
    Stacey et al., by Next Friend, etc. v. Cunningham, etc., Executor.
    
      ■Contest of validity of will—Can be only after probating—Nature of issue to be made up—Sections 5858 and 5861, Revised Statutes— Question of admission to probate not involved, when.
    
    1. The action authorized by section 5858, Revised Statutes, to contest the validity of a will, can be brought and maintained, only after'such will has been admitted to probate.
    2. In such action the issue to be made up and tried is the one prescribed by section 5861, Revised Statutes, and is: “Whether the writing produced is the last will or codicil of the testator, or not,” and on the trial of this issue the question of whether the will was properly or improperly admitted to probate, by the probate court, is not involved and cannot be inquired into.
    ■'3. By the bringing of an action to contest the validity of a will, under the statute, plaintiffs admit the probate of the will so put in contest, and will not, therefore, on the trial of said cause, be permitted to question or deny either the regularity of the order of probate, or the authority and jurisdiction of the court that made it.
    (No. 8006
    Decided November 17, 1903.)
    Error to the Circuit Court of Hamilton county.
    Frances E. Stacey, whose domicile was in the city of Cincinnati, Ohio, died testate in July, 1894, at Sacramento City, California. She left surviving her, as sole beneficiaries and legatees under her will, her two children, Edward F. Stacey and Edna F. Stacey, the plaintiffs in error, and her brother, Adolphus M. Cunningham, the ■ defendant in error. By her will she gave to her brother, Adolphus M. Cunningham, the sum of $10,000, and the remainder of her property she bequeathed to her two children, Edward and Edna Stacey, in equal proportions. The estate left by said Frances E, Stacey, as shown by the inventory thereof, made February 8, 1895, was $57,883.99. Soon after the death of Mrs. Stacey, Adolphus M. Cunningham, with his niece and nephew, Edna Stacey and Edward Stacey, returned to the city of Cincinnati. Upon his return, he having in his possession the will of Frances E. Stacey, called at the law office of Mr. Howard Douglass and delivered the same to him, with the request that he have it admitted to probate. Thereafter said will Avas filed in the probate court of Hamilton county, Ohio, and application Avas made to said court for its' admission to probate. The subscribing witnesses to said will being residents of the state of California, a commission Avith the Avill annexed to take the testimony of said witnesses Avas issued by said probate court to one J. C. Tubbs, of Sacramento City, California. This commission,- with the testimony of the subscribing witnesses attached thereto, was returned to the probate court of Hamilton county, Ohio, in November, 1894, and on the first day of December, 1894, said will Avas formally offered for probate, and probate thereof Avas then and there refused by said court, and an entry showing such refusal was entered upon the journal of said probate court, of all of which said Adolphus M. Cunningham, at the time, had- notice. Upon the refusal of the probate court to admit said Avill to probate, the Union Savings Bank and Trust Co. Ávas appointed guardian of the property and estate of the two children, Edward and Edna Stacey, and Mr. Howard Douglass aa'us appointed guardian of their persons. No appeal was taken by Adolphus M. Cunningham from the judgment of said probate court refusing to admit said will to probate, and nothing further was done in the, matter of said will until October 5, 1896, at which time said Adolphus M. Cunningham filed his motion in the probate court of Hamilton county, asking for leave to repropound said will of Frances E. Stacey for probate and record. Said motion was allowed by the court and thereafter, to-wit: on March 23, 1897, due'notice of the repropounding and presentation of said will for probate having been given to all of the next of kin of said Frances E. Stacey, residents of Ohio, upon the hearing of said motion and application said will was, by the court, admitted to probate and record.
    On the same day, to-wit: March 23, 1897, said Edward F. Stacey and Edna F. Stacey, by next friend, commenced an action in the court of common pleas of Hamilton county, Ohio, to contest said will of Frances E. Stacey so admitted to probate. In said action, under an order of the court, an issue was duly made up in said court of common pleas as to whether the paper writing produced was the valid last will of Frances E. Stacey, which issue was thereafter submitted to and tried by a jury duly impaneled in said cause. Said jury found, and by their verdict-so returned, that said paper writing was the valid last will and testament of Frances E. Stacey, deceased. A motion for new trial ■ Avas filed by the plaintiffs in error, which motion was overruled and judgment entered on said verdict sustaining the will. On petition in error in the circuit court this judgment of the court of common pleas was affirmed, and thereupon this proceeding in error was instituted in this court to reverse said judgment of affirmance.
    
