
    EDISON ELECTRIC ILLUMINATING CO. et al. v. RIKER.
    (Supreme Court, General Term, First Department.
    November 15, 1895.)
    Gifts inter Vivos—What Constitute.
    In October, 1887, a father turned over to his son $20,000; in December, 1887, $5,000; November 4, 1889, $8,000; and May 28, 1891, $14,000. No notes or receipts were taken for these sums, and no book account of them was kept by father or son. No demand was made by the father for payment of the principal, and the son paid no interest In December, 1887, the father transferred his interest in a drug business to his son, who was the other partner, taking therefor his six notes for $10,000 each. The son had transacted all the business for a year prior to the transfer, however, and had received all the profits. In February, 1888, the son made a statement to Bradstreet’s Agency showing that his whole indebtedness consisted of two accounts to other houses. The father, in swearing oft his personal assessment, made no mention of any debt owing from the son. j&eld, that the moneys turned over to the son were intended as an absolute gift, and would not support a transfer of property by the son to the father as against creditors.
    Appeal from special term, New York county.
    Action by the Edison Electric Illuminating Company and others against William B. Biker, impleaded, to set aside certain transfers of moneys, notes, and accounts, made by the defendant William H. Biker to his father, the other individual defendant, on the ground of fraud. Judgment was entered in favor of plaintiffs, and defendant William B. Biker appeals. Affirmed.
    Argued before VAN BRUNT, P. J., and O’BRIEN and PARKER, JJ.
    George F. Martens, for appellant.
    John J. Adams, for respondents.
   PER CURIAM.

The evidence presented by this record is, with the exception of the testimony of one witness, substantially the same as in the case of Comyns against Biker, which resulted in a judgment setting aside the transfer of certain property by William H. Biker to William B. Biker, on the ground that it was fraudulent and void as against the plaintiff, because made with intent on the part of the transferror to hinder, delay, and defraud his creditors, and was accepted by the transferee with notice of such intent This court, on the appeal in Comyns’ Case, affirmed the judgment. 83 Hun, 473, 31 N. Y. Supp. 1042. On this review the evidence is substantially the same as in the Comyns Case, with the exception of the testimony of William H. Biker, the transferror, who was not sworn in that case; and we shall inquire whether a different result than was then had is now required because of it. The learned judge at special term thought not, and we see no reason to disagree with him. It was shown on the former trial that the father, William B. Biker, by mortgages upon his property, given at different times prior to October 2,1891, obtained about $71,000, which was turned over to his son; and that the father transferred to his son his interest in the drug business in December, 1887, for $60,000, for which six notes of $10,000 each were given. On account of these notes and the moneys received from the mortgages the son claims there was an indebtedness due to his father on February 12,1892, of about $120,000, while the father claims the amount to have been $128,000. The facts that such moneys were turned over to the son, and the father’s interest. in the drug store transferred to him, were not in dispute on either trial, and to such extent the testimony of the son corroborates, merely, that of his father in the Comyns Case, upon a point not disputed. The contention in that case was, as it is in this one, not that the father did not turn over the moneys to his son, but that he did not loan them to him; that, instead, he inténded them as a voluntary and absolute gift to his only child; and that it was only when the business failure of his son seemed imminent that the plan developed of treating such advances as loans for the purpose of securing a foundation upon which to base a transfer of whatever of assets the son had remaining, at the expense of his other numerous creditors. In support of the contention of the plaintiff that the money was intended by the father as a gift to the son, who succeeded him in business, it was proved that from the year 1878 to June 5,1887, the father loaned to the son, at various times, sums of money ranging from $200 to $4,400, aggregating $8,500; and that for each sum, when loaned, he took back the son’s note. It was not until December 15,1887, that the father executed a bill of sale to his son of his interest in the business carried on under the firm name of William B. Biker & Son, although he testifies that he had been previously out of the business. “I had nothing to do. My son did everything, and took the entire profits for at least a year previous to my giving the bill of sale.” With this statement the son agrees. But after June, 1887, the former practice of the father in requiring the son to give him notes for moneys advanced was abandoned. According to the testimony of both father and son, the father borrowed $20,000 on mortgage in October, 1887, and immediately turned it over to the son. When paid to the son, the money was all in bank notes, but the father did not take a note for it, nor a receipt. This statement is not contradicted by the son on this trial, and the further fact appears that no record or entry of these transactions was made by either father or son, and in that important respect the son’s testimony strengthens the evidence of the former trial on this subject. Then it appeared that there were no entries in the business books of the son. Now it appears that he never made an entry anywhere of the transactions. What we have said as to the absence of a note, receipt, or entry by either father or son as to the $20,000 is also true of the $5,000 turned over December 27, 1887, of the $8,000 on November 4, 1889, and the $14,000 paid over May 28, 1891. The father, in answer to an inquiry as to whether he kept any account between himself and son during this period of time, said: “As a general thing, I kept no account. I may have, in these later years, a few little memoranda; but I did not, at the time that I loaned this large amount, and down to the 12th of February, 1892, keep any account; not until the whole thing was paid.” The date given by the witness was some little time after the last payment, which he now claims to have been a loan to his son. It also appears from the testimony of the manager and bookkeeper of the wholesale firm, and from the testimony of the bookkeeper of the retail department, that the books contained no evidence of any of these transactions, and the son on this trial testified: “I did not keep any account in any book with my father; none whatever. * * I did not keep any account with him at all. I kept no entry of this indebtedness on any book.” In such important respect, therefore, the son’s testimony strengthens the evidence upon which the judgment was based in Comyns’ Case. On that trial it also appeared from the testimony of a representative of Bradstreet’s Commercial Agency that in February, 1888, when, according to the father’s testimony, the indebtedness of his son to him was $93,500, the son stated that his total indebtedness consisted of a debt due the Sixth avenue store of from $6,000 to $8,000, and on the factory account of $15,000. On this trial William H. Biker admits that he did make that statement. There are other features of the testimony, such as a failure at any time to demand payment by the father, the omission to pay interest, the swearing off of his personal assessment by William B. Biker, and his. testimony in relation to it, in which he said: “I did swear off that I was not liable to personal tax, because what my son owed me I did not look upon in the light of a debt. I did not think of it. It was a different kind of a debt.” But such evidence, and the weight to be attached to it, was considered by us in the Comyns Case, leaving for consideration here whether the testimony of William H. Biker so far overcomes the evidence in the Comyns Case as to require a different conclusion. Our examination of it, to which brief reference only has been made, satisfies us that it is not of such a character as to justify this court in holding that the decision of the special term was against the weight of evidence. The judgment should be affirmed, with costs.  