
    Helen S. Goold, Plaintiff, v. The New York, New Haven & Hartford R. R. Co., Defendants.
    (City Court of New York, Special Term,
    April, 1908.)
    Carriers — Carriage of passengers — Liability for personal injuries to passengers — Actions by passengers for personal injuries — Sufficiency of evidence as to negligence — As to sudden movements of car.
    In an action against a railway company, in order to establish negligence on the part of the defendant’s employees in operating the train, something more is required than evidence merely descriptive of the force of sudden starting and stopping and violent jerking. It must appear that the movement differed from that usually coincidental with and attending the starting or stopping of trains.
    And where it appears that, after accepting the invitation of the defendant to embark and at the instant she reached the entrance to the car, the train was started so violently and suddenly that the plaintiff was compelled to seize hold of the frame of the doorway in order to maintain her upright position, and that the door, which was open, at the same moment closed, injuring her finger, the proof is insufficient to sustain a verdict in the plaintiff’s favor.
    Motion to set aside verdict and for a new trial.
    Terry Parker, for plaintiff.
    William Greenough and William L. Barnett, for defendants.
   Schmuck, J.

The verdict is challenged on the ground that it is not sustainable in law in that the sole proof of the careless and negligent handling and conduct of the train submitted by the plaintiff was the violent jerking and sudden starting.

The most favorable conclusion to be drawn from the testimony is that, after accepting the invitation to embark and at the instant she reached the entrance to the car, the train was started so violently and suddenly that the plaintiff was compelled to seize hold of the frame of the doorway in order to maintain her upright position and that the door, which was open, at the same moment she took hold of the frame of the doorway, closed, injuring her finger. It is patent, in view of the proof, that plaintiff predicates her cause of action upon the violence and suddenness of the starting movement of the train, and not upon the ground that she had not a reasonable opportunity to get into the car or take a seat therein. Therefore the doctrine of Morrow v. Brooklyn Heights R. R. Co., 119 App. Div. 22, does not apply; for the vice of the action in the Morrow case was in starting the car before the passenger had reached a place of safety, the manner of starting or the skill used in inaugurating that motion being of little moment. In consequence, that case, as well as the case of Fine v. Interurban St. R. Co., 45 Misc. Rep. 588, and Pfeffer v. Buffalo R. Co., 4 id. 470, affd. 144 N. Y. 636, is readily distinguishable from the class of cases to which the one at bar belongs, wherein the gravamen of the complaint is the suddenness and violence of the starting.

Accepting the principle of Black v. Third Ave. R. R. Co., 2 App. Div. 387, as controlling, it follows that, unless the plaintiff has established that the accident happened by reason of the unskillfulness or negligence of the company’s servants in charge of the appliances by which the movement of the ear was controlled or that the appliances were defective, the verdict cannot be sustained.

In view of the doctrine of Needham v. Interborough R. T. Co., 48 Misc. Rep. 522, and Norminton v. Interborough R. T. Co., id. 526, it would appear that evidence merely descriptive of the force of the starting and stopping movement is not sufficient to warrant by itself any inference of negligence. It is necessary to establish error on the part of the defendant’s employees in operating the train, as mere description of momentum is not enough, and no justification exists for invoking the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur in plaintiff’s favor. Flynn v. Interborough R. T. Co., 48 Misc. Rep. 529; Nelson v. Lehigh Valley R. Co., 25 App. Div. 535.

The evidence must convey a definite and positive impression as to the character, as distinguished from description, of the movement of the train; it is imperative that it indicate that the movement differed from that usually coincidental with and attending the starting or stopping. Bollinger v. Interurban St. R. Co., 50 Misc. Rep. 293; Dochtermann v. Brooklyn Heights R. R. Co., 32 App. Div. 13; Harty v. N. Y. Queens Co. R. Co., 95 id. 119.

Consequently the allegations of the complaint asserting negligent and careless handling and control have not sufficiently been proven, inasmuch as the plaintiff has failed to show any unskillfulness or negligence on the part of the defendant’s representatives or any defect in the appliances used in starting the train.

The motion to set aside the verdict is, therefore, granted.

Motion granted.  