
    
      Rutherford vs. Craik's executors, and others.
    
    rpHE plaintiff claimed under the will of Jane Corbin, all lhaS she was entitled to under the marriage settlement between Iter and Thomas Corbin, prior to the marriage: particularly, they chimed all the increase of the Nügroes mentioned in the deed whereby the marriage settlement was made, and a widow’s soar'-, under the act of distributions, of the one half of the original stoik of Negroes, secured by that deed to Corbin, who C' d before her, intestate. They made other claims besides, bat these were the claims upon which lay the stress of the argu-
    The deed recited, that on that day, 28th of October, 1761, ths said Jane Innis and Francis Corbin, as well for and in consideration of a marriage, by God’s permission, intended shortly to bs had and solemnised between the said Francis Corbin and Jans Innis ; and if the sum of twenty shillings sterling money of Great Britain, by Samuel Swann and John Swann, to the said Jane Innis in hand paid, at or before the ensealing and delivery of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged $ and for and towards settling and assuring the several plantations, tracts or parcels of lands, tenements and hereditaments, and Negro skives(f) andtkeiryncrease, plate, houshold goods, and stock of horses, cattle, hogs and sheep ; the estate of her, (2) the said fane Innis, hereinafter mentioned to be granted in trust, to and for the several uses, intents and purposes, and subject to the powers, provisos, limitations and agreements hereinafter limited, declared and expressed; and for divers other good causes and consi-dt rations hereunto especially moving, she, the said Jane Innis, by and with the consent, direction and appointment of the said Francis Corbin, testified by his being party to, and signing and e. king these presents, hath granted, bargained, sold, aliened, routa; d and confirmed, sad by «hese present'? doth folly, cleat» ly and abso’ntf’y grant, sell, Kisers, release amt confirm nnio the add Samuel Swann and John Swann, in tbeir actual pos'setisioBj now being by virtue oí a bargain and sale to them thereof made fur one year, in consideration of ten shillings, sterling is7.Qae.ycf Great Britain, by indestaTe bearing date the day nest before the day of the date of these presents, and by force and vhtue oí the statute for transferring uses into possession, and to their heirs and assigns, all those the three plantations, tracts or parcels of land of her, the said Jane, lying and being ok the casret snosc branch of long creek, in New Hanover county, containing in the whole, twelve hundred and sixty acres ; also all that other plantation, tract or parcel of land oi her, the said june, h lr,¡s .-.yd t>t--iag on the north east side of the north west branch of Cap.- I?. re river, joining the upper side of the kte Htnrjt Simons’ land ic, Bladen county, containing three hundred and twenty acres ; also all that other plantation, tract or parcel oí land of her, the re/d, Jane, containing one hundred and eighty acres, lying and being in. Bladen county, on the west side of the north west branch ot Cape Fear river, joining M'Nightk land, together with ail the houses, out houses, edifices, buildings, orchards, gardens, lanes, sseadows, trsea, woods, ways, paths, waters, water courses, easements, profits, commodities, advantages, emoluments and here-ditament's whatsoever, to the said several plantations, tracts parcels of land or either of them, belonging or any wise appertaining 5 and the reversion or reversion's, remainder or remaii:. dors, rents, issues and profits thereof, cad oftvery part or pin-cel thereof; and all ths estate, right, title, interest, use, trust, possession, property, claim sad dei*r-«ad of her, the said jfan-s Znnis, of, into ©r out of, the said v-verstl plantations, tracts or parcel of lands, tenements a:rel he-re--Ist.'.ment3, ar.d premises and every of them 5 to have and to hoM the said several plantation-.,, tracts or parcels of lands, tenements and hereditaments, anda:- and singular other the premises, unto the said ítamnel Swatv.-. and John Swann, their heirs and asvvns, in trusw: nevertheksi to and for the several uocs, intents and purposes, ?<d subject to and under the several powers, provisos, limitations and agreements hereinafter and by these presents limited, dc-fkrc-d and. expressed. And ibis indenture further witoesc-.eth, dret ior dm consideration aforesaid, a-id ire consideration of five sum nf ten shillings, like sterling money, <«. the said Jane Innis, in hand paid by the said Samuel Swann aud John Swann, at or before the en-sealing and delivery of these pr, cents, the rt-re'ptv-hereof is hev< - by ackuov. Lulled, che, the :*¡J Jan,.** Snnic, i.7 ant! with the cosí-•lent, direction and apimintm^nt of tl.o re ¡d Francis Corbin, alón» testified by his beinr pasty 10 and ¡-.-t/nln'i and “sealing these pre • a -tit.-j, hjt’n granted, bargained, sold, alie tied re;;! 1 creí-nn..'*!, and Ly thiss-e prcaems doth grant,, httryaiu, :rh-.A and ;.a mi1.-.