queens Special Term,
    December, 1903.)
    Action to restrain a city from pumping dry agricultural lands closely adjacent to a pump of its driven well system—Damages — Difficulty in determining them-not fatal.
    Where an owner of agricultural lands, closely adjacent to a pumping station of a city driven well system, shows that the pumping has for many years continuously lowered the water level of his lands and substantially diminished their value and productive capacity he is entitled to damages therefor from the city, and upon proving the nature and extent of the business of cultivation interrupted or diminished is entitled to an assessment of damages even though it may be very difficult to reach a satisfactory result upon the evidence.
    'Acttohs for injunctions restraining the operation by defendant of its driven wells and pumping stations at Spring Creek, and for past damages to plaintiffs’ agricultural lands by reason of the drying up of the soil by the abstraction therefrom by defendant’s driven wells of percolating waters.
    Chas. Coleman Miller, for plaintiffs.
    George L. Rives, Corporation Counsel (George E. Blackwell, of counsel), for defendant.
   Smith, J.

In the case of Réisert v. City of New York, 174 N. Y. 196, the Court of Appeals undertake to lay down a proper and workable rule of damages for the guidance of the trial courts in these cases. From a careful examination of the opinions written in that case I deduce the following result:

■First. That loss of profits as such cannot be recovered as damages.
Second. A plaintiff is not to be deprived of damages sustained because direct proof of the rental value of the property affected before and after the trespass is not given.
Third. A plaintiff is entitled to damages for the diminution of the productive value of the property occasioned by the trespass, and upon evidence showing the .nature, character and extent of the business of cultivating the property interrupted or diminished by the trespass, plaintiff is entitled to have an assessment of damages even if upon the evidence it is very difficult to reach a satisfactory result.

In these cases the property in question is located but a short distance from the Spring Creek pumping station, and it is not disputed that the water level on the land has for many years been very greatly and almost continuously lowered. In my opinion the evidence shows that the productive capacity and value of the land has been substantially diminished by the lowering of the water level. Without discussing the value of the theories advanced by the scientific agricultural witnesses upon the trial, I find the fact to be that the soil had become adapted and habituated to its peculiar environment, and when the conditions were radically changed the effect was to lower its vitality and to diminish its ability to respond to cultivation for crops to which under natural conditions it was most favorably adapted. I heartily concur with the intimation of the Court of Appeals that in these cases the effort to determine the amount of damages to be awarded is ofttimes a mere approximation, but I have made the best estimate I can from all the evidence offered, based upon the principles laid down by the Court of Appeals in the Reisert case, and I decide that the plaintiff, August Dinger, has suffered for the past twelve years damages in the sum of $6,000, and the plaintiff, Frederick Dinger, has suffered for the past twelve years damages in the sum of $2,500, and that the plaintiff in each case is entitled to judgment for the injunctive relief demanded in his complaint, as well as for the sums of money mentioned for damages sustained, and judgmant is directed accordingly, with costs in each case.

Judgment accordingly.  