
    Louis F. Harris, Respondent, v. Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie R. Co., Appellant.
    (Supreme Court, Appellate Term,
    October, 1901.)
    Common carrier — Duty of connecting carrier.
    'Under a shipping receipt providing that no carrier shall be liable for any damage by causes beyond its control nor for loss or damage not occurring on its own road or on its portion ci the through route, a connecting rail carrier performs its whole duty to the consignor where it carries goods, transferred to it by the receiving carrier, and promptly delivers them to the next and last connecting carrier and, therefore, where the first connecting carrier has been guilty of no negligence itself, it is not liable to the consignor or his assignee for delay and loss in regard to the goods, which were of a “ seasonable ” character, resulting from a subsequent transaction had between the last connecting carrier and the consignee, without notice to the first connecting carrier, which began by the goods being held and stored at the terminus at his request and until he could communicate in regard to them with the consignor and which ended by the consignee’s absolute refusal five weeks later to accept them.
    Appeal by the defendant from a judgment rendered in favor of the plaintiff in the Municipal Court of the city of New York, second district, borough of Manhattan.'
    Townsend & McClelland, for appellant.
    Louis C. Levy, for respondent.
   Freedman, P. J.

This appeal is taken by the defendant-appellant from a judgment rendered by the Municipal Court for the second district, in favor of the plaintiff-respondent. This action was brought, as the return states, for damages to personal property. The facts are not in dispute and are now presented by the stipulation appearing in the return. Such facts show that the merchandise was delivered to the Merchants’ Despatch Transportation Company on the 16th day of July, 1900, consigned to F. G. Trottman at Fergus Falls, Minn. The “Merchants Despatch ” promptly delivered the merchandise to the defendant, a connecting carrier at Buffalo. The defendant promptly delivered the same at Minneapolis, Minn., to the Great Northern Railway, a connecting carrier, and the last-named carrier transported the goods Over itp line to Fergus Falls, the place of destination, which point was reached on the 4th day of August, 1900. No claim is made or can be made that the goods were not promptly transported. The agent of the Great Northern Railway promptly gave notice to the consignee of the arrival of the merchandise. At the request of the consignee the merchandise was permitted to remain in a freighthouse at Fergus Falls until the consignee could communicate with the consignor. The merchandise remained in said freighthouse under said agreement, betwuen the consignee and the agent of the Great Northern Railway Company, until the 12th day of September, 1900, when the consignee refused to accept the goods. Notice of such refusal was given to the consignor by the Merchants’ Despatch on the 8th day of November, 1900. The Merchants’ Despatch then requested of the consignor instructions for the disposal of the merchandise, and on the 30th day of December, 1900, .the consignor gave instructions that z the merchandise should be shipped to the O. J. Lewis Mercantile Co., at St. Louis, Mo., and at the samé time surrendered to the Merchants’ Despatch the original shipping receipt. In pursuance of the said- instructions the merchandise was shipped to St. Louis, was duly received there, and under further instructions from the consignor was sold at auction. The merchandise was what is known as “ seasonable goods ”, and by the stipulation it was conceded that had the consignor received immediate notice that the goods were not promptly accepted upon their arrival at Fergus Falls, he would have been able to have disposed of them for a higher price than that realized at auction.” Prior to the commencement of this action the consignor duly sold and assigned to the plaintiff in this action any and all claim and demand which he might have against the defendant growing out of the foregoing statement of facts.

The counsel for the plaintiff claims in his brief that the action is purely in tort, founded upon negligence, and not upon breach of contract, and the negligence is claimed to consist (1), that the defendant delayed in giving notice to the consignor of the nonacceptance of the goods by the consignee, and (2) that, instead of delivering the goods, the carrier entered into an agreement with the consignee which was inconsistent with the duty the carrier owed to the consignor. The facts disclosed fail to sustain this contention so far as the present defendant is concerned. The defendant was a connecting carrier and its whole duty was prima facie discharged when by it the goods were delivered to the next connecting carrier, viz., The Great Northern Railway. The last-named carrier promptly transported the goods over its line to Fergus Falls, the place of destination, and upon their arrival at the said place promptly notified the consignee. Now, the consignee did not, in the first instance, refuse to accept the goods. He desired to communicate with the consignor before accepting them and requested that in the meantime the goods should be kept in the freighthouse. The Great Northern Railway could not well have refused this request and had a right to assume that the consignee would communicate with the consignor within a reasonable time. Mere compliance with such request clearly was not a negligent act nor did its failure to give immediate notice to the consignor constitute negligence under the circumstances. Such notice would have given to the consignor no information beyond what the consignee had assured the railroad company he would give. Whether the duty to notify the consignor arose afterwards and whether, after it had arisen, there was unnecessary delay, are more difficult questions. The authorities are very conflicting as to when and under what circumstances it becomes the duty of a carrier to notify the consignor of his inability to make immediate delivery, and if this action had been brought against either the Great Northern Railway or the Merchants’ Despatch, its proper determination would require extended discussion of the facts and of the rules of law concerning the liabilities of carriers as such, and as warehousemen. But in the case at bar it is not necessary. The defendant was a connecting carrier. It promptly carried the goods and promptly delivered them to the next connecting carrier to be carried to their destination. The latter was not the agent of the defendant but an independent carrier. There is not a scintilla of evidence that the defendant had any knowledge or notice that the consignee had not accepted the goods, but had requested time to communicate with the consignor. Nor is there any evidence that the defendant was finally notified of the consignee’s refusal to accept the goods. The plaintiff, therefore, 'wholly failed to establish negligence in the defendant. Mot having been guilty of any negligence, the defendant is exempted from liability under the provisions of the contract of shipment embodied in the shipment receipt. This expressly provides that no carrier shall be liable for any damage by causes beyond its control and that no carrier shall be liable for loss or damage not occurring on its own road, or its portion of the through route, nor after said property is ready for delivery to the next carrier or to the consignee.

Eor the reasons already stated the judgment must be reversed, and consequently it is unnecessary to consider the points raised as to the damages.

McAdam and Gildersleeve, JJ., concur.

Judgment reversed and new trial order, with costs to appellant to abide event.  