-the said Samuel Swann and John Swann, their heirs and assigns, ®U that tract or parcel of land, situate, lying and being in New-Hanover county, containing three hundred and twenty acres, being the plantation whereon the said Jane Innis now dwells, and called or known by the name of Point Pleasant; and also all that other tract or parcel of mar3h land, containing one hundred a-eres, lying and being i,n the county aforesaid, across the river, opposite to the plantation aforesaid ; and also all the houses, out bouses, tenements, gardens, orchards, trees, woods, underwoods., profits, commodities, advantages, hereditaments, ways, waters and appurtenances whatsoevsr, to the said plantation, tracts or parcels of land abovernentioned, belonging or in any wise appertaining; and also the reversion and reversions, remainder and remainders, rents and services of the said premises, and of every part thereof, and all the estate, right, title, interest, claim and demand whatsoever, of her, the said Jane Innis, of, in and to the aforesaid two several tracts or parcels of land and premises, and every part thereof; to have and to hold the said two tracts or parcels of land and tenements, and all arad singular the said premises with the appurtenances above mentioned, and every part or parcel thereof unto the said Samuel Swann and John Swann,' their heirs and assigns for, and during the natural lité of the said Jane Innis, in trust; nevertheless to and for the several uses®, mtents and purposes, and subject to, and under the several powers, provisoes and limitations and agreements hereinafter by these presents limited, declared and expressed. And this indenture further witnesseth, that for the consideration aforesaid, and in consideration of the sum of ten shillings like sterling ¡mos<ev, to the said Jane Innis in hand paid by the said Samuel Swann and John Swann, at or before the ensealing and delivery: of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, r>h*>, the said Jane Innis, by and with the consent, direction and appointment of the said Francis Corbin also testified by his being party to and signing and sealing these presents, hath granted, bargained, sold, assigned, set over, transferred, and by these presents doth fully, freely and absolutely grant, bargain, sell, assign, .«et over and transfer unto the said Samuel Swann and John ‘Vann, their executors, administrators and assigns, all and singular her Negro slaves (3) followings by name, Peter, Johnny, Peer, V-.. Rutherford, Mingo, March, Ben, Sinclair, jun. Exeter, 11 ib, George, Qjiomino, Cato, Monrow, Murray, Jemmy, Cyrus, Canisby, Sinclair, Cufie, Jamaica, Torn, David, Mundingo, Chaiks, Charles, Betty, Murry, Cesar, Southerland, Ross, Solomon, Anthony, Carthness, Cain, Cudjo, Douglass, London, Sentry, jirr.boy, George, jun. Shields, Sandy, Cesar, Nancy, P; oshe, Lucretia, jun. Uphamh, Victoria, Jenny, Rarharv, Vio-kt, Lucí oda, Doha, Celia, Carolina Jenny, Dinah, Mary, Jen? tty Murray, Nanny, Guy, Jenny Po’I.-rd, }>•;!, Sara’?, Mihsib.j Patient, Pcgrjy, Folly, Nancy, £K’l;a,ja >. BJhidUh, Dinah, ja»» Gi.i>ira, Sr.ck.y, D;uah, Betty íiiaar-, Naany, Ei.se, together whh their [4]ji/fóreincrease{also -ü the píate, hen-a hold goods, stocks of hovs'-s, hlic't. cattli», sheep, sad hog®, and all other tbs pipona! estate cf her, the aaid Jane louts, V. acre?•:>'.a/;, r to be ff-unci in the province of Noub-Carolina or elsewhere; to have an I to hold, all and siagukir the sad! Negro slaves* together vjiift their [9\future increase* plate, house-held goods, sunk* oi horses,, black cattle, cheep and hog-,, an*! every oí them, and all the other personal estate aforesaid, of her, the aaid Jane Innis, by th-tse, presents granted, bargained, sold* assigned, sot over and transfer» •red, mentioned or intended to be granted, bar.g-dm d,sold, assign» ed, set over and transferred unto ¡belaid Samuel Swann and Johra Swann* their executors* admink-tr-itors and aas.-igus intrust; ¡nevertheless, to and for the several uses, intents ami purpose-, and subject to and under the several powers, provisoes, limitations, conditions and agreements hereinafter by these presents limited* declared and espre: ced. And this indenture futthe\“ wiinesseth, that in conskkmioa of the said intended marriag-: . and of the great love and affection the said Francis Corbia batir and bearet’n to the said Jane fnnis, and of the sum of twenty shillings sterling money of Great-Bri&in, to the said Franci-s Corbia, ia baud paid by the said Samuel Swann and John Swans,, at or before the ensealing and ddiveiy of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, he, the said Francis bath granted,, bargained, sold, aliened, released and confirmed,, and by these presents doth fully, dearly and absolutely, grant, bargain, sell, alien, release and c©< Sna unto the said Samuel, birann cad John Swann, in their actual possession, uow beling by virtue of a bargain and sals te them tbeioof made for one year,, ia consideration ten chitlings st.esIsitg money of Great-3ritair-s by indenture bearing date the day next before the day of tbs date of iheae presents, and by force and virtue of the statute for transferring uses into possession, and to their heirs and assigns, all that [£] lot or half acre sj'land, and \wharf of him, Che said Francis, lying and being in the town of Edenton, in Chorran county* purchased bv the said Francis, of Thomas Barker, Esq. also all chai island and the marsh thereunto belonging, purchased by the said Francis, of the executors of Jmiaa Craven, Esquire, deceased, lying and being near Edenton, in Chowan county aforesaid, called and known by the name oí 3imvfecrry Island, together with the houses,- out houses, improvements, and all oth^r die appurtenances to the said lot and wharf and island belonging or any wise appertaining 5 and the reversion and reversions, remainder and remainders, rents, issues and profits thereof, and of evesy part and parcel thereof and alt the «state, 1 igh£j, title, istere.'.^j re;, itx f.\z Ctebv: i J’O i". J ;s)d, v.b”, £, bf’Di ; ;jd pr-iT''r'< e, s>1 ” d -ini ;<í-A tUtnsn-1 of hist, the eaid ‘Err.:*.. •r\ to oí oyt oí the. sit'd if t or bal! arre of ?Csnd 'ind u Ss.