
    HARRISON v. STATE.
    (No. 9710.)
    (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
    Dec. 23, 1925.)
    1. Criminal law <©=>394 — Evidence by state’s officers as to search without warrant held admissible.
    In prosecution for possessing intoxicating liquor for sale, evidence by state’s officers relative to searching defendant’s premises, such search being without warrant, held admissible; Acts 39th Leg. (1925) c. 149, relating to unlawful seizures and searches, not becoming effective until June 17, 1925, which was subsequent to date of trial.
    2. Criminal law <§=>364(4) — Exclamation of accused just prior to discovery of whisky held res gestas.
    Where accused, in prosecution for possessing intoxicating liquor for sale, exclaimed, “You have got me,” as officers approached, and before any whisky had been found, such exclamation was admissible as part of res gestse.
    3. Criminal law <@=>364(5), 396(2), 413(1)— Statement of accused, made after discovery of whisky, held inadmissible, not res gestae, nor part of a conversation, but self-serving declaration.
    Where accused, in prosecution for possession of intoxicating liquor for sale, said,. “This is not my outfit; I just walked up here,” 30 minutes after arrival of officers, and after search by them was completed, held, such statement was not admissible, being self-serving and not part of res gestos, and since it was not part of conversation introduced by state; Code Cr. Proc. 1925, art. 728, not applying.
    4. Criminal law <§=3722(2) — District attorney’s argument touching defendant’s reputation held error.
    In prosecution for possession of intoxicating liquor for sale, it was reversible error for district attorney, in closing argument, to infer that accused’s reputation was bad, and that he could have proven it if given opportunity.
    5. Criminal law <@=j72I i/j (2) — District attorney’s reference to failure of defendant to call wife as witness held error.
    In prosecution for possession of intoxicating liquor for sale, it was reversible error for district attorney, in closing argument, to say that accused’s wife would have testified differently if she had been put on stand, for by this unsworn statement wife was made witness against her husband.
    Appeal from District Court, Angelina County; O. A. Hodges, Judge.
    Bailey Harrison was convicted for possessing intoxicating liquor for • the purpose of sale, and he appeals.
    Reversed and remanded.
    W. S. Poston, of Lufkin, for appellant.
    Sam D. Stinson, State’s Atty., of Austin, and Nat Gentry, Jr., Asst. State’s Atty., of Tyler, for the State.
   HAWKINS, J.

Conviction is for possessing intoxicating liquor for the purpose of sale. Punishment is two years in the penitentiary. We deem it unnecessary to state the facts further than as referred to in discussing the various bills of exception.

Complaint is made of the state’s evidence that the officers found appellant and his two sons straining mash into barrels; also of finding 6 gallons of whisky, a gasoline tank, and other things indicating the manufacture of whisky; the objection being that the officers had nó search' warrant. The offense is shown to have been committed in December, 1924. The trial occurred in April, 1925. If the objection is based upon the law passed by the 39th Legislature, chapter 149, relating to unlawful seizures and searches, it is not tenable, because that law did not become effective until June 17, 1925, subsequent to the trial. Under the authority of Welchek v. State, 93 Tex. Cr. R. 271, 247 S. W. 524, and many cases following it, the objection was without merit. What we have said disposes of bills of exception 1 and 6. It is not necessary to decide whether the facts bring this case under the act of the 39th Legislature.

The evidence shows that when the officers came up on appellant and his two sons appellant exclaimed, “You have got me.” After this exclamation the officers continued their search. Down the branch a short distance from where the barrels of mash were they found a “worm” and a place where a fire had been. Some 60 or 70 feet from that place they found in a keg 6 gallons of warm whisky. Complaint is made of proving appellant’s exclamation, upon the ground that the whisky had not then been discovered, and that the prosecution being for the possession of intoxicating liquor for the purpose of sale, the exclamation of appellant could not have been with reference to the whisky, because it had not been found at the time the statement was made. It was all a part of one transaction occurring within a few minutes while the search was being conducted. Thei'e is no merit in appellant’s contention. The court properly admitted the statement as a part of the res gestae.

On cross-examination, witness Jones was asked if,, in connection with the statement, “You have got me,” appellant did not also say, “This is not my outfit; I just walked up here.” This testimony was objected to as being a self-serving declaration. If it was res gestae, it would be admissible; or, if it was part of the same conversation elicited by the state, it would be admissible under article 728, C. C. P. (1925 Revision). By the qualification appended to the bill it appears to have been neither res gestae nor part of the same conversation. The court says the statement sought to be elicited from Jones on cross-examination was not made until some 30 minutes after the first statement, and after all the discoveries had been completed and the officers were on the way to their automobiles with appellant. Under the qualification of the trial judge, bills 3 and 4, relating to the same matter, present no error. However, we call attention to the fact that this testimony did go into the record through the witness Watts, who testified that in connection with the statement, “You have got me,” appellant also said' the outfit did not belong to him, but belonged to another party. We also observe when the witness Jones was recalled by the state for further examination that, in response to a question from appellant, the witness said:

“I do not remember Mm saying then and there that it was not his-, and that he had nothing to do with it. He told me after that.”

At whatever time appellant may have denied having anything to do with the “outfit” he had the benefit of the denial.

During his closing argument the district attorney used the following language:

“Why has he (defendant) not given me a chance to prove his reputation? He knows that I could not go into that, and he was afraid to open the way.”

The attorney might as well have told the jury in so many words that accused’s reputation was bad, and that he could have proven it if given the opportunity. In Childress v. State, 92 Tex. Cr. R. 215, 241 S. W. 1029, this court had occasion to hold it reversible error for counsel representing the state to ask a witness if he knew the general reputation of the accused when that matter had not been put in issue by the latter. The matter complained of here appears to be even more harmful than in the Childress Case. Also in his argument the district attorney said:

“Gentlemen, you know and I know that, if the defendant was innocent, he would not go down to where this distill was on Sunday morning and carry with him his two little boys and the white sacks. He would have had his good wife here to‘ deny such thing, but he knew that I had talked with her, and that, if she was put on the witness stand, she would have told the truth about it, and it would have convicted him.”

Where the wife of accused is shown to have been in a position to know facts which would be material to the defense, the failure to put her upon the stand has always' been held to be a proper subject of comment; but the district attorney in his zeal'went further in the present instance. Through his argument he put into the case a fact not in evidence and known to the jury only by the statement made in argument. It was equivalent to telling the jury that he had talked with appellant’s wife; that her story was not in consonance with appellant’s evidence, and, if placed on the witness stand, she would so testify. This is going further in argument than can legitimately be permitted. See Stanchel v. State, 89 Tex. Cr. R. 358, 231 S. W. 120; Hazzard v. State, 99 Tex. Cr. R. 354, 269 S. W. 438. By the un-sworn statements of the district attorney the wife was made a witness against the husband. We again express regret at being called upon to reverse judgments in cases which otherwise appear to have been tried correctly because of the over zeal of prosecuting officers. This is never to be commended in any case. We are at an entire loss to understand why it should have been thought necessary to resort to it under the facts of the present case. We cannot hold the argument to have been harmless. The punishment assessed was more than the minimum. Under such circumstances it is impossible for us to know whether the improper argument contributed to this result, and we cannot presume it did not.

For the improper argument, the judgment must be reversed, and the causé remanded. 
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