
    Conrad, et al. v. Pendleton County, et al.
    (Decided June 9, 1925.)
    Appeal from Pendleton Circuit Court.
    1. Highways — Statements of Publicity Committee in Connection with Proposed Bond Issue Held Mere Expressions of Opinion and Not Pre-Election Promises by Fiscal Court. — Where fiscal court made only one order in connection with proposed highway bond issue which provided that proceeds of bonds should be expended on intercounty seat roads, and that residue should be used on other roads but no sum was fixed therefor, statements by publicity committee appointed by fiscal court that after construction of intercounty seat highways $160,000.00 would remain for use on outside roads were mere expressions of opinion on their part and, not having been ratified or approved by fiscal court, were not pre-election promises on its part by which it was bound.
    2. Counties — Fiscal Court Speaks Through its Records. — Fiscal court speaks through its records.
    3. Counties — Fiscal Court Cannot Delegate its Discretion. — Fiscal court cannot delegate its discretion.
    4. Highways — Contract for Construction of Highway Held Not Shown to Create Indebtedness in Excess of State Highway Com- ' mission’s Resources for Fiscal Year. — Contract between state highway commission and construction company for construction of highway held not shown to create an indebtedness in excess ■ of commission’s resources for fiscal year, in violation of Consti- , tution, section 157, in absence of a showing of amount of indebtedness or resources of highway commission at time of execution of .contract, so that court could determine whether it had exceeded its authorized expenditures.
    5. Evidence — Indebtedness and Resources of Highway Commission are Presumed Matters of Public Record. — Amount of indebtedness and- resources of state highway commission are presumably matters of public record.
    6. Highways — Contract for Construction of Highway Not Shown to be Invalid Because Contracts Aggregating Over $2,000-,009.00 were Awarded About Same Time. — Contract between state highway commission and construction company for construction of highway was not shown to he invalid under Constitution, section 157, because contracts aggregating over $2,000,000.00 were awarded about the same time, since other contracts may have been let subsequently, and contract in question would be valid, though some of others were invalid.
    ALLEN D. COLE for appellants.
    SWINFORD & BARKER and L. P. FRYER for appellees.
   Opinion of the Court by

Judge McCandless

Affirming.

On September 4, 1922, upon a petition duly filed, the county judge of Pendleton county entered an order submitting to tbe voters of that county at tbe November, 1922, election the question:

“Are you in favor of issuing $250,000.00' in bonds for tbe purpose of building roads and bridges?”

On September 14th, tbe fiscal court of that county in conformity with the provisions of section 4307a-1, Kentucky Statutes, regularly appointed six commissioners asa county road commission to handle tbe funds derived from tbe sale of tbe proposed bonds in the event tbe.issue was carried. It also in tbe same resolution appointed a publicity committee composed of tbe members of tbe commission and some others. In the same order it was provided that, “in tbe event said bond issue carries tbe proceeds of said bonds will be expended upon tbe inter-county seat highways as now designated by law or that may hereafter be designated. Tbe residue of tbe money arising from tbe sale of tbe bonds shall be equitably distributed on all other roads in tbe county.”

The election resulted in a majority in favor of tbe bonds. On January 6,1923 tbe county bond commission adopted and submitted to tbe fiscal court for its approval a resolution requesting tbe state highway commission “to engage with Pendleton county in the construction of project No. 21 from tbe Campbell and Pendleton county line through Butler to tbe junction of project No. 21 and No. 62, approximately a distance of seven miles in Pendleton county. . . . Tbe county of Pendleton to pay one-half thereof and tbe state of Kentucky tbe other half, the state to take over and hereafter maintain same as a part of the state highway.” This resolution was on the same day presented to the fiscal court and an order regularly entered by that body approving and adopting it. The matter was taken up by the state highway commission and in conformity with those requests that commission on November 15, 1923, entered into a contract with the Cynthiana Construction Company for the construction of a reinforced concrete highway in Campbell and Pendleton counties along the highway mentioned, a distance of ten miles, at a cost of $349,167.82, the Pendleton county part being apparently the distance set out in the resolution.