&üooíl;, hen db ámente £ ■■•y oí" "bu as; L> ¡•■oveard to hold the sad1) !.»; or bcH r.’iv of luid, vlvrf, s .land m-xsdi, hn"ws, toiu-ruenis, arid r.br.ad ungí .kr odsei ¡hr puiíriiñ.s last an niton d, aod jiirC’J thereof, with the apj urixsv r-r., unto the paid Sfsmudl >- ••••! a-cd Jobe tini»- hub 3 .mi) assigns, intrust; ne-veriboi.-g"., 'X? ami fr»i the severa! urn r, uy>en<í! and purposes, and ^object to, .uid under the r-evt rsl power a, provisos, limitations mid agrr.-c'iuciits hereinafter by thes<* presents limited, declared and etqirjssod s And h is hereby d. clared arid agreed by ai d bet*.T'Ksn all the add parties to ther.e presents, that the said S<mm-í-I i’want» and John Swaun, their ¡vir.;, vxtatum and adminis-maiors, shall hold asid be seised uf sU and singular (he said lands, l -.lands, lot, v/harC messuages, bourse.», tenements and heredita-z and have, bold and possess all the Mgro slaves and their fuifitre [7] hicrcense, plate, t-.oust.hold goods, stocks ot horses, black c.'iDle, sheep rustí, hogo, and all and singular other the prim hi. a th&m herein before and hereby g«anud and sold as aforesaid, V. .die several uves follovwng; that r. to say; as to ali and sirs-guf.ir thrt "1 »nd3, tenements and heriditaments, in the sivf.al counties of New -llano ver and IVnden, and the Negro [if] cheer:,, jlute, household goods, sto'.kn of hovi-es,black cattle, bliec.p and Sc every of than, tlic r>-d md personal ta.l.iu oi’ihe arid Jan's 7x is, to the tr..c and behoof of d e md Jane lank, and her bf’ru -'.kl atr.igos, i:"ti? h- said ini-ended m rriajy* sh;*U be bad and 'jo-líi-.iisizefí; and from aivl alter the said intended aitarrii'gfc siiv.il h-‘ bad a;id '•olemoijz'. J, to the ot.u- u of th<- sv..d Srnmel Swam ■anrl John Swr.nn, their U<-hr;i->:- ,.uti>rr.. ar.rnir..supers and as-sj./'n:-:, in truct; net-crfhsiens, ■(•£' ike said Sama.-1 Swann and J-s. <a •! .vi>n:i, and íhe survivo" o ti.i-m, and ihe hfiri-., ercer.ut.oii .usd adottíninii (i atoro and rv-^igor. of su- h sundvor shall receive' ,-„d p?,v the ch-ar rea'*, mti [,n,pt\ oj the [9] oforewld Í u,*..', fxnenaen'.r. and heredtwm nit. m the eiumiesot Niw« finisover rr.d Biidsn, all re.isi>u-.bl> dec’ucfions bru<g first ruado Nora time to time, yearly a> d ev- >y ven. or (1 toser if conreni* ¿ntfy may be ; and 4hall aL~o permit and At ffet the ,;.rd ‘Jans Z-2--Ttis [10] to receive idi tin prt-jia or king by the ugt o s&tves afay¿* said, eitherfnen their i/f/w, inc. ea■ e or hire; and also shat Liirdi: or owv hi any mnnr» r ^viai' boat 'll and even orbes part of tho personal estate cf the sir’ Jane li afonsaid^ for anti durin-j, the term N her r' hr.-ai fll] lije ;o> h< r mi arate use and benefit, fisclusive of the rovd Francis Cotbiu, ht-r inter.dt d huatand, aiv! so thatth-: cam<?, or g»y part thereof, -shall not b< subject to th*« controul, dhposition, debtf, forfeitores, incuisdnantes or con-' tráete oí tUs said Fiznrh Corbin, bet* iutendou husband j and tba;; *11 su-di aaaa or «sums of as s'-nll be paid ur-Vo h*.r doting h>_*r coven uve ¿h olí bep.»<.: us’, - L »• -on L- índc or s;>u k veru.is. or paeons as site, the t>aA Jim-- InAr:, did! by whiny vigíe-'? vñ h her name, < f her ou n Ivov1, a; rua y, d rivet or anaakv 3 wk! tís it her oví/s; receipt shall be a suid-í-u: bk'.dpygv f-r fa- wmi'-, u.vo Sjisris-i C;«: ‘.ira and John G.vtmy or am oh.,- "abac ■¿O' vr-v, liov.vki’Sianiling Ar co</i i-;««v» AnJfnr’ ,<_r:d f'-er the f ■ V mu jane lanis., then dny, tbs east1 Ntgu; :V *-o» avA J ,ha Swan and the survivor of then!, an:! th-* h'-ivc, íiv-cm S,.-ía, and ¡¡e-i^no of such - ursm'r-, shall staav! n d tie seised of those, the said drive plniiaiions, tnwm prr< eh of Ivad, lyia<» and being on the «¡tatemóse brands oí jLr-njj Creel:, in Notv H 'novel- county, containing in the. who!iw.lie hum ilivd said sixty sms; and also of tln-ss other two plantatioa:^ tracts or p<>m.!s of LtaJ in Bladen county, the one joining t hr upper aide of Henry Simons* Land-, and -he ocher joining NA IJight’s lands ¡ and siii.ll have, hold and possess the Negro jCdl (■laces and other the personal t-stats aforesaid, of her, the irate Jane Innis, i» trust, for th'-' uses, intent; and purposes ibllovnro ; that is to say, so much of the said [!3] land., Negi 0 ska jo stv-l filler the personal estan. oí die naid jane liuiia aBnsaid, t>*e éxvee-Jing the one half rlituof, or ¡ho sum of two thou: pud \ ounda prod•¡m.ui-in aicuev, to be raised and mdd by the raid u uitec 0, and the survivor of th-. m, and the heirs, executors, a<!-irár>(SH’iiíori an.1 aecig-us of sue!, survivor, out of the whole iw’3 fend cvis-niai estate aforesaid of the said Jaw Iranis, (whichever ti»e said J.v.scshall be minded to give and di-pose of,) to the vug ‘v.N feels .-ci of such person or pc-rs -ns, his c» their heirs arid ac-cégv3 fwrev»T, to whom the said Jane, whether covcit or no!- ,, and if coveiv, notwithstanding her coverture shall, by any deed or writing, hit wil1 and testament, or other writing, ¡nirpoatipr;: lies List will and testament, a'te3ied by two or more creditable-tvitncsfaeS, give, d'vhs, [14] dhset or appoint ike t.?:djcr the zvatii of such direction and appointment, to the use of the spied Francis Coráin, his heirs or assigns Jar ever, an? the :.i/r.y heifer remaining pa> t cf the said lands.¡ Negrees, andofothe; the y. w sorad estate of (he said fane linio, to the use and behoof tf the raid Francis Cos bin, his heirs end assigns forever s And as ior too*!*. !ijr- and concerning the said lot or haif acre of land asid tv! wi h *h-i tenenH-n's am! appurtenances there to belonging ami peri.-noirg, lying and being in the town of Edenton, in Chov;."~’ &f.-.