
    Robert A. Ammon, Respondent, v. Sam Kellar and “John Doe” (the name of the latter defendant being fictitious, his real name being unknown to the plaintiff), composing the firm of Sam Kellar & Co., Appellants.
    (Supreme Court, Appellate Term,
    October, 1897.)
    1. Order of arrest — Affidavit — Sources of information.
    An affidavit, made the basis of an order of arrest, must show that the deponent has personal knowledge of the facts charged, or he must give the sources of his information and belief.
    8. Same — Conversion of margins by brokers.
    Where such an affidavit, by ah assignee of a claim..for stock margins converted by brokers, made wholly upon information and belief except as to the allegation of an assignment of the claim to the plaintiff, fails to. show the sources of the deponentes information that his assignor paid the-moneys in question to the brokers,- and where it, after alleging that the accounts in the brokers’ books, to which the deponent says he had access, were false, alleges .that the defendants never purchased the stocks therein credited at the prices “charged to the-plaintiff,” and where it also fails to show that he derived, from the. defendants’ books, information in support of his further allegation that the stocks were never purchased “ by the defendants or anyone-else for them in behalf of the plaintiff’s assignor,” and where there is-a further allegation that the deponent had demanded and been refused the production of the defendants’ books or his orders of purchase and* sale, the affidavit must be deemed insufficient as failing to show the-sources of information.
    3. Same — Legal conclusions insufficient.
    Allegations, that the deponent knows, from his own experience in-the brokers’ business and from a thorough investigation of the method of business of the brokers, and from the facts in evidence in the casein his possession, that his assignor was defrauded and cheated out off the sum demanded and that there are many thousands of dollars off . claims of a similar nature, afford no ground for an order of arrest, as-statements made in such a form are mere conclusions.
    Ammon v. Kellar, 20 Misc. Rep. 728, reversed.
    ' Appeal by defendant Sam Kellar from affirmance by the General" Term of the City Court of an order denying the said defendant’s-motion to vacate an order of arrest issued against him, in an action to recover the sum of $666.68 for the conversion of moneys intrusted to the defendant by John W. Treat, of Hannibal, Missouri,, to use as margins for the purchase and sale of stocks or grain.. The plaintiff sues as assignee of the said John "W. Treat.
    Leon Kronfeld and Kronfeld & Harris, for appellants.
    W. J. Woods, for respondent.
   Daly, P. J.

The plaintiff obtained an order for the arrest of" the defendant Kellar and his partner (name unknown), on the-ground that they had converted to their own use the sum of $666.68, which had been remitted them from Hannibal, Missouri,, by the plaintiff’s assignor, John W. Treat, and received by them for the purchase or sale of stocks and grain for the benefit of the-said assignor. The defendant Sam Kellar, who was arrested under the order, moved to vacate it on the ground that the affidavit and complaint on which it was granted were insufficient, in that they failed to set forth the sources of the affiant’s (plaintiff’s) information, or the grounds of his belief, and that the' affidavits of the parties from whom the information was derived were not produced, nor the reason for their nonproduction set forth; and on the further ground that the. allegations set forth are mere conclusions and not statements of fact. The order of arrest was granted upon the plaintiff’s affidavit only. In it, he states that a copy of the complaint is annexed thereto, and made a part of the affidavit. Reference to the complaint shows that every allegation in it is made on information and belief, except the allegation of assignment to the plaintiff by Treat of his cause of action and claim against the defendants'. Nowhere in his affidavit does the affiant allege that the statements in the complaint are true, or that he has any personal knowledge thereof.

As the plaintiff is the assignee of the person dealing with the defendant, it is not to be assumed that he had personal knowledge of the transactions between those parties. His affidavit, therefore,, proceeds to show from what his knowledge was derived. It states that he is in the brokerage business (in New York); “that he is thoroughly familiar with all the facts out of which this cause of action arises, having in his office' all the receipts; statements; accounts and other papers rendered to- deponent’s assignor; that he is familiar with the business and business methods of Sam Kellar & Co., the E. S. Dean Co., W. F. Connor & Co., and Talcott & Co., with which said Sam Kellar was connected, and that he has had access to some of the books of Sam Kellar & Co., and knows of his own knowledge that the accounts therein, as well as those sub-' mitted to plaintiff’s assignor, so far as they relate to the above action, are fake; and that the defendant, the above-named Sam Kellar, or Sam Kellar & Co., did not purchase the stocks therein credited at the prices charged this plaintiff, and is informed and believes the fact to be that such stocks were never purchased by said defendants or anyone else for them on behalf of this plaintiff’s assignor.”

