
    Sarah M. Breed, Appellant, v. Dora Breed, as Executrix, etc., of Byron M. Breed, Deceased, Respondent.
    
      Principal and agent — presumption that an agent has paid money collected by him to his principal — evidence sufficient to overcome it.
    
    In the absence of proof as to whether a deceased agent has or has not paid to his principal a sum of money collected by the agent, the presumption is that he has rather than that he has not paid it. The law will not presume that the agent embezzled the money.
    Upon the reference of a claim by a principal against the estate of her deceased agent for $400, $300 of which consisted of moneys conceded to have been collected by the agent for the principal April 33, 1896, evidence was given that he had possession of the $300 up to May 18, 1896, and had deposited it in a bank to his own credit; that on January 13, 1898, about two months before his death, the agent stated to a witness that he then owed his principal the sum of $300. The principal failed to give any proof as to the other items of the claim.
    
      Held, that it was error to dismiss the plaintiff’s claim;
    That, in the absence of proof by the representative of the agent as to what indebtedness this admission of liability in the sum of $300 related to, the admission might fairly he applied to the $200 item, and overcame the presumption that the agent had theretofore paid it to his principal.
    , Quaire, whether the admission of liability in the sum of $800 did not of itself entitle the plaintiff to recover that sum.
    Appeal by the plaintiff, Sarah M. Breed, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendant, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Chenango on the 14th day of February, 1900, .upon the report of a referee appointed under section 2718 of ' the. Code of Civil Procedure dismissing the plaintiff’s claim against the estate of Byron M.'Breed, deceased.
    
      H. C. Stratton, for the appellant.
    
      Eugene Clinton, for the respondent.
   Parker, P. J.:

On April 22, 1896, the deceased, Byron M. Breed, received the sum of $200, which was paid to him as the agent of this plaintiff, who is his mother, by one Harrington who was indebted to her upon a bond and mortgage for more than that amount. This fact is not disputed; but if the plaintiff had proved nothing more she would not have established a cause of action against the deceased for the money so received.' In the absence of any proof as to whether deceased had or had not paid to her the sum. which he so collected for her, the presumption of law would be that he had, rather than that he had not. The law will not presume an embezzlement on his part. (Beattie v. Beattíe, 83 Hun, 295; affd., 153 N. Y. 652.)

The serious question in this ease, however, is whether this presumption has not been overcome by further facts which the plaintiff established on the trial.

" It was shown' that up to May 18, 1896, the deceased still had possession of the $200 so collected; that he had put it in the bank to his own credit, and upon that day. applied to the plaintiff* to borrow $50 of it. Such fact appears from his letter dated on that date.

It further appears by the evidence of Dudley Breed, an uncle of the deceased, that on January 12, 1898 — about a year and eight months after the letter, and about two months before his death — the deceased stated to such witness that he was then owing to -his mother the sum of $300.

It is urged by the respondent that such statement is not an admission that he had retained or borrowed the $200 in question; that it does not refer to such $200, and that, therefore, it can have no effect against the presumption that such $200 had been paid.

' The claim filed by the plaintiff was for $400, made up of this item of $200, and of certain other items for rent and money loaned in 1892.

If such admission did not refer to the $200, to what did it refer ? 'There is no proof whatever that he was owing his mother upon any •other account. She failed to give any proof at all concerning the rent or money loaned in 1892. The only fact in the case upon which an indebtedness to the mother can be predicated is the receipt of such $200 ; and inasmuch as the deceased admits that he owed her $300, in the absence of any proof on his part as to what such indebtedness was based upon, I am of the opinion that such admission may fairly be applied to such $200, and overcomes the presumption that he had theretofore paid it to her. The deceased having made that admission of indebtedness to the plaintiff, the burden was upon him to show that his liability to pay over such $200 had been satisfied and discharged.

Moreover, the evidence seems to establish that on January 12, 1898, the deceased was debtor to the. plaintiff to the extent of $300. If it was not for the $200 so received by him in April, 1896, it must have been for some other account. Her claim is that it included the $200. Unless he shows that it did not, and for what it was, the fair presumption is that he cannot successfully dispute such claim. Having the means in his hands to show that it did not, his omission to do so is to be taken against him. (2 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 652, 654; Schwier v. New York Central & H. R. R. R. Co., 90 N. Y. 558, 564; Kenyon v. Kenyon, 88 Hun, 211.) And in this connection it is to be noticed that on the trial the defendant refused to produce the bank book of the deceased, which had reference to his deposit of the $200 in bank to his own credit, and which presumably would enable the parties to trace the $200 so deposited.

But more than all, if so short a time before his death he was owing this plaintiff $300, why might she not in this proceeding, and under this claim as filed, recover for that amount ? I do not understand from the decision of the referee that he rejected the evidence of the witness Dudley Breed. The story which that witness told regarding the admission to him.is not an unreasonable or incredible one, and his veracity is in no way impeached. His statement is in no way contradicted, and I assume that it should be taken as true. The fact to which he testified I take as an established fact in the case, and, by reason of that fact, I differ from the referee with regard to the inferences to be drawn from it.

The judgment should .be- reversed, the referee discharged and a new trial granted, costs to the appellant to abide the event of the trial, subject to the provisions of sections 1835 and 1836 of the Code.

All concurred.

Judgment reversed on the law and the facts and referee discharged and new trial granted, with costa to appellant to abide event.  