*STiv, cud the said island ceded S:rawberry Idand, and mar-l ilh'-r’o I. .5 saging, lying and l.e'n-g near Edenton, in Chow,-r wjui.:'/aSirenasd, the otate oí the said Fjaiicis Corbin to the usee and behoof of the said J'Vancis Corbin and bis heirs, «ni i?. eolermniaatior. of the said intended marriage, and from raid An -• the, arM uidvAd Sitarrian:? ¡dish b* had ?.ud solejanjaed te-tlie use ane behoof of the said Franc's Corbin and his assigns, for and during the terna of his natural life, without impeachment of or for any manner of waste, and from and after the determination of that estate, to the use and h« bool of the said Samuel Swann and J.ha Swann, and ti.tir lit irs, during the natural life of the said Francis C-*rbin, in • • v:<u, to preserve the contingent uses her.-i-; ■ r liuved from being haired and destioyed, and for that, impose- . o nuke entilen and bring actions a» the case shall * r,qiir¿, yet so as to perms;, snd stdLr i.u said Francis Cor-b‘.u to •.eftivt the rents and pr< hts ol the said last mentioned premia: s fo,' during his r.«,tu[al I'iV, cmdjrom and after his decease^ ['-5] ,'hen to the use a id ithorf of the said fane Jitnis, hiv intended w.,e.. and her a; *■ m\, jor and during the term of her natural lije without impeachment if or jor any v, antier of zvastc? and from anri atur tíre decease oi the said i ,,¡í Corbin and Jane, his intended wifi, and uu longest 1» k r oí them, to the tsse and behoof of the said Francis Cm bin, his heirs and assigns ior ever: Provider! always, and it h declared and agreed by and between the said parties to these presents, that it shall be lawful to and for the stud Francis Corbin, during the tea rn cl his natural life, and from and aftt r his decease, to and tor ¡he said Jane, during the term of her natural lile, as when the said Francis Cor-bin and J.uie shall be ir the actual possession of the said last mentioned premises limited to tire said Francis Corbin and the said Jane I unis during ’their several and ro'-jH c’dve lives, by any deed or deeds attested by two or more creditable witnesses, to demise, lease or grant the said or half acre of land and wharf, with the tent merits, hereditaments and appurtenances thereto belonging, and the aforesaid island and marsh, with, the appurtenances thereto belonging, to any person or persons-, for and during the term of the respective life of the said Francis or Jane, and no longer, for and upon such- rents as to the said Fraud# er Jane shall seem meet and convenient, so as every such lease contain a condition for re-entry for non-payment of the rent thereby to be reserved, and so ,as every such lessee do execute a counter part oí such lease §■ any thing herein to the contrary notwithstanding. Provided also, and it is hereby further declared and agreed by and between the said parties to thtr® presents, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Jane, notwitstanding her coverture, and as if she were sole and unmarried by any deeds, writing or writing?,, signed by her, with her name, of her own hand writing, sealed and delivered in the presence of two or more creditable witnesses, with the consent ©f the said Samuel Swann and John Swann, and the survivor of them, and the heirs of such survivor, testified by their being par-tiest wsticb deed or deeds, to. make any kasc orinases, dtraise» er rousts, of t:il or my of the lands limited to the said Samuel Sr'-iM and Join Svrzaa r.»:d their heirs, in ¿rust for the solo and 0 ro.uKte Uoe a'id behoof of ¿he sAd June lanía as aforesaid, to an’-* person or pr.tion*, fur tbs tern of ihe natural iiie of the salts J we longer, for and upon su¿h ron to as ¿he sai'.! Jit»*! ch-i rgree for or shell think tnoec ai:d convenient: And abo £01 the raid Jsne írnap W.K to time, and ail times hereafter, during her uní! j! hie, xA «¡ken sbesu-fU h*' so m!ad-':d,uoi-v;tksf.csnd.:ig her [; 5] c/A a if ¿ :j were ::-b- and unwarned,. o ir-.¿ a: A lake uf'>n htr iAiAs vA ¿Pe care, erdering, direction end vaan.'igeint.ni of thet N<grn slave-!, and nil oilier the perianal eslule herein before limited to ihe sad ‘¡¡le.vel Seoann arid j/chn dtcamz., ¿heir executors, cA;A,ii\traior.- a¡.d c ?/> inns, in trust for the yds and separate ties of Vic .said feme <:-■ ujore-'-aid; and to receive, have, take and dispose of ihe f>r j, v (iriinigjrom ike same and every pari thereof either by the lac ,¡¡ \ aire u/ulincrease of the Negro sLvas, increase of the ¡nock. of hurts b, black obit , sheep and. hog;, or mhsrvrisi', at her wife no 1 ¡>1< asure, Mid f.isuck raennsr [if'j at she Audi plots or riiip-fv vAhoi-. the < • ¡-.'¡¡rou!, inter-uv tiling, t-i'o ™i;p‘;os-:, kt o; biisdr.oice ol ike said I’uuvAs Co;1tin, ner iiiV'nded ’ tsbar-d, any Untig heiviu helote contained to the eoa'rary1 i-HWJtnstasiding. Provi-Jud also, sad it is hereby furthtfr declared and agreed by all the said patties tu diese pr-;« sente, that is shall ars1 i s;s.i; be lav/íul to asid for the* ¿rl;l Fiaiicis Govbin and the said J-m>, his mteud-.d wise, ac uv time during be;- natural lit.-, nelwiuisiaadmg het coverture, with the conaein of the said Samuel S^ann arid J .hn Citan a or the survivor of i besa, firu had in writing, atiesto' by three or avirc-. creditable witnesses, and if the said Samuel Swann and John Swann shall feodi of them he dead, then fur ¿be said French Corbin and jane jlcais, imhoui such consent, by aay writing or writings by mein to be signed and sealed in ihe pretence of ¿bree t-r more uvclkable witnesses, and proved, the said Jane being first privately examined, touching her cons,-sre and ..grtt-ateni thereto, in dje form of law (tod &m cure/vAiv) to revoke, all or any of th*.- tec and uses, trusts, estates and limitations herein before limited and declared of or concerning the said ¿ande., Negro [IS] >.!ut:o • <snd their increase, plate, hoatehoid goods, stocks of L»rs*-s, t'Ack cattle, shesp and hogs, herein bifoiv mentioned, and by t&e same ws king or writings, or by any other deed or deeds wgn*\l, sealed, iseccted, attested aud proved as aforesaid, ( he said J«nt- being first privately examined as aforesaid,] ab-.olnlchj to sell[\9] and dispose of the said lands, Negro slaves ¡ plate lioid goods, stocks of horses, black cattle, slieip and l:cgs, cr tny of them, to such person or persons, to such uses, weens and purposes as they, the said Franck Corbin anti ihe said J -nc,, ibis intended wifr, shall lirail, íktlare'or appoint; any ¡Fug 