      Mr. Howard Douglass and Mr. Geo. W. Harding, for plaintiffs in error, cited and commented upon the following authorities:
    
      Chapman’s Will, 6 Ohio, 149; Hunter’s Will, 6 Ohio, 499; Feuchter v. Keyl, 48 Ohio St., 357; Mis
      
      sionary Society v. Ely, 56 Ohio St., 405; Converse v. Starr, 23 Ohio St., 491; Haynes v. Haynes, 33 Ohio St., 598; Mosier v. Harmon, 29 Ohio St., 220; Mears v. Mears, 15 Ohio St., 90; Hollrah v. Lasance, 63 Ohio St., 58; Keyl v. Feuchter, 56 Ohio St., 424; Raudebaugh v. Shelley, 6 Ohio St., 307; Davis v. Guarnieri, 45 Ohio St., 470; Mullen v. McKelvy, 5 Watts, 399; Hock v. Hock, 6 Serg. & R., 47; Lewis v. Maris, 1 Dallas, 278; Weigel v. Weigel, 5 Watts, 486; secs. 5190, 5934, 5935, Rev. Stat.
    ' Hr. Charles W. Baker, for defendant in error, cited and commented upon the following authorities:
    
      In re Stacey’s Will, 6 Dec., 142; 4 N. P., 143; Feuchter v. Keyl, 48 Ohio St., 357; In re Anthony Chapman, 6 Ohio, 149; Hunter’s Will, 6 Ohio, 499; Swazey’s Heirs v. Blackman, 8 Ohio, 19; Missionary Society v. Ely, 56 Ohio St., 405; Storey v. Storey, 120 Ill., 244; Barr v. Closterman, 2 Circ. Dec., 251; 3 C. C. R., 441; Converse v. Starr, 23 Ohio St, 491; Bolles v. Harris, 34 Ohio St., 38; Mears v. Mears, 15 Ohio St., 96; Shroyer v. Richmond, 16 Ohio St., 455; Hollrah v. Lasance, 63 Ohio St., 58; Trembly v. Trembly, 11 W. L. B., 59; Haynes v. Haynes, 33 Ohio St, 598; Duckwall v. Weaver, 2 Ohio, 13; Abbott’s Trial Practice (2 ed.), 141; Mays v. Mays, 114 Mo., 536; 21 S. W. Rep., 921; Van Houten’s Will, 37 N. Y. St., 39; Morton v. Heidorn, 135 Mo., 608; 37 S. W. Rep., 504; Holmes v. Holloman, 12 Mo., 535; In re Jenkins’ Will, 43 Wis., 610; In re Lewis’ Will, 51 Wis., 101; Barnewall v. Murrell, 108 Ala., 366; Abbott v. Abbott, 41 Mich., 540; Webb v. Dye, 18 W. Va., 376; Cheatham v. Hatcher, 30 Gratt. (Va.), 56; Dean, Exr., v. Heirs of Dean, 27 Vt., 746; Gillis v. Gillis, 96 Ga., 1; 2 Deering’s Codes (Cal.), sec. 1276; Sisters of Charity v. 
      Kelly, 67 N. Y., 409; Gwim v. Gwin, 48 Pac. Rep., 295; In re Hathaway, 4 Ohio St., 383; Keyl v. Feuchter, 56 Ohio St., 424; Davis v. Guarniera 45 Ohio St., 470; Raudebaugh v. Shelley, 6 Ohio St., 307; Lake v. Doud, 10 Ohio, 415; Bohart v. Atkinson. 14 Ohio, 228; Schweinfurth v. Railway Co., 60 Ohio St., 215; Railway Co. v. Kelly, 5 Circ. Dec., 662; 12 C. C. R., 341; Railway Co. v. Kelley, 53 Ohio St., 667; secs. 5190, subdivision 7, 5858, 5861, 5862, 5934, Rev. Stat.
   Crew, J.

On the trial of this action in the court of common pleas the plaintiffs in that court, who are plaintiffs in error here, among other things attempted to show that the paper writing in contest purporting to be the last will and testament of Frances E. Stacey, deceased, Avas in December, 1894, presented to the probate court of Hamilton county, Ohio, for probate, and that probate thereof was refused by that court on the ground that said will had not been properly and legally executed in conformity with the laws of Ohio. By Avay of establishing the fact of such presentation and rejection, the plaintiffs offered in evidence a journal entry of the probate court of Hamilton county, bearing date of December 1, 1894, and shoAving that on that date said court had refused to admit said will to probate and record, on the ground, as appeared from said entry, that said will Avas not duly and legally attested. Objection was made by defendant to the introduction of this journal entry, which objection Avas sustained by the court, and said entry Avas not permitted to be given in evidence to the jury. Plaintiffs, on said trial, also offered evidence for the purpose of showing that no appeal was ever taken by Adolphus M. Cunningham from the order and judgment of said probate court refusing to admit said will to probate ; this evidence was also objected-' to' by defendant and excluded by tbe court. Tbe rulings of the court of common pleas in the exclusion of .this evidence are here assigned as error.

