
    Dixon, Administrator, Respondent, vs. Sheridan, imp., Apellant.
    
      April 5
    
    May 2, 1905.
    
    
      Statute of frauds: Parol agreement to' make a will: Parol transfer of personalty; Conversion: Double damages.
    
    1. In an action for conversion of certain personal property alleged to belong to a decedent’s estate by transfer from his father, the evidence, stated in the opinion, is held to show a parol agreement by the father to make a will of real and personal property in favor of decedent, and such agreement, being indivisible, was void under the statute of frauds.
    '2. Under sec. 3824, Stats. 1898 (providing that if any person, before the granting of letters testamentary or of administration, shall convert any property of the deceased, such person shall be liable for double the value of the property so converted), a conversion, after the appointment of a special administrator but before the appointment of the regular administrator, is not within the terms of the statute.
    
      Appeal from a judgment of tbe circuit court for Juneau, county: J. J. Eeuit, Circuit Judge.
    
      Reversed.
    
    This is an action for tbe conversion of a quantity of grain, and farm property of tbe alleged value of $554. Tbe action was brought by tbe plaintiff as administrator of tbe estate of one William Sberidan, deceased, and it is alleged in tbe complaint that tbe property was commuted after tbe death of said William Sberidan but prior to tbe appointment of tbe plaintiff as administrator; and judgment is demanded for double tbe value of tbe converted property, under the-provisions of sec. 3824; Stats. 1898. Tbe answer is in substance a general denial. Tbe action was originally brought against Owen Sberidan, Sr., father of tbe deceased, and' Owen Sheridan, Jr., tbe appellant, a brother of tbe deceased, as joint defendants. It appeared on tbe trial that in 1896' tbe deceased, William Sberidan, being an adult, commenced to work bis father’s farm, and continued so to do until bis death, May 1, 1901; that tbe father and mother lived upon tbe farm and tbe father did some work thereon, using the-farm property and stock and participating in tbe management, the deceased, William, living with them in tbe father’s bouse; that William married May 14, 1900, at which time-be moved into a separate bouse, situated on tbe farm, with bis wife, but still continued to work tbe farm. Tbe plaintiff claims that all tbe personal property on tbe farm was transferred to William by bis father at some time after 1896, but this ii^ denied by tbe defendant. On tbe 6th of May, 1901,. Owen Sberidan, Sr., deeded tbe farm to Owen Sheridan, Jr. May 23, 1901, P. A. Oleary was appointed special administrator of William’s estate, and, upon bis demand, about $400 worth of personal property was turned over to him. Tbe plaintiff was appointed administrator July 13, 1901, and' this action was thereafter brought to recover tbe value of the-balance of the grain and property upon tbe farm. A general verdict was rendered in favor of tbe defendant Owen, Sheridan, Sr., but against the appellant, Owen Sheridan, Jr., and assessing the plaintiffs damages at $1,150. Upon motion, the court set aside this verdict unless the plaintiff would remit therefrom $750, which remission being made, judgment was entered for $400, and Owen Sheridan, Jr., appeals.
    For the appellant there was a brief by Veeder & Veeder, and oral argument by O. A. Veeder.
    
    For the respondent there was a brief by Bowler & Bowler, ■and oral argument by J. J. Bowler.
    
   WiNsnow, J.

The plaintiff’s title to a considerable part of the property in dispute rests upon an oral transfer of the personal property claimed to have been made by the father, Owen Sheridan, Sr., to his son William, at some time after William returned home and commenced to work the farm. The only testimony tending in any way to support this supposed parol transfer was the testimony of Mr. Oleary, the special administrator, in whose office it appears the talle was had. That testimony is as follows:

“Oowrt: You say you talked with the old gentleman previous to his son’s death ? A. Some time before that he was in my office with William, and we made up a list, and had an agreement -existing between them. They entered into a will. Q. You mean the agreement independent of the will? A. Yes; it was talked over in the office. Mr. Smith drew up a will in accordance with that agreement. I do not know that the will is in existence. Plaintiffs counsel: I understand it has been destroyed since William’s death. Oowrt: He can state the contents. A. The understanding was that William was to take' the farm and work it and support the father and mother in the meantime, and at the death of the father — I don’t know but the death of the father and mother — he was to become the sole owner of the farm upon his paying his' sister, Bridget Sheridan, $1,000, and the will was drawn up in accordance to that. Court: What was the .agreement in reference to the personal property, if any? A. He simply was to take tbe place and run it; nothing said .about personal property, but that be was to own all of it. He was to own everything. Everything was turned over to William at that time — real estate and personal property— upon condition he would support the father and mother, and own the real estate at their death, upon the performance of the $1,000 condition. Support them as long as they lived. They were to live with him. That agreement, — those conditions were in the will. (Objected to by defendant’s counsel because it is proven that the agreement is in writing and the absence of the writing has not been accounted for.) A. There was no contract. The will was delivered to Owen Sheridan, Sr. I think it was made in duplicate. I think Mr. Smith kept a copy in his office. Plaintiff’s counsel:. The original, I understand, has been destroyed since the death of the young man. ... A. I think I made a copy of the proposed will of Owen Sheridan, Sr., after William’s death-, and sent it to you [Mr. Bowler], and handed it to Mr. Jackson. I don’t know that Mrs. Sheridan, the widow, also got a copy. I was familiar with the contents, which were as I have stated. The old gentleman said at the time, as I understand the agreement, that William was to have everything. I think there was nothing mentioned in the will as to personal property. T think the will was just in reference to real estate. Q. Did he say anything about William having all the personal property at that time? (Objected to for the reason that it has been shown that there was a writing which embodied the agreement made subsequent to the oral statement, and it is incompetent to prove the agreement by oral testimony.) A. It was not mentioned in the will. But it was understood gen■erally that the old gentleman turned everything over to William, and that he was to get his support for himself and wife, and at their death he was to own everything there, except he was to give $1,000 to his sister. ... I would not want to say that the instrument I have termed a will of Owen Sheridan, Sr., did not dispose of real and personal property, but my recollection is it didn’t; that it only included real estate. ¡ (Instrument shown witness.) This paper is a copy of the ■ will that was made. It does say, after paying the funeral •expenses out of his personal property, the balance of personal -estate goes to his son, William Sheridan. (Plaintiff’s coun sel: I offer that instrument in evidence. Marked ‘Exhibit 6,’’ and received without objection.) William Sheridan was present when this will was drawn and knew its contents. It was-a long time ago, and it is a matter I did not impress upon my memory; but it left the impression on my mind that William was to have the personal property at the time. That is my best recollection — that William was to go in possession of the farm, and run it and own it, so to speak, upon the performance of its conditions, and he was to take the personal property and own that, and the old folks had nothing further to do with it, only to get their support out of the farm. That is what I got from the conversation.”

The copy of the will so identified by the witness devised and bequeathed all the real and personal property to William on condition of the payment by him of certain specific payments to the widow and other heirs. It is very plain to our minds from this testimony that the arrangement made was simply an arrangement that the old gentleman should make a will of the real and personal property in favor of William. No other inference can, in our judgment, be reasonably drawn from the evidence. A finding that there was any separate parol agreement presently transferring the personal property to William has no foundation to stand upon. This being the case, the agreement was void under the rule laid down in Ellis v. Cary, 74 Wis. 176, 42 N. W. 252; Kessler’s Estate, 87 Wis. 660, 59 N. W. 129; and Martin v. Martin’s Estate, 108 Wis. 284, 84 N. W. 439, because it was an oral contract to devise real property as well as personal property, and, being indivisible, was contrary to the statute of frauds. The case was submitted to the jury under instructions which allowed the jury to find that there was a parol agreement transferring tlie title of the personal property on the farm to William, independent of the agreement to will the real estate ; and, as we are convinced that the evidence does not tend to prove any such agreement, the giving of these instructions was fatal error.

The trial judge further charged the jury that, if any of the property was converted before the issuance of letters of administration to Mr. Dixon, they should assess double the value of such property as damages, under sec. 3824, Stats. 1898. This section provides that if any person, before the granting of letters testamentary or of administration, shall convert any property of the deceased, such person shall be liable for double the value of the property so converted;'and the question is whether a conversion after the appointment of the special administrator, Oleary, and prior .to the appointment of the regular administrator, Dixon, is a conversion before the granting of letters of administration, within the meaning of the statute. We are referred to no authority upon this question nor have we found any. The statute must be strictly construed, because it is penal in its nature, and it was evidently inten'ded to prevent the spoliation of estates at a time when there is no legal representative of the estate with power to take and preserve the property. A special administrator has such power for the time being as fully as a regularly appointed 'administrator; hence the evil or danger to be corrected by the statute did not exist during the term of the special administrator. We are inclined, therefore, to hold that a conversion during the time of the special administration is not within the terms of the statute. '•

Certain of the property was claimed to have been purchased by William from his own money, and the question as to the title of this property is not affected by what has been said as to the alleged agreement of-fransfer of personal property by the father to William.

By the Court. — Judgment reversed and action remanded for a new trial.  