      bsr '"ii b.fwo contained to the contrary notwithstanding : And l\e vitd Fi nd;' Corbin and Jane I >n;3 do hereby severally covenant, prcffiii,;; and agree to and with th<" ¡>úd Samuel Swarm fci’d John Sw.'iiU, their h i , x rutors and administrators, that the ->rd hod-, snd every of tu m r h their and every of their s ¡/hi it nance?, and Negro [-0] tluVr-% plate, Iv u sehold goods, erode? of horses, bhuk cattle, -ii. • p mí h.-gs and prt smses, and cil a-i l every of diem, s ¡all and m y he a si tun a 1.0.11 hen. e-7:h p'-acoahly and qu.v.iy hi Id md eijineu b\ (in- raid S.m.-u-e] Swann and John bwana, and tv.-k- bens, ts-. cutois, and ad-rúmt;; .r: a*, '.ording to ilse ocvti í u¡c,> s and .';r>and upon a .d trad -r the ce'-’: ral lrut.re, and subject to the several provisos b before mentioned, limited, t rpi^ssed or dirt cted, touching and concerning the same; and tanher, thr.t they, the said F ; net 5 Corbin and Jane Innis, shall and will at all i.’.ovr- here af-ta 7, upon the reasonable request oí the said Samuel Swarm and John Swann, trek”, do or execute, or cause or procure to be rvdr, done arel executed, ail and every such further ar.d other lawful reasonable grants, acts and avia mocee In law whatso-e’er lor the further, better and more pm feet fynoting and assar-:r.q of all and singular the said leads rdda *he uppmleaances and ■Jit [21J Negro Naves, plate, Ljxsehf'ld íyoods, stocks of horses, ’iUik rank, sheep and hogs and prenv-; and every of theta dove t-i — tí i, to a.;d for the several uses, intents and t.sr-m/h nod unu vr the t.usts and subject to die provisos herein ' ..-urc con aim ;1, according to tVte true intent and raeatm's-' of these pi-octnic, as by the said Samuel Swann and Joint Swann 0? rhe survivor of th-.m, the heirs, exatutora and ajlmkiiatiatoj-;; of such ,i)i vivor, fir their or ary 0? their counsel learned in th i Í3W, chalí be reasonably devised or advised and required. And • ’’n i: !•'. agrt ed b\ and be ■ wren the said Francis Coibhi 3rd Are. Innú». thu in ras»> the a dd intended marriage shall taka cft'-ci, a.'.d (hat the said Jane shall run vivo the said Francis Cor-bin, tív.í citen ana in that ca r, the htbc, < xccutors, administrate, .v r.vul ¿«.igi s of the said F-anc¡s Cotí.in shall out ot the other r ríete r.dta'seever of the sata F .men, foot m these presents before tr-cr.tioaedj or out of pm Rid uihing tbettfrom pay to the tr.'d i¡'r.;hj [:td"j at d every year, die yearNy sum of one Jr -v \ :r »■ \l i\zr:iiy pounds proa 'nir.y, being the yearly ■¡r'..r.•, six pci'cent, of the oenra 01 iv:o thousand pounds like v - v i-Tow Crie ir.ucature í- i'iítev ' •'Lner.eth, that the said 3J, lor at!*'! in conciaa'; id ib j said inti-cckd j ; , b: If;...*:.• :eir?. executoii; cud mi ir ,:i.r.sto- , . . , . f‘dj fi oré. i. ond grant >0 and vAN, the ¿aid Suvai~ . ’ j . i ' JJ.’ri ¿’v,.iL,.lr hen;, 1 recvlcre-ved<;<r, rdi.lr.y :■ i ■>- -,j -e diet, .-1 intend”!' s¿\ovií-y' stv.H í:.,! e effect, .. vi J.;:ve chail uindv” hiiu, 'he t-a.'l I’ahk: Coi!..«ñ, 
      i°>- it aid ra {list ewe th« heirs, ewe cutara, sdrA-Aii ...a-;, ?<v] aír.n-yw o( i‘is !',?'t..l Frinric Corbin ohrll out f>j x¡te [_■;] olU ¡ e..totc vjk::t,"i;:vcr of tvm-., th¿mid Ftam:h Cotmt,m/d h <:c ■sh'di cr ri'iv, d>c fo&wied* or m vny dine of Ida ti<:t:e<iae bo eu! ’Hr;, y, in f.neíis piunmo oe«o>-r mrnuosud) orad cj'lhefrof'-f oil-id">" ¡jot ro t!>.; said Jane, vtasiy cm) .‘re’" v. ;>r , Wv.: yewrh . u a ■/ ese hundred and twenty pound*., pn'>.VEW.;: raonsfy : Provided always and lastly, and ii is ht-i « xy.-ers •*’, dec» '¡red mn i*vT*sftd to be the true intent and re>i.?.r.hi;? oí tb<»E ■ •p\*,i-.nt8 and of tb< said parties, that the said ÍV*ro» 1 Garrea • ¶. ¡ John iawanfi, thci? heirr, orsecutors and admir.'.ou-iuor.. revi ■ » Cifran shat; net, noi shall any oí there by virtue o- »!»» :•* ' r->-: .aor snail they or either of them he chírgtd u¡ ••hup.r ¡le T"¡ the ree-ipir,, payments or acts cf the other -¡vY:» re, L;¿. ■ re i Slietu íor «red with his own receipt: ;5 payment-' A .rev ,or-S'.- . r - sur? othtrti,:se; ir.or i.haH they or cithci o';-i- ,- ,v ■ chaty-eable ttiili ;u,y loss or L.sbls ih'-.v rret-y l-t-pr.c n > , insulvetaey Y or bj the said Funds Ccr'/m ere rev, , hi ' : : V «. J o;líe, oi i. Ywr of ¡hem, or of or by cry cYrer pc; ; . s rere \slv,;si.':t es-; And that- they the said Gsru.Y -ote... , JVv.s Gwanra, ih, Y heirs, executors aad adiAuA-nucu ¡Y - . • jyül hvKA time to time out of die trust estates afores'f-i, -¡ t; h ic is, chri'V.'- y damages and espenr.es which there or . ■ ; 1 tile?», their or either of their executors or adramiair.itors Y.Y |.‘-ay. bear c” be put unto by virtue or vt&soa of the taw h-wbre in them re y o ¡reel, or the execution thereof or otherwise w. 'rel ■, tarretij ; any (hiojc; heroin before cc:v-tisú, d to the conn ary ibrere ei r.j any wiso n^twUhsrmtyttng.
    In witness v;l. rcoi, lA: said parties within mentioned, Y .• io these pr>’Sentj. imwciisaa^i^ily seílhtir ha"dr. and s-.y'. .. ,■’ .» day and year first above writieu.