It appears that the publicity committee above named carried on an active campaign in favor of the bond issue and issued a circular over their names, headed “Some facts and figures on the $250,000.00 bond issue.” It recited the amount of the bonds to be issued, their denomination, rate of interest and amount of the taxable property of the county and various lengths of time for which they might be issued, the annual cost to the county to retire the bonds within certain stated periods, and the tax rate necessary for that purpose, the cost of maintenance of roads under the then system, and the relief that would be afforded from such expenditure by permitting the state highway commission to contract and maintain them, together with the statement “that the state of Kentucky agrees to pay 50% of the cost of construction of inter-county seat roads and thereafter to take same over and keep them in repair.” It further stated: “Outside of the inter-county seat roads there will be at least $160,000.00 out of the bond issue to be spent on side roads. ’ ’

This action was filed by certain taxpayers of Pendleton county on the 10th of March, 1924, and the above facts set out in the petition. It alleged that the publicity committee was an agent of the fiscal court and as such liad authority from that tribunal to represent it in the campaign before the voters and styles the statements in the circular as “pre-election promises on the part of the fiscal court.”

■ It further alleged that Pendleton county’s part of the contract mentioned made by the State Highway Commission exceeded the sum of $100,00.00; that if the proceeds of the bond issue are devoted thereto, less than $150,000.00 will remain for outside roads even without the improvement of other inter-county seat highways and that this is in violation of the “pre-election promises of the court” above alluded to, and is therefore unenforceable.

It is also alleged that the road contract above mentioned was invalid for the reason that it was in excess of the balance of the unappropriated revenues authorized to be expended by the state highway commission for the fiscal year in which it was executed, and that the construction company upon the theory of privity of contract is seeking to obtain the.proceeds of said bond issue. The relief sought is to enjoin the court and county from issuing the bonds or from paying the proceeds thereof, or any part of them, to the construction company, and that .the 'latter be enjoined from asserting any claim thereto. A general demurrer was sustained to the petition and plaintiffs declining to plead further it was dismissed. Plaintiffs appeal.

It is argued that the order of the fiscal court, supra, provided for a residue for the benefit of outside roads; that the publicity committee appointed by the fiscal court was authorized by the court to make definite statements in reference thereto, and that in fixing the residuum at $160,000.00 they were acting within the scope of their authority, and this that constituted “a pre-election promise” which was binding on the court, and it is thereby precluded from expending in excess of $90,000.00 on the inter-county seat highways; that as the admitted expenditure exceeds that sum, such expenditure is a diversion from the purposes for which the bonds were voted by the people and is therefore illegal. We are not impressed with this argument. The fiscal court speaks through its records. McKechnie v. Canada, 198 Ky. 807; McDonald v. Franklin County, 125 Ky. 205, 30 Rep. 1245; City of Clinton v. Hickman County, 160 Ky. 687. In this case the court made only one order and that order clearly provided that the proceeds of the bonds should be expended upon, the inter-county seat roads and this is being done. It also provided-that the residue should be used on other roads, but no sum was fixed therefor and clearly the amount of the residue, or even the existence of any amount, is contingent upon a balance remaining after paying for the improvement of the roads first named. The statute, supra, authorizes the county commission to exercise some authority in the designation of the roads, but the commission appointed in this instance took no action before the election, and the statements in the circular issued by the publicity committee, that after the construction of the inter-county seat highways, $160,000.00 would remain for use on outside roads was a mere expression of opinion on the part of those who signed that instrument. It was in no sense an action of the court or of the commission, and in se doing those gentlemen could not have acted as agents of the court, as it requires an exercise of discretion to apportion the proceeds of the bond issue and direct its distribution, and it is well settled that the fiscal court cannot delegate its discretion. Floyd County v. Owego Bridge Co., 143 Ky. 696; O’Kelley v. Lockwood, 154 Ky. 544; Overstreet’s Extrx. v. Eagle’s Treas., 182 Ky. 224; Case Threshing Machine Co. v. Commonwealth, 177 Ky. 454.

