
    Robert J. Mills, Appellant, v. Elizabeth McMullen and Others, as Administrators, etc., of John Curran, Deceased, Respondents.
    
      Evidence—a witness may not testify as to entries in looks not made by him—presumption that a check was given inpayment of a debt—stub of a check book containing a declaration in a party’s own favor, inadmissible.
    
    In an action brought to recover the sum of §1,500 alleged to have been loaned by the plaintiff to John Curran, who died pending the action, the plaintiff endeavored to establish the loan by proving the fact that he had given to John Curran checks for a certain amount, and a witness named Dahlman was called who testified that he had had transactions with Curran, who made a payment, by a check, indorsed by Curran, which check was received by Dahlman’s firm and was placed to the credit of Curran upon the firm books, which were produced. Dahlman, however, had no recollection of the transaction beyond the entry in the book, the entry in which was not made by him. The court, upon motion, struck out all the testimony of Dahlman except as to the fact that he had the check in his possession and that it was indorsed by John Curran.
    
      Eeld, that the ruling was correct;
    That the fact that Curran received a check from the plaintiff and gave it to Dahlman’s firm proved nothing in support of the plaintiff’s claim, as the giving of a check is presumptively the payment of a debt;
    That evidence that the stub of the plaintiff’s check book contained a statement that the check was a loan to John Curran was not competent to create the presumption that there was a loan, such an entry being merely a declaration made .in the plaintiff’s check book in his own favor.
    Appeal by the plaintiff, Robert J. Mills, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the defendants, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Few York on the 25tli day of April, 1895, upon the dismissal" of the complaint directed by the court after a trial at the Few York Circuit, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 14th day of May, 1895, denying the plaintiff’s motion for a new trial.
    
      George H. Starr, for the appellant.
    No one appearing for the respondents.
   Van Brunt, P. J.:

This action was brought to recover the sum of $1,500 alleged to have been loaned by the plaintiff to the defendant John Curran. The defendant answered denying each and every "allegation of the complaint. Before the trial, the defendant Curran having died, his administrators were substituted as defendants. Upon the trial an attempt was made to prove the loan of the moneys by the plaintiff to the defendant'Curran by establishing the fact that the plaintiff had given to the defendant Curran checks for a certain amount, and a witness by the name of Dahhnan was called, who testified that -he had had transactions with Curran by selling horses to him, for which Curran made payments during the year 1888, and a check for $400 was presented to the witness, and he stated that the indorsement thereon was made by Curran, and that the check was, received by, his firm in payment for horses, and was placed to the credit of Curran mpori the firm books, which the witness produced. It appeared from the evidence that the witness had no recollection whatever of the. transactions with Curran outside of the entries - in his books, and that these entries were not.made.by him. A motion was thereupon made to strike out all the testimony of the witness, except as to" the fact that he had the check in his possession, and that it was indorsed, by the defendant Curran. This motion was granted, and it is claimed to be error, it being now urged that the objection to the receipt of the entries in the book as evidence did not go to.the point, that their accuracy was not sufficiently shown, or that sufficient foundation had not been laid for their introduction ; and that if that had been, the objection it might have been cured by the introduction of further preliminary proof. ■ '

It is difficult to see how, in connection with the testimony of the witness, any of the entries in these' books could possibly be evidence; No • witness had been sworn or examined who had any personal knowledge of these transactions, or who made the entries in the books and could testify as to their accuracy. The motion was directed entirely to the testimony of Dahhnan and as to what he" learned from the books in respect to transactions about which he had no- recollection, his testimony being based upon entries in the books as to the correctness of which he had no knowledge. The books were not offered in evidence, but the testimony of Dahl'man was given, and that was stricken out. There seems' to have been no érror whatever in striking out all of Dahlman’s testimony except that which related to the possession of the check and its indorsement by Curran. And it is to be observed that even if the testimony of Dahlman were allowed to remain, it could not have affected the case at bar. The fact .that the plaintiff gave Curran the check and that Curran gave the check to Dahhnan’s firm proved nothing. The case of Nay v. Curley (113 N. Y. 575) expressly holds that the giving of a check is presumptively the payment of a debt, and to raise the presumption that it was a loan additional proof is required to be given. This rule was recognized by the counsel for the plaintiff when he attempted to introduce in evidence the stub in the plaintiff’s check book, upon which stub was the following memorandum: “Dated May 22nd, 1888, order of John Curran for loan.” This was sought to be introduced as part of the res gestee as is claimed, But it is difficult to see upon what theory the entries in the plaintiff’s own book, in his own interest, could possibly be evidence against John Curran. It might jtist as well be claimed that if somebody had been standing by at the time the plaintiff drew his check, Curran 'being absent, and the plaintiff had told the bystander that he drew the check for a loan to Curran, such declaration could be used as evidence against the latter. It is clear that no such declaration of the plaintiff could be offered in evidence under such circumstances, and the entry in his check book is of precisely similar character.

In considering this question we have not overlooked the case of The National Ulster Co. Bank v. Madden (41 Hun, 116). But no such question was decided in that ease and it is not an authority for any such proposition.

The above views dispose of the objection to'the ruling in regard to the stubs relating to the other checks. It is conceded by the counsel that in respect to the admissibility of these stubs, they stand upon the same footing as that of the check first above mentioned. None of the authorities cited by the appellant seem to sustain any such proposition as is contended for here.

The judgment and order appealed from should be affirmed, with costs.

Barrett, Bumset, Williams and Patterson, JJ., concurred.

Judgment and order affirméd, with costs.  