    
      Upon v-bi-i deed, this defvnd%nt*s count;ti f~¡i, drvi »m the oh’iiiii of Mr. Corbin, intestate-, his widow vcjc; not eut;-slod so tke increase of the negro slaves, bom íiX'.e ihe-doí; «C dccdj for by part 2, 3 and 4, the nt-yrots and ¡f.Ar hw «r«‘% axe vested in the trasievs % part 3, io be hdd with thri; Acrwve, aud part aicoto these use?, vis. as to thr irecy-w riavc s, to |.'eniut her, part 10, to roccr.e ail the puifí s w-hr.r,, fcp fr.c negra sis.vus ticrisa'd; which, tv reiert-rr.-, ir.rird the negro slaves and their increase, either Irons tArr hl'cr, .• «'.uw.j or hire; and their profits bj íncr-as-, Etcare.-. prciS c d--rived from or by means oí the labor or hire of tbs ¡raxuw-co tjouli be inconsistent to vest the increase In the trusses,; '-f i sublet of trust, and direct them to hold the iucK-L.-e ist tvu t> and. av tice s--mn time to make thitn a pan of her separate e.-.iax, and to give her power, by part 16, to take c-«d dispe-e ri duns at h-tr will and pteasnr.-. Mcieavtf, she c r-o wear fonU-ré* ’ey part 19, may sell and dispose under restrictions there nseníiofe» ed, of the said negro slaves ; which, by reference, are the ne-groes' vested in the trustees — that is to say, both negroes and their increase. And how could it be necessary to give them jointly this power, if as to the increase, they are intended by the deed to be absolutely heirs i And here the term, said negroes, relates to the last antecedent, in part IS, where the wordj increase, and their power to revoke the uses concerning the said negroes and their increase, is expressly mentioned, and immediately afterwards it is added, and they may sell the said ne-groes.
    Secondly s They argued that this marriage settlement was to be considered as a bar to her claim of a distributive share of the estate ©f F. Corbin, which belonged to him by this deed » and they cited 1 Fonb. 92. 2 Vern. 58. 4 Viner, 40. 2 Vern. 709. 1 P. W. 324. 3 Atk. 419. 1 Vez. 1. 1 P. W. 324. 2 Bro. Ch. 95, 394, and many other cases.
    Thirdly : They argued, that she had under this deed, a provision made for her out ef his estate. In part Í iv a lot, wharf, and island, are to be to her use after his death, for the term of h-r life; and that this made him a purchaser in tquity, of all the í -tate secured to him by the deed of a settlement j and he has also provided her with £. 120 per ann. to be paid to her for life, in case of her surviving turn, in part 22 s and they doubted whether his estate, being a trust estate, was subject to the act of distributions.
    
      B contra-
    
    She is entitled under this deed to the increase, aS a part of her separate estate ; for the negroes1 and increase are mentioned in parts 1, 3 & 4, where the purposes of the deed and the passing of the property to the uustets, is provided for ; and in part 7, where the trustees are to hold the property ; yet ia part 10, the word, increase, is dropped as an antecedent, and made use of as a relative, she is to receive the profits of the negro slaves, by labor, hire or increase. And whj is the omission so carefully observed? Is it not btcause otherwise, profits by Increase, would have meant profits by increase of the negroes and increase ? Whereas the writer meant the increase themselves to go to her ? In part 12, where the trusts of the property, and particularly of the negroes vested in the trustees are stated, the term, ¿aerease, is also carefully omitted. They are to hold the negroes in trust, that so much of the saicl negroes, &c. Why is the term, increase, dropped here ? The answer is, because the increase were appropriated to her by part 10. in part 16, she is to take the direction and management of the negro slaves, and to take the profits arising from the same, by the labor, hire and increase of the negro slaves. Wbv is the term, increase, here omitted as the antecedent? And why is she directed to take and .repose c; thtfc prrñt?, by increase in such man!i*y as sise shsñl p ease and think fir í Here the exoression is, Lí'rea&e oí’ útv ‘iL'igrv '-laves. lí’ íhe-teríu, proS g by increase, eoiílcl be consíra---.cl :n par;-: 10, to be some other increase than that of .-Wres,, is is i ;;re o"-.i dired c.reacts vocally what is meant. It vcunoC be u~> Jc.'j-I otherwise than drat she is to dispose at her pieastue re rév n.-^i children boro cfcrr t}iede<*dc
    impart 1?, the trustees, aiuor her death, are to possess and :; .5J. tha negrn Awes for th- uses, &c« — -Why i» the word, ia-ererere r-ot Lire used? in u because by park JO ati-I Id, the 5b-rerere js given to the ferae.
    N J3, wiser? power is ¡rives: to her to dbno-.e by rdu, fh'-. tows, * -re-re r, is omitsed . p,>d j.; was properly sredtred, be» '.jlt.w a. i,.v tV. ire re-re, the rseded ¡rt? cue!*-Mi’er, tiiai beiry dn-a *y --vetod in Let ly psrt 1<?«
    The .'vovsbi. winds the ingenuity of coarse! have thrown upon this ns-*:doR, is produced byreffening the words, /.-reíts by in* crere, f>■* i.V ”,7Crds, negroes and increase, menuc-ned iu 1,0, re-i re /í should be lesnembtsx’d, that the last aatecedct.t is in psit 5:0, imisi.JLtt.Sy precedes the sNailse words,pnjsts b?j ¿¡¡ctreec, Tkeru is no irele better established tfcsm this j than .ve/ic rclf¡<¿ adprexi¡m:m mtecedeTis refucení. if this míe be sp« .piled to the deed in queaskm, which seems to have beep, draw a with íjacom-rtoa accuracy, it will dispel all the áoübts which Lave ;• c-'-'r-' ?»k-d by referring the tosas to a remote «tna-ecdf o' ; ior then, a« rl:;?iiy -as can be spoken in our language, she vuit Le KHiirifd to profit", by increase of she negroes, and no one i.n.’ore cistcsii-.v -will he.found in the whole deed j and every feat of the d/'C'J, resort: the word, increase, is used or omtfmd, will be fresre jdcie’y reqNréored and accounted for.
