
    New York County.
    —Hon. RASTUS S. RANSOM, Surrogate.
    November, 1888.
    Matter of Stewart. In the matter of the probate of the Will of William A. W. Stewart.
    It is not necessary that any specific period of time should elapse to create the presumption of death, but it may arise whenever the facts of the case will warrant it.
    If the party whose death is in question went to sea, and nothing has been heard of the vessel in which he sailed, or of those who accompanied him, the presumption after a sufficient length of time has elapsed, will be that the vessel was lost, and all on board perished; especially where the family and friends of the missing man have made every effort and exhausted apparently every source of information to ascertain news of him and the vessel.
    Where, when last heard from, one was in contact with some special peril, as where one was at sea in .a violent storm which caused many wrecks, this circumstance may raise a presumption of death without regard to the duration of the absence.
    Application for the probate of a paper propounded as the last will and testament of William A. W. Stewart, and that letters testamentary issue to the executors therein named.
    Stewart & Sheldon, for proponents.
    
    Robert E. Deyo, special guardian.
    
   The Surrogate.

Testimony has been duly taken by me which establishes the following facts: First— That Mr. Stewart sailed from New York on the 10th day of March, 1888, at 3 p. m., in his yacht Cythera. Sécond—His destination was Kingston, Jamaica. Third—The length of time usually consumed in making the voyage from New York to Kingston is eighteen to twenty days. Fourth—Inquiries have been made by his family at the offices of the West Indian steamers and of the officers of those steamers for any news of the yacht, all of which have been futile, with one exception. Captain Hubbard, commander of the steamship Barracouta, sailing regularly between New York and certain ports of the West Indies, reported that on the 9th of April, this year, about 300 miles north of the island of St. Kitts, he sighted at two o’clock p. m. at a distance of eight or nine miles, a small vessel, which he took to be yawl rigged (the Cythera was yawl rigged), bound south, apparently headed for the Windward Passage. No intelligence of this vessel has ever been received from the point in which she was seen by Captain Hubbard. She should have made a harbor within a week. Cablegrams have been sent to the testator and to the Custom House authorities at Kingston and the Azores for news of the yacht; those to the testator have never been answered, and those to the Custom House authorities have been answered in the negative. Letters to the testator have been written and duly posted to Hamilton, Bermuda, and Kingston, Jamaica, and have all been returned by the postoffice officials marked u Unclaimed.”

The day following the departure of the Cythera she was reported in the official maritime reports as having been spoken Sunday morning about 9 o’clock, twenty-five miles east of Barnegat, bound south. Captain Leonhard of the bark Josie E. Moore reported that about March 25th he saw, 150 miles south by east of Highland Lights, some cabin fittings of a small vessel which, from his description, Pilot Nelson, one of the owners of the pilot boat Enchantress, was convinced belonged to the Enchantress, which was lost in the same gale. Forty miles south of that point Captain Leonhard saw, at a distance of about 100 yards, a triangular piece of decking eight feet or thereabouts in length. He described it as being the bow of a small vessel, the planks of which were not over three inches in width and laid parallel to each other. From this description Mr. Sheldon, who was familiar with the appearance and build of the Cythera, believed that this piece of wreckage was the forward hatchway of that yacht.

Fifth—On the 11th day of March at 10 p. m. the centre of a great storm, commonly known as u The Blizzard,” was off the coast of Norfolk, Va.

Sixth—The probable situation of the Cythera at 10 p. m. on March 11th was between Cape Henry and Cape Hatteras, if not within the centre, at least within the radius of this storm.

Hearsay evidence of Captain Leonhard and Captain Hubbard has been offered and received, and under the decisions may be considered. Fosgate v. Herkimer Mfg. & Hydraulic Co., 12 Barb. 352 ; Jackson v. Bonehan, 15 John. 226.

This evidence, however, is not of much importance except that it shows the family and friends of the testator have made every effort and exhausted apparently every source of information to ascertain news of him and the Cythera, but without success.

It is well settled that it is not necessary that any specific period should elapse to create the presumption of death, but that it may arise whenever the facts of the case will warrant it. Stouvenel v. Stephens, 2 Daly, 319.

And if the party whose death is in question went to sea, and nothing has been heard of the vessel in which he sailed or of those who accompanied him, the presumption, after a sufficient length of time has elapsed, will be that the vessel was lost, and that all on board perished. Merritt v. Thompson, 1 Hilt. 553, and cases cited.

Where, when last heard from, one was in contact with some specific peril, this circumstance may raise a presumption of death without regard to the duration of the absence. Lancaster v. Washington Life Insurance Co., 62 Mo. 121 ; White v. Mann, 26 Me. 361.

In Merritt v. Thompson (supra) it was held that the presumption of death does not rest upon the fact that the party had not been heard from for seventeen months, but on the weightier circumstance that the vessel had not been heard from.

In Gerry v. Post and others, 13 How., 118, it was held that if a vessel has been absent double the longest time of a voyage she may be presumed to be lost, and it follows as a consequence that all perished with her, if none of the passengers or crew are afterward heard of.

On March 11, 1841, one DeWolf departed from New York in the steamship President. Nothing was heard of the vessel, or of her passengers. The usual time to cross the Atlantic was fourteen or fifteen days and the longest passages did not exceed twenty-three or twenty-four days. It was held that the steamer was lost before May, 1841, and that DeWolf’s death occurred before that time. Oppenheim v. Wolf, 3 Sand. Ch. 623.

I am convinced by the evidence that Mr. Stewart is dead, and that his death occurred between the 10th day of March, 1888, and the 17th day of September, 1888, the date of the petition herein.

The due execution of the paper propounded as his last will and testament, and his mental capacity to make the same are shown by the testimony of Mr. Nichols and Mr. Min turn, the subscribing witnesses thereto. It is admitted to probate.  