Nor is it claimed that any part of the circular quoted was ratified or approved by the orders of the fiscal court, hence it cannot be said that the statements quoted constituted pre-election promises upon the part of that body, or that it was in anywise bound by them. Scott v. Forrest 174 Ky. 672; Percival v. City of Covington, 191 Ky. 337; Reynolds v. Bracken Co., 192 Ky. 180, are in harmony with these views, as in each of those cases the matters, in issue were duly recorded orders and resolutions of the court. '

The petition alleges a privity between the county and state highway commission in the contract with the Cynthiana Construction Company, and if the highway commission was a party to the suit the validity of the contract in question might be considered in the action. There was no special demurrer to defect of parties, but if the petition stated a cause of action the court could require the plaintiff to make that commission a party defendant, so that the only question is whether a general demurrer should have been sustained. The allegation is:

“Plaintiffs further state that the said contract between the said state highway commission and said .Cynthiana Construction Company is void and of no binding force upon the Commonwealth of Kentucky, or upon the said road funds thereof, because neither the state highway commission or any member thereof had any power to make a contract, or to "bind the Commonwealth of Kentucky or the road funds of said’ Commonwealth beyond the revenues accruing to said road fund for the fiscal year during which said contract is awarded, to-wit, the year commencing the first day of July, 1923; that other contracts were awarded at or about the same time as the contract between the said state highway commission and the defendant, Cynthiana Construction Company, the total amount to be expended under said contract so awarded from the road funds of said Commonwealth of Kentucky being over $2,000,000.00, and if the contract mentioned herein is executed and performed, the contract price thereof will be in excess of the revenue of said road fund which under the law can be used to pay the said Cynthiana Construction Company on account of said contract, since said sum will be in excess of the balance of revenues not already appropriated which under the law will accrue to said state highway commission for said fiscal year and the expenditure of which may now be or could then have been contracted for, all of which is contrary to sections 49 and 50, Kentucky Constitution.”

In a number of cases we have held that it was incumbent upon the party attacking the validity of an indebtedness of a municipality to allege and prove that the indebtedness exceeded the debt limit authorized by the Constitution. Carter v. Krueger, &c., 175 Ky. 399; City of Winchester v. Winchester Water Works Co., 149 Ky., 177; City of Louisville v. Gosnell, 22 Rep. 1524; McCreary County v. Mayer, &c., 178 Ky. 366. The following excerpt from the Gosnell case being directly in point:

“The second paragraph which undertakes to rely upon section -157 of the Constitution is, if we understand correctly, a statement that the amount of the contract pricé under consideration, which has been held to be-far-repairs, viz., $577.07, makes the amount of the indebtedness of the city for the repairs of' streets for that year exceed the total revenue' and income of the city for that year by the amount of $577.07. We hardly think counsel 'intended'to make'such a statement. But we are not of the opinion that facts to show that, this contract was in violation of section 157 of the Constitution have been' sufficiently pleaded in this paragraph. The judgment is therefore affirmed. ’ ’

The pleading does not state the. amount of indebtedness or the amount of the resources of the highway commission at the time of the execution of the contract, or set out any facts or figures upon which the court could determine whether or not that body had exceeded its authorized- expenditures. Presumably these are matters of public record that should be pleaded. There are no allegations to the contrary, and nothing to show that this information is unobtainable by the pleader or any reason offered for not making a definite statement in reference thereto, hence there is no basis for the charge that the execution of the contract created an indebtedness in excess of the resources of the commission for the fiscal year 1923, and such allegation is but a mere conclusion of the pleader.

Aside from this, it will be observed that it is alleged that contracts aggregating over $2,000,000.00 were awarded at or about the same time the contract in question was executed. Construing this allegation most strongly .against the pleader it may be that the other contracts were let subsequently and that this contract may be valid, though some of the others are invalid. We conclude that the paragraph pleaded did not state a cause of action.

The validity of the bonds has been attacked on several grounds but there is no merit in any of these contentions and all of them have been abandoned on this appeal.

The judgment of the lower court being in accordance with these views it is affirmed.

Judge Clarke not sitting.  