    As to icbt yiu-sEJon, whether she is barred of her distributive tihi-rv of tro property he acquire Í under this deed, it is to be ic-w'srl'ed, tl-xt «ontcpcts in prospect of marriage, ase of various .drees: sornas estilo specific property! others, covenam \a> yr •; money, or setde property or money. With respect to those; which settle property specifically, some of them are in bat* of the fis.'nr.a claims of the wife ; and some of them operate as a purchaser .her fortune and future acquisitions. Such as operate in bar f£ her future claim."-, have ‘¡hat quality, not merely because ire y see -re! dements of property in p* aspect of marriage 3 nor indeed río they derive any part of this quality from the consideration ti’ ¡-I they are seH-sments of property between tfee husband wtl vp’fi; 3 bu* solely and only from the consideras ion that tb" p&nb.s Lave nrer-rer! dtsy shall be in bar oi heir future cLiras» And such .■'tircemfut must be evidenced either by the express terms oft ¡e 4-'01 that they shall be in bar, and of what fmure ch-imc psr-i-f* wthiog will bs barred unless Included widon tfce í xtent of the terms made use of: For instance, dower will uot be bane<l by a inarrir.ge settlement, when it ixcraes by the death •-.f the husband, unless it be mentioned in the deed that the set-dement is to be its bar of her dourer, or unkss that meaning and raíeoí is to be fairly inferred from she terms nrw.de use of in the deed* In G. Do 2 yoL Chancery Dower, 3 E. it is laid down it em Equity Cases, 152, that a woman shall not be restrained fjo;a having her dower, v/hi-re the husband makes a setthment up- • « her in consideration cf die marriage portion, if it is not ex-¡ti • r.ed to be in bar oi dower, and it does not appear to be < i-ptwcly intended. If a settlement by him oi Ids estate, in coiuN der.ilU'.ii of her portion, will not bar her, how much less will she A; barred when he settles nothing of hia own upon h-r, and gets !?y the settlement, half of her estate? & Atkins,' 3. 2 Verano,' 3S5, E. Ca. 213, 219, support the pilnciple, that she is not barred cf her dower, unless by an agreement cleatly expressed, ov plainly to be implied from the deed. The same principle cp-plies with equal force, and is equally well supported in regard to hsr claims upon the personal estate- — her distributive share lor instance ; it is not barred by a settlement unless agreed to be so, and that agreement sufficiently expressed. In 3 Bro. Ch. C. 3G2, h lease-hold' estate was settled previous to marriage upon the wife, in recompense and bar oi dower ; and jar a provision fer the wife, the husband had no real estate ; and the question was, whether this was a bar to the wife’s claim of thuds; and L. Chancellor held it was not. Though mentioned to We for a prevision for the wife, yet not being expressed to be in lar of her thirds, the necessary agreement to render it a bar, did net appear. 2 Vernon, 725, 1 Aik. 439, 1 Vernon, 15, ‘ate to this came effect. Another circumstance very material in the píesete oase, is, that there is no case to shew that a settlement of the wife’s estate on her, or of part of her escale on her, has ever W-cut by construction, made to be a bar where there are not 'X-ptess words: 3 P« W. 199. P, Ch. S3. 2Vera. 53. 1 E. C. yO. There is no agreement expressed nor to be implied, from whet is expressed in the deed now before ns, for the purpose oi' hairing any claim of the wife, whatsoever: There is no s-ith thing hinted at i And if it be a true rule that she cannot be A'r-ted of her thirds, unless there be tin agreement for the puipcse, Ara we may conclude that she is not barred of bar third.-, a< moiety of his dying intestate.
    Then the next question will be, can he be considered as a y utchaser of her fortune and future Requisitions, under ihb «Ned ? A man by making- settlement on his wife, may placa himself in a situation to be considered in equity, as a purchaser of her property ; — but the» in the first place he must male the purchase by a settlement on her, of his property, not her own.-SrcoatHy; It must be agreed that «<? shall be conshseml as a, purcliMc-rt Thirdly ; tnertt must be such words isseii ?3 ¡;■(. H'ifS'-'uíú- to shew it. Fur tmotjort of the first polar, hi? died $. p. ff, 19S. la support of the second, he eked 3 Fonb» 62£, Ana bier, 692. 4 Viner, 40, P. Ch, 209. 1 Fonb. 310. 2 Verr*. CA 3 C. B. £90 j a A husband ssulss, a jAdiwre suitable so the pshtlos yf his wife, which consists of enrosan ir» action, and the in-?’'irifstnc.T sv>i tied,theUusbamd«lies,híe szeculcr shall nothsve tho«« doble, or tí».? Imherkancc, without a special Eigrceraeaf for that pur • ¡toss, th-ru ph th.e husband left not etlierabe assets for bis debts, ’5 A-:i In supporc of the third point, mmrúy% that such words ur<ia¿ be used in the deed as imply the property settled to be for her fortune, he cited 2 V«z. $77. í E. C. A. 1/0,70, zs to say, thus ha mnlres it in considero,iicn of her fortune, or in lieu thereof, t Vernon,“ Vernon, 68, £01. 3 P, W. -3;", 3 P. Wo 6G5, 2 Atk„ 443. 3 Atk. 20. There is uo such, agreement here, ci-ther expressed os Implied ; and therefore he cannot bn eonHcJeirt o4 as a parchasen The settlement is not expressed to Le raude «? his estate, in consideration of her fortune, but fur anü az cost* 'i'd.eratien of a marriage, he. and for settling land, negree?, Etce : A estate of the said fane Innis»
    "Wkh suspect to comxmaats to pay money; ks they he cotí-ríante to pay after tbs death of the husband, sad as he leavso her t?s mush by will, os- to devolve upon her as her share, 5tl& a pet „ jbrmance or s-ifisfaction cs’fhe conversant s S Atk..419o 3 Vc?u, '109. 1 Vezey, A 1 Ves. £20. Shut if die convenient be perfore:.. dels In his life time, \k 0 debt; and debts are to be paid first, and, ihs Gurplut; divided — -sad thaw she is to be paid, ssd to divide the surplus also ; 1 P. W. 324. 51 Juro. C. Ch. 63o S 3ro. Ch Gh, 384» 3 Him. C. Ch. 8£. Here is eo coves*snS for paysaeA of ruouay in she lifetime o£ the husband ; and the orij consider», siten roscaiidaw, is whether there beany thing gives to hería ua= fiisftrticm of her claims. lie has covenanted indeed, after his deads, this his. executors shall pay her ÍSO per sesione, for her life. Is will not be pretended that this covenant vtss to bt: ?t.z a pinchase of or in bu? of her future claims. Et vas covenant» ed for the reasons sad considerations expressed as ths causee of tiizZ deed 5 and it has never been performed, for It is Ahaltted by the phrad'ngss to be in arrear; and it is hardly denied, that lie had nothing wherewith to pay >r %• and for one thing to be m «. tisTcdon of another, It mast be of equal value s 2 V. SF, 40®. .2-Verm. 4FS. 3 Bro. C- Ch.,íC0. 2 Fonb. 883. é V. jun. hi 1. It must be of the same mature ”, t V. £21.. 1 P. C. S9é, 2 Foot. 32/. A.ndi It must be rouaiSy certain; 1 Y. £31. 2 V. CS6. P. Cíí. 384. 1 P. W. 403. *5 P. W. £53, 616. t V. Í26. 2/>t=„ 300. 3 P. W. 22'/., 1 P. W. 410,14th ed. The lot, wharf sud. do not answer this ¿cscripdoa; her iater^sS tfcsreia b*1 contingent, depending upon bus death before he A : .ft ;s a Izo for her life only ; whereas her moiety is fore - (t ; They are of thfferent are* ives; tor one; is realty, and the o.Iier personally ¿ and tiu-y are oi very differ-:ot valuer» — -How a. t property to ibe vsiue f>f one hundred pounds, ever be p/s.-un-.-i to bo iu satis* iaetion of claims to uioperty for ten thousand ? She 5". c.mitkd to the annuity, berau-e be has m itUer given sor kit bes j>.i\ pto-perry equival-m rhej eto ; and she is es-TAd to he; dure h.u: ;,v.i share, bsrause there is nothing oves;., resting aside *.tv-. .v. ssr.r ibr an agreementthat the settlement should S'e its bar winch be has given oi his, in exchange for her cb-im*. Sls<* uevei h.vl any interest in the lot, wharf and island, because dUe sutviv*.d the husband.
