
    No. 87-7077.
    No. 87-7193.
    No. 87-7240.
    No. 87-7306.
    No. 88-5041.
    McDevitt v. City of Philadelphia et al. Bartos v. Chicago Board of Election et al. Orynicz v. Veterans Administration. Jackson v. United States. Landes v. Department of State et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir.; C. A. 7th Cir.; C. A. 3d Cir.; C. A. 9th Cir.; and C. A. 3d Cir. Motions of petitioners for leave to proceed in forma pauperis denied. Petitioners are allowed until October 24, 1988, within which to pay the docketing fee required by Rule 45(a) and to submit petitions in compliance with Rule 33 of the Rules of this Court.

Justice Brennan, Justice Marshall, and Justice Stevens,

dissenting.

For the reasons expressed in Brown v. Herald Co., 464 U. S. 928 (1983), we would deny the petitions for writs of certiorari without reaching the merits of the motions to proceed in forma pauperis.  