
    Constantino BASILE, an individual, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WARNER BROS. ENTERTAINMENT INC., a Delaware corporation; et al., Defendants-Appellees.
    No. 16-55067
    United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
    Submitted February 14, 2017 
    
    Filed February 27, 2017
    Constantino Basile, Pro Se
    Linda M. Burrow, Attorney, Arwen Johnson, Attorney, Caldwell Leslie & Proctor PC, Los Angeles, CA, Matthew O’Brien, Attorney, DOJ—Office of the U.S. Attorney, Los Angeles, CA, for Defendants-Appellees
    Before: GOODWIN, FARRIS, and FERNANDEZ, Circuit Judges.
    
      
       The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P, 34(a)(2).
    
   MEMORANDUM

Constantino Basile appeals pro se from the district court’s order dismissing his action alleging that defendants’ movies The Dark Knight Rises and Jupiter Ascending infringed upon his copyrighted works “Crisis on Jupiter” and “The World of Jupiter.” We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo the district court’s dismissal under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 341 (9th Cir. 2010), and we affirm.

The district court properly dismissed Basile’s copyright infringement action because there is no substantial similarity, as a matter of law, between protected elements of Basile’s copyrighted works and comparable elements of defendants’ films, and any similarities in the general concepts are unprotected. See Cavalier v. Random House, Inc., 297 F.3d 815, 823 (9th Cir. 2002) (“Scenes-a-faire, or situations and incidents that flow necessarily or naturally from a basic plot premise, cannot sustain a finding of infringement.”); Shaw v. Lindheim, 919 F.2d 1353, 1362 (9th Cir. 1990) (copying of a work’s title does not alone establish substantial similarity); Berkic v. Crichton, 761 F.2d 1289, 1292-94 (9th Cir. 1985) (setting forth factors to determine substantial similarity). Contrary to Basile’s contention, the district court did not err in requiring substantial similarity despite Basile’s allegations that defendants had access to his protected works. See Funky Films, Inc. v. Time Warner Entm’t Co., L.P., 462 F.3d 1072, 1076-78 (9th Cir. 2006) (absent direct copying, a plaintiff must show substantial similarity to prevail on a copyright infringement claim),

The district court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing Basile’s copyright infringement claims without leave to amend because any amendment would have been futile. See Steckman v. Hart Brewing, Inc., 143 F.3d 1293, 1298 (9th Cir. 1998) (leave to amend not required “where the amended complaint would also be subject to dismissal”); see also Chodos v. West Publ’g Co., 292 F.3d 992, 1003 (9th Cir. 2002) (setting forth standard of review).

The district court did not abuse its discretion in taking judicial notice of the alleged infringing movies provided by defendants on DVD, see Federal Rule of Evidence 201(b)(2); see also Skilstaf, Inc. v. CVS Caremark Corp., 669 F.3d 1005, 1016 n.9 (9th Cir. 2012) (setting forth standard of review), or in failing to consider exhibits provided by Basile that were not relevant to the dispositive issue of substantial similarity, see Aceves v. Allstate Ins. Co., 68 F.3d 1160, 1164-66 (9th Cir. 1995) (setting forth standard of review and discussing relevance).

We reject as unsupported by the record Basile’s contention that a district court employee stole exhibits in violation of his due process rights.

Basile’s motion to transmit exhibits, filed on April 14, 2016, is granted. Basile’s motion to lodge exhibits, filed on March 7, 2016, and Basile’s opposed motion to sup- ' plement the record, filed on April 14, 2016, are denied.

AFFIRMED. 
      
       This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
     