    As to tfce objection, that the hnobandV trust csitte i; not subject to the act oi limitations, a truot estate in personalties is as much subject to distribution on the death of the intestate o«n.~ 4-í, as a legal estate in personalties is; 2 Fonb. 15. 2 Aik. 2GG, 299. 1 Vernon, 204. 1 P. W. 109. 1 Vez. 23A
    The ca-.es cited on the other side, belong to distinct classes 2 Some of them are cases where the husband has been ccmbdered as f. purchaser, by making an equivalent settlement. Such are í Fonb. 92. 2 Vernon, 53. 4 Vine;*, 40. Pre. Ch. 209, 33, 312. 3 F. W. 199. These respect his claim oi that which ivas her’s ; cot her claim as in the present case of that which was his ;' and are therefore inapplicable. Some are cures of satisfaction, where the question is, whether the wife’s share shall be a discharge cf that which was covenanted? Gush are 2 Vern. v"09. 1 P. V/. 324. 3 Aik. 419. 1 Vezey, 1. 2 Bro. C. Ch. 95, 394. Here it is contended that she is barred of her share ; not that it is a bar of any covenants he has made ; they are therefore equally map* ipiicable. Others again are cases of performance of covenants tor th-i payment of money to be made after the huab-su’s death, xnd which are deemed to bepestomed by a share of tq*r-’ value coming to the wife, ouch as Vezey, ¿20; but here they cc.mend that no share comes to her. Every case of purchase of her pet-t.on, s?.‘isiacflon or performance of covinamo most kc laid strict-} they are arranged 2 €. B. 2 IfL 10, 3 D. 2, The car.es r. Such oars be properly cited are those only which tend to | rove that a to; dement on the wife is of itself a bar of her claim to a d-isui-hutive share of her husband’s estate : And «-.very ceae of that class will be found to stand upon this priocipie — *thaí tbe wiie has agreed to accept of the settlement in bar oí her t-l>are; and that such agreement is expressed u. sufilcleniiy implied in ihü deed of settlement. — -A settlement alone well re the hush-iiidV. ertaté will not tar her. The case in 1 Atkins, 4-39, is ured ■to be in bar; and the Lord Chancellor relied upqn line, .uhich. he ire?d not have dona, if the tclgL&isX of s»seli \n.z «, i. -=. The cunte vem-’s-b" rpply to 2 Tornos, 72&~-=4 Yerso'i, 15 — ¿ 7'v„ 55» The Lord foancrifor thought k wvfol be is No «fo 7í 77- o'j ltd doiat ao vn km,y if the dtvd Iia.i .cid ifos.-i" ,; v...; :v.w ;’k i join-ar>"„ r]:ne>uHsc principie prvu’s in c; ws oí ■cj'I &.i«. cenaos bo. bated, although there be a settlement iu-: tv’ C'í'-I to be «a !>¡t — 3 T* '.aow. 335 — E. €•» A» fo»S — -3 Atfo 0-3.".. r. E. C. Vfo.
    jwlge 'Lock seem*:J to í.hív_ it tvas needless r.o co?ifoi;>v vfo<v td,¿ v rwfo. .'e-ííe y'as OT.tb.ku roíbe Í£str¡’e«.M ot’xhj ib,.o;•<•*.».% £7; ib'* deed Jíwcis, íbaf: rt hv d-vtls ahe may dispose o" Lriy, &n ao.l the other half or remu,.m>ig pe.fi of the ■•/aid knee, Ne groa: and ether ihe pcruyml e:¡c:e cfeiic said j-'he Isifo, to for iwí-1 and belief of the szid fowfo, foe. par? 14; r»<J :v»..-v fore fo she w*s eiiti:£'-c‘- to foe ina’¿?ee, bvfoat-s foe half winch a",;.-. jfogfo; fiifaji. .s... oh by folk Src. tuat was a part of her personal estate, and Sxdotv-etl vaiv? ibh ckuse to ¿he husband. lie z: cíate. .cvfoifo ató-- w r/«s vOTeu of her distributive share by the s-cvilfeancnh
   ¿iod j «rige,

thought that profits by increase of Megs oes rav-w Tryiü : ¡u w-jrs 10 and part 16, did not meta the young í-fogroeí, torn sfoer tbs nrAmg of she deed; And a.-» to her f-'.ir.fowutk idv.ee-, he thi 'Ugr. i «.hat ail which either party cock! claim wra íkv tail uaifocradk by the deed ; end that site was net endded to daiat inore ihau that had Essigtu d.

Tim coti'tssl of the foairitEi perceiving the opinion of Í.U; Coart, eisuai .sed fcjc b.lí and commeuced Ids risk .¡It nwo in for? Circuí*, Court c£ the United Svies»  