There is no statement that the papers in the deponent’s possession show the receipt by defendant from Treat of the sums which it is now sought to recover back; on the contrary, another clause of the affidavit expressly states that in the statements rendered to Treat by defendants no credit has been given for the portion of the money misappropriated for which this suit is brought. "The source, therefore, of plaintiff’s information, as to payment -by his assignor as alleged in the complaint, between March 3d and 31st, of certain sums amounting to $666.68, is not disclosed. As the allegations in the complaint of" the receipts of money by defendants from plaintiff are made upon information and belief, it was necessary to support such allegations by the statement of the sources of such information and belief in order to support an application for an order of arrest. Thompson v. Best, 51 Hun, 641; Moore v. Becker, 13 N. Y. St. Rep. 567; Perry v. Smith, 9 id. 728; Jordan v. Harrison, 13 Civ. Pro. 445; Martin v. Gross, 16 id. 235; Stedman v. Geib, 11 N. Y. Supp. 705; Hoormann v. Climax Cycle Co., 9 App. Div. 579; Hanson v. Marcus, 8 id. 318; Ladenburg v. Commercial Bank, 5 id. 220.

As much strictness is required in regard to the proof necessary to obtain an order of arrest as in the case of an attachment, and such an affidavit as "is here presented would have been manifestly insufficient, if made the basis for an application for the latter remedy.

Not only does the affiant swear that the statement rendered to his assignor, which is in his possession, gives no credit whatever for a portion of the money misappropriated, thus leaving it wholly undisclosed as to how he obtained his information, but he fails to state what portion of the money defendants have failed to credit, whether much or little of the sum claimed in this action. Nor is the general allegation of misappropriation as positive as at first seems from the quotation above made. The affiant states that the accounts submitted to the plaintiff’s assignor are false, and that the defendants did not purchase the stocks that are therein credited at the prices charged to the plaintiff.” H the affiant meant the prices charged to his assignor, he does not say so. No prices were charged to the plaintiff for the dealings were wholly with his assignor. This particular expression may have been inadvertent, but it leaves a loophole for escape, if the allegation were false, But, waiving this manifest failure to connect the alleged false accounts with the Treat accounts, the affiant goes on immediately to qualify his positive statement by averment “ on information and belief that said stocks were never purchased by the defendants or anyone else for them on behalf of the plaintiff’s assignor.”

It is not stated that this information is derived from such of the books of the defendants as he had seen (he states that he has had access to some of the defendants’ books only), or from his acquaintance with defendants’ business. It may have been received from some other source, and, if so, he should have disclosed it. The affidavit further goes on to aver that the deponent has repeatedly demanded of defendant the production of his books or ■orders of purchase and sale of stocks and grain, and also of- the brokers through whom he or his firm purchased the same, all of which information has been refused. This averment shows that ' the affiant has not had access to the defendants’ books showing the transactions upon which the action is based; and there is no allegation that there are no such books.

The general allegation that the “ deponent - knows from his own ■experience in the brokerage business, and from a thorough investigation of the methods of business of Sam Kellar & Co., and from the facts and evidence in this cáse in deponent’s possession, that deponent’s assignor was defrauded and cheated out of the sum of $666.68, and that there are many thousands of dollars of claims of a similar nature to the one sued upon herein, affords no ground for the arrest, inasmuch as the facts and evidence referred to are not disclosed,' so that the court may judge whether the affiant’s conclusions therefrom are justified or not. Thompson v. Best (above).

The order appealed from is reversed, with costs, and the motion to vacate the order of arrest is granted, with $10 -costs.

McAdam and Bischoff, JJ., concur.

Order reversed, with costs, and motion granted,'with $10 costs.  