
    (First Circuit—Hamilton Co., O., Circuit Court
    Jan. Term, 1900.)
    Before Smith, Swing and Giffen, JJ.
    C. D. IRWIN and A. M. GREEN, doing business as IRWIN, GREEN & CO. v. H. P. LLOYD, Trustee of the Estate of E. L. HARPER.
    
      Trust for benefit of creditors not a continuing and subsisting trust exempt from statute of limitations—
    (1). A trust created for the benefit of creditors is not one of those technical and continuing trusts as to which the statute of limitations does not run.
    
      Ignorance as to real principal not fraud within meaning of sec, 4982 R. S.
    
    (2). Ignorance as to who is the real principal in a transaction does not give to the claimant four years to bring an action from the time of discovering the real principal.
    
      Dismissal of action by plaintiff not failure otherwise than upon merits within sec. 4991 R. S.
    
    (3). The dismissal of an action on motion of the plaintiff without trial does not bring it within the provisions of section 4991, permitting of the bringing of a new action within one year from that date.
    
      Dismissing action after judgment in Common Pleas and appeal to Circuit Court — Judg’ment not in force—
    (4). The dismissal of an action without prejudice which has been appealed to tbe circuit court does not leave the judgment of the court of common pleas existing and in full force.
    
      Failure to present claim within six months or sue within thirty days after rejection no bar—
    (5). Failure to sue within thirty days from the rejection of claim by a trustee, or to present the claim for allowance within six months from publication of notice of the appointment of tbe trustee, does not bar the creditor from contesting his claim and having it allowed after these periods have elapsed.
    Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas of Hamilton county.
   Smith, J.

This action was commenced in the court of common pleas of this county September 1, 1897, to require the defendant, as trustee of the estate of Harper, to allow as a valid claim against said insolvent estate a judgment which the plaintiffs had recovered against Harper at the October term of said court, 1896, for $671,860.60 in an action commenced several years after the defendant had been appointed and was acting as the trustee of Harper’s insolvent estate, but .to which said Lloyd, the trustee, was not a party. The trustee filed an answer setting up various defenses to the action against him, among others pleading the statute of limitations against the claim, and on the issues made by the pleadings *the court of common pleas found for the defendant, and a judgment or decree was entered in his favor. From this an appeal was taken to this court, and was heard before one of the visiting circuit courts’in this county, which it is said found that the judgment so rendered against Harper did not constitute a claim against his estate; but gave the plaintiffs leave to file an amended petition, which was done, and the defendant having filed an answer to this setting up his various defenses, including the defense that the claim sued on was barred by the statute of limitation of six years, and a reply having been filed by the plaintiff, the case has been heard by us on the evidence submitted and the arguments of counsel.

The amended petition in substance avers that there is due to the plaintiffs from the defendant, as assignee and trustee of the estate of Harper, the sum of $594,331.44, as shown by the account attached to the petition; that it was presented to such trustee for allowance, and rejected, and that subsequently thereto plaintiffs recovered the judgment against Harper, which was mentioned in the original petition, which is still due, and that there are moneys and credits in the hands of the trustee applicable to the payment of debts against Harper; that they presented their said claim to said trustee for allowance August 9, 1397, but that he then rejected the same; that Lloyd was trustee before said judgment was recovered, Harper having made an assignment for the benefit of his creditors; that said estate in his hands has not been closed, and that the trustee still' has in his hands to pay plaintiffs the dividends declared. They therefore pray that he be decreed to allow the claim as a valid one against said estate, and to pay plaintiffs the dividends due to them.

The answer of defendant admits that he is trustee, and admits that as such he has assets of said estate to pay dividend on the claim if it is a valid one; that on May 25, 1894, the plaintiffs presented said account to him to be allowed as a claim against said estate which was rejected by him; and on August 10,1894, plaintiffs commenced an action against him in the common pleas court to require him to allow the same, which was afterwards tried and the petition dismissed, and judgment rendered against the plaintiffs. For a second defense, he avers the recovery of the judgment before mentioned, which was on the same cause of action set forth in the other action in which defendant recovered a judgment against plaintiffs, - and that defendant was not a party to the action in which the judgment was rendered, and that said judgment was rendered by default against Harper individually; that the claim of this judgment was also presented to defendant for allowance, and was rejected by him August 9, 1897. In this action brought on that claim judgment was entered for defendant. For a third defense, he says that on October 16, 1896, plaintiffs filed their appeal in the circuit court from the judgment in the first case mentioned, and that this action in the circuit court was voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiffs without prejudice Feburayr 25, 1898, and therefore the judgment of the common pleas so appealed from remains' in force and valid. 4th. The defendant avers that Harper made his assignment for the benefit of creditors June 21, 1897; that the only claim presented by plaintiffs to defendant for allowance before August 9, 1897, was on an open account, and that said account and each item thereof and said account now attached to plaintiff’s petition accrued more than six years before the commencement of this action; and allegations in the amended petition not expressly admitted are denied. The reply denies the new matter set up in the answer.

There is no substantial controversy between the parties as to the facts in this case. It is admitted that all of the items in the account set up by the plaintiffs against Harper accrued prior to the failure of the Fidelity Bank of this city, on June 17, 1897, and that within a few days thereafter Harper made an assignment for the benefit of his creditors to Mr. Zimmerman, who declined to qualify as assignee, and thereupon Major Lloyd was appointed trustee, and qualified as such. If, therefore, the plaintiffs had any right of action against Harper on the account which they now seek to have the trustee allow against Harper’s estate, it had accrued prior to June 17, 1887, and as this action was not brought until September 1, 1897, a period of more than ten years after their right of action accrued, it would seem clear that, unless for some reason which appears in the pleadings or evidence, that it must be held that the six-year statute of limitations which as a rule applies to an action on a claim of this character, would prevent a decree in favor of plaintiffs as asked for. This, of course, is on the supposition that the judgment which was rendered against Harper on this claim, long after his assignment and in an action to which the trustee was not a party, puts the plaintiffs in no better position in this action, as was held by the court of common pleas and the visiting court in this very case, and as we think correctly.

