
    LEVY et al. v. CARR et al.
    (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department
    March 15, 1895.)
    ;Sale—Rescission by Seller—Rights of Pledgee.
    A purchaser of goods, who fraudulently induced plaintiffs to sell to him, stored the goods on the day of delivery, to take the place, according to previous dealings between himself and the warehouseman, of other goods, the warehouse receipt for which he had pledged as collateral for a note guarantied by the warehouseman. On the following day the purchaser made a general assignment. Held, that neither the possession nor right of possession of the goods was ever in the assignee, and therefore plaintiffs could not recover from the warehouseman, who had paid the note which the goods were pledged to secure.
    Appeal from circuit court, New York county.
    Action by Berthold Levy and others against Walter Carr and others to recover possession of certain personal property. From a judgment entered on a verdict in favor of plaintiffs, and from an order denying a motion for a new trial, defendants appeal. Reversed.
    Argued before VAN BRUNT, P. J., and PARKER, J.
    H. Aplington, for appellants.
    Win. N. Cohen, for respondents.
   PARKER, J.

The plaintiffs on August 25, 1891, contracted to sell to Walter Carr & Co. a quantity of beans, for which a 30-days note was to be given. The day following, the beans were delivered and the note requested, but the giving of the note was deferred upon a statement being made that the member of the firm authorized to sign notes was out of town. Within an hour after-the beans were delivered to Walter Carr & Co., one of that firm consulted with counsel upon the subject of a general assignment by the firm for the benefit of creditors, and the day following, August 27th, the firm did execute a general assignment to Robert J. Dean, as assignee. Plaintiffs elected to rescind the sale, on the ground that it had been procured by the fraud of Walter Carr & Co., and demanded possession of the beans from the assignee. Their demand being refused, this action was brought to recover possession.

If the possession of the beans had been in the assignee, undoubtedly this judgment could stand; for the evidence was of such a character as authorized the jury to find, as they did, that the sale of the beans was induced by the fraud of Walter Carr & Co. Had the beans passed from the possession of Walter Carr & Co. to their assignee, Robert J. Dean, in pursuance of the assignment, they would have been subject to the same right of reclamation in the plaintiffs, upon their rescinding the fraudulent contract, as existed against the assignors. In such cases the only additional step which a vendor must take to recover possession of the assignee is to demand them from him before commencing the action. This is so because, the assignee having lawfully acquired the title and possession of the goods, a demand and refusal becomes necessary in order to change the character of his possession. Goodwin v. Wertheimer, 99 N. Y. 149,1 N. E. 404.

We have thug briefly called attention to the view upon which the case appears to have been tried on the part of the plaintiffs, and as it is presented on their behalf on this appeal. But such view wholly ignores the fact, established by the uncontradicted evidence, that neither the possession nor right of possession of these beans was ever in the general assignee of Walter Carr & Co. Upon this subject the undisputed evidence is that on August 19, 1891, Walter Carr & Co. stored with Robert J. Dean & Co. certain merchandise, and received a negotiable warehouse receipt therefor. This receipt was indorsed by Walter Carr & Co., and together with a note for $6,000, also signed by them, and made payable at the Irving National Bank, was delivered to Robert J. Dean & Co. to be negotiated for the benefit of Walter Carr & Co., the warehouse receipt to be used as collateral for the note. Upon the back of the note, payment thereof was guarantied in writing by Robert J. Dean & Co., who were, by a writing also indorsed thereon by Walter Carr & Co., authorized to negotiate the note and collateral, and to thereafter take up the note, in which event it was provided that Robert J. Dean & Co. should be relegated to all .the rights and remedies which by the terms of the note were given to the Irving National Bank. Robert J. Dean & Co. procured said note and negotiable warehouse receipt to be discounted by the Irving National Bank, Walter Carr & Co. receiving the proceeds. For 15 years Walter Carr & Co. had been accustomed to store merchandise in the warehouse of Robert J. ■ Dean & Co., taking negotiable warehouse receipts therefor, specifying the kinds and qualities of the merchandise stored, which they either negotiated on their own account or procured assistance from Eobert J. Dean & Co. to that end. They were accustomed, when Walter Carr & Co. should have procured a purchaser of some portion of the merchandise included in the warehouse receipts, to substitute other merchandise in its place. On August 25,1891, the day on which, it will be remembered, the plaintiffs agreed to sell the beans in question to Walter Carr & Co., they addressed to Eobert J. Dean & Co. the following letter:

“New York, Aug. 25tk, 1891.
“Messrs. R J. Dean & Co.—Dear Sirs: We have about 100 bags beans going into your store to-day or to-morrow, which we desire you to substitute for 200 bags peas sold on the dock, for which you hold B/L.
“Yours, truly, Walter Carr & Co.”

Eobert J. Dean & Co. assented to the proposed substitution, and the 200 bags of peas were released, and the beans purchased by Walter Carr & Co. substituted in their place, which was in part consummated by their delivery to the warehouse of Eobert J. Dean & Co. on August 26th, the day of their delivery to Walter Carr & Co. by these plaintiffs; the general assignment, as we have said, being made the day following. Thus it appears that before the general assignment was made these beans were delivered into the possession of Eobert J. Dean & Co. in pledge. Eobert J. Dean & Co., being compelled to pay the note, became entitled to the collateral.

Assuming that at the close of the testimony it was established that Walter Carr & Co. had obtained the beans from these plaintiffs through fraud, and that before the commencement of this action a demand was duly made for their possession of the assignee of Walter Carr & Co., then this situation is presented: Walter Carr & Co. upon the delivery of the beans to them, in pursuance of their contract with the plaintiffs, became vested with the title and possession, notwithstanding the fraud, subject, however, to the right of the vendors to rescind the contract, if they should so elect. Powers v. Benedict, 88 N. Y. 605; Goodwin v. Wertheimer, supra; Wise v. Grant, 140 N. Y. 593, 35 N. E. 1078. But, before the plaintiffs concluded to rescind the contract and reclaim the property, it passed in the usual course of business into the possession of Eobert J. Dean & Co., in pledge, without any notice to them of wrongdoing on the part of the vendees, and in consideration of their releasing from the pledge, for the benefit of Walter Carr & Co., a quantity of merchandise of equal value. Eescission of the contract by the plaintiffs could not operate to take away from Eobert J. Dean & Co. .the right which they had acquired of resorting to this collateral for the payment of the obligation which it was intended, in part, to secure, for the title and possession had become vested in persons protected, as a rule of necessity, from the original vendors. . The judgment should be reversed as to the defendants comprising the firm of Eobert J. Dean & Co., with costs to the appellants to abide the event.  