
    The People of the State of New York ex rel. William W. Cantwell and Robert M. Moore, Respondents, v. Bird S. Coler, as Comptroller of the City of New York, Appellant.
    • Allowance to counsel assigned in capital cases — it does not include expert's fees.
    
    Section 308 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,- which provides, that the court may allow to counsel assigned in a capital case his personal and incidental expenses in addition to compensation for his services, does not authorize an allowance to the counsel for the services of expert witnesses called by him upon the trial.
    The personal and incidental expenses, for the payment of which provision is made, are those incurred by counsel on his personal account.
    Laughlin, J., dissented.
    Appeal by the defendant, Bird S. Coler, as comptroller of the city of New York, from an order of the Supreme Court, made at the. New York Special Term, and entered in the office of the clerk of the coifhty 'of New York on. the 7th day of May, 1901, granting the relators’ motion for a peremptory writ of mandamus commanding the defendant to pay to the relators the snm of $950 for. persona] .and incidental expenses incurred in the defense of Samuel J. Kennedy on a trial upon an indictment.
    
      ,Theodore Oonnoly, for the.appellant.
    
      JR. M. Moore, for the respondents.
   Patterson, J.:

The comptroller of the city of New York appeals from an.order granting an application for a. peremptory writ of mandamus requiring him to pay to the relators a sum of $950 allowed them for the' compensation of expert witnesses, as to handwriting called for .the defendant on the trial of one Kennedy for murder. The relators were the attorneys and counsel for the defendant Kennedy, being assigned by the court to defend him. It was conceded by the appellant on the argument, although it is not expressly stated in the record, that on the trial expert witnesses were properly called-by the defendant Kennedy to testify as to certain papers or documents being in his handwriting.. The expert witnesses presented to, the relators their bills for services, and it is assumed that the relators either paid ■or became responsible for the amount thereof. An application was made by the relators to the justice of the Supreme Court who prer ■sided at the trial of - Kennedy for an allowance under the. provisions ■of section 308 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which provides that, when services are rendered by counsel assigned by order of the court in a capital case, the court may allow the personal and incidental expenses of such counsel upon a verified statement being filed with the clerk of the court, and a further reasonable compensation for services not to exceed $500. The justice granted the application and allowed $500 as compensation to the relators, which lias been paid, and also the $950 as expenses. The only authority for granting the allowance must be found, of course, in the statute. It provides for the payment of personal and incidental expenses. The relators seek to sustain the allowance for witness charges upon the ground that they are incidental expenses. They were undoubtedly expenses of a trial, such as would ordinarily be borne by a -party to an action. The personal and incidental expenses for. the payment of which provision is made are such as relate to those incurred by counsel on his personal account. The word “ incidental,”' as used in the statute, is associated with the word “ personal,”, and is used conjunctively. It does not confer authority upon the counsel to make contracts of a special character involving a large liability to be cast upon the county, for by the section of the Code cited the compensation and the personal and incidental expenses of counsel are made a county charge. The word “ incidental,” as used in the statute, must be construed in accordance with its ordinary meaning,, which is: “ Of minor importance, occasional, casual, as incidental expenses; ” something subordinate or casual; often used in the plural to mean minor expenses.” (¡Century Diet.)

We cannot construe this section of the Code as so enlarging the meaning of the word “incidental” as to give authority for the allowance as a county charge of such items of expenditure as those nOw claimed by the relators.

There is nothing in the suggestion of hardship in a particular-case that aids in the construction of the statute. The inability of the accused to meet the expense of calling expert witnesses to oppose, those called by the prosecution is a situation which has not been met by the Legislature, and the courts have no power to broaden the scope of the statute by a supposed equitable construction. Before the passage of a law giving compensation from the public moneys to counsel assigned in a capital ease, the services of such, counsel were gratuitous.. With respect to all the expenses of a trial, except as expressly provided for by statute, there has been no change, in the law.

We are of opinion, therefore, that there was no authority in the. learned trial judge to make the certifícate allowing these expert-witness fees.

The order appealed from must be reversed, with ten dollars costs- and disbursements, and the application for a peremptory mandamus, denied, with ten dollars costs.

Ingraham, McLaughlin and Hatch, J'J., concurred; Laughlin, J., dissented.

Order reversed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements, and motion denied, with ten dollars costs.  