Whether the action of the court of common pleas in this behalf was erroneous is to be determined from a consideration of the nature and character of the issue involved in an action to contest a will; and if, from the nature of such issue, the evidence offered by the plaintiffs below was incapable of affording any legitimate presumption or inference as to the only fact or matter in issue, it would be, and was, irrelevant and incompetent, and therefore properly excluded. In Ohio, in an action to contest a will, the issue involved and to be submitted' to the jury, is fixed and determined by statute. Section 5861, of Revised Statutes, provides as follows: “An issue shall be made up, either in the pleadings or by an order on the journal, whether the writing produced is the. last will or codicil of the testator, or not, which shall be tried by a jury, and the verdict therein shall be conclusive, unless a new trial be granted, or the judgment be reversed or vacated.” While the . issue prescribed by this section may be made up either by the pleadings, or by an order entered upon the journal of the court, yet whichever mode be adopted, the issue presented for determination must be the same, and the one prescribed and designated by statute, viz.: “Whether the writing produced is the last will or codicil of the testator, or not.” Dew et al. v. Reid et al., 52 Ohio St., 519. And upon the trial of this issue, only such evidence as tends either to establish or disprove the validity, as a will7 of. the paper , writing in controversy, is relevant and competent. Considering, then, the' nature of the issue and the character of the evidence offered by the plaintiffs, the only office or effect such evidence could have had if the same had been admitted by the trial court, would have been to show that the probate court of Hamilton county, having once refused to admit the will of Frances E. Stacey to probate, for the reason that it was not legally executed and attested, and no appeal having been taken therefrom, was thereafter, and because of such former adjudication, without jurisdiction or authority upon the repropounding of said will to admit the same to probate and record. In other words it was sought by plaintiffs, in this way and by this means, to challenge the validity of said •order of probate. And such is admitted in argument to have been their purpose in tendering this evidence, and such it is conceded Avould have been its only office and effect if it had been admitted. But the question of the regularity and validity of the order of probate, or the jurisdiction of the court to make such order, is not in issue, or involved in an action of this character, an action to contest the validity of a will, and is not therefore in such action the proper subject of inquiry or revieAV. This court has said in the case •of Converse et al. v. Starr, Admr., et al., 23 Ohio St., 491, that: “On the trial of the issue, in a suit to contest the validity of a will, errors or irregularities •of the probate court in admitting the will to probate •cannot be inquired into. The prima facie effect which the statute gives to the order of probate, can only be overcome by showing that the will is, in fact, invalid.” In this case one of the points made in argument for plaintiffs in error Avas: “That the errors and irregularities of the probate court in admitting a will to probate may be inquired into, on the trial of the issue in a suit contesting such will, for the purpose of invalidating the order of probate.” In considering and disposing of this contention, White, C.' J., in the opinion, at page 498, says: “In regard to the second proposition, it is to be remarked that it is founded upon a misconception of the jurisdiction of the court in trying the contest of a will. In such case the court does not sit as a court of error to revise the action of the court of probate, but is in the exercise of the powers and jurisdiction of a court of probate charged with the duty of finally establishing or rejecting the will. On the trial of the issue in such case, the errors or irregularities of the probate court in admitting the will to probate, are immaterial, and cannot be inquired into. The prima facie effect which the statute gives to the order of probate can only be overcome by showing that the will is, in fact, invalid.” The doctrine of this case would seem to control and to be decisive of the question we are now considering, and to sustain the action of the court below in excluding the evidence offered. But there is, we think, a further and cogent reason, why the testimony offered'by the plaintiffs in error-was properly, excluded, and as to why, in this case, they should not have been permitted to challenge or dispute the order of probate, and that is, that by the filing of their petition to contest this will they impliedly admit the regularity and sufficiency of its probate. If, as plaintiffs in error sought to show, the probate court of Hamilton countyj at the time it admitted this will to . probate, was'then without jurisdiction or authority so to do, then ,'such order of probate was void and’a mere nullity, and if a nullity it could afford plaintiffs no ground on which to predicate their action to contest said, will, and their action must fail. In this state, until admitted to probate, a .will cannot, under our statute, be made the subject of contest. Therefore, however irregular or erroneous the order admitting the'will of-Francis E. Stacey to probate may have been, the plaintiffs in error in an action by them to contest said will, founded upon such order of probate, cannot be heard to deny its validity, or be permitted to question the jurisdiction of the court making such order. It follows, therefore, that the trial court was right in excluding the evidence offered by .plaintiffs.

There are other assignments of error in this record, but we do not deem it important to enter upon a discussion of them. We have carefully examined and considered each and all of these assignments and find no error in the record.

■Judgment affirmed.

Burket, C. J., Spear, Davis, Seaucic and Price, JJ., concur.  