It is the claim, however, of the counsel for the plaintiffs that the statute of limitations of six years does not apply to a case of this kind; that the trustee having in his hands money applicable to the payment of dividends to creditor makes it a case of a continuing and subsisting trust, which under the provisions of section 4974, Revised Statutes, are not governed by our statute of limitations. But we think it clear that this claim is not well founded, and that this is not such a trust. As held in many eases in Ohio, this provision only applies to those technical and continuing trusts which are not recognized at law, but fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of chancery, and other trusts are not exempt from the statute. See 40 Ohio St., 27-32; 46 Ohio St., 349-351; 50 Ohio St., 1-9, and other cases cited in Bates’ Dig., volume 1, 1547. Surely this claim was one on which an action at law might be brought,- and when the statute began to run, as it did before the assignment of Harper, it continued to run.

It is also the claim of the plaintiffs that they did not know of the liability of Harper as an undisclosed principal until within the period of four years prior to the commencement of this suit, September 1, 1897, and that they are thus brought under the provisions of section 4982, Revised Statutes; that because Harper did not make himself known (I suppose to the plaintiffs, though this is nowhere averred in the pleadings) that this was a fraud upon them, and that they have four years In which to bring their action after the discovery of the fraud.

In answer to this claim it may be said, first, that the action is not .one .for fraud in the meaning of the section referred to, and if it were, and the proper allegations had been made as to the delay in the bringing of the action, still it would not have prevented the bar of the statute from operating; ignorance of this kind does not prevent the statute from running. See cases cited in Bates’ Digest, 1546.

The plaintiffs invoke the provisions of section 4991, Revised Statutes, that if an action is commenced in time, or attempted to be commenced, and judgment for plaintiff be reversed, “or if the plaintiff fail otherwise than upon the merits, and the time limited for the commencement of such action has at the date of such reversal or failure expired, the plaintiff * * * may commence a new action within one year after that date.”

It is conceded that on June 15, 1891, an action was begun by the plaintiffs in the United States court of this district against E. L. Harper and Eugene Zimmerman, setting up that Harper and Zimmerman were directors of the Fidelity Bank, and had charge of its moneys and credits; were represented as looking after the affairs of the bank and severally taking care of and keeping .the money; that certain drafts were sent plaintiffs as drafts of said bank that were not paid, and that the bank failed the day they issued them; that defendants were not exercising proper care in taking care of the funds of the bank, and the petition prayed for a judgment on the two counts (as claimed by counsel for plaintiffs here), “they being in effect for the moneys, that, as was afterwards discovered, Harper had sent by drafts through his brokers, Wilshire & Hoyt, to Chicago, to pay to Irwin, Green & Company on account of the wheat deal that Wilshire & Hoyt were running as it afterwards developed for Harper, and which being turned over to Irwin, Green & Company were never paid, because of the failure of the Fidelity Bank. ’’

On the 2d of January, 1894, this action, on the motion of plaintiffs, was dismissed without trial.

Even if this cause was tb<e same as that on which an action was commenced by plaintiffs in the common pleas on August 10, 1894, against Lloyd, trustee, which we think it was not, and which last case was decided in the common pleas in favor of defendant, and appealed to the circuit court, and on February 25, 1898, voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiffs without prejudice, still it is clear under the decision of the supreme court in 50 Ohio St., 294, that these facts did not allow the plaintiffs to escape the bar of the statute when pleaded in the present action brought September 1, 1897, more than ten years after the cause of action accrued on the account sued on, In the case referred to, Seigfried v. Railroad Company, the syllabus is as follows:

O. W. Baker, for Plaintiffs. JET. P. Lloyd, contra.

“ Where an action which has been commenced in due time is dismissed by the plaintiff after the time limited for the commencement of such action has expired, a new action for the same cause thereafter commenced is barred, though commenced within one year after the dismissal of the former action. Such dismissal is not a failure in the action within the purview of section 4991 of the Revised Statutes.”

Both of said actions were voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiffs, and the last action was barred.

The claim of the defendant, that as the judgment of the court of common pleas in the action commenced August 10, 1894, was in his favor, that although the action was appealed to the circuit court, and there dismissed without prejudice, that this left the common pleas judgment existing and in full force, we think is not well taken.

Nor do we think the claims made in argument, that as plaintiffs did not sue within thirty days after the rejection of their claim by the trustee, or that they did not present it for allowance within six months after the publication of notice by the trustee, that for these reasons they are barred, are well founded. As to the first of these questions, we expressed our opinion in the case of Kittredge v. Miller, 12 C. C., 128; the judgment in that case was affirmed by the supreme court, 37 Law Bulletin, 352, without report. But as this was but one of the grounds upon which our judgment in that case was based, it can not be said that the point in question was decided by the supreme court. The other question is settled by the decision in Owens v. Ramsdell, 83 Ohio St., 439.

But on the ground that there was no valid claim against the trustee, or reason why he should be required to allow it as a claim against the trust, for the reason that it was barred by the statute of limitations, the decree will be in favor of the defendant and the petition will be dismissed.  