
    Peter Schaeffler, Resp’t, v. Charles Miehling, App’lt
    
      (New York Superior Court, General Term,
    
    
      Filed, July 1, 1895.)
    
    Covenant — Beam right — Incumbrance.
    A beam right in favor of adjoining premises, to continue until the wall of the servient building is destroyed in any manner or torn down for the purpose of rebuilding, is an incumbrance.
    
      Appeal from a judgment entered on a verdict in favor of plaintiff, and from an order denying» a motion for a new trial.
    
      Edward Miehling, for app'lt; Frank Schaeffler, for resp't.
   McAdam, J.

— The defendant, on October 1, 1890, conveyed the premises Eo. 91 Second avenue to plaintiff, by deed containing covenant against incumbrances of every character, except a mortgage of $15,000. At the time of the conveyance, the pz’emises were incumbered by a beam right existing in favor of the adjoining premises, Eo. 93, created by agreement in writing, under seal, executed by the defendant and the adjoining owner; the right to continue until the wall of Eo. 91 “be destroyed in any manner, or be torn down for the purpose of rebuilding.” This means that, unless the wall be destroyed by fire or other accidental means, or its removal be imperatively required for rebuilding on Eo. 91, the beam right is to continue. The appellant calls the right a “ revocable license." It is more. It is an urban servitude imposed on Eo. 91, in the nature of an easement in favor of the adjoining property, which continues into whosesoever hands the respective estates come, subject to be defeated only by the happening of either contingency expressed in the grant. Washb. Easem. (5th ed.) pp. 20, 605, 37. An easement always implies an interest in the land, while a mere license does not. The former passes by grant, while the latter is generally unassignable. Whatever charges or burdens real property in favor of a person other than the owner is in the nature of an incumbrance; and the beam right or easement granted in favor of Eo. 93 is such, within the meaning of the covenant in the grant made by the defendant to the plaintiff. The easement was buried in the wall. There was no apparent sign of servitude, and the plaintiff purchased without knowledge of its existence. The action was for breach •of the covenantxagainst incumbrances, and the plaintiff recovered $150 upon the finding of the jury that his property had been injured to that extent by the incumbrance. The plaintiff subsequently sold the property to another, who discovered the existence of the beam-right agreement, and declined to take title unless allowed $150 for the deterioration in value; caused thereby. The plaintiff allowed this sum to the purchaser;' and while the actual damages proved at the trial exceeded $150, the jury, influenced perhaps by the fact of such payment, fixed the recovery at that •sum. This circumstance benefited the defendant; and, as the plaintiff does not appear, neither party can assign as error the fixing of the amount of damages at an amount less than that proved.

The judgment and order appealed from must therefore be affirmed, with costs.

All concur.  