
    John C. Rodgers, Jr., Plaintiff, v. The City of New York, Defendant.
    (Supreme Court, New York Trial Term,
    June, 1906.)
    Contracts — Performance of contracts — Rights accruing on partial performance — Entire contracts.
    Municipal corporations — Contracts — Authority to contract — Party contracting with municipal corporation bound to know extent of authority.
    In an action against the city of New York by a contractor for damages for its refusal to permit him to enter upon and fulfill a contract which comprehended street paving, for which the municipal authorities might lawfully contract, and certain repairs and improvements to sidewalks which, for want of the proper proceedings, they were not authorized to contract, where the contract refers to the work, everywhere in the instrument, as the whole work to be performed and is an entire contract, held, that the plaintiff was bound to know the extent of the authority of the municipal officers and cannot recover.
    Motion for direction of verdict for defendant at the trial.
    L. Baffin Kellogg, for plaintiff.
    John J. Delany, Corporation Counsel (James T. Malone and Francis Martin, of counsel), for defendant.
   Fitzgerald, J.

In February, 1902, owners of property on or near Tremont avenue, petitioned the local board of Morrisania, borough of the Bronx, to initiate proceedings for paving Tremont avenue, from Third avenue to Boston road, with granite block pavement on a sand foundation. On March twelfth following, the board adopted a resolution providing for the work, which resolution was approved by the board of estimate and apportionment of the city of. New York, and thereafter the president of the borough of the Bronx advertised for bids or estimates for the work called for, but included in these advertisements additional work, to wit, estimates for “new curb stone and setting the same, old curb stone to be reset, etc., new bridge stone to be laid, old bridge stone to be re jointed and relaid, old flagging to be relaid, new flagging to be laid, dry rubble masonry for bringing retaining walls to proper grade, and thirteen receiving basins.” This proposed additional work was without lawful authority, the statutory steps had not been taken in reference thereto, and the contract executed by the president of the''borough of the Bronx to the plaintiff, who was the lowest bidder, was illegal. The work authorized was what is known as “ assessment work,” the cost of which was to be assessed upon the property deemed to be benefited thereby, and it is clear that no assessment could be legally imposed and collected therefor. Upon a readvertisement after proper proceedings a new contract was awarded under which the work was performed. Plaintiff insists that the contract is a separable one and that so much of it as related to the laying of granite block pavement on a sand foundation was entirely legal and claims damages for the breach. The contract was entire, all its material provisions are common and interdependent. 7 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law (2d ed.), 95. It is everywhere referred to in the instrument as the “ whole work to be performed.” Moore v Mayor, 73 N. Y. 238, was an executed contract, and the decision there rests upon certain equitable principles applicable to the circumstances of that particular case. In Donovan v. Mayor, 33 N. Y, the court said (p. 293) : “ The parties aggrieved have no remedy against the corporation. They were employed in contravention of the policy and terms of the "statute and they cannot invoke the aid of the courts to enforce an unlawful agreement. They could not contract with the city, except through its authorized agents, and they are chargeable in law with notice of the limitation of official authority imposed by general laws.” In Jardine v. Mayor, 11 Daly, 116, the following, was declared to be the rule: “ It does not appear equitable that the city should be mulcted in damages for the failure to allow a contractor to enter upon and fulfill a contract for an improvement which the adjacent property should pay for, and for which they could not collect an assessment because of defects in proceedings preliminary to the awarding of the contract.” Verdict directed for the defendant.

Verdict for defendant.  